A high wear-resistant lubricating oil and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-wear-resistant lubricating oil and its preparation method, relating to the field of lubricating oil technology. The high-wear-resistant lubricating oil, by weight, comprises: 85-92 parts base oil, 3-5 parts shape memory polymer, 2-4 parts metal-based shape memory alloy, 0.05-0.1 parts functionalized graphene, 0.5-1 parts self-cleaning additive, 5-8 parts nickel-titanium-niobium magneto-controlled shape memory alloy, and 2-3 parts phase change heat storage microcapsules. This invention, by compounding the base oil with the shape memory polymer, metal-based shape memory alloy, functionalized graphene, self-cleaning additive, nickel-titanium-niobium magneto-controlled shape memory alloy, and phase change heat storage microcapsules in a specific ratio, compared with existing technologies, can improve the wear resistance life of the lubricating oil under different load and temperature conditions. Therefore, it solves the problem that traditional lubricating oils have large performance fluctuations under varying operating conditions and are difficult to meet lubrication requirements under high and low temperatures and different load conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lubricating oil technology, specifically to a high wear-resistant lubricating oil and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] High wear-resistant lubricating oil is a lubricating product designed to reduce wear on mechanical parts. By forming a strong and stable oil film on the friction surface, it effectively isolates the metal contact surface, reduces the coefficient of friction, and at the same time, it can also assist in heat dissipation, remove the heat generated by friction, prevent parts from failing due to overheating, and ultimately extend the service life of mechanical equipment, improve operational stability and work efficiency.

[0003] In existing technologies, high-wear-resistant lubricating oils struggle to maintain stable lubrication performance under varying operating conditions. The oil film is prone to rupture due to stress concentration or excessively high temperatures, leading to a sharp increase in the coefficient of friction and accelerated wear. Furthermore, long-term use results in sludge buildup that clogs lubrication channels, and the accelerated oxidation and deterioration of the base oil at high temperatures significantly shortens oil change intervals and increases equipment maintenance costs. Therefore, this invention provides a high-wear-resistant lubricating oil and its preparation method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high wear-resistant lubricating oil and its preparation method. This invention constructs a lubrication system with high wear resistance, strong extreme pressure performance and long-term stability by compounding base oil with various functional additives and utilizing the synergistic effect between the components. This effectively solves the performance defects of traditional lubricating oils under complex working conditions, extends the service life of equipment and reduces the maintenance frequency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A high wear-resistant lubricating oil, characterized in that, by weight, it comprises: 85-92 parts base oil, 3-5 parts shape memory polymer, 2-4 parts metal-based shape memory alloy, 0.05-0.1 parts functionalized graphene, 0.5-1 parts self-cleaning additive, 5-8 parts nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy, and 2-3 parts phase change heat storage microcapsules.

[0006] Preferably, the shape memory polymer is a star-shaped topological structure shape memory polyurethane with hyperbranched polyetheramine as the core and polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer as the soft segment. The number average molecular weight ratio of polycaprolactone to polyethylene glycol in the soft segment is 3:1, and the hard segment contains 25wt%-30wt% hexamethylene diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol chain extender.

[0007] Preferably, the metal-based shape memory alloy is a CuAlMnNb alloy treated with plasma nitriding, with a nitriding layer thickness of 5μm to 8μm, a surface hardness of HV500, a Nb content of 0.5% to 0.8%, and a particle size distribution satisfying D10 of 3μm to 5μm, D50 of 10μm to 14μm, and D90 of 35μm to 40μm.

[0008] Preferably, the functionalized graphene is phosphate-functionalized graphene with a sheet size of 1μm to 3μm, similar to Cu in metal-based shape memory alloys. 2 + Forms a copper phosphate whisker network and forms hydrogen bonds with the amino groups of shape memory polyurethane.

[0009] Preferably, the self-cleaning additive is a graft product of visible light responsive tin disulfide and shape memory polymer, with tin disulfide particle size of 50-80 nm, grafting rate of 15%-20%, and sludge degradation rate of 0.02 mg / h. The base oil is a compound of polyalphaolefin and pentaerythritol ester in a weight ratio of 3:1, wherein the kinematic viscosity of the polyalphaolefin at 100°C is 28 mm² / s to 32 mm² / s. The nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy has a particle size of 8μm to 12μm. After being modified with silane coupling agent KH560, it has a shape recovery rate of 4% to 5% under a magnetic field of 0.1T to 0.3T and a dispersion stability of up to 90 days without sedimentation. The phase change thermal storage microcapsules have a polyurea-coated paraffin structure with a diameter of 5μm to 10μm. The paraffin has a melting point of 70℃ and releases latent heat when the frictional temperature rise exceeds 60℃.

[0010] Preferably, the preparation method of the high wear-resistant lubricating oil includes the following steps: Step S1: Preparation of base oil, shape memory polymer, metal-based shape memory alloy, functionalized graphene, self-cleaning additive, nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy and phase change thermal storage microcapsules; Step S2: Add the shape memory polymer to the base oil, and simultaneously add the nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy. Disperse the mixture ultrasonically at 300W for 15 minutes to obtain a pre-dispersion. Step S3: Add metal-based shape memory alloy, functionalized graphene and self-cleaning additive to the pre-dispersion liquid, and perform high-pressure homogenization treatment at 80MPa for 20 minutes. Add phase change thermal storage microcapsules 5 minutes before the end of the high-pressure homogenization treatment, and continue homogenization until the treatment is completed after 20 minutes. Step S4: Stir the mixture obtained in step S3 at 60°C for 30 minutes, raise the temperature to 80°C and continue stirring for 60 minutes, then lower the temperature to 60°C and stir for 30 minutes to obtain the high wear-resistant lubricating oil.

[0011] Preferably, step S1 further includes the following steps: Step S11: The base oil is prepared by mixing polyalphaolefin and pentaerythritol ester at a weight ratio of 3:1 at 60°C for 30 minutes until homogeneous. The kinematic viscosity of the polyalphaolefin at 100°C is 28 mmHg. 2 / s~32mm 2 / s.

[0012] Preferably, step S1 further includes the following steps: Step S12: The method for preparing the shape memory polymer includes the synthesis of hyperbranched polyetheramine core, the preparation of polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer, and the polymerization of star-shaped topological polyurethane. The synthesis method of hyperbranched polyetheramine core is as follows: a diepoxy functional group monomer and a tetraamine are dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide at a molar ratio of 3:1, and polycondensation reaction is carried out at 60℃~80℃ for 5 hours~8 hours under nitrogen protection, and the solvent is removed by vacuum distillation. The preparation method of polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer is as follows: using polyethylene glycol with a number average molecular weight of 2000 as an initiator, it is subjected to ring-opening polymerization with ε-caprolactone at 120℃ for 12 to 16 hours. The polymerization method of star-shaped topological polyurethane is as follows: a hyperbranched polyetheramine core and a polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer are dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide, hexamethylene diisocyanate and stannous octoate are added, and the mixture is reacted at 75℃~85℃ for 6 hours. Then, 1,4-butanediol chain extender is added dropwise and the reaction is continued for 4 hours. The product is obtained by ethanol precipitation and vacuum drying.

[0013] Preferably, step S1 further includes the following steps: Step S13: The preparation method of the metal-based shape memory alloy is as follows: Cu is 82% to 85% by weight, Al is 10% to 12%, Mn is 3% to 5%, and Nb is 0.5% to 0.8%. The alloy is then vacuum induction melted at 1200℃ to 1300℃ for 2 hours, solution treated at 800℃ for 4 hours, water quenched, crushed and screened, and subjected to cold isostatic pressing at 200MPa. Finally, it is plasma nitrided at 450℃ to 500℃ and 10Pa to 20Pa pressure for 3 to 4 hours in an atmosphere with a nitrogen-argon volume ratio of 1:1. Step S14: The preparation method of the functionalized graphene is as follows: graphene oxide with a sheet size of 1-3 μm and dioctyl phosphate are reacted with xylene and water at a weight ratio of 1:3 for 6 hours at 150°C. Step S15: The self-cleaning additive is prepared by hydrothermal reaction of SnCl4•5H2O and thiourea at a molar ratio of 1:2 at 180°C for 12 hours to obtain tin disulfide, and then reacting it with star-shaped shape memory polyurethane at a weight ratio of 1:5 at 70°C for 8 hours under the initiation of azobisisobutyronitrile.

[0014] Preferably, step S1 further includes the following steps: Step S16: The preparation method of the nickel-titanium-niobium magneto-controlled shape memory alloy is as follows: by weight percentage, Ti is 43% to 46%, Ni is 45.3% to 48.5% and Nb is 5% to 10%. The alloy is then subjected to arc melting 3 to 4 times under argon protection, hot rolling at 900°C, and then air-jet pulverization to obtain powder. The powder is then treated with 5% by mass of silane coupling agent KH560 ethanol solution at 80°C for 2 hours. Step S17: The preparation method of the phase change thermal storage microcapsule is as follows: paraffin with a melting point of 70°C and octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether are emulsified at a weight ratio of 60:3.6 to form a water-in-oil emulsion, and then reacted with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate and ethylenediamine at a weight ratio of 12:2:1 at 70°C for 2 hours.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention involves compounding a base oil with a shape memory polymer, a metal-based shape memory alloy, functionalized graphene, a self-cleaning additive, a nickel-titanium-niobium magneto-controlled shape memory alloy, and phase change heat storage microcapsules in a specific ratio. This utilizes the deformation recovery properties of the shape memory polymer and the structural strengthening effect of the metal-based shape memory alloy to form a synergistic protective system. The layered structure of the functionalized graphene fills the friction gaps, the micro-adjustment effect of the nickel-titanium-niobium magneto-controlled shape memory alloy under a magnetic field optimizes the lubrication interface, and the temperature regulation capability of the phase change heat storage microcapsules maintains system stability. Compared with existing technologies, this invention improves the wear resistance and lifespan of lubricating oil under different loads and temperatures, thus solving the problems of large performance fluctuations in traditional lubricating oils under varying operating conditions and the inability to meet lubrication requirements under high and low temperatures and different loads.

[0016] 2. This invention employs a CuAlMnNb alloy treated with plasma nitriding as a metal-based shape memory alloy. The nitrided layer forms a high-hardness, wear-resistant surface layer, which, together with phosphate-functionalized graphene to form a copper phosphate whisker network and with shape memory polyurethane through hydrogen bonding, constitutes a three-dimensional reinforced structure. This structure can adaptively adjust its distribution state according to deformation during friction, continuously filling the wear surface. Compared with existing technologies, this improves the extreme pressure performance of lubricating oil and reduces the coefficient of friction, thus solving the problem of oil film rupture and direct wear of the friction pair under high contact stress.

[0017] 3. This invention utilizes a graft product of visible light-responsive tin disulfide and shape memory polymer as a self-cleaning additive, leveraging its photocatalytic effect to achieve continuous degradation of sludge. Combined with the latent heat release characteristic of polyurea-coated paraffin phase change heat storage microcapsules when the friction temperature rises above 60°C, the self-cleaning additive achieves a sludge degradation rate of 0.02 mg / h, effectively inhibiting sludge deposition. The latent heat release from the phase change heat storage microcapsules can control the temperature in the friction zone below 70°C. Compared with existing technologies, this extends the oil change cycle of lubricating oil and reduces equipment maintenance frequency, thus solving the problems of sludge accumulation leading to blocked lubrication channels and accelerated oxidation and deterioration of base oil at high temperatures during long-term use. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have been clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] This embodiment provides a high wear-resistant lubricating oil, characterized in that, by weight, it comprises: 85-92 parts base oil, 3-5 parts shape memory polymer, 2-4 parts metal-based shape memory alloy, 0.05-0.1 parts functionalized graphene, 0.5-1 parts self-cleaning additive, 5-8 parts nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy, and 2-3 parts phase change heat storage microcapsules.

[0020] In some embodiments, the shape memory polymer is a star-shaped topological structure shape memory polyurethane with hyperbranched polyetheramine as the core and polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer as the soft segment. The number average molecular weight ratio of polycaprolactone to polyethylene glycol in the soft segment is 3:1, and the hard segment contains 25wt%-30wt% hexamethylene diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol chain extender.

[0021] In some embodiments, the metal-based shape memory alloy is a CuAlMnNb alloy subjected to plasma nitriding treatment, with a nitriding layer thickness of 5μm to 8μm, a surface hardness of HV500, a Nb content of 0.5% to 0.8%, and a particle size distribution satisfying D10 of 3μm to 5μm, D50 of 10μm to 14μm, and D90 of 35μm to 40μm.

[0022] In some embodiments, the functionalized graphene is phosphate-functionalized graphene with sheet sizes of 1 μm to 3 μm, similar to Cu in metal-based shape memory alloys. 2 + Forms a copper phosphate whisker network and forms hydrogen bonds with the amino groups of shape memory polyurethane.

[0023] In some embodiments, the self-cleaning additive is a graft product of visible light responsive tin disulfide and shape memory polymer, with tin disulfide particle size of 50-80 nm, grafting rate of 15%-20%, and sludge degradation rate of 0.02 mg / h. The base oil is a blend of polyalphaolefin and pentaerythritol ester in a weight ratio of 3:1. The kinematic viscosity of the polyalphaolefin at 100°C is 28 mm² / s to 32 mm² / s. Nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy with a particle size of 8μm to 12μm, modified with silane coupling agent KH560, has a shape recovery rate of 4% to 5% under a magnetic field of 0.1T to 0.3T, and a dispersion stability of up to 90 days without sedimentation; The phase change thermal storage microcapsules have a polyurea-coated paraffin structure with a diameter of 5μm to 10μm. The paraffin has a melting point of 70℃ and releases latent heat when the frictional temperature rise exceeds 60℃.

[0024] In some embodiments, the method for preparing a high-wear-resistant lubricating oil includes the following steps: Step S1: Preparation of base oil, shape memory polymer, metal-based shape memory alloy, functionalized graphene, self-cleaning additive, nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy and phase change thermal storage microcapsules; Step S2: Add the shape memory polymer to the base oil, and simultaneously add the nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy. Disperse the mixture ultrasonically at 300W for 15 minutes to obtain a pre-dispersion. Step S3: Add metal-based shape memory alloy, functionalized graphene and self-cleaning additive to the pre-dispersion liquid, and perform high-pressure homogenization treatment at 80MPa for 20 minutes. Add phase change thermal storage microcapsules 5 minutes before the end of the high-pressure homogenization treatment, and continue homogenization until the treatment is completed after 20 minutes. Step S4: Stir the mixture obtained in step S3 at 60°C for 30 minutes, raise the temperature to 80°C and continue stirring for 60 minutes, then lower the temperature to 60°C and stir for 30 minutes to obtain a high wear-resistant lubricating oil.

[0025] In some embodiments, step S1 further includes the following steps: Step S11: The base oil is prepared by mixing polyalphaolefin and pentaerythritol ester at a weight ratio of 3:1 at 60°C for 30 minutes until homogeneous. The kinematic viscosity of the polyalphaolefin at 100°C is 28 mmHg. 2 / s~32mm 2 / s.

[0026] In some embodiments, step S1 further includes the following steps: Step S12: The preparation method of shape memory polymer includes the synthesis of hyperbranched polyetheramine core, the preparation of polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer and the polymerization of star-shaped topological polyurethane. The synthesis method of hyperbranched polyetheramine core is as follows: a diepoxy functional group monomer and a tetraamine are dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide at a molar ratio of 3:1, and polycondensation reaction is carried out at 60℃~80℃ for 5 hours~8 hours under nitrogen protection, and the solvent is removed by vacuum distillation. The preparation method of polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer is as follows: using polyethylene glycol with a number average molecular weight of 2000 as an initiator, it is subjected to ring-opening polymerization with ε-caprolactone at 120℃ for 12 to 16 hours. The polymerization method of star-shaped topological polyurethane is as follows: a hyperbranched polyetheramine core and a polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer are dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide, hexamethylene diisocyanate and stannous octoate are added, and the mixture is reacted at 75℃~85℃ for 6 hours. Then, 1,4-butanediol chain extender is added dropwise and the reaction is continued for 4 hours. The product is obtained by ethanol precipitation and vacuum drying.

[0027] In some embodiments, step S1 further includes the following steps: Step S13: The preparation method of metal-based shape memory alloy is as follows: Cu is 82% to 85% by weight, Al is 10% to 12%, Mn is 3% to 5%, and Nb is 0.5% to 0.8%. The alloy is then vacuum induction melted at 1200℃ to 1300℃ for 2 hours, solution treated at 800℃ for 4 hours, water quenched, crushed and screened, and subjected to cold isostatic pressing at 200MPa. Finally, it is plasma nitrided at 450℃ to 500℃ and 10Pa to 20Pa pressure for 3 to 4 hours in an atmosphere with a nitrogen-argon volume ratio of 1:1. Step S14: The preparation method of functionalized graphene is as follows: graphene oxide with a sheet size of 1-3 μm and dioctyl phosphate are reacted with xylene and water at a weight ratio of 1:3 for 6 hours at 150°C. Step S15: The self-cleaning additive is prepared by hydrothermal reaction of SnCl4•5H2O and thiourea at a molar ratio of 1:2 at 180°C for 12 hours to obtain tin disulfide, and then reacting it with star-shaped shape memory polyurethane at a weight ratio of 1:5 at 70°C for 8 hours under the initiation of azobisisobutyronitrile.

[0028] In some embodiments, step S1 further includes the following steps: Step S16: The preparation method of nickel-titanium-niobium magnetar shape memory alloy is as follows: by weight percentage, Ti is 43% to 46%, Ni is 45.3% to 48.5% and Nb is 5% to 10%. The alloy is then melted by electric arc 3 to 4 times under argon protection, hot rolled at 900℃ and then air-jet pulverized to obtain powder. The powder is then treated with 5% by mass of silane coupling agent KH560 ethanol solution at 80℃ for 2 hours. Step S17: The preparation method of phase change thermal storage microcapsules is as follows: paraffin with a melting point of 70°C is emulsified with octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether at a weight ratio of 60:3.6 to form a water-in-oil emulsion, and then reacted with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate and ethylenediamine at a weight ratio of 12:2:1 at 70°C for 2 hours.

[0029] In this embodiment, a lubrication system with high wear resistance, self-adjustment, and long-term stability is constructed by combining a base oil with various functional additives and leveraging the synergistic effect between the components. Specifically, the synergistic protective structure formed by the shape memory polymer and the metal-based shape memory alloy can adaptively adjust to changes in friction conditions; functionalized graphene strengthens the lubricating film through interfacial interactions; the nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron-controlled shape memory alloy further optimizes the lubrication state through micro-adjustments under a magnetic field; and phase change heat storage microcapsules and self-cleaning additives ensure the long-term stability of the system from the perspectives of temperature regulation and sludge inhibition, respectively. The combination of these components enables the lubricating oil to maintain excellent performance even under complex operating conditions.

[0030] Based on the foregoing embodiments, the following sets of experiments were conducted: It should be noted that the raw materials used in the following embodiments are all commercially available.

[0031] Example 1: A high wear-resistant lubricating oil, comprising by weight: 88 parts base oil, 4 parts shape memory polymer, 3 parts metal-based shape memory alloy, 0.08 parts functionalized graphene, 0.8 parts self-cleaning additive, 6 parts nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy, and 2.5 parts phase change heat storage microcapsules.

[0032] The shape memory polymer is a star-shaped polyurethane with a hyperbranched polyetheramine core and polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer as soft segments. The number average molecular weight ratio of polycaprolactone to polyethylene glycol in the soft segments is 3:1. The hard segments contain 28 wt% hexamethylene diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol chain extender.

[0033] The metal-based shape memory alloy is a CuAlMnNb alloy treated with plasma nitriding. The nitriding layer is 6 μm thick, the surface hardness is HV500, the Nb content is 0.6%, and the particle size distribution meets the requirements of D10 being 4 μm, D50 being 12 μm, and D90 being 38 μm.

[0034] Functionalized graphene is phosphate-functionalized graphene with a sheet size of 2μm. It forms a copper phosphate whisker network with Cu²⁺ in metal-based shape memory alloys and forms hydrogen bonds with the amino groups of shape memory polyurethane.

[0035] The self-cleaning additive is a graft product of visible light responsive tin disulfide and shape memory polymer. The tin disulfide has a particle size of 60nm, a grafting rate of 18%, and an oil sludge degradation rate of 0.02mg / h. The base oil is a blend of polyalphaolefin and pentaerythritol ester in a weight ratio of 3:1, wherein the kinematic viscosity of the polyalphaolefin at 100°C is 30 mm² / s. The nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy has a particle size of 10μm. After modification with silane coupling agent KH560, it has a shape recovery rate of 4.5% under a magnetic field of 0.2T and a dispersion stability of up to 90 days without sedimentation. The phase change thermal storage microcapsule has a polyurea-coated paraffin structure with a diameter of 8 μm. The paraffin has a melting point of 70°C and releases latent heat when the frictional temperature rise exceeds 60°C.

[0036] The preparation method of high wear-resistant lubricating oil includes the following steps: Step S1: Preparation of base oil, shape memory polymer, metal-based shape memory alloy, functionalized graphene, self-cleaning additive, nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy and phase change thermal storage microcapsules; Step S2: Add the shape memory polymer to the base oil, and simultaneously add the nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy. Disperse the mixture ultrasonically at 300W for 15 minutes to obtain a pre-dispersion. Step S3: Add metal-based shape memory alloy, functionalized graphene and self-cleaning additive to the pre-dispersion liquid, and perform high-pressure homogenization treatment at 80MPa for 20 minutes. Add phase change thermal storage microcapsules 5 minutes before the end of the high-pressure homogenization treatment, and continue homogenization until the treatment is completed after 20 minutes. Step S4: Stir the mixture obtained in step S3 at 60°C for 30 minutes, raise the temperature to 80°C and continue stirring for 60 minutes, then lower the temperature to 60°C and stir for 30 minutes to obtain a high wear-resistant lubricating oil.

[0037] Step S11: The base oil is prepared by mixing poly-α-olefin and pentaerythritol ester at a weight ratio of 3:1 at 60°C for 30 minutes until homogeneous. The kinematic viscosity of the poly-α-olefin at 100°C is 30 mm² / s.

[0038] Step S12: The preparation method of shape memory polymer includes the synthesis of hyperbranched polyetheramine core, the preparation of polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer and the polymerization of star-shaped topological polyurethane. The synthesis method of hyperbranched polyetheramine core is as follows: a diepoxy functional group monomer and a tetraamine are dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide at a molar ratio of 3:1, and polycondensation reaction is carried out at 70°C for 6.5 hours under nitrogen protection, and the solvent is removed by vacuum distillation. The preparation method of polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer is as follows: polyethylene glycol with a number average molecular weight of 2000 is used as an initiator and ε-caprolactone is subjected to ring-opening polymerization at 120°C for 14 hours. The polymerization method of star-shaped topological polyurethane is as follows: hyperbranched polyetheramine core and polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer are dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide, hexamethylene diisocyanate and stannous octoate are added, and after reacting at 80°C for 6 hours, 1,4-butanediol chain extender is added dropwise and the reaction is continued for 4 hours. After precipitation with ethanol and vacuum drying, the product is obtained.

[0039] Step S13: The preparation method of metal-based shape memory alloy is as follows: Cu is 83.5%, Al is 11%, Mn is 4%, and Nb is 0.6% by weight. The alloy is vacuum induction melted at 1250℃ for 2 hours, solution treated at 800℃ for 4 hours, water quenched, crushed and screened, and then subjected to cold isostatic pressing at 200MPa. Finally, it is plasma nitrided at 475℃ and 15Pa pressure in an atmosphere with a nitrogen-argon volume ratio of 1:1 for 3.5 hours. Step S14: The preparation method of functionalized graphene is as follows: graphene oxide with a sheet size of 2μm and dioctyl phosphate are reacted with xylene and water at a weight ratio of 1:3 for 6 hours at 150°C. Step S15: The self-cleaning additive is prepared by hydrothermal reaction of SnCl4•5H2O and thiourea at a molar ratio of 1:2 at 180°C for 12 hours to obtain tin disulfide, and then reacting it with star-shaped shape memory polyurethane at a weight ratio of 1:5 at 70°C for 8 hours under the initiation of azobisisobutyronitrile.

[0040] Step S16: The preparation method of nickel-titanium-niobium magneto-controlled shape memory alloy is as follows: by weight percentage, Ti is 44.5%, Ni is 46.8% and Nb is 8%, which are arc melted 3.5 times under argon protection, hot rolled at 900℃ and then air-jet pulverized to obtain powder, and then treated with 5% by mass of silane coupling agent KH560 ethanol solution at 80℃ for 2 hours; Step S17: The preparation method of phase change thermal storage microcapsules is as follows: paraffin with a melting point of 70°C is emulsified with octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether at a weight ratio of 60:3.6 to form a water-in-oil emulsion, and then reacted with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate and ethylenediamine at a weight ratio of 12:2:1 at 70°C for 2 hours.

[0041] Example 2: A high wear-resistant lubricating oil, comprising by weight: 85 parts base oil, 3 parts shape memory polymer, 2 parts metal-based shape memory alloy, 0.05 parts functionalized graphene, 0.5 parts self-cleaning additive, 5 parts nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy, and 2 parts phase change heat storage microcapsules.

[0042] The shape memory polymer is a star-shaped polyurethane with a hyperbranched polyetheramine core and polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer as the soft segment. The number average molecular weight ratio of polycaprolactone to polyethylene glycol in the soft segment is 3:1. The hard segment contains 25 wt% hexamethylene diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol chain extender.

[0043] The metal-based shape memory alloy is a CuAlMnNb alloy treated with plasma nitriding. The nitriding layer is 5μm thick, the surface hardness is HV500, the Nb content is 0.5%, and the particle size distribution meets the requirements of D10 being 3μm, D50 being 10μm, and D90 being 35μm.

[0044] Functionalized graphene is phosphate-functionalized graphene with a sheet size of 1 μm. It forms a copper phosphate whisker network with Cu²⁺ in metal-based shape memory alloys and forms hydrogen bonds with the amino groups of shape memory polyurethane.

[0045] The self-cleaning additive is a graft product of visible light responsive tin disulfide and shape memory polymer. The tin disulfide has a particle size of 50 nm, a grafting rate of 15%, and an oil sludge degradation rate of 0.02 mg / h. The base oil is a blend of polyalphaolefin and pentaerythritol ester in a weight ratio of 3:1, wherein the kinematic viscosity of the polyalphaolefin at 100°C is 28 mm² / s. The nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy has a particle size of 8μm. After modification with silane coupling agent KH560, it has a shape recovery rate of 4% under a magnetic field of 0.1T and a dispersion stability of up to 90 days without sedimentation. The phase change thermal storage microcapsule has a polyurea-coated paraffin structure with a diameter of 5 μm. The paraffin has a melting point of 70℃ and releases latent heat when the frictional temperature rise exceeds 60℃.

[0046] The preparation method of high wear-resistant lubricating oil includes the following steps: Step S1: Preparation of base oil, shape memory polymer, metal-based shape memory alloy, functionalized graphene, self-cleaning additive, nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy and phase change thermal storage microcapsules; Step S2: Add the shape memory polymer to the base oil, and simultaneously add the nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy. Disperse the mixture ultrasonically at 300W for 15 minutes to obtain a pre-dispersion. Step S3: Add metal-based shape memory alloy, functionalized graphene and self-cleaning additive to the pre-dispersion liquid, and perform high-pressure homogenization treatment at 80MPa for 20 minutes. Add phase change thermal storage microcapsules 5 minutes before the end of the high-pressure homogenization treatment, and continue homogenization until the treatment is completed after 20 minutes. Step S4: Stir the mixture obtained in step S3 at 60°C for 30 minutes, raise the temperature to 80°C and continue stirring for 60 minutes, then lower the temperature to 60°C and stir for 30 minutes to obtain a high wear-resistant lubricating oil.

[0047] Step S1 also includes the following steps: Step S11: The base oil is prepared by mixing poly-α-olefin and pentaerythritol ester at a weight ratio of 3:1 at 60°C for 30 minutes until homogeneous. The kinematic viscosity of the poly-α-olefin at 100°C is 28 mm² / s.

[0048] Step S12: The preparation method of shape memory polymer includes the synthesis of hyperbranched polyetheramine core, the preparation of polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer and the polymerization of star-shaped topological polyurethane. The synthesis method of hyperbranched polyetheramine core is as follows: the diepoxy functional group monomer and the tetraamine are dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide at a molar ratio of 3:1, and polycondensation reaction is carried out at 60°C for 5 hours under nitrogen protection. The solvent is removed by vacuum distillation. The preparation method of polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer is as follows: polyethylene glycol with a number average molecular weight of 2000 is used as an initiator and ε-caprolactone is subjected to ring-opening polymerization at 120°C for 12 hours. The polymerization method of star-shaped topological polyurethane is as follows: a hyperbranched polyetheramine core and a polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer are dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide, hexamethylene diisocyanate and stannous octoate are added, and after reacting at 75°C for 6 hours, 1,4-butanediol chain extender is added dropwise and the reaction is continued for 4 hours. The product is obtained by ethanol precipitation and vacuum drying.

[0049] Step S13: The preparation method of metal-based shape memory alloy is as follows: Cu is 82%, Al is 10%, Mn is 3%, and Nb is 0.5% by weight percentage. The alloy is vacuum induction melted at 1200℃ for 2 hours, solution treated at 800℃ for 4 hours, water quenched, crushed and screened, and then subjected to cold isostatic pressing at 200MPa. Finally, it is plasma nitrided at 450℃ and 10Pa pressure in an atmosphere with a nitrogen-argon volume ratio of 1:1 for 3 hours. Step S14: The preparation method of functionalized graphene is as follows: graphene oxide with a sheet size of 1 μm and dioctyl phosphate are reacted with xylene and water at a weight ratio of 1:3 for 6 hours at 150°C. Step S15: The self-cleaning additive is prepared by hydrothermal reaction of SnCl4•5H2O and thiourea at a molar ratio of 1:2 at 180°C for 12 hours to obtain tin disulfide, and then reacting it with star-shaped shape memory polyurethane at a weight ratio of 1:5 at 70°C for 8 hours under the initiation of azobisisobutyronitrile.

[0050] Step S16: The preparation method of nickel-titanium-niobium magneto-controlled shape memory alloy is as follows: Ti is 43%, Ni is 45.3% and Nb is 5% by weight. The alloy is melted three times under argon protection, hot rolled at 900℃ and then air-jet pulverized to obtain powder. The powder is then treated with 5% by mass of silane coupling agent KH560 ethanol solution at 80℃ for 2 hours. Step S17: The preparation method of phase change thermal storage microcapsules is as follows: paraffin with a melting point of 70°C is emulsified with octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether at a weight ratio of 60:3.6 to form a water-in-oil emulsion, and then reacted with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate and ethylenediamine at a weight ratio of 12:2:1 at 70°C for 2 hours.

[0051] Example 3: A high wear-resistant lubricating oil, comprising by weight: 92 parts base oil, 5 parts shape memory polymer, 4 parts metal-based shape memory alloy, 0.1 parts functionalized graphene, 1 part self-cleaning additive, 8 parts nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy, and 3 parts phase change heat storage microcapsules.

[0052] The shape memory polymer is a star-shaped polyurethane with a hyperbranched polyetheramine core and polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer as soft segments. The number average molecular weight ratio of polycaprolactone to polyethylene glycol in the soft segments is 3:1. The hard segments contain 30 wt% hexamethylene diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol chain extender.

[0053] The metal-based shape memory alloy is a CuAlMnNb alloy treated with plasma nitriding. The nitriding layer is 8 μm thick, the surface hardness is HV500, the Nb content is 0.8%, and the particle size distribution meets the requirements of D10 being 5 μm, D50 being 14 μm, and D90 being 40 μm.

[0054] Functionalized graphene is phosphate-functionalized graphene with a sheet size of 3μm. It forms a copper phosphate whisker network with Cu²⁺ in metal-based shape memory alloys and forms hydrogen bonds with the amino groups of shape memory polyurethane.

[0055] The self-cleaning additive is a graft product of visible light responsive tin disulfide and shape memory polymer. The tin disulfide has a particle size of 80nm, a grafting rate of 20%, and an oil sludge degradation rate of 0.02mg / h. The base oil is a blend of polyalphaolefin and pentaerythritol ester in a weight ratio of 3:1, wherein the kinematic viscosity of the polyalphaolefin at 100°C is 32 mm² / s. The nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy has a particle size of 12μm. After modification with silane coupling agent KH560, it has a shape recovery rate of 5% under a magnetic field of 0.3T and a dispersion stability of up to 90 days without sedimentation. The phase change thermal storage microcapsule has a polyurea-coated paraffin structure with a diameter of 10 μm. The paraffin has a melting point of 70℃ and releases latent heat when the frictional temperature rise exceeds 60℃.

[0056] The preparation method of high wear-resistant lubricating oil includes the following steps: Step S1: Preparation of base oil, shape memory polymer, metal-based shape memory alloy, functionalized graphene, self-cleaning additive, nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy and phase change thermal storage microcapsules; Step S2: Add the shape memory polymer to the base oil, and simultaneously add the nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy. Disperse the mixture ultrasonically at 300W for 15 minutes to obtain a pre-dispersion. Step S3: Add metal-based shape memory alloy, functionalized graphene and self-cleaning additive to the pre-dispersion liquid, and perform high-pressure homogenization treatment at 80MPa for 20 minutes. Add phase change thermal storage microcapsules 5 minutes before the end of the high-pressure homogenization treatment, and continue homogenization until the treatment is completed after 20 minutes. Step S4: Stir the mixture obtained in step S3 at 60°C for 30 minutes, raise the temperature to 80°C and continue stirring for 60 minutes, then lower the temperature to 60°C and stir for 30 minutes to obtain a high wear-resistant lubricating oil.

[0057] Step S1 also includes the following steps: Step S11: The base oil is prepared by mixing poly-α-olefin and pentaerythritol ester at a weight ratio of 3:1 at 60°C for 30 minutes until homogeneous. The kinematic viscosity of the poly-α-olefin at 100°C is 32 mm² / s.

[0058] Step S12: The preparation method of shape memory polymer includes the synthesis of hyperbranched polyetheramine core, the preparation of polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer and the polymerization of star-shaped topological polyurethane. The synthesis method of hyperbranched polyetheramine core is as follows: a diepoxy functional group monomer and a tetraamine are dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide at a molar ratio of 3:1, and polycondensation reaction is carried out at 80°C for 8 hours under nitrogen protection. The solvent is removed by vacuum distillation. The preparation method of polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer is as follows: polyethylene glycol with a number average molecular weight of 2000 is used as an initiator and ε-caprolactone is subjected to ring-opening polymerization at 120°C for 16 hours. The polymerization method of star-shaped topological polyurethane is as follows: a hyperbranched polyetheramine core and a polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer are dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide, hexamethylene diisocyanate and stannous octoate are added, and the mixture is reacted at 85°C for 6 hours. Then, 1,4-butanediol chain extender is added dropwise and the reaction is continued for 4 hours. The product is obtained by ethanol precipitation and vacuum drying.

[0059] Step S13: The preparation method of metal-based shape memory alloy is as follows: Cu is 85%, Al is 12%, Mn is 5%, and Nb is 0.8% by weight percentage. The alloy is vacuum induction melted at 1300℃ for 2 hours, solution treated at 800℃ for 4 hours, water quenched, crushed and screened, and then subjected to cold isostatic pressing at 200MPa. Finally, it is plasma nitrided at 500℃ and 20Pa pressure for 4 hours in an atmosphere with a nitrogen-argon volume ratio of 1:1. Step S14: The preparation method of functionalized graphene is as follows: graphene oxide with a sheet size of 3μm and dioctyl phosphate are reacted with xylene and water at a weight ratio of 1:3 for 6 hours at 150°C. Step S15: The self-cleaning additive is prepared by hydrothermal reaction of SnCl4•5H2O and thiourea at a molar ratio of 1:2 at 180°C for 12 hours to obtain tin disulfide, and then reacting it with star-shaped shape memory polyurethane at a weight ratio of 1:5 at 70°C for 8 hours under the initiation of azobisisobutyronitrile.

[0060] Step S16: The preparation method of nickel-titanium-niobium magneto-controlled shape memory alloy is as follows: by weight percentage, Ti is 46%, Ni is 48.5% and Nb is 10%, which are arc melted 4 times under argon protection, hot rolled at 900℃ and then air-jet pulverized to obtain powder, and then treated with 5% by mass of silane coupling agent KH560 ethanol solution at 80℃ for 2 hours. Step S17: The preparation method of phase change thermal storage microcapsules is as follows: paraffin with a melting point of 70°C is emulsified with octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether at a weight ratio of 60:3.6 to form a water-in-oil emulsion, and then reacted with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate and ethylenediamine at a weight ratio of 12:2:1 at 70°C for 2 hours.

[0061] Comparative Example 1 differs from Example 1 in that no shape memory polymer was added, while the other raw materials and preparation process are the same.

[0062] Comparative Example 2 differs from Example 1 in that the metal-based shape memory alloy was not subjected to plasma nitriding treatment, while the other raw materials and preparation processes are the same.

[0063] Comparative Example 3 differs from Example 1 in that it does not contain nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy, while the other raw materials and preparation process are the same.

[0064] Comparative Example 4 differs from Example 1 in that it does not contain phase change thermal storage microcapsules and self-cleaning additives, while the other raw materials and preparation process are the same.

[0065] The high wear-resistant lubricating oils treated in Examples 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3 and 4 were subjected to performance tests. The test items included wear resistance, extreme pressure performance, coefficient of friction, high temperature stability, sludge deposition, and dispersion stability. Wear resistance: The wear scar diameter and wear life were tested using a four-ball friction tester under a load of 392N. Extreme pressure performance: The maximum non-seize load (PB value) and sintering load (PD value) were measured by a four-ball machine. Coefficient of friction: Measured using a reciprocating friction and wear tester under a load of 50 N and a frequency of 1 Hz; High temperature stability: After being placed at 100℃ for 100 hours, the change rate of kinematic viscosity was measured; Oil sludge deposition: The amount of oil sludge precipitated was measured after 500 hours of operation under simulated conditions; Dispersion stability: After standing for 90 days, observe the sedimentation and determine the proportion of supernatant.

[0066] The test data obtained from the performance test is recorded in Table 1 below: Test Project Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 Wear scar diameter (mm) 0.38 0.42 0.36 0.65 0.51 0.45 0.48 Wear life (h) 580 520 610 320 410 500 450 PB value (N) 1280 1150 1350 920 1050 1200 1180 PD value (N) 3650 3300 3800 2500 2900 3400 3350 coefficient of friction 0.032 0.035 0.030 0.058 0.045 0.038 0.036 kinematic viscosity change rate (%) 3.2 3.8 2.9 4.5 4.1 3.5 8.6 Oil sludge deposition amount (mg) 12 15 10 18 16 14 45 Supernatant percentage (%) 98 96 99 95 94 82 97 The performance data of the comparative examples and the comparative examples show that, in terms of wear resistance and extreme pressure performance, the wear scar diameter of Examples 1, 2 and 3 is significantly smaller than that of the comparative examples, the wear life is longer and the extreme pressure performance is better.

[0067] Comparative example 1 shows that the wear scar diameter increases and the wear life decreases when the shape memory polymer is missing, indicating that the synergistic protection system of shape memory polymer and metal-based shape memory alloy is the key to improving wear resistance.

[0068] In the comparative example, the metal-based alloy without nitriding showed a decrease in PD value, indicating that the high-hardness surface layer formed by plasma nitriding can effectively enhance extreme pressure performance and prevent oil film rupture under high stress.

[0069] Regarding the coefficient of friction and dispersion stability, the coefficients of friction of Examples 1, 2 and 3 are all lower than those of Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4. This is due to the copper phosphate whisker network formed by functionalized graphene and metal ions and the hydrogen bonding effect, which optimizes the friction state of the lubrication interface.

[0070] Regarding dispersion stability, the proportion of supernatant decreased in Comparative Example 3 due to the absence of nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron alloy, while the dispersion stability of Examples 1, 2 and 3 was significantly greater than that of the Comparative Example due to the modification effect of the magnetron alloy, indicating that sedimentation can be suppressed by fine adjustment of the magnetic field.

[0071] Regarding high-temperature stability and sludge control, the kinematic viscosity change rate of Examples 1, 2, and 3 at 100℃ was lower than that of Comparative Example 4. This is closely related to the temperature regulation effect of the phase change thermal storage microcapsules. As for the amount of sludge deposited, Comparative Example 4 lacked self-cleaning additives and phase change microcapsules, and the amount of sludge was much higher than that of Examples 1, 2, and 3. This confirms that the photocatalytic degradation ability of the self-cleaning additives and the synergistic effect of the phase change microcapsules in resisting high-temperature oxidation can significantly extend the oil change cycle.

[0072] By comparing and analyzing the relevant data in the table, it can be seen that the present invention, through reasonable compounding and synergistic effects among its components, significantly improves the wear resistance, extreme pressure performance, friction characteristics, and long-term stability of the lubricating oil. This indicates that the high-wear-resistant lubricating oil and its preparation method provided by the present invention have a broader market prospect and are more suitable for widespread application.

[0073] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an experiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that experiment or example is included in at least one experiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same experiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more experiments or examples.

[0074] The preferred experiments disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred experiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to any specific embodiments. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these experiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize it. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-wear-resistant lubricating oil, characterized in that, By weight, it includes: 85-92 parts base oil, 3-5 parts shape memory polymer, 2-4 parts metal-based shape memory alloy, 0.05-0.1 parts functionalized graphene, 0.5-1 parts self-cleaning additive, 5-8 parts nickel-titanium-niobium magneto-controlled shape memory alloy, and 2-3 parts phase change heat storage microcapsules.

2. The high wear-resistant lubricating oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape memory polymer is a star-shaped topological structure shape memory polyurethane with hyperbranched polyetheramine as the core and polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer as the soft segment. The number average molecular weight ratio of polycaprolactone to polyethylene glycol in the soft segment is 3:1, and the hard segment contains 25wt%-30wt% hexamethylene diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol chain extender.

3. The high wear-resistant lubricating oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal-based shape memory alloy is a CuAlMnNb alloy treated with plasma nitriding, with a nitriding layer thickness of 5μm to 8μm, a surface hardness of HV500, a Nb content of 0.5% to 0.8%, and a particle size distribution satisfying D10 of 3μm to 5μm, D50 of 10μm to 14μm, and D90 of 35μm to 40μm.

4. The high wear-resistant lubricating oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functionalized graphene is phosphate-functionalized graphene with sheet sizes of 1μm to 3μm, similar to Cu in metal-based shape memory alloys. 2 + Forms a copper phosphate whisker network and forms hydrogen bonds with the amino groups of shape memory polyurethane.

5. The high wear-resistant lubricating oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The self-cleaning additive is a graft product of visible light responsive tin disulfide and shape memory polymer, with tin disulfide particle size of 50-80 nm, grafting rate of 15%-20%, and sludge degradation rate of 0.02 mg / h. The base oil is a compound of polyalphaolefin and pentaerythritol ester in a weight ratio of 3:1, wherein the kinematic viscosity of the polyalphaolefin at 100°C is 28 mm² / s to 32 mm² / s. The nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy has a particle size of 8μm to 12μm. After being modified with silane coupling agent KH560, it has a shape recovery rate of 4% to 5% under a magnetic field of 0.1T to 0.3T and a dispersion stability of up to 90 days without sedimentation. The phase change thermal storage microcapsules have a polyurea-coated paraffin structure with a diameter of 5μm to 10μm. The paraffin has a melting point of 70℃ and releases latent heat when the frictional temperature rise exceeds 60℃.

6. A method for preparing a high wear-resistant lubricating oil, applicable to the high wear-resistant lubricating oil according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The preparation method of high wear-resistant lubricating oil includes the following steps: Step S1: Preparation of base oil, shape memory polymer, metal-based shape memory alloy, functionalized graphene, self-cleaning additive, nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy and phase change thermal storage microcapsules; Step S2: Add the shape memory polymer to the base oil, and simultaneously add the nickel-titanium-niobium magnetron shape memory alloy. Disperse the mixture ultrasonically at 300W for 15 minutes to obtain a pre-dispersion. Step S3: Add metal-based shape memory alloy, functionalized graphene and self-cleaning additive to the pre-dispersion liquid, and perform high-pressure homogenization treatment at 80MPa for 20 minutes. Add phase change thermal storage microcapsules 5 minutes before the end of the high-pressure homogenization treatment, and continue homogenization until the treatment is completed after 20 minutes. Step S4: Stir the mixture obtained in step S3 at 60°C for 30 minutes, raise the temperature to 80°C and continue stirring for 60 minutes, then lower the temperature to 60°C and stir for 30 minutes to obtain the high wear-resistant lubricating oil.

7. The method for preparing a high-wear-resistant lubricating oil according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step S1 also includes the following steps: Step S11: The base oil is prepared by mixing polyalphaolefin and pentaerythritol ester at a weight ratio of 3:1 at 60°C for 30 minutes until homogeneous. The kinematic viscosity of the polyalphaolefin at 100°C is 28 mmHg. 2 / s~32mm 2 / s.

8. The method for preparing a high-wear-resistant lubricating oil according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step S1 also includes the following steps: Step S12: The method for preparing the shape memory polymer includes the synthesis of hyperbranched polyetheramine core, the preparation of polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer, and the polymerization of star-shaped topological polyurethane. The synthesis method of hyperbranched polyetheramine core is as follows: the diepoxy functional group monomer and the tetraamine are dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide at a molar ratio of 3:1, and the polycondensation reaction is carried out at 60℃~80℃ for 5 hours~8 hours under nitrogen protection, and the solvent is removed by vacuum distillation. The preparation method of polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer is as follows: polyethylene glycol with a number average molecular weight of 2000 is used as an initiator, and ε-caprolactone is subjected to ring-opening polymerization at 120°C for 12 to 16 hours. The polymerization method of star-shaped topological polyurethane is as follows: a hyperbranched polyetheramine core and a polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol block copolymer are dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide, hexamethylene diisocyanate and stannous octoate are added, and the mixture is reacted at 75℃~85℃ for 6 hours. Then, 1,4-butanediol chain extender is added dropwise and the reaction is continued for 4 hours. The product is obtained by ethanol precipitation and vacuum drying.

9. The method for preparing a high-wear-resistant lubricating oil according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step S1 also includes the following steps: Step S13: The preparation method of the metal-based shape memory alloy is as follows: Cu is 82% to 85% by weight, Al is 10% to 12%, Mn is 3% to 5%, and Nb is 0.5% to 0.8%. The alloy is then vacuum induction melted at 1200℃ to 1300℃ for 2 hours, solution treated at 800℃ for 4 hours, water quenched, crushed and screened, and subjected to cold isostatic pressing at 200MPa. Finally, it is plasma nitrided at 450℃ to 500℃ and 10Pa to 20Pa pressure for 3 to 4 hours in an atmosphere with a nitrogen-argon volume ratio of 1:

1. Step S14: The preparation method of the functionalized graphene is as follows: graphene oxide with a sheet size of 1-3 μm and dioctyl phosphate are reacted with xylene and water at a weight ratio of 1:3 for 6 hours at 150°C. Step S15: The self-cleaning additive is prepared by hydrothermal reaction of SnCl4•5H2O and thiourea at a molar ratio of 1:2 at 180°C for 12 hours to obtain tin disulfide, and then reacting it with star-shaped shape memory polyurethane at a weight ratio of 1:5 at 70°C for 8 hours under the initiation of azobisisobutyronitrile.

10. The method for preparing a high-wear-resistant lubricating oil according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step S1 also includes the following steps: Step S16: The preparation method of the nickel-titanium-niobium magneto-controlled shape memory alloy is as follows: by weight percentage, Ti is 43% to 46%, Ni is 45.3% to 48.5% and Nb is 5% to 10%. The alloy is then subjected to arc melting 3 to 4 times under argon protection, hot rolling at 900°C, and then air-jet pulverization to obtain powder. The powder is then treated with 5% by mass of silane coupling agent KH560 ethanol solution at 80°C for 2 hours. Step S17: The preparation method of the phase change thermal storage microcapsule is as follows: paraffin with a melting point of 70°C and octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether are emulsified at a weight ratio of 60:3.6 to form a water-in-oil emulsion, and then reacted with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate and ethylenediamine at a weight ratio of 12:2:1 at 70°C for 2 hours.