A photovoltaic support system lifecycle traceability device, system, and method based on passive sensing and digital twin.

Abstract

This invention provides a photovoltaic support bracket full lifecycle traceability device, system, and method based on passive sensing and digital twins. The traceability device includes a housing and a main control MCU module encapsulated within the housing, as well as a power management module, an EEPROM storage module, a sensor monitoring module, and an NFC communication module. The output of the power management module is connected to other modules to supply power. The main control MCU module is connected to the EEPROM storage module, the sensor monitoring module, and the NFC communication module respectively, controlling data acquisition, transmission, and storage, and is responsible for data scheduling. The EEPROM storage module stores UID, production batch, tamper-proof status bit, and historical environmental monitoring data. The sensor monitoring module monitors the ambient temperature, humidity, and stress state of the support bracket. The NFC communication module enables passive / semi-active near-field communication with a handheld terminal APP. This invention achieves "one item, one code" full-chain management from raw materials to end-of-life recycling, and realizes visualized management of project progress.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of photovoltaic power generation project management and industrial Internet of Things technology, specifically a photovoltaic support system, system and method based on passive sensing and digital twin for full life cycle traceability. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the photovoltaic power generation industry, photovoltaic brackets, as an important basic structure supporting photovoltaic modules, directly affect the safety and power generation efficiency of photovoltaic power plants in terms of their quality and installation accuracy.

[0003] However, existing technologies have the following significant drawbacks in the full lifecycle management of photovoltaic mounting systems:

[0004] 1. Poor environmental adaptability and easy failure of labels: Traditional paper or ordinary sticker labels cannot withstand the high ultraviolet radiation, high and low temperature alternation and rain and snow erosion in photovoltaic fields for 20-25 years. They are very easy to age and fall off, resulting in the inability to identify them during the operation and maintenance period.

[0005] 2. Lack of physical anti-counterfeiting and anti-tampering mechanisms: Existing labels are easily torn off and transferred, making it difficult to detect counterfeit behaviors such as "passing off inferior goods as superior ones" or "swapping labels".

[0006] 3. Data Disconnect Between Design and Construction: BIM model data from the design phase is completely disconnected from on-site construction. Construction personnel often cannot verify in real time whether the currently installed bracket model accurately matches the position on the design drawings, making it difficult to detect misinstallation or omissions in a timely manner.

[0007] 4. Limitations of passive sensing: Ordinary passive NFC / RFID tags can only store static IDs and cannot sense environmental conditions; while active tags have limited battery life and extremely high maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the shortcomings of the existing technologies, this invention provides a photovoltaic support system, device, and method for tracing the entire lifecycle of photovoltaic supports based on passive sensing and digital twins. It features unique identification, physical anti-tampering alarm, micro-energy self-powered supply, and BIM spatial verification capabilities. It is particularly suitable for the digital identification, physical anti-counterfeiting, and BIM (Building Information Modeling) consistency verification and management of support components in large-scale ground-mounted photovoltaic power plants.

[0009] The technical solution provided by this invention is as follows: A photovoltaic bracket full life cycle traceability device based on passive sensing and digital twin, including a housing and a main control MCU module encapsulated in the housing, as well as a power management module, an EEPROM storage module, a sensor monitoring module and an NFC communication module. The output of the power management module is connected to other modules to supply power. The main control MCU module is connected to the EEPROM storage module, the sensor monitoring module and the NFC communication module respectively to control the acquisition, transmission and storage of data and to be responsible for data scheduling. The EEPROM storage module is used to store UID, production batch, tamper status bit and historical environmental monitoring data. The sensor monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature, humidity and stress state of the environment in which the bracket is located. The NFC communication module is used to realize passive / semi-active near-field communication with a handheld terminal APP.

[0010] Furthermore, the back of the housing is provided with a self-locking buckle or a one-way anti-disassembly bolt hole adapted to the photovoltaic bracket slot.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes an anti-tamper detection circuit. The two ends of the anti-tamper detection circuit are respectively connected to two general-purpose input / output pins of the main control MCU module. One pin is configured to output a high level, and the other pin is configured to input an interrupt detection. The anti-tamper detection circuit is a fragile conductive medium printed on the inner surface of the housing or embedded in the mounting clip. The fragile conductive medium is selected from conductive silver paste, carbon ink printed circuit, metal foil film or micro metal wire.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a BLE / LoRa communication interface module for scenarios that require real-time proactive data reporting.

[0013] Another technical solution provided by this invention: a photovoltaic support system for the entire lifecycle based on passive sensing and digital twins, including the aforementioned traceability device, as well as a mobile terminal APP, a cloud data center, and a management backend system.

[0014] Mobile terminal apps are used as on-site interactive tools and edge computing nodes, cloud data centers are used as data storage warehouses and logical computing cores, and management back-end systems are used as decision analysis and visualization platforms.

[0015] Furthermore, the mobile terminal APP includes:

[0016] NFC Read / Write Module: Uses the phone's NFC hardware to read and write tags;

[0017] Location service module: Calls GPS / BeiDou / RTK interfaces to obtain high-precision latitude and longitude;

[0018] Offline caching module: Temporarily stores BIM data and installation records in environments without network access, and resumes downloading after a breakpoint when connected to the network.

[0019] Furthermore, the cloud data center includes:

[0020] Relational database: storage rack basic attribute table, personnel permission table;

[0021] Time-series databases store historical trends in environmental sensor data;

[0022] BIM Model Database: Stores the 3D design model and component coordinate data of photovoltaic power plants;

[0023] API Gateway: Handles concurrent requests from mobile terminal apps and management backend systems, and performs identity authentication.

[0024] Furthermore, the cloud data center also includes:

[0025] Production Information Module: Generates and manages relevant information about the stent, is responsible for issuing and deduplicating UIDs, and archiving raw material quality inspection reports. As the data source, the Production Information Module provides basic stent parameters to all subsequent modules.

[0026] Transportation tracking module: Monitors logistics trajectory, retrieves shipping list from production information module, pushes "delivered" notification to construction and installation module, and triggers warehousing and acceptance process;

[0027] Construction and Installation Module: Responsible for BIM coordinate comparison, installation progress statistics and personnel performance management. It calls data from the production information module to verify whether the bracket model installed on site is correct. After installation, it pushes the accurate installation location coordinates to the "Operation and Maintenance Monitoring Module" as the basis for future inspection and navigation.

[0028] Operation and maintenance monitoring module: records inspection logs, defect elimination closed loop and health assessment, reads the as-built data handed over by the construction and installation module, and if a batch of quality problems are found, it will be linked back to the production information module.

[0029] Furthermore, the management backend system includes:

[0030] Digital twin large screen: Based on GIS map, it displays the overall view of the power station and uses different colors to mark the installation status and health of the brackets;

[0031] Progress management dashboard: Statistics on daily installation quantity and comparison with planned progress;

[0032] Early warning center module: pop-up displays anti-tamper alarm, location verification failure alarm, and quality anomaly records;

[0033] Report export module: Generates a full lifecycle traceability report.

[0034] Another technical solution provided by this invention: a photovoltaic support system lifecycle traceability method based on passive sensing and digital twins, implemented based on the above-mentioned traceability system, including the following steps:

[0035] Step S1: Production Coding Stage

[0036] After the photovoltaic bracket is produced, the factory uses a card writing device to write initial identity information into the device's EEPROM via the NFC interface. This includes a unique UID, manufacturer code, raw material batch number, and production date. After writing is completed, the "production information storage area" is locked to prevent subsequent tampering.

[0037] Step S2: Logistics and Transportation Stage

[0038] During loading and unloading, logistics personnel use a mobile terminal APP to scan the NFC device in batches. The system automatically records the timestamp and GPS location of the scan and uploads it to the cloud "transportation tracking module" to update the logistics status.

[0039] Step S3: Digital Installation Phase

[0040] Construction workers scan the bracket label at the installation site. The mobile terminal APP automatically obtains the current RTK high-precision positioning coordinates. The mobile terminal APP calculates the Euclidean distance between the "measured coordinates" and the "BIM design coordinates" sent from the cloud. If the distance deviation δ ≤ the threshold, the verification passes, and the mobile terminal APP updates the bracket status to "installed" and uploads the installer ID and on-site photos. If the distance deviation δ > the threshold, the verification fails, and the mobile terminal APP alarms with "location error or model mismatch" and prohibits data entry into the system.

[0041] Step S4: Operation and Maintenance Monitoring Phase

[0042] Maintenance personnel conduct regular inspections, scan NFC tags, and the internal MCU reads the historical extreme values ​​recorded by the sensor monitoring module and transmits them to the mobile terminal APP via NFC. Maintenance personnel enter the inspection results in the APP, and the data is synchronized to the maintenance monitoring module in the cloud to form an electronic health record.

[0043] Step S5: End-of-life recycling stage

[0044] When the bracket reaches the end of its service life and is disassembled, the material information is read by scanning the label, it is sorted and recycled, and the UID is deregistered in the system.

[0045] The main technical innovations of this invention include:

[0046] 1. Dual-mode micro-energy management: It adopts a hybrid power supply architecture of "NFC instantaneous inductive power supply + micro photovoltaic environmental energy harvesting", and uses instantaneous energy storage units (which can be supercapacitors, tantalum capacitors or micro solid-state batteries with high-rate charge and discharge characteristics) as a buffer to solve the contradiction between insufficient computing power of passive tags and short lifespan of active tags.

[0047] 2. Physical anti-tamper circuit: Through the combination of embedded mounting structure and internal conductive circuit, once the device is forcibly disassembled, the circuit fuse mark is immediately triggered, realizing hardware-level anti-counterfeiting.

[0048] 3. BIM Spatial Consistency Verification: At the system level, an innovative "geofencing verification algorithm" is introduced to automatically compare the actual measured coordinates on site with the BIM design coordinates in the cloud, ensuring that the coordinates are "correct and accurate".

[0049] This invention, through a combination of hardware and software, brings the following beneficial effects:

[0050] 1. Full life cycle traceability: It realizes the "one item, one code" full-chain management from raw materials to scrap recycling.

[0051] 2. High reliability and maintenance-free: Utilizing NFC sensing and photovoltaic micro-power supply, coupled with IP67-level packaging, it solves the problems of battery life and aging in outdoor environments.

[0052] 3. Eliminate counterfeits: The dual protection of physical anti-tamper circuitry and encrypted UID effectively prevents the bracket from being swapped or counterfeited.

[0053] 4. Construction accuracy control: By using BIM spatial verification algorithms, on-site installation behavior is strictly regulated, rework rate is reduced, and project progress is visualized and managed. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the traceability system of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 This is a data flow flowchart of the traceability system of the present invention during use;

[0056] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the data collection and uploading process when using the traceability system of this invention;

[0057] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the traceability system of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 5 This is a hardware signal and power supply path diagram of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the installation of the traceability device of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-tamper detection circuit of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0061] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0062] like Figure 6 The device shown is a photovoltaic support system with a full lifecycle traceability mechanism based on passive sensing and digital twins. This device is designed as an industrial-grade IoT terminal that can work outdoors for extended periods. Its specific structure and circuit logic are as follows:

[0063] 1. Structure and Packaging

[0064] Shell material: It is made of weather-resistant engineering plastics (such as modified polycarbonate PC) or stainless steel with a fully sealed enclosure, and the protection level reaches IP67, which has the ability to resist ultraviolet rays, water and dust.

[0065] Installation structure: The back of the device is designed with self-locking buckles or one-way anti-disassembly bolt holes to fit the slots of photovoltaic brackets (C-shaped steel / U-shaped steel).

[0066] Anti-tamper detection circuit: A fragile conductive dielectric circuit is pre-embedded inside the clip or mounting surface. This fragile conductive dielectric circuit can be made of materials such as conductive silver paste, carbon ink printed circuit, metal foil film, or fine metal wire. When the device is fixed to the bracket, the circuit is closed; once the device is forcibly pried off, the physical structure breaks, causing the detection line to open. After the MCU detects the change in level, it permanently marks the internal status register as "TAMPERED" (damaged), and an alarm will be triggered directly the next time it is read.

[0067] The two ends of the tamper detection circuit are connected to two general purpose input / output (GPIO) pins of the main control MCU module. One pin is configured to output high, and the other pin is configured to input interrupt / ADC.

[0068] The tamper detection circuit is not a separate wire, but a fragile conductive medium (such as conductive silver paste lines or extremely fine metal foil) printed on the inner surface of the device's bottom shell or embedded in the mounting clip.

[0069] When the traceability device is fastened to the photovoltaic bracket by clips or bolts, the bottom shell is under force, the internal conductive medium is in a good connection state, and the circuit is closed.

[0070] Triggering mechanism: Once someone attempts to forcibly disassemble (pry or smash), the device's bottom shell or snap-fit ​​structure will deform or break, directly causing the conductive medium attached to it to physically break (open circuit).

[0071] Signal detection logic as follows Figure 7 As shown: The MCU periodically checks the level state of the input pins:

[0072] (1) Normal state: The circuit is closed, the input pin detects a high level, and the system determines that the device has not been damaged.

[0073] (2) Alarm status: The circuit is disconnected (tampered with), and the input pin is pulled low by the pull-down resistor. After the MCU captures the falling edge signal, it immediately triggers the "anti-tamper interrupt", modifies the "status bit" in the internal EEPROM to "tampered / abnormal", and sends an alarm signal to the outside.

[0074] 2. Hardware circuit architecture, such as Figure 4 As shown, it includes:

[0075] (1) Power Management Module (PMU)

[0076] Composition: Includes a micro photovoltaic panel, an NFC radio frequency power supply circuit (receiving energy from the reader's magnetic field), a rectifier and voltage regulator circuit, and an instantaneous energy storage unit.

[0077] The circuit integrates an instantaneous energy storage unit (which can be a supercapacitor, tantalum capacitor, or a miniature solid-state battery with high-rate charge-discharge characteristics). When the NFC sensor approaches, it prioritizes charging the capacitor; when the voltage reaches a threshold (e.g., 2.7V), it releases energy to drive the MCU. This ensures that even with rapid scanning (extremely short contact time), the encrypted data can be completely written.

[0078] Connection relationship: The output of the power management module is connected to the VCC pin of all other modules (MCU, storage, sensing, communication) to supply them with power.

[0079] (2) Main control MCU module

[0080] Composition: Ultra-low power microcontroller, responsible for protocol parsing, encryption and decryption operations, and anti-tamper logic judgment.

[0081] Function: The core brain of the system, responsible for data scheduling.

[0082] Connections: Connect to the EEPROM storage module via I2C / SPI bus (for reading and writing data). Connect to the sensor monitoring module via ADC / GPIO interface (for acquiring environmental data). Connect to the communication interface module via UART / SPI interface (for extending long-distance communication). Connect to the NFC communication module via NFC controller interface (for near-field interaction).

[0083] (3) EEPROM storage module

[0084] Function: The memory retains its value even when power is off, and is used to store UID, production batch, tamper-proof status bit, and historical environmental monitoring data.

[0085] Connection relationship: bidirectional communication with MCU, receiving write commands or returning stored data.

[0086] (4) Sensing and monitoring module

[0087] Composition: Temperature and humidity sensor, stress / vibration sensor.

[0088] Function: Monitor the ambient temperature and stress conditions of the support (such as vibration caused by strong winds).

[0089] Connection relationship: Send the acquired analog or digital signals to the MCU.

[0090] (5) NFC communication module

[0091] Composition: NFC radio frequency antenna and radio frequency front-end circuit.

[0092] Function: Enables passive / semi-active near-field communication with a handheld terminal APP.

[0093] Connection relationship: The antenna receives external signals and transmits them to the MCU, while simultaneously modulating and transmitting the data from the MCU.

[0094] Environmental recording in non-communication mode: When not woken up by the NFC reader and with sufficient ambient light, the PMU uses the micro-energy generated by the photovoltaic cell to drive the low-power sensor to perform intermittent sampling (such as recording the highest temperature once per hour) and writes the extreme values ​​to the EEPROM. This allows maintenance personnel to read the environmental stress history of the bracket over a period of time, rather than just its current state, when scanning the code again.

[0095] (6) Communication interface module BLE / LoRa

[0096] The BLE / LoRa communication interface module is an optional expansion module used in scenarios that require real-time active data reporting. If it is only used for passive traceability, NFC is the primary method.

[0097] like Figure 1 The photovoltaic support system based on passive sensing and digital twins, as shown, includes the aforementioned traceability device and further includes:

[0098] 1. Mobile handheld terminal (APP)

[0099] Roles: On-site interactive tools and edge computing nodes.

[0100] Detailed components / functions:

[0101] NFC Read / Write Module: Uses the phone's NFC hardware to read and write tags.

[0102] Location service module: Calls GPS / BeiDou / RTK interfaces to obtain high-precision latitude and longitude.

[0103] Offline caching module: Temporarily stores BIM data and installation records in environments without network access, and resumes downloading after a breakpoint when connected to the network.

[0104] 2. Cloud Data Center

[0105] Role: Data storage warehouse and core of logical computing.

[0106] Detailed components / functions:

[0107] Relational databases (MySQL / PostgreSQL): storage rack basic attribute tables, personnel permission tables.

[0108] Time-series database (InfluxDB): Stores historical trends of environmental sensor data.

[0109] BIM Model Database: Stores 3D design models and component coordinate data of photovoltaic power plants.

[0110] API Gateway: Handles concurrent requests between the app and the backend, and performs identity authentication.

[0111] Also includes:

[0112] (1) Production Information Module

[0113] Function: Generates and manages the "birth certificate" of stents. Responsible for UID issuance, deduplication, and archiving of raw material quality inspection reports.

[0114] Interaction: As the data source, it provides the basic parameters of the support structure to all subsequent modules (e.g., whether it is C-shaped steel or U-shaped steel, and whether the material is hot-dip galvanized or aluminum-magnesium-manganese).

[0115] (2) Transportation tracking module

[0116] Function: Monitor logistics tracking.

[0117] Interaction: Obtain the shipment list from the "Production Information Module"; push the "Arrived" notification to the "Construction and Installation Module" to trigger the warehousing and acceptance process.

[0118] (3) Construction and installation module

[0119] Functions: Responsible for BIM coordinate comparison, installation progress statistics, and personnel performance management.

[0120] Interaction: The system retrieves data from the "Production Information Module" to verify the correct model of the installed bracket (e.g., to prevent the uprights from being installed as beams). After installation, the accurate installation location coordinates (GIS data) are pushed to the "Operation and Maintenance Monitoring Module" as a basis for future inspections and navigation.

[0121] (4) Operation and maintenance monitoring module

[0122] Functions: Record inspection logs, defect elimination closed loop, and health assessment.

[0123] Interaction: Read the completed data handed over by the "Construction and Installation Module"; if a batch quality problem is found (such as all of a batch being rusted), it can be linked back to the "Production Information Module" to trace which batch of raw materials had the problem, thus achieving reverse traceability.

[0124] 3. Management backend system (Web interface)

[0125] Role: Decision analysis and visualization platform (for managers).

[0126] Detailed components / functions:

[0127] Digital twin screen: Based on a GIS map, it displays the overall view of the power station and uses different colors (green / yellow / red) to mark the installation status and health of the brackets.

[0128] Progress management dashboard: Statistics on daily installations and comparison with planned progress.

[0129] Early warning center module: pop-up displays anti-tamper alarm, location verification failure alarm, and quality anomaly records.

[0130] Report export module: Generates full lifecycle traceability reports (PDF / Excel).

[0131] A method for tracing the entire lifecycle of photovoltaic brackets based on passive sensing and digital twins, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0132] Step S1: Production coding stage (data initialization)

[0133] After the photovoltaic bracket is produced, the factory uses a card writing device to write the initial identity information (including: unique UID, manufacturer code, raw material batch number, and manufacturing date) into the device's EEPROM via the NFC interface.

[0134] Unique Identifier (UID) Generation Rules

[0135] UID = HASH(Manufacturer Code + Production Serial Number + Timestamp + Random Salt Value)

[0136] Hash algorithms are used to ensure the global uniqueness and unpredictability of codes, preventing mass forgery.

[0137] After writing is complete, lock the "Production Information Storage Area" to prevent subsequent tampering.

[0138] Step S2: Logistics and Transportation Stage (Location Tracking)

[0139] During loading and unloading, logistics personnel use handheld terminals to scan NFC devices in batches.

[0140] The system automatically records the timestamp and GPS location of the scan and uploads them to the cloud "transportation tracking module" to update the logistics status (e.g., out of the warehouse, in transit, arrived).

[0141] Step S3: Digital Installation Phase (Core: BIM Verification)

[0142] Construction workers scan the bracket labels at the installation site.

[0143] The handheld terminal APP automatically obtains the current RTK high-precision positioning coordinates.

[0144] The app calculates the Euclidean distance between the measured coordinates and the BIM design coordinates sent from the cloud.

[0145] Spatial Consistency Verification Algorithm Based on Digital Twin

[0146] To address the "incorrect installation" issue, the system incorporates the following verification logic:

[0147] (1) Data mapping: The BIM model of the photovoltaic power station is pre-imported into the cloud database, and the UID <-> design coordinates are established. , The mapping relationship of ).

[0148] (2) Real-time calculation: When the field terminal uploads the measured coordinates ( , When performing this operation, the server calculates the Euclidean distance deviation (the verification logic includes not only latitude and longitude deviations but also elevation deviations to prevent misaligned installation of supports in complex terrain).

[0149] (3) Judgment and feedback:

[0150] like (For example, 0.5 meters): The installation position is determined to be correct, and the verification passes. The APP updates the bracket status to "Installed" and uploads the installer's ID and on-site photos. The system automatically links the BIM model status.

[0151] like The system is deemed to have an abnormal location (e.g., construction workers used a similar-sized but different-model bracket), and verification fails. The app will display an alarm message "Location error or model mismatch," and data entry will be prohibited from entering data into the system.

[0152] Data anti-tampering mechanism

[0153] Key node data (such as quality inspection results and installation coordinates) are stored using a blockchain or hash chain structure.

[0154] Trace(Block_N) = Hash(Data_N + Hash(Block_N-1)) ensures that the historical record cannot be tampered with at a single point.

[0155] Step S4: Operation and Maintenance Monitoring Phase (Status Update)

[0156] Maintenance personnel conduct regular inspections and scan NFC tags.

[0157] The device's internal MCU reads historical extreme values ​​(such as historical highest temperature and maximum vibration amplitude) recorded by the "sensor monitoring module" and transmits them to the APP via NFC.

[0158] Maintenance personnel enter inspection results (normal / rust / loose bolts) into the APP, and the data is synchronized to the "maintenance monitoring module" in the cloud to form an electronic health record.

[0159] Step S5: End-of-life recycling stage (closed loop)

[0160] When the bracket reaches the end of its service life and is disassembled, the material information is read by scanning the label, it is sorted and recycled, and the UID is deregistered in the system.

[0161] The photovoltaic support traceability device and system provided by this invention realizes full-process information traceability and digital management of photovoltaic support from manufacturing to operation and maintenance through a combination of hardware and software.

[0162] The system has a reasonable structure and complete functions, and is valuable for promotion and application. It can be widely used in photovoltaic engineering construction, intelligent operation and maintenance and equipment life cycle management, providing technical support for the digital management of new energy infrastructure.

[0163] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic support system lifecycle traceability device based on passive sensing and digital twin, characterized in that, The system includes a housing and a main control MCU module encapsulated within the housing, as well as a power management module, an EEPROM storage module, a sensor monitoring module, and an NFC communication module. The output of the power management module is connected to other modules to provide power. The main control MCU module is connected to the EEPROM storage module, the sensor monitoring module, and the NFC communication module respectively to control the acquisition, transmission, and storage of data and to be responsible for data scheduling. The EEPROM storage module is used to store UID, production batch, tamper-proof status bit, and historical environmental monitoring data. The sensor monitoring module is used to monitor the ambient temperature, humidity, and stress state of the bracket. The NFC communication module is used to realize passive / semi-active near-field communication with the handheld terminal APP.

2. The photovoltaic support full life cycle traceability device based on passive sensing and digital twin as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The back of the housing is provided with a self-locking buckle or a one-way anti-disassembly bolt hole adapted to the slot of the photovoltaic bracket.

3. The photovoltaic support full life cycle traceability device based on passive sensing and digital twin as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an anti-tamper detection circuit. The two ends of the anti-tamper detection circuit are respectively connected to two general-purpose input / output pins of the main control MCU module. One pin is configured to output a high level, and the other pin is configured to input an interrupt detection. The anti-tamper detection circuit is a fragile conductive medium printed on the inner surface of the housing or embedded in the mounting clip. The fragile conductive medium is selected from conductive silver paste, carbon ink printed circuit, metal foil film or micro metal wire.

4. The photovoltaic support full life cycle traceability device based on passive sensing and digital twin as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the BLE / LoRa communication interface module for scenarios that require real-time proactive data reporting.

5. A photovoltaic support system for full lifecycle traceability based on passive sensing and digital twins, characterized in that, Including the traceability device as described in any one of claims 1-4, it also includes a mobile terminal APP, a cloud data center, and a management backend system. Mobile terminal apps are used as on-site interactive tools and edge computing nodes, cloud data centers are used as data storage warehouses and logical computing cores, and management back-end systems are used as decision analysis and visualization platforms.

6. A photovoltaic support system based on passive sensing and digital twins for full lifecycle traceability according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mobile terminal APP includes: NFC Read / Write Module: Uses the phone's NFC hardware to read and write tags; Location service module: Calls GPS / BeiDou / RTK interfaces to obtain high-precision latitude and longitude; Offline caching module: Temporarily stores BIM data and installation records in environments without network access, and resumes downloading after a breakpoint when connected to the network.

7. A photovoltaic support system based on passive sensing and digital twins for full lifecycle traceability according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cloud data center includes: Relational database: storage rack basic attribute table, personnel permission table; Time-series databases store historical trends in environmental sensor data; BIM Model Database: Stores the 3D design model and component coordinate data of photovoltaic power plants; API Gateway: Handles concurrent requests from mobile terminal apps and management backend systems, and performs identity authentication.

8. A photovoltaic support system based on passive sensing and digital twins for full lifecycle traceability according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cloud data center also includes: Production Information Module: Generates and manages relevant information for photovoltaic brackets, is responsible for UID issuance and deduplication, and archives raw material quality inspection reports. As the data source, the production information module provides basic parameters of the brackets to all subsequent modules. Transportation tracking module: Monitors logistics trajectory, retrieves shipping list from production information module, pushes "delivered" notification to construction and installation module, and triggers warehousing and acceptance process; Construction and Installation Module: Responsible for BIM coordinate comparison, installation progress statistics and personnel performance management. It calls data from the Production Information Module to verify whether the bracket model installed on site is correct. After installation, it pushes the accurate installation location coordinates to the "Operation and Maintenance Monitoring Module" as the basis for future inspection and navigation. Operation and maintenance monitoring module: records inspection logs, defect elimination closed loop and health assessment, reads the as-built data handed over by the construction and installation module, and if a batch of quality problems are found, it will be linked back to the production information module.

9. A photovoltaic support system based on passive sensing and digital twins for the entire lifecycle of photovoltaic brackets according to claim 5, characterized in that, The management backend system includes: Digital twin large screen: Based on GIS map, it displays the overall view of the power station and uses different colors to mark the installation status and health of the brackets; Progress management dashboard: Statistics on daily installation quantity and comparison with planned progress; Early warning center module: pop-up displays anti-tamper alarm, location verification failure alarm, and quality anomaly records; Report export module: Generates a full lifecycle traceability report.

10. A method for tracing the entire lifecycle of photovoltaic brackets based on passive sensing and digital twins, implemented based on the traceability system described in claim 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Production Coding Stage After the photovoltaic bracket is produced, the factory uses a card writing device to write initial identity information into the device's EEPROM via the NFC interface. This information includes a unique UID, manufacturer code, raw material batch number, and production date. After writing is completed, the "production information storage area" is locked to prevent subsequent tampering. Step S2: Logistics and Transportation Stage During loading and unloading, logistics personnel use a mobile app to scan NFC devices in batches. The system automatically records the timestamp and GPS location of the scan and uploads it to the cloud "transportation tracking module" to update the logistics status. Step S3: Digital Installation Phase Construction workers scan the bracket label at the installation site. The mobile terminal APP automatically obtains the current RTK high-precision positioning coordinates. The mobile terminal APP calculates the Euclidean distance between the "measured coordinates" and the "BIM design coordinates" sent from the cloud. If the distance deviation δ ≤ the threshold, the verification passes, and the mobile terminal APP updates the bracket status to "installed" and uploads the installer ID and on-site photos. If the distance deviation δ > the threshold, the verification fails, and the mobile terminal APP alarms with "location error or model mismatch" and prohibits data entry into the system. Step S4: Operation and Maintenance Monitoring Phase Maintenance personnel conduct regular inspections, scan NFC tags, and the internal MCU reads the historical extreme values ​​recorded by the sensor monitoring module and transmits them to the mobile terminal APP via NFC. Maintenance personnel enter the inspection results in the APP, and the data is synchronized to the maintenance monitoring module in the cloud to form an electronic health record. Step S5: End-of-life recycling stage When the bracket reaches the end of its service life and is disassembled, the material information is read by scanning the label, it is sorted and recycled, and the UID is deregistered in the system.

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