A tractor-mounted soil compactness profile measuring device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural engineering test equipment, and particularly discloses a tractor-mounted soil compactness profile measurement device, which solves the problems that the existing traditional test process is easily affected by unstable manual operation, and the transverse measuring point is not adjustable and the profile distribution data cannot be quickly obtained. The device comprises a three-point suspension connection system, a transverse adjustment guide rail assembly, a mounting bearing frame, a hydraulic drive mechanism, a compactness detection assembly and a data acquisition system. The three-point suspension connection system is hung on the tail of the tractor through a triangular stabilizing structure. The transverse adjustment guide rail assembly adopts a multi-section short movable guide rail splicing structure for flexible adjustment of the measurement section width. The mounting bearing frame is slidably sleeved on the guide rail to realize transverse step adjustment of the measuring point. The hydraulic drive mechanism controls the penetration speed through the variable speed adjustment mode of the hydraulic control assembly. The compactness detection assembly cooperates with the data acquisition system to output the corresponding relationship curve of soil compactness and depth in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural engineering testing equipment, specifically relating to a tractor-mounted testing device for measuring soil compaction in the field. Background Technology

[0002] In the process of modern intensive agricultural production, with the continuous improvement of tractor power and weight, soil compaction during operation has become increasingly serious. Excessive compaction will destroy the original pore structure of the soil, leading to an increase in soil bulk density. This not only inhibits the deep penetration of crop roots, but also hinders water transport and nutrient cycling, thereby reducing the crop's ability to absorb water and fertilizer, and affecting the crop's growth environment and yield.

[0003] Soil compaction (soil firmness) is a core parameter for quantifying the degree of soil compaction, reflecting the structure of arable land, and assessing the resistance to crop root growth. Its accurate measurement is a key prerequisite for scientifically assessing the physical properties of farmland soil, optimizing agricultural machinery operation parameters, and ensuring the sustainable use of arable land.

[0004] Currently, commonly used methods for measuring soil compaction both domestically and internationally fall into two main categories: "handheld" and "simple mounted." Handheld penetrators rely on manual application of penetration force, making it difficult to maintain a stable penetration speed. The instability of the mechanical application method leads to significant testing errors. Furthermore, they can only perform single-point measurements, resulting in low efficiency and an inability to quickly obtain soil compaction distribution data for the same profile or multiple test areas. They are also difficult to operate in high-hardness soils (such as the plow pan) and require significant labor. Simple mounted measuring devices, while eliminating purely manual operation, generally suffer from insufficient flexibility in adjusting lateral measuring points, poor installation stability, and low precision in controlling penetration depth and force. They struggle to meet the precise measurement needs of complex farmland terrain and lack standardized structural design, limiting their adaptability and practicality.

[0005] The existing technology has the following main problems: Insufficient stability of mechanical application: Manual operation relies on experience to control the penetration force and speed, and lacks a standardized power output mechanism, resulting in poor repeatability and reliability of measurement data, making it difficult to quantitatively restore the true compaction state of the soil. The flexibility of measuring point layout is lacking: Traditional devices are mostly fixed single-point measurements, and the spacing between transverse measuring points cannot be flexibly adjusted, making it difficult to achieve systematic monitoring of multiple measuring points on the same profile and unable to fully reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of soil compaction. In-situ measurements are subject to significant disturbance: manual operation can easily damage the soil structure around the measuring point, and the installation and positioning accuracy of the simple mounting device is insufficient, resulting in the measurement data failing to accurately reflect the in-situ compaction of the soil. Low adaptability and efficiency: Existing devices are difficult to adapt to different models of tractors, and the measurement process requires frequent manual intervention, resulting in low operating efficiency and failing to meet the actual needs of rapid detection in large-scale farmland. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a tractor-mounted soil compaction profile measuring device, which is a testing device that can efficiently obtain soil compaction profiles under external power conditions, providing data support for farmland tillage quality evaluation and agricultural machinery parameter optimization.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the basic technical solution proposed by this invention is as follows: A tractor-mounted soil compaction profile measuring device includes: A three-point suspension connection system is used to attach the device to the rear of the tractor and provide stable support for the overall structure. A lateral adjustment guide rail assembly is installed behind the three-point suspension connection system. The lateral adjustment guide rail assembly includes multiple interlocking guide rail units to adjust the lateral measurement span according to the width of the measurement cross-section. A mounting frame is slidably fitted onto the lateral adjustment guide rail assembly and locks the measurement points in the lateral direction through a positioning mechanism to achieve lateral step adjustment of multiple measurement points within the same cross-section. A hydraulic drive mechanism is fixedly installed on the mounting frame. The hydraulic drive mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder and a speed regulation component to drive the penetration component to press vertically downward at a preset constant rate. A compaction detection component is slidably installed on the guide structure of the hydraulic drive mechanism. The compaction detection component includes a soil compaction meter cone and a depth monitoring component for real-time monitoring of the penetration depth. A data acquisition system is connected to the soil compaction meter cone and the depth monitoring component to acquire and couple the penetration force and depth signals at different lateral points in real time, outputting spatial distribution data of the soil compaction profile.

[0008] Preferably, the three-point suspension connection system includes a three-point suspension connection frame. The upper end of the three-point suspension connection frame is provided with an upper tractor attachment point, and the lower end is symmetrically provided with two lower tractor attachment points. The mounting with the tractor is achieved through the triangular stable structure formed by the upper tractor attachment point and the two lower tractor attachment points.

[0009] Preferably, the lateral adjustment guide rail assembly includes two parallel lateral moving guide rails, and the upper and lower sides of the mounting support frame are respectively provided with an upper slide rail and a lower slide rail. The upper slide rail, the lower slide rail and the lateral moving guide rail are connected by a rolling support structure. A hydraulic cylinder is installed on the support frame, and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to a hydraulic rod.

[0010] Preferably, the positioning mechanism enables equal or non-equal step adjustment on the transverse moving guide rail to set discretely distributed measurement points within the same cross-section. Furthermore, existing mounted devices cannot achieve rapid step switching between multiple measurement points within the same working width without moving the tractor.

[0011] Preferably, the speed regulation component includes a hydraulic control handle, which has multiple preset speed adjustment modes to adjust the lifting speed of the hydraulic rod under different soil hardness conditions by controlling the hydraulic flow output.

[0012] Preferably, the compaction testing component includes a sleeve, the lower end of which is fixedly connected to the cone of the soil compaction instrument. The hydraulic cylinder has symmetrical slide rail grooves on both sides. The slide rail grooves are connected to the sleeve of the compaction testing component by a wear-resistant guide, and the wear-resistant guide is made of a wear-resistant and self-lubricating material.

[0013] Preferably, the soil compaction meter cone has a built-in penetration force collector, and the lower end of the sleeve is fixedly connected to the soil compaction meter cone.

[0014] Preferably, the depth monitoring component includes a ranging baffle, which is fixedly installed at the bottom of the mounting support frame and has a clearance hole for the cone of the soil compaction meter to pass through; the ranging baffle integrates a displacement measurement sensor for real-time monitoring of the penetration depth of the cone.

[0015] Preferably, the data acquisition system includes a data acquisition module, and the hydraulic drive mechanism is provided with a linkage component that is synchronized with the displacement of the hydraulic rod. The lower end of the linkage component is fixedly connected to the data acquisition module to maintain the stability of signal acquisition and transmission during the penetration process.

[0016] Preferably, the linkage component is made of rigid material, and the data acquisition module has a built-in data processing unit for spatially coupling the acquired mechanical signal and depth signal, and outputting a curve or contour map showing the relationship between soil compaction and penetration depth.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: High measurement accuracy and good repeatability: The hydraulic drive mechanism replaces manual application of penetration force, and with the adjustable speed control mode, the measurement process is standardized, human interference is eliminated, and the true state of the soil is quantitatively restored.

[0018] Strong spatial distribution characterization capability: The modular splicing guide rail and step-by-step positioning frame enable precise adjustment of lateral measuring points, which can efficiently acquire multi-dimensional compaction data within the same cross section and comprehensively reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of soil compaction.

[0019] In-situ measurement with minimal disturbance and wide adaptability: Through triangular stabilization mounting and precision guide design, the cone head is ensured to penetrate vertically, minimizing damage to the soil around the measuring point; at the same time, the standardized mounting interface can be adapted to various tractor models to meet the operational needs of different farmland environments. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rear view structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a front view of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the mounting frame of the present invention moved to one side of the lateral moving guide rail.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Three-point suspension connection frame; 2. Lateral movement guide rail; 3. Upper tractor attachment point; 4. Lower tractor attachment point; 5. Short movement guide rail; 6. Connecting bolts; 7. Mounting load-bearing frame; 8. Upper slide rail; 9. Lower slide rail; 10. Hydraulic cylinder; 11. Hydraulic rod; 12. Sleeve; 13. Data acquisition module; 14. Soil compaction meter cone; 15. Distance measuring baffle; 16. Slide rail groove; 17. Hydraulic control handle; 18. Connecting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The following will be combined with the appendix Figure 1 To be continued Figure 4 The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have been clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the present invention discloses a tractor-mounted soil compaction profile measuring device, the structure of which includes a three-point suspension connection system, a lateral adjustment guide rail assembly, a mounting and bearing frame, a hydraulic drive mechanism, a compaction detection assembly, and a data acquisition system.

[0024] The three-point suspension connection system includes a three-point suspension connection frame 1, with an upper tractor attachment point 3 at the upper end and symmetrical lower tractor attachment points 4 at the lower end. The frame is attached to the rear of the tractor via a triangular stabilizing structure of the upper and lower attachment points. The attachment points adopt a standardized pin structure, which can be adjusted to adapt to different mounting interfaces, ensuring that the longitudinal angle between the device and the tractor after mounting is controlled within a preset range (e.g., ≤5°), maintaining mechanical stability during the measurement process.

[0025] The lateral adjustment guide rail assembly includes multiple short, interlocking movable guide rails 5. Adjacent guide rail units are fixed together by connecting bolts 6 to form a complete lateral movable guide rail 2. Single guide rail segments can be flexibly spliced ​​according to measurement requirements (e.g., 50cm or 100cm specifications) to accommodate measurement cross-sectional widths within a range of 1-3m, ensuring smooth lateral displacement of the installation support frame. The guide rail surface is treated with rust prevention to adapt to field operating environments. The specific parameters in the above embodiments are only preferred options; equivalent adjustments made by those skilled in the art based on actual needs still fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0026] The mounting frame 7 is slidably mounted on the transverse moving guide rail 2, and engages with the guide rail edge via upper and lower sliding rails 8 and 9. A rolling support structure (such as a rolling bearing) connects the sliding rail and the guide rail to reduce movement resistance. The frame is equipped with a positioning mechanism that allows for transverse step adjustment of the measuring points (e.g., step distance accurate to 10cm), and precise positioning is achieved through a locking mechanism, meeting the requirements for deploying multiple measuring points on the same cross-section.

[0027] The hydraulic drive mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder 10 and a hydraulic rod 11 mounted on the frame 7. A speed control component (such as a hydraulic control handle 17) is provided on the side of the hydraulic cylinder. This component has multiple adjustment modes to precisely control the lifting speed and stroke of the hydraulic rod 11, ensuring standardization of the penetration process. Symmetrical slide rail grooves 16, parallel to the hydraulic rod, are provided on both sides of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0028] The compaction testing component includes a sleeve 12, a soil compaction meter cone 14, and a distance measuring baffle 15. The sleeve 12 slides back and forth within a slide rail groove 16, with a self-lubricating wear-resistant bushing between them to ensure the straightness of the sleeve's vertical movement and avoid measurement errors caused by tilting. The cone 14 has a built-in penetration force acquisition device for collecting soil resistance signals. The distance measuring baffle 15 is fixed to the bottom of the frame, has a through hole for the cone to pass through, and integrates depth monitoring components (such as a distance measuring instrument and a displacement measurement unit) for accurately monitoring the penetration depth.

[0029] The data acquisition system includes a data acquisition module 13 fixed on the sleeve 12, which integrates a control unit and a data acquisition host, and is connected to the cone head 14 and depth monitoring components via signal transmission. A displacement synchronization connecting rod 18, made of rigid material, is mounted on the hydraulic rod 11, with its lower end fixed to the data acquisition module 13 to eliminate signal acquisition disturbances during penetration and ensure stability. The system supports real-time data storage and export, and can output spatial distribution curves of soil compaction and depth.

[0030] The working process of this device is as follows: Assembly and adjustment: As required, splice the short moving guide rails 5 to assemble them into the transverse moving guide rails 2, and then mount the mounting frame 7 onto it.

[0031] Stable mounting: The device is stably mounted on the rear of the tractor through three-point suspension points, and the spacing is adjusted to ensure verticality.

[0032] Initial positioning: Move the tractor to the measuring point, slide the load-bearing frame 7 to determine the position of the first lateral measuring point and lock it.

[0033] Variable speed penetration: Operate the variable speed control component to select the appropriate lifting speed according to the soil hardness, and drive the cone 14 to penetrate the soil.

[0034] Signal coupling: Real-time synchronous acquisition of penetration force signals and depth signals, and preliminary data processing.

[0035] Profile cycle: After completing a single-point measurement, raise the cone head, step laterally to the next point, and repeat the above process to complete the profile measurement.

[0036] Results Export: After the measurement is completed, export the data to obtain the soil compaction profile distribution results.

[0037] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, although some specific terms are used in this specification, these terms are only for convenience of explanation and do not constitute any limitation on the present invention.

Claims

1. A tractor-mounted soil compaction profile measuring device, comprising: The three-point suspension connection system is used to attach the device to the rear of the tractor and provide stable support for the overall structure; A lateral adjustment guide rail assembly is installed behind the three-point suspension connection system. The lateral adjustment guide rail assembly includes multiple interlocking guide rail units, which are used to adjust the lateral measurement span according to the width of the measurement section. Install the support frame (7), slide the fitting on the transverse adjustment guide rail assembly, and lock the measurement point in the transverse direction through the positioning mechanism to achieve transverse step adjustment of multiple measurement points in the same section; A hydraulic drive mechanism is fixedly installed on the mounting support frame (7). The hydraulic drive mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder (10) and a speed regulation component, which is used to drive the penetrating component to press down vertically at a preset constant rate. The compaction testing component is slidably mounted on the guide structure of the hydraulic drive mechanism. The compaction testing component includes a soil compaction meter cone (14) and a depth monitoring component for real-time monitoring of the penetration depth. The data acquisition system is connected to the soil compaction meter cone (14) and the depth monitoring component respectively, and is used to acquire and couple the penetration force signal and depth signal at different lateral positions in real time, and output the spatial distribution data of the soil compaction profile.

2. The tractor-mounted soil compaction profile measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-point suspension connection system includes a three-point suspension connection frame (1). The upper end of the three-point suspension connection frame (1) is provided with an upper tractor attachment point (3), and the lower end is provided with two lower tractor attachment points (4) symmetrically. The tractor is attached to the system through the triangular stable structure formed by the upper tractor attachment point (3) and the two lower tractor attachment points (4).

3. The tractor-mounted soil compaction profile measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lateral adjustment guide rail assembly includes two parallel lateral moving guide rails (2). The upper and lower sides of the mounting support frame (7) are respectively provided with an upper slide rail (8) and a lower slide rail (9). The upper slide rail (8), the lower slide rail (9) and the lateral moving guide rail (2) are connected by a rolling support structure. A hydraulic cylinder (10) is installed on the support frame (7). The output end of the hydraulic cylinder (10) is connected to a hydraulic rod (11).

4. The tractor-mounted soil compaction profile measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The positioning mechanism enables equal or non-equal step adjustment on the transverse moving guide rail (2) to set discretely distributed measurement points within the same profile.

5. A tractor-mounted soil compaction profile measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The speed regulation component includes a hydraulic control handle (17), which has multiple preset speed adjustment modes to adjust the lifting speed of the hydraulic rod (11) under different soil hardness environments by controlling the hydraulic flow output.

6. A tractor-mounted soil compaction profile measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The compaction testing component includes a sleeve (12), the lower end of which is fixedly connected to the cone (14) of the soil compaction meter. The hydraulic cylinder (10) is provided with symmetrical slide rail grooves (16) on both sides. The slide rail grooves (16) and the sleeve (12) of the compaction testing component are connected by wear-resistant guides. The wear-resistant guides are made of wear-resistant self-lubricating material.

7. A tractor-mounted soil compaction profile measuring device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The soil compaction meter cone (14) has a built-in penetration force collector, and the lower end of the sleeve (12) is fixedly connected to the soil compaction meter cone (14).

8. The tractor-mounted soil compaction profile measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The depth monitoring component includes a ranging baffle (15), which is fixedly installed at the bottom of the mounting support frame (7) and has a clearance hole for the soil compaction meter cone (14) to pass through; the ranging baffle (15) is integrated with a displacement measurement sensor for real-time monitoring of the penetration depth of the cone.

9. A tractor-mounted soil compaction profile measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition system includes a data acquisition module (13). The hydraulic drive mechanism is equipped with a linkage component that is synchronized with the displacement of the hydraulic rod (11). The lower end of the linkage component is fixedly connected to the data acquisition module (13) to maintain the stability of signal acquisition and transmission during the penetration process.

10. A tractor-mounted soil compaction profile measuring device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The linkage component is made of high-strength rigid material. The data acquisition module (13) has a built-in data processing unit for spatially coupling the acquired mechanical signal and depth signal, and outputs the corresponding curve or contour map of soil compaction and penetration depth.

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