Fuel cell stack structure and hydrogen fuel cell system

Abstract

The application discloses a fuel cell stack structure and a hydrogen fuel cell system. By adopting parallel arrangement of water channels of adjacent cells through an intermediate plate, the application can significantly optimize the internal fluid distribution uniformity of a high-power fuel cell stack. By adopting the parallel water channel structure, the cooling water circulation directly acts on a single cell, greatly reduces the flow passage resistance, ensures that each cell obtains stable and balanced water supply, effectively improves the internal temperature distribution and water management capability of the stack. Under high-power working conditions, the performance degradation and local overheating problems caused by unbalanced fluid distribution can be avoided, and the operation stability, durability and power density of the stack are improved. The structure is simple and reliable, is suitable for multi-cell stack expansion, can effectively break through the technical bottleneck of uneven fluid distribution in the power amplification process of a traditional stack, and provides strong support for the large-scale application of a high-power fuel cell stack.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a fuel cell stack structure and a hydrogen fuel cell system. Background Technology

[0002] As the power output and length of a single fuel cell stack increase, the problem of fluid distribution within the stack becomes particularly prominent, affecting the power expansion of high-power fuel cell stacks.

[0003] Therefore, how to increase the power expansion of high-power fuel cell stacks has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application proposes a fuel cell stack structure and a hydrogen fuel cell system to increase the power expansion of high-power stacks.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application discloses the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a fuel cell stack structure, including a cell, an intermediate plate, an end plate, and a sealing plate.

[0007] The battery cell includes a hydrogen channel, a water channel, and an air channel. There are at least two battery cells, and the at least two battery cells are stacked along the length direction.

[0008] The intermediate plate is configured to enable series connection of hydrogen channels between two adjacent cells, parallel connection of water channels, and series or parallel connection of air channels between two adjacent cells.

[0009] The end plates include two, and the two end plates are respectively located at both ends of at least two stacked cells;

[0010] The sealing plate wraps around at least two battery cells and the intermediate plate and connects to two end plates.

[0011] In some embodiments, a first hydrogen flow channel and a second hydrogen flow channel are provided inside the intermediate plate; the first hydrogen flow channel and the second hydrogen flow channel are respectively connected to the hydrogen channels of two adjacent cells to realize the series connection of the hydrogen channels of adjacent cells.

[0012] In some embodiments, both the first hydrogen guide channel and the second hydrogen guide channel include a first hydrogen guide section and a second hydrogen guide section that are interconnected. The opening of the first hydrogen guide section is located on one end face of the intermediate plate and is connected to the hydrogen channel of a battery cell. The opening of the second hydrogen guide section is located on the other end face of the intermediate plate and is connected to the hydrogen channel of another battery cell.

[0013] In some embodiments, a first water guide groove and a second water guide groove are provided inside the intermediate plate. The first water guide groove and the second water guide groove are connected to the water channel of one of the two adjacent battery cells to realize the parallel connection of the water channels of the adjacent battery cells.

[0014] In some embodiments, both the first water guide channel and the second water guide channel include a first water guide section and a second water guide section that are interconnected. The opening of the first water guide section is located on the end face of the intermediate plate and is connected to the water channel of the battery cell; the opening of the second water guide section is located on one side of the intermediate plate.

[0015] In some embodiments, a first air guide groove and a second air guide groove are provided inside the intermediate plate;

[0016] The first air guide groove and the second air guide groove are respectively connected to the air channels of two adjacent cells to realize the series connection of the air channels of adjacent cells.

[0017] Alternatively, the first air guide groove and the second air guide groove are connected to the water channel of one of the two adjacent battery cells to achieve parallel connection of the water channels of adjacent battery cells.

[0018] In some embodiments, both the first air guide groove and the second air guide groove include a first air guide section and a second air guide section that are interconnected. The opening of the first air guide section is located on one end face of the intermediate plate and is connected to the air channel of a battery cell; the opening of the second air guide section is located on the other end face and is connected to the air channel of another battery cell.

[0019] Alternatively, the opening of the first air guide section is located on one end face of the intermediate plate and is connected to the air channel of a battery cell; the opening of the second air guide section is located on one side of the intermediate plate.

[0020] In some embodiments, one of the two end plates includes a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet, a first water inlet, a first water outlet, a first air inlet, and a first air outlet. The hydrogen channels of the cells corresponding to the hydrogen inlet and hydrogen outlet are connected; the water channels of the cells corresponding to the first water inlet and first water outlet are connected; and the air channels of the cells corresponding to the first air inlet and first air outlet are connected.

[0021] The intermediate plate includes a second water inlet, a second water outlet, a second air inlet, and a second air outlet. The water channels of the cells corresponding to the second water inlet and the second water outlet are connected; the air channels of the cells corresponding to the second air inlet and the second air outlet are connected.

[0022] In some embodiments, the fuel cell stack structure also includes four connectors, which are installed one-to-one at the second water inlet, the second water outlet, the second air inlet, and the second air outlet.

[0023] Secondly, this application provides a hydrogen fuel cell system, including an air filtration unit, an air flow detection unit, an air compression unit, a cooling unit, an air distribution unit, a fuel cell stack reaction unit, a back pressure regulation unit, and a tail exhaust unit connected in sequence; the air distribution unit is also connected to the tail exhaust unit for discharging excess air; the fuel cell stack reaction unit is a fuel cell stack structure of any of the above.

[0024] As can be seen from the above technical solution, this invention significantly optimizes the uniformity of fluid distribution within a high-power fuel cell stack by arranging the water channels of adjacent cells in parallel via an intermediate plate. The parallel water channel structure allows cooling water circulation to directly act on individual cells, greatly reducing flow resistance and ensuring a stable and balanced water supply to each cell, effectively improving the internal temperature distribution and water management capabilities of the stack. Under high-power conditions, it avoids performance degradation and localized overheating caused by fluid distribution imbalances, improving the stack's operational stability, durability, and power density. This structure is simple and reliable, adaptable to multi-cell stack expansion, and effectively overcomes the technical bottleneck of uneven fluid distribution during power amplification in traditional stacks, providing strong support for the large-scale application of high-power fuel cell stacks. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some examples or embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort, and this application can be applied to other similar scenarios based on the provided drawings. Unless obvious from the linguistic context or otherwise specified, the same reference numerals in the drawings represent the same structures or operations.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a right perspective view of a fuel cell stack structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a left perspective view of a fuel cell stack structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a front view of a fuel cell stack structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Sectional view of section AA;

[0030] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Sectional view of section BB;

[0031] Figure 6 for Figure 3 Sectional view of the C-section;

[0032] Figure 7 for Figure 3 Sectional view of section DD;

[0033] Figure 8 for Figure 3 Sectional view of EE section;

[0034] Figure 9 Right perspective view of a fuel cell stack structure with the cover plate hidden, provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 10 Left perspective view of a fuel cell stack structure with the cover plate hidden, provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Among them, 1-battery cell; 2-intermediate board; 3-end board; 4-sealing board; 5-floating board; 6-current collector board; 7-connector;

[0038] 11-Hydrogen channel; 12-Water channel; 13-Air channel;

[0039] 21-First hydrogen flow channel; 22-Second hydrogen flow channel; 23-First water flow channel; 24-Second water flow channel; 25-First air flow channel; 26-Second air flow channel;

[0040] 31-Hydrogen import; 32-Hydrogen export; 33-First water import; 34-First water export; 35-First air import; 36-First air export. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant disclosure and not intended to limit the disclosure. The described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0042] See Figures 1 to 6This application provides a fuel cell stack structure, including a cell 1, an intermediate plate 2, end plates, and a sealing plate 4. The cell 1 includes a hydrogen channel 11, a water channel 12, and an air channel 13. There are at least two cells 1, which are stacked along their length. The intermediate plate 2 is configured to connect the hydrogen channels 11 in series, the water channels 12 in parallel, and the air channels 13 in series or in parallel between adjacent cells 1. There are two end plates, which are located at both ends of the stacked cells 1. The sealing plate 4 wraps around the at least two cells 1 and the intermediate plate 2 and is connected to the two end plates.

[0043] This invention employs a parallel arrangement of water channels 12 between adjacent cells 1 via an intermediate plate 2, significantly optimizing the uniformity of fluid distribution within a high-power fuel cell stack. The parallel structure of the water channels 12 allows cooling water circulation to directly act on each cell 1, drastically reducing flow resistance and ensuring a stable and balanced water supply to each cell 1. This effectively improves the internal temperature distribution and water management capabilities of the stack. Under high-power conditions, it avoids performance degradation and localized overheating caused by fluid distribution imbalances, enhancing the stack's operational stability, durability, and power density. This simple and reliable structure is adaptable to multi-cell stack expansion and effectively overcomes the technical bottleneck of uneven fluid distribution during power amplification in traditional stacks, providing strong support for the large-scale application of high-power fuel cell stacks.

[0044] Combination Figure 3 See Figure 4 The intermediate plate 2 has a first hydrogen flow channel 21 and a second hydrogen flow channel 22 inside. The first hydrogen flow channel 21 and the second hydrogen flow channel 22 are respectively connected to the hydrogen channels of two adjacent battery cells 1 to realize the series connection of the hydrogen channels 11 of adjacent battery cells 1. Specifically, the first hydrogen flow channel 21 and the second hydrogen flow channel 22 each include a first hydrogen flow section and a second hydrogen flow section that are connected to each other. The opening of the first hydrogen flow section is located on one end face of the intermediate plate 2 and is connected to the hydrogen channel of one battery cell 1; the opening of the second hydrogen flow section is located on the other end face of the intermediate plate 2 and is connected to the hydrogen channel of the other battery cell 1.

[0045] It should be noted that the first hydrogen flow guide section and the second hydrogen flow guide section can be arranged coaxially or non-coaxially. In this embodiment, in order to reduce the resistance during the hydrogen flow process, a coaxial arrangement is adopted, and the inner diameters of the first hydrogen flow guide section and the second hydrogen flow guide section are equal along the length direction.

[0046] Combination Figure 3 See Figure 5The intermediate plate 2 has a first water guide groove 23 and a second water guide groove 24 inside. The first water guide groove 23 and the second water guide groove 24 are connected to the water channel 12 of one of the two adjacent battery cells 1 to realize the parallel connection of the water channels 12 of the adjacent battery cells 1. Specifically, the first water guide groove 23 and the second water guide groove 24 each include a first water guide section and a second water guide section that are connected to each other. The opening of the first water guide section is located on the end face of the intermediate plate 2 and is connected to the water channel 12 of the battery cell 1; the opening of the second water guide section is located on one side of the intermediate plate 2.

[0047] In the diagram, along the length direction, the middle plate 2 is connected to the water channel 12 of the upper battery cell 1 and separated from the water channel 12 of the lower battery cell 1, thereby realizing the parallel connection of the water channels 12 of the two battery cells 1.

[0048] The opening of the second water guide section can be located on the opposite side in the width direction or on the opposite side in the height direction. In the figure, the opening of the second guide section is located on the opposite side in the width direction to save space occupied in the height direction of the fuel cell stack structure, so that more fuel cell stack structures can be arranged in the height direction.

[0049] Combination Figure 3 See Figure 6 The intermediate plate 2 has a first air guide groove 25 and a second air guide groove 26 inside. The first air guide groove 25 and the second air guide groove 26 are respectively connected to the air channels of two adjacent cells 1 to realize the series connection of the air channels 13 of adjacent cells 1. Specifically, the first air guide groove 25 and the second air guide groove 26 each include a first air guide section and a second air guide section that are connected to each other. The opening of the first air guide section is located on one end face of the intermediate plate 2 and is connected to the air channel of one cell 1; the opening of the second air guide section is located on the other end face and is connected to the air channel of the other cell 1.

[0050] It should be noted that the first air guide section and the second air guide section can be arranged coaxially or non-coaxially. In this embodiment, in order to reduce the resistance during airflow, a coaxial arrangement is adopted, and the inner diameters of the first air guide section and the second air guide section are equal along the length direction.

[0051] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first air guide groove 25 and the second air guide groove 26 are correspondingly connected to the water channel 12 of one of two adjacent battery cells 1, so as to realize the parallel connection of the water channels 12 of adjacent battery cells 1. Specifically, the first air guide groove 25 and the second air guide groove 26 each include a first air guide section and a second air guide section that are interconnected. The opening of the first air guide section is located on one end face of the intermediate plate 2 and is connected to the air channel of one battery cell 1; the opening of the second air guide section is located on one side of the intermediate plate 2.

[0052] In the diagram, along the length direction, the middle plate 2 is connected to the air channel 13 of the upper battery cell 1 and separated from the air channel 13 of the lower battery cell 1, thereby realizing the parallel connection of the air channels 13 of the two battery cells 1.

[0053] The opening of the second air guide section can be located on the opposite side in the width direction or on the opposite side in the height direction. In the figure, the opening of the second air guide section is located on the opposite side in the width direction to save space occupied in the height direction of the fuel cell stack structure, so that more fuel cell stack structures can be arranged in the height direction.

[0054] Combination Figure 3 See Figure 7 and Figure 8 One of the two end plates includes a hydrogen inlet 31, a hydrogen outlet 32, a first water inlet 33, a first water outlet 34, a first air inlet 35, and a first air outlet 36. The hydrogen channels 11 of the battery cell 1 corresponding to the hydrogen inlet 31 and the hydrogen outlet 32 ​​are connected; the water channels 12 of the battery cell 1 corresponding to the first water inlet 33 and the first water outlet 34 are connected; and the air channels 13 of the battery cell 1 corresponding to the first air inlet 35 and the first air outlet 36 are connected.

[0055] In the diagram, the hydrogen inlet 31 and hydrogen outlet 32 ​​are staggered along the height direction. This staggered arrangement allows for a sufficient and uniform flow field distribution of hydrogen within the cell 1 along the height direction, effectively preventing hydrogen short-circuiting, local dead zones, and uneven distribution. It ensures sufficient contact between the reactant gas and the catalyst layer, improving the fuel cell's reaction efficiency and output performance. Simultaneously, it enhances drainage capacity, reduces flooding caused by liquid water retention, and improves the stack's operational stability and durability. This arrangement also optimizes the internal space layout of the stack, increases structural compactness, reduces flow resistance and parasitic power consumption, and further adapts to the high-efficiency and stable operation requirements of high-power stacks.

[0056] In the diagram, the first water inlet 33 and the first water outlet 34 are staggered in the height direction, which allows the cooling water to form a complete and uniform flow path along the height direction inside the cell 1. This effectively avoids water flow short circuits, local dead zones, and uneven flow distribution, ensuring a more balanced temperature field across the entire stack and significantly improving problems such as local overheating and excessive temperature differences. At the same time, it can improve heat exchange efficiency and heat dissipation capacity, reduce the impact of thermal stress on the structure of cell 1, and improve the operational stability and service life of the stack. This arrangement can also optimize the flow channel space layout, reduce water flow resistance and auxiliary power consumption, and improve the net output efficiency of the system, making it particularly suitable for efficient heat dissipation and reliable operation of high-power fuel cell stacks.

[0057] In the diagram, the first air inlet 35 and the first air outlet 36 are staggered in the height direction, which allows the air to form a complete and uniform flow field distribution along the height direction inside the cell 1. This effectively avoids airflow short circuits, local stagnation, and uneven distribution, ensuring full contact between the reaction air and the catalyst layer, and improving the electrochemical reaction efficiency and output performance. At the same time, it can enhance the internal drainage and exhaust capacity, reduce the flooding problem caused by liquid water accumulation, maintain the appropriate humidity of the membrane electrode, and improve operational stability. This arrangement can also optimize the flow channel resistance distribution, reduce auxiliary power consumption, improve the net output efficiency of the system, and enable the stack to maintain stable and reliable operation under high power conditions.

[0058] Furthermore, along the width direction, the hydrogen inlet 31, the first water outlet 34, and the first air outlet 36 are located on the same side, as are the hydrogen outlet 32, the first water inlet 33, and the first air inlet 35. This achieves a dual-sided partitioned arrangement of air inlet and outlet, and water inlet and outlet along the width direction of the fuel cell stack, significantly optimizing fluid management and structural layout. This arrangement effectively reduces cross-interference between inlet and outlet pipelines, simplifies external pipeline connections and assembly processes, and reduces pipeline layout complexity. Simultaneously, it avoids mutual interference between inlet and outlet fluids, improves fluid distribution uniformity, and reduces flow resistance and parasitic power loss. In addition, the same-side outlet fluid facilitates centralized discharge and recovery, enabling unified treatment and system integration of exhaust gas and wastewater, improving the fuel cell stack's structural compactness, space utilization, and overall reliability. It also facilitates modular installation and maintenance, adapting to the integrated and high-efficiency application requirements of high-power fuel cell stacks.

[0059] Furthermore, the hydrogen inlet 31 and hydrogen outlet 32, and the first air inlet 35 and first air outlet 36 are arranged diagonally. In the vertical direction, the first water inlet 33 is located between the hydrogen outlet 32 ​​and the first air inlet 35, and the first water outlet 34 is located between the hydrogen inlet 31 and the first air outlet 36. This arrangement allows the three fluids—hydrogen, air, and cooling water—to form independent and non-interfering ordered flow fields within the fuel cell stack, significantly improving fluid distribution uniformity and avoiding short-circuiting between airflow and water flow, local dead zones, and media mixing interference. This arrangement fully utilizes the internal space of the fuel cell stack, optimizes the flow channel layout, reduces overall flow resistance and auxiliary power consumption, and enhances the internal heat exchange and drainage capabilities of the stack, resulting in a more balanced temperature and concentration field distribution, effectively alleviating problems such as local overheating, flooding, and membrane drying. In addition, the diagonally staggered arrangement of the inlets and outlets reduces external pipeline interference, simplifies assembly and maintenance, and improves the stack's structural compactness, integration, and operational reliability. This is beneficial for improving the stack's output performance, power density, and service life, especially meeting the high-efficiency and stable operating requirements of high-power fuel cell stacks.

[0060] When the water channels 12 and air channels 13 of two adjacent cells 1 are connected in parallel through the intermediate plate 2, the intermediate plate 2 includes a second water inlet, a second water outlet, a second air inlet and a second air outlet. The water channels 12 of the cells 1 corresponding to the second water inlet and the second water outlet are connected; the air channels 13 of the cells 1 corresponding to the second air inlet and the second air outlet are connected.

[0061] For ease of connection, the fuel cell stack structure also includes four connectors 7, which are installed one-to-one at the second water inlet, second water outlet, second air inlet, and second air outlet. These four connectors 7 can be directly connected to the intermediate plate 2, or to the sealing plate 4.

[0062] In addition, to facilitate gas collection, the fuel cell stack structure of this application may also include a floating plate 5, which is located between the current collector 6 and the end plate of the upper cell 1. The floating plate 5 can float along with the thermal expansion and contraction deformation of the cell 1 to ensure the safety of the fuel cell stack structure.

[0063] Each cell 1 includes two current collectors 6, namely an anode current collector 6 and a cathode current collector 6. The power supply of the current collectors 6 can be led out by setting a lead-out terminal block.

[0064] See Figures 1 to 10 The fuel cell stack structure shown in the figure includes two cells 1. In some other embodiments of this application, the fuel cell stack structure may include more cells 1, wherein the cells 1 are stacked along the length direction, and an intermediate plate 2 is arranged between each two adjacent cells 1. The intermediate plate 2 realizes the series connection of hydrogen channels 11, the parallel connection of water channels 12 and the series / parallel connection of air channels 13 of cells 1.

[0065] Furthermore, the fuel cell stack structure of this application can be encapsulated by selecting a corresponding sealing plate 4 with appropriate specifications, provided that the number of cells 1 is changed, thereby improving the adaptability of the fuel cell stack structure.

[0066] Multiple fuel cell stack structures can be stacked in the height direction or in the length direction to meet the needs of different power and different scenarios.

[0067] See Figure 11This application provides a hydrogen fuel cell system, including an air filtration unit, an air flow detection unit, an air compression unit, a cooling unit, an air distribution unit, a fuel cell stack reaction unit, a back pressure regulation unit, and an exhaust unit connected in sequence; the air distribution unit is also connected to the exhaust unit for discharging excess air; the fuel cell stack reaction unit is any of the above-mentioned fuel cell stack structures. Since the above-mentioned fuel cell stack structure has the aforementioned effects, the hydrogen fuel cell system including this fuel cell stack structure has corresponding effects, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0068] In the above context, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0069] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or". For example, A / B can mean A or B. "And / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.

[0070] It should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the relevant disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.

[0071] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and an explanation of the technical principles employed, and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. The scope of disclosure in this application is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the above-described disclosed concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in this application.

Claims

1. A fuel cell stack structure, characterized in that, Including battery cells, intermediate boards, end boards, and sealing boards. The battery cell includes a hydrogen channel, a water channel, and an air channel, and the number of the battery cells is at least two, with at least two battery cells stacked along the length direction; The intermediate plate is configured to realize the series connection of hydrogen channels between two adjacent cells, the parallel connection of water channels, and the series or parallel connection of air channels between two adjacent cells. The end plate includes two end plates, which are respectively located at both ends of at least two stacked cells; The sealing plate encloses at least two of the battery cells and the intermediate plate and is connected to the two end plates.

2. The fuel cell stack structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate plate has a first hydrogen flow channel and a second hydrogen flow channel inside; the first hydrogen flow channel and the second hydrogen flow channel are respectively connected to the hydrogen channels of two adjacent battery cells to realize the series connection of the hydrogen channels of adjacent battery cells.

3. The fuel cell stack structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Both the first hydrogen flow channel and the second hydrogen flow channel include a first hydrogen flow section and a second hydrogen flow section that are interconnected. The opening of the first hydrogen flow section is located on one end face of the intermediate plate and is connected to the hydrogen channel of one of the battery cells. The opening of the second hydrogen flow section is located on the other end face of the intermediate plate and is connected to the hydrogen channel of another battery cell.

4. The fuel cell stack structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate plate has a first water guide groove and a second water guide groove inside. The first water guide groove and the second water guide groove are connected to the water channel of one of the two adjacent battery cells to realize the parallel connection of the water channels of the adjacent battery cells.

5. The fuel cell stack structure as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Both the first water guide channel and the second water guide channel include a first water guide section and a second water guide section that are interconnected. The opening of the first water guide section is located on the end face of the intermediate plate and is connected to the water channel of the battery cell. The opening of the second water guide section is located on one side of the intermediate plate.

6. The fuel cell stack structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate plate has a first air guide groove and a second air guide groove inside. The first air guide groove and the second air guide groove are respectively connected to the air channels of two adjacent cells to realize the series connection of the air channels of adjacent cells; Alternatively, the first air guide groove and the second air guide groove are connected to the water channel of one of the two adjacent battery cells to achieve parallel connection of the water channels of adjacent battery cells.

7. The fuel cell stack structure as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Both the first air guide groove and the second air guide groove include a first air guide section and a second air guide section that are interconnected. The opening of the first air guide section is located on one end face of the intermediate plate and is connected to the air channel of one of the battery cells. The opening of the second air guide section is located on the other end face and is connected to the air channel of another battery cell. Alternatively, the opening of the first air guide section is located on one end face of the intermediate plate and communicates with the air channel of one of the battery cells; the opening of the second air guide section is located on one side of the intermediate plate.

8. The fuel cell stack structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, One of the two end plates includes a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet, a first water inlet, a first water outlet, a first air inlet, and a first air outlet. The hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet are connected to the hydrogen channels of the battery cell, respectively. The first water inlet and the first water outlet are connected to the water channels of the battery cell, respectively. The first air inlet and the first air outlet are connected to the air channels of the battery cell, respectively. The intermediate plate includes a second water inlet, a second water outlet, a second air inlet, and a second air outlet. The water channels of the battery cells corresponding to the second water inlet and the second water outlet are connected. The air channels of the battery cells corresponding to the second air inlet and the second air outlet are connected.

9. The fuel cell stack structure as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The fuel cell stack structure also includes four connectors, which are installed one-to-one at the second water inlet, the second water outlet, the second air inlet, and the second air outlet.

10. A hydrogen fuel cell system, characterized in that, The fuel cell stack includes an air filtration unit, an air flow detection unit, an air compression unit, a cooling unit, an air distribution unit, a fuel cell stack reaction unit, a back pressure regulation unit, and a tail exhaust unit connected in sequence; the air distribution unit is also connected to the tail exhaust unit for discharging excess air; the fuel cell stack reaction unit is the fuel cell stack structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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