Equipment for producing pellets
By using a pivot arm and eccentric shaft connected by multiple drives to adjust the position of the inner column in the device, the wear problem of the device under high mechanical load is solved, and the efficient forming of materials that are difficult to granulate into granules is achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 迈克尔·沙伊德尔
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing equipment is prone to high mechanical loads when processing materials that are difficult to granulate, leading to mechanical deformation and wear, and cannot effectively adapt to differences in material properties and dimensions.
By connecting each pivot arm to multiple actuators, especially three hydraulic cylinders, the force distribution is optimized and the pressing force is increased. Combined with the adjustment of the inner column position by the eccentric shaft to adjust the gap width, efficient granulation is achieved.
It improves the equipment's ability to adapt to high loads, reduces mechanical deformation and wear, and ensures that materials can be effectively formed into granules.
Smart Images
Figure CN122138906A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing granules, comprising: a machine frame; a hollow outer column supported in the machine frame and having a first axis of rotation; and an inner column disposed in the outer column and having a second axis of rotation, wherein a wedge-shaped gap is formed between the inner surface of the outer column and the outer surface of the inner column, the outer column and / or the inner column having radial holes for extruding material through, and a pivot arm is respectively disposed on each side of the inner column, the inner column being rotatably supported on the pivot arm, wherein each pivot arm is supported on the machine frame by a pivot bearing having a pivot axis. Background Technology
[0002] Such a device is known from WO 2018 / 104457A1.
[0003] Compressing pulverized materials into pellet form (also known as pelleting) offers numerous advantages, such as increased bulk density, standardized material dimensions, and prevention of segregation of different raw materials. In the processing of fuels, feed, or bedding materials, pellets made from pulverized biomass (such as wood pellets, straw pellets, or waste pellets) have become increasingly important over the past few decades and now hold a significant position.
[0004] Because the materials to be granulated (especially pulverized biomass) can have very different properties, particularly in terms of material characteristics and dimensions, it is advantageous to be able to adjust the granulation force according to the specific needs. For some materials that are difficult to granulate and therefore require high granulation force, the equipment may be subjected to high mechanical loads, resulting in mechanical deformation. This not only accelerates material fatigue but also increases equipment wear. Summary of the Invention
[0005] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a device of the above type, which is particularly well adapted to higher loads.
[0006] According to the present invention, this objective is achieved by a device having the features of claim 1.
[0007] Preferred and advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
[0008] According to the present invention, each pivot arm is connected to at least two actuators, by means of which the corresponding pivot arm can pivot about a pivot bearing. This not only allows the force of the actuators to be better distributed across the pivot arm, but also generates higher compressive force for materials that are difficult to granulate.
[0009] In this invention, it is particularly preferred that each pivot arm is connected to three actuators, as this allows the aforementioned advantages to be better realized. More than three actuators may also be used if necessary.
[0010] A practical and advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that all drives are arranged on the same side of the pivot arm. In this case, they can be placed side by side, and both the machine frame and the pivot arm can preferably be reinforced only in this area.
[0011] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, each actuator can generate a force, preferably a tension, along a force vector.
[0012] In this context, the invention also preferably features force vectors of the individual actuators arranged in parallel side-by-side. This results in forces being transmitted to the pivot arm in a consistent manner and optimally in terms of the position of the inner cylinder relative to the outer cylinder.
[0013] In this invention, it is also preferred that the force vectors of all actuators are located on the side of the inner cylinder's axis of rotation away from the pivot axis. Although this is not necessarily required, it is still advantageous because all actuators thus have a longer lever arm than the inner cylinder's axis of rotation, which is advantageous in terms of force ratio.
[0014] Furthermore, in this invention, it is preferred that the pivot axis of the pivot bearing and the "point of action of the actuator on the pivot arm" are substantially on the same line, and the force vector is oriented substantially perpendicular to this line. This also allows the force generated by the actuator to be optimally introduced into the pivot arm and transmitted to the inner column.
[0015] In this invention, the actuator is preferably a hydraulic cylinder because high forces can be generated in a proven manner. Other drive types, such as spindle drives, are also considered.
[0016] Within the scope of this invention, a particular embodiment is preferred, wherein each pivot arm is supported in a pivot bearing by means of an eccentric shaft. Thus, the distance between the rotation axes of the outer and inner cylinders, and consequently the gap width, can be reduced or increased very precisely, and can also be adjusted laterally to the force vector as needed and depending on the position of the eccentric shaft.
[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the eccentric shaft has a first segment with a first axis and a second segment with a second axis at both ends. The second axis is parallel to the first axis, i.e., spaced apart from it, thus the second segment is eccentric relative to the first segment. The eccentric shaft is rotatably supported in the machine frame with respect to the first segment and rotatably supported in a corresponding pivot arm with respect to the second segment. Therefore, the position of the inner column in the outer column can be adjusted by rotating the eccentric shaft.
[0018] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the inner column is designed as a hollow column and has a substantially radially oriented hole.
[0019] Preferably, the inner column is driven by a driver via a transmission device, and the material (especially pulverized biomass) is fed into the wedge-narrowed gap and pressed into the interior space of the inner column through the hole and extruded from the outer column. The material is thus compressed and formed into a granular shape. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Other details, features, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred, non-limiting embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings show:
[0021] Figure 1 A rough schematic isometric view of the device of the present invention. Figure 2 : Figure 1 Side view of the device, Figure 3 An isometric view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 4 : Figure 3 A side view of the device. Detailed Implementation
[0022] Embodiments of the device of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, but these embodiments are merely exemplary, and many components may be implemented in other ways within the scope of the invention besides the features of the invention (as defined in the claims), which need not be specifically mentioned below. In particular, the components and features described in the different embodiments of the invention can be arbitrarily combined with each other, even if not explicitly mentioned in every possible case.
[0023] Figure 1 and Figure 2 A first embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention for producing pellets, particularly pellets from pulverized biomass, is shown in a rough schematic manner, in isometric and frontal views.
[0024] A hollow outer column 2 is rotatably supported in the machine frame 1, and a hollow inner column 3 is disposed within the hollow outer column 2. A wedge-shaped gap 4 is formed between the inner surface of the outer column 2 and the outer surface of the inner column 3.
[0025] The outer cylinder 2 has a rotation axis 5, and the inner cylinder has a rotation axis 6, and these two rotation axes are parallel to each other.
[0026] Pivoting arms 7 are movably supported on the machine frame 1 on both sides of the outer column 2 and the inner column 3. The axis of rotation 6 of the inner column 3 is located approximately in the upper middle region of the pivot arm 7.
[0027] Each pivot arm 7 has two ends 8 and 9. One end 8 of the pivot arm 7 is supported on the machine frame 1 around a pivot bearing, wherein these pivot bearings have a common pivot axis 10.
[0028] In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, three actuators 11a, 11b, and 11c, in the form of hydraulic cylinders, are provided at the other end 9 of each pivot arm 7. These actuators are supported on the machine frame 1 at one end (preferably cylinder body 12a, 12b, 12c) and on the corresponding pivot arm 5 at the other end (preferably piston rod 13a, 13b, 13c).
[0029] The forces applied by the actuators 11a, 11b, and 11c to the respective pivot arms 7 have force vectors 14a, 14b, and 14c, which are preferably (but not necessarily) parallel to each other and pass beside the rotation axis 6 on the side away from the pivot axis 10.
[0030] exist Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the embodiment of the invention shown, the points of action (more precisely, the support axes 15a, 15b, and 15c, on which the piston rods 13a, 13b, and 13c are supported by the support axes on the corresponding pivot arms 7) are located on a straight line 16, and the pivot axis 10 of the pivot arm 7 is spaced from the straight line 16.
[0031] exist Figure 3 and Figure 4 In a preferred embodiment, the pivot axis 10 is also located on the straight line 16.
[0032] The force vectors 14a, 14b, and 14c are preferably perpendicular to the straight line 16.
[0033] The advantage of this structure is that it enables optimal force introduction for all components, as well as optimal operation or positioning of the inner column 3 within the outer column 2.
[0034] However, it is possible that one or more of the axes 10, 15a, 15b, 15c are separated from the line 16 by a distance, and that there are deviations in the angle between the line 16 and the force vectors 14a, 14b, 14c. This does not deviate from the core of the invention and does not necessarily have a significant adverse effect compared to the optimal solution.
[0035] exist Figures 1 to 4 In both embodiments, all actuators 11a, 11b, and 11c are located on one side of the pivot arm 7 (the lower side in the figures). Similarly, if space or mechanical reasons are advantageous, at least one of the actuators 11a, 11b, and 11c may be arranged in other locations on the pivot arm 7, such as the upper side. It is also possible that at least one of the actuators (e.g., actuator 11a) is located on the side of the rotation axis 6 of the inner column 3 facing the pivot axis 10, or that the force vector 14a of the actuator 11a passes beside the rotation axis 6 on the side facing the pivot axis 10.
[0036] The pivot axis 10 can be formed by an eccentric shaft 17 to adjust the position of the pivot arm 7, thereby adjusting the position of the inner column 3 within the outer column 2. This can also affect the position and size of the gap 4.
[0037] like Figure 4 As shown, the eccentric shaft 17 has two parallel axes 18 and 19, wherein the eccentric shaft 17 is supported in the machine frame at both ends by a first section defining axis 18 and in the pivot arm 7 by a second section defining axis 19.
[0038] By rotating the eccentric shaft 17 manually or with the aid of a drive (e.g., a three-phase motor), the end 8 of the pivot arm 7 is raised or lowered and simultaneously moved laterally. Through hydraulic cylinders 12a, 12b, 12c and the resulting two-degree-of-freedom connections between the pivot arm 7 and the machine frame 1, the pivot arm 7 is able to perform displacement accompanying the rotation of the eccentric shaft 17.
[0039] The outer column 2 is supported on both sides of the machine frame 1 by rolling bearings, and the inner column 3 is rotatably supported in the pivot arm 5 by a rolling bearing.
[0040] As described above, the adjustable wedge-shaped gap 4 has its maximum width in its upper middle region and its minimum width in its lower middle region. Although this is the optimal position of the gap 4 in the embodiment of the invention shown in the figures, the minimum and maximum gap regions can also be rotated a few degrees about the rotation axis 5 in one direction or the other.
[0041] The rotational drive of the inner cylinder 3 can be implemented as shown and described in WO 2018 / 104457 A1, and may include a clutch connecting the inner cylinder 3 to a transmission 20, which may be, for example, a planetary gear transmission. This transmission can be connected to a drive shaft (e.g., a universal joint) via another clutch, driven by a main drive, thereby rotating the inner cylinder 3. The outer cylinder 2 rotates in the same direction as the inner cylinder 3 due to the frictional forces generated between the cylinders 2 and 3 and the material compressed between them.
[0042] The material is fed into the space between the columns 2 and 3 through the filling port 20 in the upper region of the wedge-shaped gap 4, and moves towards the lower region of the gap 4 to the minimum width region by the rotation of the columns.
[0043] Both the outer column 2 and the inner column 3 can have substantially radially oriented holes through which material (especially pulverized biomass) is pressed and shaped into granules in the minimum width region of the gap 4 as the inner column 3 and outer column 2 rotate.
[0044] Particles formed by the outer column 2 fall from below the equipment, for example, directly into a collection container or onto a conveying system. Particles formed by the inner column 2 accumulate inside the inner column 2, and because the inner column 2 can open to one side, these particles can fall from or be removed from the side of the equipment.
[0045] List of reference numerals
[0046] 1. Machine Frame
[0047] 2 outer cylinder
[0048] 3 inner cylinder
[0049] 4 gaps
[0050] 5. Rotation axis
[0051] 6. Rotation axis
[0052] 7 Pivot Arm
[0053] 8 ends
[0054] 9 ends
[0055] 10 Pivot axis
[0056] 11a, 11b, 11c drivers
[0057] Cylinder blocks 12a, 12b, and 12c
[0058] Piston rods 13a, 13b, and 13c
[0059] Force vectors 14a, 14b, 14c
[0060] Support shafts 15a, 15b, and 15c
[0061] 16 straight lines
[0062] 17 Eccentric Shaft
[0063] 18 axis lines
[0064] 19 Axis
[0065] 20 Filler Port
Claims
1. An apparatus for producing pellets, the apparatus comprising: A machine frame (1); a hollow outer column (2) supported in the machine frame, the outer column having a first axis of rotation (5); and an inner column (3) disposed in the outer column (2), the inner column having a second axis of rotation (6), wherein a wedge-shaped gap (4) is formed between the inner surface of the outer column (2) and the outer surface of the inner column (3), the outer column (2) and / or the inner column (3) having radial holes for material to be squeezed through, and respectively provided on both sides of the inner column (3) A pivot arm (7), on which the inner column (3) is rotatably supported, each pivot arm (7) being supported on the machine frame (1) by a pivot bearing having a pivot axis (10), characterized in that each pivot arm (7) is pivotable about the pivot bearing by means of a driver (11a, 11b, 11c), and each pivot arm (7) is connected to at least two drivers (11a, 11b, 11c) by means of which the corresponding pivot arm (7) is pivotable about the pivot bearing.
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each pivot arm (7) is connected to three or more drivers (11a, 11b, 11c).
3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, All drives (11a, 11b, 11c) are arranged on the same side of the pivot arm (7).
4. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The force of each actuator (11a, 11b, 11c) acts along a force vector (14a, 14b, 14c).
5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The force vectors (14a, 14b, 14c) of the actuator are arranged in parallel side by side.
6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, All drives (11a, 11b, 11c) are arranged on the same side of the pivot arm (7).
7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The actuators (11a, 11b, 11c) are hydraulic cylinders.
8. The device according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that, The force vectors (14a, 14b, 14c) of all the actuators (11a, 11b, 11c) are located on the side of the rotation axis (6) of the inner cylinder (3) that is opposite to the pivot axis (10).
9. The device according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that: The pivot axis (10) of the pivot bearing and the point of action of the actuators (11a, 11b, 11c) on the pivot arm (7) are substantially on a straight line (16), and the force vectors (14a, 14b, 14c) are oriented substantially perpendicular to the straight line (16).
10. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Each pivot arm (7) is supported in the pivot bearing by means of an eccentric shaft (17).
11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The eccentric shaft (17) has a first section with a first axis (18) and a second section with a second axis (19) at both ends, the first axis (18) being parallel to the second axis (19), and the eccentric shaft (17) is rotatably supported in the machine frame (1) in the first section and rotatably supported in the corresponding pivot arm (7) in the second section.
12. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The inner column (3) is supported on the pivot arm (7) by bearings, particularly rolling bearings, preferably self-aligning roller bearings, and / or the outer column (2) is supported on the machine frame (1) on both sides by bearings, particularly rolling bearings, preferably self-aligning roller bearings.
13. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The inner column (3) is hollow.
14. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The inner column (3) is connected to the main drive via a transmission device on at least one side.