Heavy ammonium oil explosive truck continuous mixing device and oil group discrimination method in mixing process

Abstract

This invention relates to a continuous mixing device for heavy ammonium phosphate (HA) explosives and a method for identifying oil clumps during the mixing process. Belonging to the technical field of special vehicles for mixing explosives, it addresses problems in existing technologies such as oil clump formation, uneven mixing, and excessive residue. The solution is as follows: The continuous mixing device for HA explosives includes a raw material pretreatment mechanism, an oil clump suppression mechanism, and a feeding mechanism. The pretreatment mechanism is located on the inlet side of the oil clump suppression mechanism, and the feeding mechanism is located on the outlet side. The identification method includes the following steps: S1, identifying the overall load of the material during the mixing process; S2, identifying the average fluctuation of the load during the mixing process; S3, identifying whether the spatial distribution of oil clumps within the oil clump suppression mechanism is uniform. This invention can suppress the formation of locally rich oil clumps and apply disturbance to already formed rich oil clumps, accelerating their disintegration and redispersion, thereby improving the uniformity and loading quality of the mixed explosives on-site.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of special vehicles for mixed explosives, specifically relating to a continuous mixing device for heavy ammonium phosphate explosive vehicles and a method for identifying oil clumps during the mixing process. Background Technology

[0002] The "Ammonium Nitrate Oil On-Site Mixing Explosives Vehicle" is a specialized piece of equipment used for the continuous mixing of ammonium nitrate, fuel oil, and related components on-site, and is widely used in mining and engineering blasting operations. During actual mixing, this type of explosives vehicle is prone to the phenomenon of localized oil-rich agglomerates, where fuel oil accumulates in localized areas and coats ammonium nitrate particles, forming a clumped structure with an oily exterior and a relatively dry ammonium nitrate interior. Once formed, these oil-rich agglomerates are difficult to disperse again and tend to remain in the explosive system for extended periods, disrupting the uniformity of the explosive composition distribution. This leads to problems such as abnormal flowability, discontinuous loading, and unstable blasting effects during transport, loading, and detonation, resulting in a continuous adverse impact on subsequent operations.

[0003] In heavy ammonium phosphate (HAM) explosives, a certain proportion of emulsified matrix is ​​usually added to the ammonium phosphate oil system to improve the sensitivity and detonation performance of the explosive. Because the emulsified matrix has high viscosity and a relatively complex structure, its inclusion in the mixture further increases the difficulty of dispersing the system, making it easier for the fuel oil to form a coating structure in localized areas, thereby exacerbating the formation and stable existence of localized oil-rich clusters.

[0004] However, existing heavy ammonium oil on-site mixing explosives vehicles mainly focus on the function of material transportation and mixing, and lack effective suppression devices for the formation of local oil-rich masses. At the same time, there is a lack of methods to identify and assess the risk of oil-rich masses during the mixing process, making it difficult to identify and control such problems in a timely manner, which seriously restricts the loading quality and operational reliability of on-site mixing explosives vehicles. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and solve the problems of oil clump formation, uneven mixing, and excessive residue in the prior art. It provides a continuous mixing device for heavy ammonium nitrate explosives and a method for identifying oil clumps during the mixing process. It can form effective axial movement during the mixing process, suppress the formation of local oil-rich clumps, and apply disturbance to the already formed oil-rich clumps to accelerate their disintegration and redispersion. At the same time, it can identify the formation state of oil-rich clumps during the mixing process, thereby improving the uniformity and loading quality of explosives mixed on site.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] The continuous mixing and loading device for heavy ammonium phosphate (HAP) explosives includes a raw material pretreatment mechanism, an oil clump suppression mechanism, and a feeding mechanism. The pretreatment mechanism is located on the inlet side of the oil clump suppression mechanism and is used for dispersing solid raw materials and uniformly spraying fuel oil. The oil clump suppression mechanism is used to receive the pretreated raw materials and perform deep mixing and oil clump suppression, and is the core component to prevent oil clump formation. The feeding mechanism is located on the outlet side of the oil clump suppression mechanism and is situated below the oil clump suppression mechanism. The feeding mechanism is used to discharge the final product and achieve stable discharge.

[0008] The pretreatment mechanism includes a crushing chamber, a shearing blade assembly, a sieve plate, and a conveying pipe. A rotating shaft is installed across the middle of the crushing chamber. The shearing blade assembly is mounted on the rotating shaft inside the crushing chamber. The sieve plate is located at the bottom of the crushing chamber and below the shearing blade assembly. The sieve plate is used to intercept large lumps that have not been fully crushed by the shearing blade assembly, allowing them to be circulated and crushed by the shearing blade assembly within the crushing chamber until they can pass through the sieve plate smoothly. The conveying pipe is arranged horizontally and contains a spiral conveying mechanism. The discharge port at the lower end of the crushing chamber is connected to the end of the conveying pipe. A fuel oil nozzle is installed on the inner side near the connection between the conveying pipe and the crushing chamber. The fuel oil nozzle is used to spray a measured amount of fuel oil in an atomized form evenly onto the surface of the crushed and sieved ammonium nitrate particles (porous), achieving initial wetting and mixing of fuel oil and ammonium nitrate particles. Then, the spiral conveying mechanism transports the porous granular ammonium nitrate mixed with fuel oil in the conveying pipe to the oil agglomeration suppression mechanism for subsequent operations.

[0009] The oil clump suppression mechanism includes a sealed tank, a sun gear stirring assembly, a planetary gear stirring assembly, an annular scraper assembly, and a spray ring. The sealed tank is arranged vertically, and a drive motor is installed on the top cover of the sealed tank. The outlet of the conveying pipe is connected to the inlet of the sealed tank. The bottom surface of the sealed tank is a conical bottom surface, and an outlet is provided on the bottom surface of the sealed tank.

[0010] The sun gear stirring assembly includes a sun gear and a central auger. The sun gear is mounted on the rotor of the drive motor, and the central auger is fixedly disposed on the lower end face of the sun gear. The sun gear, the central auger, and the rotor of the drive motor are coaxially arranged.

[0011] A gear ring is provided on the top of the inner wall of the sealed tank. The planetary gear stirring assembly includes a planetary gear and a planetary gear auger. The planetary gear meshes with the gear ring and the sun gear. The planetary gear auger is fixedly installed on the lower end face of the planetary gear. The planetary gear and the planetary gear auger are coaxially arranged. The combined motion of the planetary gear's revolution and rotation, combined with the rotation of the planetary gear auger, can locally shear and tumble the macroscopic flow field generated by the sun gear stirring assembly, thereby achieving multi-scale, high-intensity mixing of materials.

[0012] The annular scraper assembly is located in the middle of the sealed tank. The annular scraper assembly includes an electromagnetic suction ring and several annular scrapers. The electromagnetic suction ring is located in the middle of the outer wall of the sealed tank. When the electromagnetic suction ring is energized, it generates magnetism and attracts several sequentially stacked annular scrapers to the middle of the inner wall of the sealed tank. The electromagnetic suction ring and several annular scrapers achieve magnetic coupling drive, realize dynamic sealing, and eliminate the risk of leakage.

[0013] The spray ring is located at the bottom of the inner wall of the sealed tank. Several nozzles are evenly distributed circumferentially on the inner wall of the spray ring. Inlets are located at both ends of any diameter on the upper surface of the spray ring. These inlets are connected to a latex matrix storage tank outside the sealed tank via pipes. The spray ring has a ring-shaped structure, with four nozzles evenly distributed circumferentially towards the center on the inner side of the ring. The oppositely positioned inlets ensure continuous and uniform supply of the oil. The latex matrix, another key component, is precisely pumped into the sealed tank through a separate pipeline system equipped with a high-viscosity positive displacement pump (such as a plunger pump or screw pump) via pipes and the spray ring. This multi-path independent raw material delivery design ensures that raw materials with different properties do not cross-contaminate or undergo adverse local reactions before entering the main mixing zone, creating conditions for subsequent efficient homogenization mixing.

[0014] The feeding mechanism includes a feeder and support legs. The feeder is located below the sealed tank, and the conical bottom of the sealed tank is inserted into the feeder. The feeder serves to guide the flow and continuously discharge the material, ensuring continuous and stable discharge. At least three support legs are evenly arranged below the feeder.

[0015] In addition, the entire continuous mixing device for heavy ammonium nitrate explosives can be placed in an encapsulated structure consisting of a support frame and a protective cover to protect the moving parts and encapsulate the appearance.

[0016] Furthermore, solid ammonium nitrate particles are conveyed from the outside into the crushing chamber via a conveying device.

[0017] Furthermore, the cutting edges of each blade in the shearing blade assembly are chamfered on the material-facing side, so that the shearing blade assembly can shear and crush the agglomerates when rotating.

[0018] Furthermore, the pitch of the spiral blades on the central auger gradually decreases from top to bottom (i.e., from sparse to dense from top to bottom). This design can form a stronger vertical lifting vortex in the lower part of the sealed tank, ensuring that the bottom material is fully lifted and mixed, and avoiding sedimentation and agglomeration.

[0019] Furthermore, the annular scraper is arranged in three layers (upper, middle, and lower) along the axial direction of the sealed tank, and several through holes are evenly distributed along the circumference of each annular scraper layer to prevent wet and sticky materials from accumulating on the scraper surface.

[0020] Furthermore, the annular area of ​​the upper and lower annular scrapers is smaller than that of the middle annular scraper, meaning that the upper and lower scrapers are designed with a smaller scraping area, which improves the overall cleaning effect and cleaning rate.

[0021] Furthermore, the locations where the conveying pipe, drive motor, pipeline, and feeder connect to the sealed tank are respectively sealed.

[0022] The method for identifying oil clumps during the mixing process using the continuous mixing device for heavy ammonium phosphate explosives as described above includes the following steps:

[0023] S1. Start the continuous mixing device of the heavy ammonium nitrate explosive truck, start the drive motor, and record the initial load status of the drive motor; the load data fed back by the drive motor is used for overall load discrimination and load fluctuation discrimination, and the load data fed back by the planetary gear auger is used for oil mass spatial distribution discrimination.

[0024] S2. The torque and current signals of the drive motor are collected in real time through the motor controller, recorded once every 0.1 seconds to form a continuous load data stream, and stored in the data unit;

[0025] S3. Determine the overall load of materials during the mixing process;

[0026] The overall load discrimination coefficient of the material during the mixing process is calculated as K = (T-T0) / T0, where T0 is the baseline load value under the condition of stable dry powder and no or little oil spraying, and T is the real-time load value. When making a judgment, the overall load discrimination coefficient K is compared with a preset threshold. When K exceeds the preset threshold, it is determined that there is a risk of oil clumps.

[0027] S4. Determine the average load fluctuation during the mixing process;

[0028] The load fluctuation of the drive motor during the mixing process is used to determine the early formation trend of local oil clumps within the oil clump suppression mechanism, i.e., the load fluctuation coefficient S of the oil clump suppression mechanism is calculated as follows:

[0029] ;

[0030] in, The standard deviation T of the load within this time window max -T min ; The average load within this time window can be obtained directly from the torque or current signal of the drive motor.

[0031] During the judgment, when the load fluctuation coefficient S of the oil clump suppression mechanism increases and continues to exceed the preset threshold range, it is determined that there are local oil clumps or agglomeration trends within the oil clump suppression mechanism; when the load fluctuation coefficient S of the oil clump suppression mechanism is small and stable, it is determined that the material is uniformly mixed and no local oil clumps have formed.

[0032] S5. Determine whether the spatial distribution of oil globules within the oil globule suppression mechanism is uniform;

[0033] The coefficient U for the spatial distribution difference of oil clumps within the oil clump suppression mechanism is calculated as follows:

[0034]

[0035] in, This represents the instantaneous load value of the i-th planetary gear (i.e., the equivalent torque reaction force at the support shaft of the i-th planetary gear). This represents the average load on each planetary gear;

[0036] During the judgment, the spatial distribution difference coefficient U of the oil patch is compared with a preset threshold. When the vertical difference coefficient U of the oil patch exceeds the preset threshold, it is determined that the oil patch distribution in the oil patch suppression mechanism is uneven and there is an oil patch risk.

[0037] Furthermore, based on a comprehensive analysis of the overall load discrimination coefficient K, load fluctuation coefficient S, and oil patch spatial distribution difference coefficient U, the discrimination process includes the following steps:

[0038] When K, S, and U are all normal: the material is mixed evenly, and the current operating parameters are maintained.

[0039] When K is abnormal and S and U are normal: determine the overall oil mass risk, maintain or increase the speed of the drive motor and control the fuel injection speed of the fuel injector;

[0040] When S is abnormal and K and U are normal: it is determined to be the initial stage of local oil clump formation, and the material is in the local shearing and crushing stage. At this time, the speed of the drive motor is increased to enhance the shear strength of the sun gear stirring assembly and planetary gear stirring assembly, and promote the rapid disintegration and redispersion of the local oil clump.

[0041] When U is abnormal while K and S are normal: it is determined that there is structural non-uniformity in the spatial distribution of oil clumps. At this time, the speed of the drive motor is reduced and the mixing time is extended to allow the material to redistribute under low disturbance intensity, thereby weakening the persistence of local oil-rich areas. At the same time, the fuel injection rate of the fuel oil nozzle is adjusted synchronously as needed to improve the uniformity of local fuel supply.

[0042] When K, S, and U are all abnormal: it is determined that oil clumps have formed or the overall mixing is uneven, and therefore comprehensive control measures are required.

[0043] Therefore, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0044] 1) For the continuous mixing device of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive truck: During operation, porous granular ammonium nitrate is crushed, screened, and sprayed with oil by the pretreatment device, and then continuously fed into the oil agglomeration suppression mechanism. In the sealed tank, the material is repeatedly lifted, sheared, diffused, and mixed in the complex flow field formed by the sun gear and planetary gears. At the same time, the annular scraper assembly continuously cleans the wall surface, and the conical bottom of the sealed tank promotes evacuation. The whole process is continuous and closed, effectively suppressing the formation of oil agglomerates due to uneven wetting or local aggregation of fuel oil. Finally, the uniformly mixed final product is smoothly output through the feeder.

[0045] 2) Method for identifying oil clumps during the mixing process: Throughout the mixing process, the system continuously collects load data, updates K, S, and U indicators in real time, and dynamically adjusts operating parameters based on the judgment results to ensure uniform mixing of materials and suppress oil clump formation. The system records and stores the mixing operation and changes in K, S, and U indicators for subsequent analysis and optimization of mixing strategies. When any indicator exceeds a preset threshold, an alarm or prompt is triggered to notify the operator for manual intervention. After mixing is completed, the system generates an oil clump distribution and load change report based on historical K, S, and U data to provide a reference for the mixing of the next batch of materials, so as to optimize the speed of the main and auxiliary screws and the oil injection strategy. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the continuous mixing device for heavy ammonium phosphate explosives in the present invention.

[0047] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial cross-sectional view of the structure at position A in the middle;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the continuous mixing device for heavy ammonium nitrate explosives (omitting the feeding mechanism) of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the oil patch suppression mechanism;

[0050] Figure 5 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the sun gear agitator assembly and the planetary gear agitator assembly in their assembled state;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the annular scraper assembly and the spray ring in their assembled state.

[0052] In the figure, 1 is the raw material pretreatment mechanism, 1.1 is the crushing chamber, 1.2 is the shearing blade assembly, 1.3 is the screen plate, 1.4 is the conveying pipe, 1.5 is the fuel oil nozzle, and 1.6 is the screw conveyor mechanism;

[0053] 2 is the oil clump suppression mechanism, 2.1 is the sun gear, 2.2 is the central auger, 2.3 is the planetary gear, 2.4 is the planetary gear auger, 2.5 is the through hole, 2.6 is the electromagnetic suction ring, 2.7 is the annular scraper, 2.8 is the drive motor, 2.9 is the sealed tank, and 2.10 is the spray ring;

[0054] 3 is the feeding mechanism, 3.1 is the feeder, and 3.2 is the support leg;

[0055] 4 represents a pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0057] like Figures 1 to 6 The continuous mixing device for heavy ammonium phosphate explosives shown includes a raw material pretreatment mechanism 1, an oil clump suppression mechanism 2, and a feeding mechanism 3. The pretreatment mechanism 1 is located on the feed inlet side of the oil clump suppression mechanism 2, and the feeding mechanism 3 is located on the discharge outlet side of the oil clump suppression mechanism 2, and the feeding mechanism 3 is located below the oil clump suppression mechanism 2.

[0058] The pretreatment mechanism 1 includes a crushing chamber 1.1, a shearing blade assembly 1.2, a screen plate 1.3, and a conveying pipe 1.4. Solid ammonium nitrate particles are conveyed from the outside into the crushing chamber 1.1 via a conveying device. A rotating shaft is installed across the middle of the crushing chamber 1.1. The shearing blade assembly 1.2 is installed on the rotating shaft inside the crushing chamber 1.1. The cutting edges of each blade in the shearing blade assembly 1.2 are chamfered. When rotating, the shearing blade assembly 1.2 shears and crushes the agglomerates. The screen plate 1.3 is located at the bottom of the crushing chamber 1.1 and below the shearing blade assembly 1.2. The conveying pipe 1.4 is arranged horizontally. A screw conveyor mechanism 1.6 is installed inside the conveying pipe 1.4. The discharge port at the lower end of the crushing chamber 1.1 is connected to the end of the conveying pipe 1.4. A fuel oil nozzle 1.5 is installed on the inner side near the connection between the conveying pipe 1.4 and the crushing chamber 1.1.

[0059] The oil clump suppression mechanism 2 includes a sealed tank 2.9, a sun gear stirring assembly, a planetary gear stirring assembly, an annular scraper assembly, and a spray ring 2.10. The sealed tank 2.9 is arranged vertically, and a drive motor 2.8 is installed on the top cover of the sealed tank 2.9. The outlet of the conveying pipe 1.4 is connected to the inlet of the sealed tank 2.9. The bottom surface of the sealed tank 2.9 is a conical bottom surface, and an outlet is provided on the bottom surface of the sealed tank 2.9.

[0060] The sun gear stirring assembly includes a sun gear 2.1 and a central auger 2.2. The sun gear 2.1 is mounted on the rotor of the drive motor 2.8, and the central auger 2.2 is fixedly disposed on the lower end face of the sun gear 2.1. The pitch of the spiral blades on the central auger 2.2 gradually decreases from top to bottom. The sun gear 2.1, the central auger 2.2, and the rotor of the drive motor 2.8 are coaxially arranged.

[0061] A gear ring is provided on the top of the inner wall of the sealed tank 2.9. The planetary gear stirring assembly includes a planetary gear 2.3 and a planetary gear auger 2.4. The planetary gear 2.3 meshes with the gear ring and the sun gear 2.1. The planetary gear auger 2.4 is fixedly disposed on the lower end face of the planetary gear 2.3. The planetary gear 2.3 and the planetary gear auger 2.4 are coaxially arranged. In this embodiment, the three planetary gears 2.3 are evenly distributed around the outer periphery of the sun gear 2.1 along the circumferential direction. The three planetary gears 2.3 can revolve around the sun gear 2.1 synchronously. At the same time, the three planetary gears 2.3 rotate around their own axes, realizing the rotation of the central auger 2.2 and the planetary gear auger 2.4. In addition, flanges are provided on the upper and lower edges of the gear ring. The flanges are used to restrict the axial movement of the planetary gears 2.3 and ensure the form and position tolerances of the planetary gears 2.3 and the sun gear 2.1.

[0062] The annular scraper assembly is located in the middle of the sealed tank 2.9. The annular scraper assembly includes an electromagnetic suction ring 2.6 and several annular scrapers 2.7. The electromagnetic suction ring 2.6 is located in the middle of the outer wall of the sealed tank 2.9. The electromagnetic suction ring 2.6 attracts several sequentially stacked annular scrapers 2.7 to the middle of the inner wall of the sealed tank 2.9. The annular scrapers 2.7 are arranged in three layers (upper, middle, and lower) along the axial direction of the sealed tank 2.9. The annular area of ​​the upper and lower layers of annular scrapers 2.7 is smaller than that of the middle layer of annular scrapers 2.7. Several through holes 2.5 are evenly distributed along the circumference of each layer of annular scrapers 2.7.

[0063] The spray ring 2.10 is located at the bottom of the inner wall of the sealed tank 2.9. Several nozzles are evenly distributed along the circumference on the inner wall of the spray ring 2.10. Inlet ports are respectively provided at both ends along any diameter on the upper surface of the spray ring 2.10. The inlet ports are connected to the latex matrix storage tank outside the sealed tank 2.9 through the pipe 4.

[0064] The feeding mechanism 3 includes a feeder 3.1 and support legs 3.2. The feeder 3.1 is located below the sealed tank 2.9, and the conical bottom of the sealed tank 2.9 is inserted into the feeder 3.1; at least three support legs 3.2 are evenly arranged below the feeder 3.1.

[0065] The material conveying pipe 1.4, drive motor 2.8, pipe 4, and feeder 3.1 are sealed at the connection points with the sealed tank 2.9.

[0066] Specifically, when the heavy ammonium nitrate (AN) explosive truck needs to deliver explosives to the blast hole, the raw materials must first be transported from the feed bin to the respective conveying ports. After the system starts, the porous granular AN particles from the feed bin, under the action of gravity, first enter the crushing chamber 1.1 located at the front end of the conveying pipe 1.4. The large-diameter inlet of the crushing chamber 1.1 facilitates the reception of materials, and its tapering structure forms a gravity acceleration channel, guiding the materials to naturally converge and fall. After entering the crushing chamber 1.1, the materials are immediately subjected to the action of the shearing blade assembly 1.2. Driven by the rotating shaft (electric), the shearing blade assembly 1.2 performs high-speed shearing and impact crushing on the falling AN clumps. The crushed particles are classified by the sieve plate 1.3 installed at the bottom of the crushing chamber 1.1. Particles that meet the particle size requirements fall, while excessively large clumps are intercepted and continue to be crushed in the crushing chamber 1.1 until they can pass through the sieve holes.

[0067] After being crushed and screened, the ammonium nitrate particles fall into the conveying pipe 1.4 under their own gravity. At the same time, the fuel oil nozzle 1.5 sprays fuel oil in the form of extremely fine droplets evenly and continuously onto the entire cross-section of the ammonium nitrate particle flow. The solid particles and oil mist undergo initial wetting and adhesion within the conveying pipe 1.4, forming a preliminary oil-solid mixture.

[0068] Specifically, the conveying pipe 1.4 is equipped with a spiral conveying mechanism 1.6, which horizontally conveys the pre-wetted ammonium nitrate and fuel oil mixture to the inlet of the oil agglomeration suppression mechanism 2 and into its sealed tank 2.9. Simultaneously, the latex matrix, another key component, is synchronously and precisely pumped into the spray ring 2.10 via pipe 4. This multi-path independent raw material conveying design ensures that raw materials with different properties do not cross-contaminate or prematurely undergo adverse local reactions before entering the main mixing zone, creating conditions for subsequent efficient homogenization mixing.

[0069] When the raw materials enter the sealed tank 2.9 in the preset proportion, the drive motor 2.8, the sun wheel stirring assembly in the center of the sealed tank 2.9, and the three planetary wheel stirring assemblies evenly distributed around it start synchronously.

[0070] Specifically, the central auger 2.2 rotates, generating a strong axial upward lifting force in the bottom area of ​​the sealed tank 2.9. This lifting flow can forcibly lift heavier, oil-rich materials that may accumulate on the bottom of the cone due to gravity settling to the upper part of the tank, effectively preventing oil separation and bottom clumping.

[0071] Multiple planetary gears 2.3, under the combined motion of revolution (around the sun gear 2.1) and rotation (around their own axis), exert strong radial and tangential shear forces on the material through the lower planetary gear auger 2.4, and divide and reorganize the macroscopic axial flow generated by the central auger 2.2. This motion creates a highly turbulent mixing environment, achieving multi-scale, high-intensity homogenization of the material through macroscopic convection and microscopic shear.

[0072] Throughout the mixing process, the electromagnetic suction ring 2.6 drives the annular scraper assembly to work synchronously. The annular scraper 2.7 continuously scrapes off the thin layer of material that may adhere to the cooling surface of the tank wall due to temperature differences and re-rolls it into the main material flow. This process not only eliminates the problems of local overheating, coking, or becoming a mixing dead zone that may be caused by "material adhering" to the wall, but also ensures heat exchange efficiency and destroys the interface where oil clumps may adhere and grow.

[0073] After thorough planetary mixing and dynamic suppression, the final explosive mixture, meeting the homogeneity requirements, is guided by the bottom spiral and subjected to gravity, converging and rapidly discharged through the central outlet at the conical bottom of the sealed tank 2.9. The mixture then enters the fixedly connected conical feeder 3.1. This feeder 3.1 serves as an intermediate buffer container, storing a certain amount of qualified finished product to smooth out any flow unevenness that may be caused by instantaneous fluctuations in upstream mixing or downstream conveying, forming a stable "material reserve pool."

[0074] During borehole loading operations, the finished explosives stored inside the feeder 3.1 are continuously delivered to the borehole by the subsequent conveying system. This design ensures seamless and continuous operation from explosive preparation in the vehicle to borehole loading, greatly improving the efficiency and reliability of blasting operations.

[0075] In summary, this specific embodiment systematically achieves high-quality and high-efficiency preparation and transportation of heavy ammonium nitrate explosives on mobile equipment through the aforementioned continuous, closed, and automated process steps. The entire process is interconnected, and its core lies in utilizing the dynamic inhibition effect of planetary mixing, wall self-cleaning technology, and buffered continuous discharge design to fundamentally solve industry technical problems such as oil agglomeration, uneven mixing, and intermittent operation.

[0076] In addition, the entire continuous mixing device for heavy ammonium nitrate explosives can be placed in an encapsulated structure consisting of a support frame and a protective cover to protect the moving parts and encapsulate the appearance.

[0077] The method for identifying oil clumps during the mixing process using the continuous mixing device for heavy ammonium phosphate explosives as described above includes the following steps:

[0078] S1. Start the continuous mixing device of the heavy ammonium nitrate oil explosive cart, start the drive motor 2.8, and record the initial load state of the drive motor 2.8; the load data fed back by the drive motor 2.8 is used for overall load discrimination and load fluctuation discrimination, and the load data fed back by the planetary gear auger (2.4) is used for oil mass spatial distribution discrimination;

[0079] S2. The torque and current signals of the drive motor 2.8 are collected in real time through the motor controller, recorded once every 0.1 seconds to form a continuous load data stream, and stored in the data unit;

[0080] S3. Determine the overall load of materials during the mixing process;

[0081] The overall load discrimination coefficient of the material during the mixing process is calculated as K = (T-T0) / T0, where T0 is the baseline load value under the condition of stable dry powder and no or little oil spraying, and T is the real-time load value. When making a judgment, the overall load discrimination coefficient K is compared with a preset threshold. When K exceeds the preset threshold, it is determined that there is a risk of oil clumps.

[0082] S4. Determine the average load fluctuation during the mixing process;

[0083] The load fluctuation of the drive motor 2.8 during the mixing process is used to determine the early formation trend of local oil clumps within the oil clump suppression mechanism 2, i.e., the load fluctuation coefficient S of the oil clump suppression mechanism 2 is calculated as follows:

[0084]

[0085] in, The standard deviation T of the load within this time window max -T min ; The average load within this time window can be obtained directly from the torque or current signal of the drive motor 2.8.

[0086] During the judgment, when the load fluctuation coefficient S of the oil clump suppression mechanism 2 increases and continues to exceed the preset threshold range, it is determined that there is a local oil clump or agglomeration trend in the oil clump suppression mechanism 2; when the load fluctuation coefficient S of the oil clump suppression mechanism 2 is small and stable, it is determined that the material is uniformly mixed and no local oil clumps have formed.

[0087] S5. Determine whether the spatial distribution of oil globules within the oil globule suppression mechanism is uniform;

[0088] The coefficient U for the spatial distribution difference of oil clusters within the oil cluster suppression mechanism 2 is calculated as follows:

[0089]

[0090] in, This represents the instantaneous load value of the i-th planetary gear (i.e., the equivalent torque reaction force at the support shaft of the i-th planetary gear). This represents the average load on each planetary gear;

[0091] During the judgment, the spatial distribution difference coefficient U of the oil clusters is compared with a preset threshold. When the vertical difference coefficient U of the oil clusters exceeds the preset threshold, it is determined that the oil clusters in the oil cluster suppression mechanism 2 are unevenly distributed and there is an oil cluster risk.

[0092] Furthermore, based on a comprehensive analysis of the overall load discrimination coefficient K, load fluctuation coefficient S, and oil patch spatial distribution difference coefficient U, the discrimination process includes the following steps:

[0093] When K, S, and U are all normal: the material is mixed evenly, and the current operating parameters are maintained.

[0094] When K is abnormal and S and U are normal: determine the overall oil mass risk, maintain or increase the speed of drive motor 2.8 and control the fuel injection speed of fuel oil nozzle 1.5;

[0095] When S is abnormal and K and U are normal: it is determined to be the initial stage of local oil clump formation, and the material is in the local shearing and crushing stage. At this time, the speed of the drive motor is increased to 2.8, which enhances the shear strength of the sun gear stirring assembly and planetary gear stirring assembly, and promotes the rapid disintegration and redispersion of the local oil clump.

[0096] When U is abnormal while K and S are normal: it is determined that the oil clumps have structural unevenness in spatial distribution. At this time, the speed of the drive motor 2.8 is reduced and the mixing time is extended to allow the material to redistribute under low disturbance intensity, thereby weakening the persistence of local oil-rich areas. At the same time, the fuel injection rate of the fuel oil nozzle 1.5 is adjusted synchronously as needed to improve the uniformity of local fuel supply.

[0097] When K, S, and U are all abnormal: it is determined that oil clumps have formed or the overall mixing is uneven, and therefore comprehensive control measures are required.

[0098] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A continuous mixing device for heavy ammonium phosphate explosives, comprising a raw material pretreatment mechanism (1), an oil clump suppression mechanism (2), and a feeding mechanism (3), characterized in that, The pretreatment mechanism (1) is located on the feed port side of the oil clump suppression mechanism (2), the feeding mechanism (3) is located on the discharge port side of the oil clump suppression mechanism (2), and the feeding mechanism (3) is located below the oil clump suppression mechanism (2); The pretreatment mechanism (1) includes a crushing chamber (1.1), a shearing blade assembly (1.2), a screen plate (1.3), and a conveying pipe (1.4). A rotating shaft is provided across the middle of the crushing chamber (1.1). The shearing blade assembly (1.2) is installed on the rotating shaft inside the crushing chamber (1.1). The screen plate (1.3) is located at the bottom of the crushing chamber (1.1) and below the shearing blade assembly (1.2). The conveying pipe (1.4) is arranged horizontally. A screw conveying mechanism (1.6) is provided inside the conveying pipe (1.4). The discharge port at the lower end of the crushing chamber (1.1) is connected to the end of the conveying pipe (1.4). A fuel oil nozzle (1.5) is provided on the inner side near the connection between the conveying pipe (1.4) and the crushing chamber (1.1). The oil clump suppression mechanism (2) includes a sealed tank (2.9), a sun gear stirring assembly, a planetary gear stirring assembly, an annular scraper assembly, and a spray ring (2.10). The sealed tank (2.9) is arranged vertically, and a drive motor (2.8) is provided on the top cover of the sealed tank (2.9). The outlet of the conveying pipe (1.4) is connected to the inlet of the sealed tank (2.9). The bottom surface of the sealed tank (2.9) is set as a conical bottom surface, and an outlet is provided on the bottom surface of the sealed tank (2.9). The sun wheel stirring assembly includes a sun wheel (2.1) and a central auger (2.2). The sun wheel (2.1) is mounted on the rotor of the drive motor (2.8), and the central auger (2.2) is fixedly disposed on the lower end face of the sun wheel (2.1). The sun wheel (2.1), the central auger (2.2), and the rotor of the drive motor (2.8) are coaxially arranged. A gear ring is provided on the top of the inner wall of the sealed tank (2.9). The planetary gear stirring assembly includes a planetary gear (2.3) and a planetary gear auger (2.4). The planetary gear (2.3) meshes with the gear ring and the sun gear (2.1). The planetary gear auger (2.4) is fixedly set on the lower end face of the planetary gear (2.3). The planetary gear (2.3) and the planetary gear auger (2.4) are coaxially arranged. The annular scraper assembly is set in the middle of the sealed tank (2.9). The annular scraper assembly includes an electromagnetic suction ring (2.6) and several annular scrapers (2.7). The electromagnetic suction ring (2.6) is set in the middle of the outer wall of the sealed tank (2.9). The electromagnetic suction ring (2.6) attracts several sequentially stacked annular scrapers (2.7) to the middle of the inner wall of the sealed tank (2.9). The spray ring (2.10) is located at the bottom of the inner wall of the sealed tank (2.9). Several nozzles are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the spray ring (2.10). Inlet ports are respectively provided at both ends along any diameter on the upper surface of the spray ring (2.10). The inlet ports are connected to the latex matrix storage tank outside the sealed tank (2.9) through the pipe (4). The feeding mechanism (3) includes a feeder (3.1) and support legs (3.2). The feeder (3.1) is located below the sealed tank (2.9), and the conical bottom of the sealed tank (2.9) is inserted into the feeder (3.1). At least three support legs (3.2) are evenly arranged below the feeder (3.1).

2. The continuous mixing device for heavy ammonium phosphate explosives according to claim 1, characterized in that, Solid ammonium nitrate particles are conveyed from the outside into the crushing chamber (1.1) by a conveying device.

3. The continuous mixing device for heavy ammonium phosphate explosives according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting edge of each blade in the shearing blade assembly (1.2) is chamfered on the material-facing side. When the shearing blade assembly (1.2) rotates, it generates shearing and crushing action on the agglomerates.

4. The continuous mixing device for heavy ammonium phosphate explosives according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pitch of the spiral blades on the central auger (2.2) gradually decreases from top to bottom.

5. The continuous mixing device for heavy ammonium phosphate explosives according to claim 1, characterized in that, The annular scraper (2.7) is arranged in three layers (upper, middle and lower) along the axial direction of the sealed tank (2.9), and several through holes (2.5) are evenly distributed along the circumference of each layer of the annular scraper (2.7).

6. The continuous mixing device for heavy ammonium phosphate explosives according to claim 5, characterized in that, The annular area of ​​the upper and lower annular scrapers (2.7) is smaller than that of the middle annular scraper (2.7).

7. The continuous mixing device for heavy ammonium phosphate explosives according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material conveying pipe (1.4), drive motor (2.8), pipe (4), and feeder (3.1) are sealed at the connection points with the sealed tank (2.9).

8. The method for identifying oil clumps during the mixing process using the continuous mixing device for heavy ammonium phosphate explosives as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Start the continuous mixing device of the heavy ammonium nitrate explosive truck, start the drive motor (2.8), and record the initial load state of the drive motor (2.8); S2. The torque and current signals of the drive motor (2.8) are collected in real time through the motor controller, and recorded once every 0.1 seconds to form a continuous load data stream, which is then stored in the data unit. S3. Determine the overall load of materials during the mixing process; The overall load discrimination coefficient of the material during the mixing process is calculated as K = (T-T0) / T0, where T0 is the baseline load value under the condition of stable dry powder and no or little oil spraying, and T is the real-time load value. When making a judgment, the overall load discrimination coefficient K is compared with a preset threshold. When K exceeds the preset threshold, it is determined that there is a risk of oil clumps. S4. Determine the average load fluctuation during the mixing process; The load fluctuation of the drive motor (2.8) during the mixing process is used to determine the early formation trend of local oil clumps in the oil clump suppression mechanism (2), that is, the load fluctuation coefficient S of the oil clump suppression mechanism (2) is calculated as follows: ； in, The standard deviation T of the load within this time window max -T min ; This represents the average load within that time window. When judging, when the load fluctuation coefficient S of the oil clump suppression mechanism (2) increases and continues to exceed the preset threshold range, it is determined that there is a local oil clump or agglomeration trend in the oil clump suppression mechanism (2); when the load fluctuation coefficient S of the oil clump suppression mechanism (2) is small and stable, it is determined that the material is mixed evenly and no local oil clumps are formed. S5. Determine whether the spatial distribution of oil globules within the oil globule suppression mechanism is uniform; The coefficient of difference in spatial distribution of oil clusters within the oil cluster suppression mechanism (2) is calculated as follows:

9. Among them, Let be the instantaneous load value of the i-th planetary gear. This represents the average load on each planetary gear; During the judgment, the spatial distribution difference coefficient U of the oil clump is compared with a preset threshold. When the vertical difference coefficient U of the spatial distribution of the oil clump exceeds the preset threshold, it is determined that the oil clump distribution in the oil clump suppression mechanism (2) is uneven and there is an oil clump risk.

10. The discrimination method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The discrimination process, which comprehensively analyzes the overall load discrimination coefficient K, the load fluctuation coefficient S, and the oil patch spatial distribution difference coefficient U, includes the following steps: When K, S, and U are all normal: the material is mixed evenly, and the current operating parameters are maintained. When K is abnormal and S and U are normal: determine the overall oil mass risk, maintain or increase the speed of the drive motor (2.8) and control the fuel injection speed of the fuel oil nozzle (1.5); When S is abnormal and K and U are normal: it is determined to be the initial stage of local oil clump formation, and the material is in the local shearing and crushing stage. At this time, the speed of the drive motor (2.8) is increased to enhance the shear strength of the sun gear stirring assembly and the planetary gear stirring assembly, and promote the rapid disintegration and redispersion of the local oil clump. When U is abnormal and K and S are normal: it is determined that the oil clumps have structural non-uniformity in spatial distribution. At this time, the speed of the drive motor (2.8) is reduced and the mixing time is extended so that the material can be redistributed under low disturbance intensity, weakening the continuous existence of local oil-rich areas. At the same time, the injection rate of the fuel oil nozzle (1.5) is adjusted synchronously as needed to improve the local oil supply uniformity. When K, S, and U are all abnormal: it is determined that oil clumps have formed or the overall mixing is uneven, and therefore comprehensive control measures are required.

Images