An evaluation device and method for crown fire training

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of evaluation device and method for crown fire training, wherein, simulation tree includes hollow trunk and with several branches, hollow trunk is set up several fire holes;Gas ignition system includes gas ignition pipeline set in trunk, gas supply unit and ignition gun;Gas ignition pipeline is set up with several gas outlets, gas is sequentially discharged through gas outlet, fire hole, and ignition gun is used to ignite gas to form trunk fire;Atomized fuel system includes several oil nozzles set on each branch and fuel supply unit;Water collecting cofferdam is set around simulation tree, and liquid level sensor is arranged in it;Control system is used to control the start-stop of gas ignition system and atomized fuel system, and at least based on water level information sent by liquid level sensor, training result score is generated through scoring model.The application can truly reproduce the three-dimensional flame spread effect of trunk and branch, and realize the quantitative evaluation of fire extinguishing effect through scoring model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire training facilities technology, specifically to an assessment device and method for crown fire training. Background Technology

[0002] Forest fires are sudden and highly destructive natural disasters, especially crown fires, which spread rapidly and are difficult to extinguish. Existing fire training facilities mainly focus on simulating building fires or horizontal fire sources, lacking realistic training devices for forest crown fires.

[0003] Existing fire simulation facilities lack realistic three-dimensional flame spread effects and scientific evaluation mechanisms, making it impossible to effectively assess trainees' reaction speed, tactical actions, and fire extinguishing effectiveness during crown fire suppression. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides an evaluation device and method for crown fire training, which can realistically reproduce the three-dimensional flame spread effect of tree trunks and branches, and collect the real-time fire extinguishing water volume through water collection dikes and liquid level sensors, and realize quantitative evaluation of fire extinguishing effect through scoring model.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: An assessment device for crown fire training includes: a simulated tree made of fire-resistant material, comprising a hollow trunk and several branches connected to the trunk, wherein the hollow trunk has several ignition holes along its height; a gas ignition system, comprising a gas ignition pipe installed inside the trunk from bottom to top, a gas supply unit connected to the gas ignition pipe, and an ignition gun installed at the bottom of the trunk; the gas ignition pipe has several vent holes, through which gas leaks out sequentially, and the ignition holes; the ignition gun is used to ignite the gas to form a continuously rising crown fire on the surface of the trunk; and an atomized fuel system, including... The system includes several fuel injectors installed on each branch and a fuel supply unit connected to the fuel injectors. The fuel injectors are used to spray atomized fuel, which is ignited by the trunk fire to form a crown fire on the branch. A water collection dike is installed around the simulated tree to collect the sprayed water during fire extinguishing training. A liquid level sensor is installed inside the water collection dike to monitor the water level information in real time. A control system is used to control the start and stop of the gas ignition system and the atomized fuel system, and to generate a training result score through a scoring model based at least on the water level information sent by the liquid level sensor.

[0006] Furthermore, a spray cooling system is also provided, including a spray pipe connected to an external water source. The spray pipe is laid inside and outside the tree trunk, and spray holes or nozzles are evenly opened on the pipe wall.

[0007] Furthermore, it is equipped with several flame detectors whose field of vision can cover the simulated trees.

[0008] Furthermore, the gas ignition pipeline is equipped with a solenoid valve, a pressure regulating valve, a check valve, and a backfire protection device.

[0009] An assessment method for crown fire training, employing the assessment device described above, is characterized by comprising: activating the gas ignition system, allowing gas to enter the gas ignition pipeline inside the tree trunk, with the gas being released sequentially from the vent and ignition holes to the inside and outside of the tree trunk; activating the ignition gun to ignite the gas, forming a continuously rising trunk fire on the tree trunk surface; activating the atomized fuel system, spraying atomized fuel through nozzles, which is ignited by the trunk fire to form a crown fire on the branches; and the trainee receiving instructions to perform fire extinguishing operations, including water collection and containment. The system collects water used during the firefighting process; the control system receives real-time data on the amount of water used for firefighting from the level sensor, and shuts off the atomizing fuel system after determining that the preset standard amount of water used for firefighting has been reached. Trainees continue to perform firefighting operations until the fire is extinguished; the control system generates training evaluation results based on at least one of the following scoring indicators: the time T for reaching the standard amount of water used for firefighting and the total amount of water used when the fire is extinguished, W. After the fire is extinguished, the control system activates the sprinkler cooling system, which sprays water mist from the sprinkler pipes to the inside and outside of the tree trunk and branches for cooling.

[0010] Furthermore, after the fire is extinguished, the control system is also used to receive the flame sensing signal sent by the flame sensor within a set time, and uses the received flame sensing signal E as a scoring index to determine whether reignition has occurred, in order to determine the fire extinguishing effect.

[0011] Furthermore, n scoring indicators are selected, where n ≤ 3, and the scoring model is as follows:

[0012] in, For the evaluation results; For the first Each scoring indicator; Let be the score mapping function for the i-th rating indicator; For the first The scoring weights of each scoring indicator, .

[0013] Beneficial effects: 1. This invention, by arranging gas ignition pipes in the tree trunk and coordinating with the atomized fuel combustion of the branch nozzles, enables the linkage between the tree trunk flame and the branch flame, realistically reproducing the bottom-up spread process of crown fire in forest fires, thus improving the realism of training; by setting up liquid level sensors in the water collection dike to collect water level information in real time to obtain the amount of water used for fire extinguishing, and combining it with the scoring model of the control system to convert it into a quantitative score, it achieves an objective evaluation of the fire extinguishing effect, avoiding the interference of subjective factors in traditional evaluations.

[0014] 2. This invention is based on at least one of the following scoring indicators: the time T for reaching the standard fire extinguishing water volume, the total water volume W when the fire is extinguished, and the flame sensing signal E. The final score is formed by combining real flame simulation with quantitative evaluation. This not only improves the trainees' rapid response ability and fire extinguishing tactics, but also reflects the training effect in a data-driven way, thereby improving training efficiency and overall level.

[0015] 3. The present invention also includes a spray cooling system. After training, the spray pipeline is turned on and the nozzles spray water mist onto the surface of the tree trunk and branches to quickly cool the tree trunk and branches, prevent damage to the device due to high temperature, and shorten the equipment cooling time, thereby improving the continuity and safety of training.

[0016] 4. The device of this invention, in conjunction with the control unit such as the gas-fired solenoid valve, check valve, and pressure regulating valve, can effectively control the flame intensity and combustion range, ensuring the operational safety of trainees and effectively protecting the equipment from high-temperature damage, thus extending its service life. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention (from another angle).

[0019] Among them, 1-left half of the tree trunk, 2-right half of the tree trunk, 3-cable cover plate, 4-ignition gun cover plate, 5-oil pipe, 6-ignition gun, 7-water spray bracket, 8-water supply pipe, 9-first simulated fire-spraying branch, 10-M60 ball seal welding joint, 11-water spray ring, 12-second simulated fire-spraying branch, 13-M42 ball seal welding joint, 14-oil injector, 15-connecting pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] Example 1 This embodiment provides an assessment device for crown fire training, such as... Figure 1As shown, the evaluation device includes simulated trees, a gas ignition system, an atomized fuel system, a spray cooling system, a water collection dam, a control system, and several flame detectors whose field of vision can cover the simulated trees.

[0022] The simulated tree is made of fire-resistant material and consists of a hollow trunk and several branches connected to the trunk. Several ignition holes are opened along the height of the hollow trunk. In this embodiment, the simulated tree is made of metal and is approximately five meters tall. The branches simulate different lengths of real tree branches, divided into a longer and thicker first simulated flame-spraying branch 9 and a shorter and thinner second simulated flame-spraying branch 12. The first simulated flame-spraying branch 9 is connected to the trunk via an M60 ball-sealed weld joint 10, and the second simulated flame-spraying branch 12 is connected to the trunk via an M42 ball-sealed weld joint 13. The hollow trunk is divided into a left half (1) and a right half (2) that can be fixedly connected together, facilitating the installation of other components inside the hollow trunk. The surface of the simulated tree is coated with a high-temperature resistant protective coating to ensure long-term use in high-temperature combustion environments.

[0023] The gas ignition system includes a gas ignition pipe installed inside the tree trunk from bottom to top, a gas supply unit connected to the gas ignition pipe, and an ignition gun 6 installed at the bottom of the tree trunk. The gas ignition pipe has several gas outlets, through which gas leaks sequentially into the inside and outside of the tree trunk. The ignition gun 6 is used to ignite the gas to form a continuously rising trunk fire on the surface of the tree trunk.

[0024] In this embodiment, the gas ignition pipe extends from the tree root to the tree top, with an outlet hole every 300 millimeters along the pipe wall. A high-pressure ignition gun is installed at the bottom of the tree trunk, and is protected by an ignition gun cover plate 4 and a cable cover plate 3. When the gas is released, the high-pressure ignition gun ignites the gas, and the flame spreads continuously upwards along the inside and outside of the tree trunk, forming a trunk fire.

[0025] The gas ignition pipeline is equipped with a solenoid valve, a pressure regulating valve, a check valve, and a backfire protection device. The solenoid valve is electrically connected to the control system to realize the automatic opening and closing of the gas ignition pipeline; the pressure regulating valve is used to ensure that the gas pressure is stable within the set value range to prevent abnormal combustion caused by excessive or insufficient gas flow; the check valve and the backfire protection device prevent the flame from reversing into the gas ignition pipeline and causing danger.

[0026] The atomized fuel system includes several fuel injectors 14 installed on each branch and a fuel supply unit connected to the fuel injectors 14. The fuel injectors 14 are used to spray atomized fuel, which is ignited by the trunk fire to form a crown fire on the branch.

[0027] In this embodiment, the fuel supply unit, consisting of an oil pump and a fuel tank, delivers diesel fuel to each injector 14 via oil pipe 5. Under the pressure of the oil pump, the injectors 14 spray atomized diesel fuel, which is ignited by the trunk fire, thereby achieving the spread of the trunk flame to the branch flame, forming a crown fire simulation effect, and reproducing the bottom-up development trend of the crown fire in a forest fire. The injectors 14 on each branch are arranged in a ring, which can ensure that the simulated tree is covered by flames in all directions, simulating the three-dimensional diffusion effect of fire in a real environment.

[0028] An interlock control program is set between the ignition gun 6 and the gas supply unit and fuel supply unit. The ignition gun 6 can only work when the gas flow rate and the oil pump pressure are both within the safe range, thus ensuring the safety of the ignition process.

[0029] The sprinkler cooling system includes a sprinkler pipeline connected to an external water source via a water supply pipe 8. The sprinkler pipeline is laid out from bottom to top inside and outside the tree trunk, with sprinkler holes or nozzles evenly distributed on the pipe walls. In this embodiment, the sprinkler pipeline is divided into a longitudinal sprinkler pipe, sprinkler rings 11, and a connecting pipe 15. The longitudinal sprinkler pipe is located inside the tree trunk and connected to the water supply pipe 8. Several sprinkler rings 11 are arranged along the height direction on the outside of the tree trunk. The sprinkler rings 11 are connected to the longitudinal sprinkler pipe via the connecting pipe 15, and the sprinkler rings 11 are fixed to the tree trunk by a sprinkler bracket 7.

[0030] After training, the sprinkler system is turned on, and the nozzles spray water mist onto the surface of the tree trunk and branches to quickly cool the metal trunk and branches, prevent damage to the equipment due to high temperatures, and shorten the equipment cooling time, thereby improving the continuity and safety of training.

[0031] A water collection cofferdam is set up around the simulated tree to collect the sprayed water during firefighting training. The cofferdam is made of metal and equipped with splash guards on its inner wall to ensure that external water flow does not affect measurement accuracy. A liquid level sensor is installed inside the cofferdam. During training, water hitting the surface of the metal tree flows into the cofferdam, and the liquid level sensor monitors the water level in real time and transmits the data to the control system, enabling monitoring of the amount of water used for firefighting.

[0032] When trainees use water guns or cannons to extinguish fires, the water jets aimed at tree trunks and branches are blocked and flow into a water collection embankment. A level sensor sends real-time monitoring of the firefighting water usage to the control system. This firefighting water usage data and extinguishing time can be used to comprehensively evaluate the trainees' firefighting effectiveness. Evaluation criteria, based on actual conditions, can include response speed, water usage efficiency, and firefighting effectiveness.

[0033] The control system is also connected to the liquid level sensor, gas supply unit, and ignition gun 6 signal. The control system can not only display parameters such as gas pressure, oil pump status, and water level changes in real time, but also comprehensively control the gas ignition pipeline pressure, oil pump start and stop, ignition gun 6 ignition, and spray cooling system. It can realize the real-time acquisition of fire extinguishing water consumption and flame detection signals during the training process, and automatically generate evaluation results through the scoring model.

[0034] The control system is also equipped with automatic flameout and emergency shutdown devices. When the training reaches the preset assessment limit (such as water volume or fire extinguishing time thresholds) or the liquid level sensor detects that the water volume in the water collection dam exceeds the warning value, the system automatically shuts off the gas and fuel oil supply and extinguishes the flame. At the same time, the assessment device is equipped with an emergency stop button, allowing the operator to immediately cut off the power supply, shut off the gas source and fuel line in case of an emergency, thereby achieving an emergency shutdown of the device and preventing accidents.

[0035] Example 2 This embodiment provides an assessment method for crown fire training, employing the assessment device described above. The assessment method includes: Turn on the gas ignition system to allow gas to enter the gas ignition pipe inside the tree trunk. The gas is then released sequentially from the vent and ignition holes to the inside and outside of the tree trunk.

[0036] Activate ignition gun 6 to ignite the gas, creating a continuously rising fire on the tree trunk surface.

[0037] The atomized fuel system is activated, and atomized fuel is sprayed out through the fuel injector 14. The atomized fuel is ignited by the trunk fire to form a crown fire on the branches.

[0038] Trainees receive instructions to use water guns or water cannons to extinguish fires. Water collection dikes collect the water used in the fire extinguishing process, and level sensors send real-time fire extinguishing water usage data to the control system.

[0039] The control system receives real-time data on the amount of water used for extinguishing the fire. Once the preset standard amount of water has been reached, the atomizing fuel system is shut off, and the trainee continues extinguishing operations until the fire is extinguished. The control system also receives flame detection signals from the flame sensor within a set time period and uses the received flame detection signal E to determine if reignition has occurred, thus assessing the effectiveness of the extinguishing operation.

[0040] The control system generates training and evaluation results based on at least one of the following scoring indicators: the time T for reaching the preset standard fire extinguishing water volume, the total water volume W when the fire is extinguished, and the fire extinguishing effect score E, according to the set scoring model.

[0041] After the fire is extinguished, the system controls the sprinkler cooling system, which sprays water mist from the sprinkler pipes into the inside and outside of the tree trunk and branches to cool them down, ensuring equipment safety and shortening the cooling time.

[0042] In this embodiment, the scoring model is:

[0043] Among them, n scoring indicators are selected (scoring indicators include but are not limited to T, W, and E). For the evaluation results; For the first Each scoring metric It is a natural number; Let be the score mapping function for the i-th rating indicator; For the first The scoring weights of each scoring indicator, .

[0044] In some embodiments, the scoring model comprehensively considers the time T for reaching the standard fire-extinguishing water volume, the total water volume W when the fire is extinguished, and the fire-extinguishing effect E, and obtains the final score using the following formula: ; in, The scoring weights are: the time T to reach the preset standard fire extinguishing water volume, the total water volume W when the fire is extinguished, and the fire extinguishing effect E. Among them, the fraction mapping function The type is not limited and can be obtained through training with multiple simulated data. For example... The time T for reaching the standard fire extinguishing water volume and the total water volume W when the fire is extinguished are compared with the set standard time and standard total water volume and then converted into a score.

[0045] In this embodiment, the standard time is set to 60 seconds, and the fractional mapping function is used to determine the time T required to reach the standard fire extinguishing water volume. for: ≤ 60 seconds ; Second, 90; , 80; >180 seconds, decreasing gradually. .

[0046] The standard total water consumption is set at 200L. The fractional mapping function for the total water consumption W upon completion of fire extinguishing. for: ≤ 200L ; , 90; , 80; >400L, decreasing in increments. .

[0047] For example, fire extinguishing effect E completely extinguishes the fire and prevents reignition. 100 points is awarded for extinguishing the fire but it reignited; 70 points is awarded for extinguishing the fire but it did not reignite; and 0 points is awarded for failing to extinguish the fire. It scores 0.

[0048] In practice, the control system is also used to receive manually input scoring indicators, including tactical actions and coordination (C) and emergency response (R). The evaluating instructors can score according to the actual situation, select scoring indicators and the weight of each scoring indicator according to the required training subjects, and obtain the final scoring result through the scoring model.

[0049] This invention enables the linkage between tree trunk flames and branch flames, realistically reproducing the bottom-up spread of crown fire in forest fires, thus improving the realism of training. By installing a liquid level sensor in the water collection dam, the amount of water used for firefighting by trainees can be accurately measured, and combined with the firefighting time, objective and quantifiable training results can be formed, improving the scientific nature and fairness of the evaluation. Moreover, after firefighting training, the spray cooling system effectively protects the device, extends its service life, and improves training efficiency and the scientific nature of the evaluation.

[0050] In summary, the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An evaluation device for crown fire training, characterized in that include: The simulated tree is made of fire-resistant material and includes a hollow trunk and several branches connected to the trunk. Several ignition holes are opened in the hollow trunk along the height direction. The gas ignition system includes a gas ignition pipeline installed inside the tree trunk from bottom to top, a gas supply unit connected to the gas ignition pipeline, and an ignition gun installed at the bottom of the tree trunk; the gas ignition pipeline has several gas outlets, and the gas leaks out through the gas outlets and ignition holes in sequence; the ignition gun is used to ignite the gas to form a continuously rising trunk fire on the surface of the tree trunk. The atomized fuel system includes several fuel injectors disposed on each branch and a fuel supply unit connected to the fuel injectors. The fuel injectors are used to spray atomized fuel, which is ignited by trunk fire to form crown fire on the branches. A water collection cofferdam, set up around the simulated trees, is used to collect the sprayed water during firefighting training. The water collection cofferdam is equipped with a liquid level sensor for real-time monitoring of the water level information inside the cofferdam. The control system is used to control the start and stop of the gas ignition system and the atomized fuel system, and to generate a training result score based on the water level information sent by the liquid level sensor.

2. The assessment device for crown fire training as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It is also equipped with a spray cooling system, including a spray pipe connected to an external water source. The spray pipe is laid inside and outside the tree trunk, and spray holes or nozzles are evenly opened on the pipe wall.

3. The assessment device for crown fire training as described in claim 2, characterized in that, It also features several flame detectors with a field of view that can cover simulated trees.

4. The assessment device for crown fire training as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The gas ignition pipeline is equipped with a solenoid valve, a pressure regulating valve, a check valve, and a backfire protection device.

5. An assessment method for crown fire training, employing the assessment device described in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The assessment methods include: Turn on the gas ignition system to allow gas to enter the gas ignition pipe inside the tree trunk. The gas is then released sequentially from the gas outlet and ignition hole to the inside and outside of the tree trunk. Start the ignition gun to ignite the gas, creating a continuously rising fire on the tree trunk surface; The atomized fuel system is activated, and atomized fuel is sprayed out through the injectors. The atomized fuel is ignited by the trunk fire to form a crown fire on the branches. Trainees receive instructions to carry out firefighting operations, and water collection dikes are used to collect water during the firefighting process; The control system receives the real-time fire extinguishing water volume sent by the liquid level sensor. After determining that the preset standard fire extinguishing water volume has been reached, it shuts off the atomizing fuel system. The trainee continues to perform fire extinguishing operations until the fire is extinguished. The control system generates training evaluation results based on at least one of the following scoring indicators: the time T for reaching the standard fire extinguishing water volume and the total water volume W when the fire is extinguished. After the fire is extinguished, the control system activates the sprinkler cooling system, which sprays water mist into the inside and outside of the tree trunk and branches through the sprinkler pipes to cool them down.

6. The assessment device for crown fire training as described in claim 5, characterized in that, After the fire is extinguished, the control system is also used to receive the flame sensing signal sent by the flame sensor within a set time, and uses the received flame sensing signal E as a scoring index to determine whether there is reignition, in order to determine the fire extinguishing effect.

7. The assessment device for crown fire training as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Selecting n rating indicators, where n≤3, the rating model is as follows: in, For the evaluation results; For the first Each scoring indicator; Let be the score mapping function for the i-th rating indicator; For the first The scoring weights of each scoring indicator, .

Images