Ship bulkhead automatic laser MIG electric arc hybrid welding device and welding method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of metal welding equipment, in particular to a ship bulkhead automatic laser MIG electric arc composite welding device and a welding method, which comprises a device main body, a wire feeder, a laser welding head and a plurality of welding wire guide needles focused on one point are fixedly installed at the bottom of the device main body, an airflow distributor is fixedly installed on the device main body, a composite nozzle is fixedly installed at the tail end of the airflow distributor, a central air hole is arranged in the center of the composite nozzle, a plurality of peripheral air holes are arranged on the side of the central air hole at equal intervals, a protective gas source tank and a purification tank are also fixedly installed on the device main body; two groups of pump body structures are arranged on the device main body, each group of pump body structures comprises a pump body cylinder fixed on the device main body and a piston in sliding sealing cooperation with the pump body cylinder, the application can drive multiple components to synchronously operate by using one power source, so that smoke and dust can be timely and efficiently removed, the protective atmosphere can be stabilized during the welding process, and the welding quality and the cleanliness of the working environment are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal welding equipment technology, specifically to an automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device and welding method for ship bulkheads. Background Technology

[0002] As the core structure of a ship's hull, the welding quality and efficiency of ship bulkheads are of paramount importance. Currently, the welding of medium and heavy plate ship bulkheads mainly relies on traditional shielded metal arc welding, submerged arc welding, or conventional gas shielded welding. These methods generally suffer from problems such as high heat input, difficulty in controlling welding deformation, and low efficiency due to the need for multi-layer and multi-pass welding. Furthermore, they are highly dependent on the welder's skills, making it difficult to achieve high-quality and highly consistent automated production. Laser-MIG arc hybrid welding technology, on the other hand, combines the advantages of high laser energy density, fast welding speed, and narrow heat-affected zone with the strong bridging ability, good process adaptability, and filler wire capability of MIG welding, providing a new solution for efficient and high-quality welding of medium and heavy plates in ships. However, when applying laser-MIG hybrid welding to automated welding of ship bulkheads, a series of prominent challenges still exist.

[0003] The laser-MIG hybrid welding process generates a large amount of high-temperature metal vapor and fumes. These fumes can interfere with, absorb, or scatter laser energy, reducing welding efficiency and affecting the stability of the penetration depth. At the same time, they can easily contaminate the expensive protective lenses of the laser head, leading to optical system failure and distortion, which in turn directly affects the welding quality. In addition, if the welding fumes are not removed in a timely and effective manner, they can carry air into the welding area, destroying the protective atmosphere and causing oxidation and nitriding of the molten pool. This increases the risk of defects such as porosity and slag inclusions in the weld, affecting the density and mechanical properties of the weld, and has a particularly adverse effect on the hydrogen-induced cracking sensitivity of high-strength steel welding.

[0004] To address these issues, we provide an automated laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device and method for ship bulkheads. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device and method for ship bulkheads, which can deeply coordinate with the laser-MIG arc hybrid welding process, instantly and efficiently remove welding fumes, and at the same time ensure the stability of the welding process and the quality of the weld, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An automatic laser-MIG-arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads includes a main body. A wire feeder, a laser welding head, and multiple wire guide pins focused on a single point are fixedly installed at the bottom of the main body. An airflow distributor is fixedly installed on the main body, and a composite nozzle is fixedly installed at its end. A central air hole is opened in the center of the composite nozzle, and multiple peripheral air holes are equally spaced around the central air hole. A protective air source tank and a purification tank are also fixedly installed on the main body. The main body of the device is equipped with two sets of pump structures. Each set of pump structures includes a pump cylinder fixed to the main body of the device and a piston that slides and seals within it. An outer conduit and an inner conduit connected to an airflow distributor are fixed on the pump cylinder. The outer conduit of one set of pump structures is connected to a protective air source tank, and the inner conduit is connected to a central air hole. The outer conduit of the other set of pump structures is connected to a purification tank, and the inner conduit is connected to a peripheral air hole. The main body of the device is equipped with a piston rod that can move linearly back and forth, with its two ends fixed to two pistons respectively. The main body of the device is also provided with an air intake mechanism, which includes an air collection hood fixed to both sides of the main body of the device. A fan shaft is rotatably mounted on the air collection hood, and a fan is fixed on the fan shaft. A main shaft is rotatably mounted on the main body of the device. The main shaft cooperates with the piston rod and the fan shaft through a linkage mechanism, so that when it rotates, it can synchronously drive the piston rod to move linearly back and forth and the fan shaft to rotate.

[0007] The automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads as described above: an air inlet pipe is fixedly installed on the protective gas source tank, a filter screen is fixedly installed inside the purification tank, and an exhaust pipe is fixedly installed on the purification tank.

[0008] The automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads described above has one-way valves installed on the outer and inner conduits, allowing only one-way gas flow.

[0009] The automatic laser-MIG-arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads, as described above, has a motor fixedly mounted on its main body. The output end of the motor is connected to the main shaft via a coupling to drive the main shaft to rotate.

[0010] The automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads as described above: multiple equally spaced adsorption filter plates are fixedly installed inside the gas collection hood, and ventilation slots are provided on the gas collection hood.

[0011] The above-described automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads comprises: a linkage mechanism including a drive shaft rotatably mounted on the main body of the device; the drive shaft and the main shaft are connected by a first gear mechanism, and the rotation of the main shaft drives the drive shaft to rotate; the drive shaft and the fan shaft are connected by a second gear mechanism, and the rotation of the drive shaft drives the fan shaft to rotate; a rotating arm is fixedly mounted at the end of the main shaft; a transverse linear guide rail is fixedly mounted on the main body of the device; a transverse slider fixedly connected to a piston rod is slidably fitted on the transverse linear guide rail; a vertical linear guide rail is fixedly mounted on the transverse slider; and a vertical slider slidably fitted with the vertical linear guide rail is fixed at the end of the rotating arm.

[0012] The automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads as described above: the first gear mechanism includes a driving gear fixed on the main shaft and a driven gear fixed on the transmission shaft, wherein the driving gear and the driven gear mesh with each other.

[0013] The automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads as described above: the second gear mechanism includes a driving bevel gear fixed on the transmission shaft and a driven bevel gear fixed on the fan shaft, wherein the driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear mesh with each other.

[0014] The automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads, as described above, has a lighting lamp fixedly installed at the bottom of the main body of the device for auxiliary lighting during welding.

[0015] The welding method using the aforementioned automated laser-MIG arc hybrid welding apparatus for ship bulkheads includes the following steps: S1. Move the device to the starting position of the weld seam of the ship bulkhead to be welded, turn on the shielding gas source, turn on the laser welding head and the lighting lamp, and use the wire feeder and the wire guide needle to guide and deliver the welding wire to the welding point. S2, start the welding program, energize the welding wire, when it comes into contact with the workpiece, generate an electric arc to ignite and preheat the workpiece, then turn on the laser welding head to form a laser-arc composite heat source; at the same time, drive the spindle to rotate, and through the linkage mechanism, synchronously drive the piston rod to move linearly back and forth and the fan shaft to rotate. S3, the reciprocating motion of the piston rod drives the pistons of the two sets of pump structures to reciprocate, causing one set of pump structures to draw protective gas from the protective gas source tank and spray it out through the central gas hole to form a protective gas curtain covering the molten pool. At the same time, the other set of pump structures draws in through the outer gas hole to form a negative pressure zone around the protective gas curtain, which immediately removes welding fumes; the rotation of the fan shaft drives the fan to rotate synchronously, expanding the outer fume collection range. S4. When welding is finished, first turn off the laser welding head, then cut off the welding wire current to extinguish the arc. The spindle and linkage mechanism continue to run for a preset time, and then turn off after the air curtain protection and fume extraction are completed.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention achieves a breakthrough improvement in welding quality by installing a composite nozzle on the main body of the device and its unique air curtain design. During welding, the protective gas ejected from the central air hole at the center of the composite nozzle can accurately target and cover the weld pool, preventing oxidation caused by air intrusion from the source. The multiple peripheral air holes surrounding the central air hole form an annular negative pressure zone, which can instantly and efficiently suck up the smoke and dust that diffuses outward under the blowing of the protective gas. Through coordinated airflow organization, it can effectively isolate the air in the weld pool area during welding and remove the high concentration of smoke and dust generated in the weld pool area, greatly reducing defects such as weld porosity, and significantly reducing the interference of smoke and dust on laser energy and the contamination of the laser welding head protective lens, thus improving the working environment and ensuring the energy stability of the welding process, fundamentally improving the weld quality. Moreover, the fan can further absorb the smoke and dust that escapes to the outside of the device, forming a three-dimensional smoke and dust removal network from the core welding area to the outside, further improving the overall working environment. Furthermore, this invention mechanically couples the three functions of protective gas pumping, fume extraction, and fan rotation by setting a single main shaft and a corresponding linkage mechanism. The motor drives the main shaft to rotate, which can be synchronously converted into the linear reciprocating motion of the piston rod and the rotation of the fan driven by the fan shaft. The purely mechanical hard connection ensures the absolute synchronization and high reliability of all actions, enabling the protection, fume extraction, and dust collection functions to adapt to the welding process and achieve intelligent collaborative operation, greatly improving the automation level and overall process efficiency of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of an automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads.

[0018] Figure 2 A first-person view of the overall structure of an automated laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads.

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the overall structure from a second-view perspective of an automated laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads.

[0020] Figure 4 A third-view schematic diagram of the overall structure of an automated laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads.

[0021] Figure 5 Partial cross-section of the purification tank and gas collection hood of the automated laser-MIG-electric arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the decomposed local structure.

[0022] Figure 6 Automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding equipment for ship bulkheads Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the decomposed part of the structure.

[0023] Figure 7 Automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding equipment for ship bulkheads Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the decomposed part of the structure.

[0024] Figure 8 Automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding equipment for ship bulkheads Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the decomposed part of the structure.

[0025] Figure 9 Automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding equipment for ship bulkheads Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the decomposed part of the structure.

[0026] Figure 10 Automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding equipment for ship bulkheads Figure 9 A structural diagram from another perspective.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Main body of the device; 2. Wire feeder; 3. Welding wire guide needle; 4. Laser welding head; 5. Airflow distributor; 6. Composite nozzle; 7. Central air hole; 8. Peripheral air hole; 9. Protective air source tank; 10. Purification tank; 11. Pump cylinder; 12. Piston; 13. Outer guide tube; 14. Inner guide tube; 15. Piston rod; 16. Horizontal linear guide rail; 17. Horizontal slider; 18. Main shaft; 19. Rotating arm; 20. Vertical linear guide rail; 21. Vertical slider; 22. Filter screen; 23. Exhaust pipe; 24. Inlet pipe; 25. Motor; 26. Gas collection hood; 27. Fan shaft; 28. Fan; 29. ​​Drive shaft; 30. Driving gear; 31. Driven gear; 32. Driving bevel gear; 33. Driven bevel gear; 34. Adsorption filter plate; 35. Ventilation slot; 36. Lighting lamp; 37. Workbench; 38. Bulkhead workpiece. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0029] Please see Figures 1-10As an embodiment of the present invention, an automatic laser MIG arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads includes a device body 1. A wire feeder 2, a laser welding head 4, and multiple wire guide needles 3 focused on a single point are fixedly installed at the bottom of the device body 1. An airflow distributor 5 is fixedly installed on the device body 1, and a composite nozzle 6 is fixedly installed at its end. A central air hole 7 is opened in the center of the composite nozzle 6, and multiple peripheral air holes 8 are equally spaced around the central air hole 7. A protective air source tank 9 and a purification tank 10 are also fixedly installed on the device body 1. The main body 1 of the device is provided with two sets of pump body structures. Each set of pump body structures includes a pump body cylinder 11 fixed on the main body 1 and a piston 12 that slides and seals with it. An outer conduit 13 and an inner conduit 14 connected to the airflow distributor 5 are fixed on the pump body cylinder 11. The outer conduit 13 of one set of pump body structures is connected to the protective air source tank 9 and the inner conduit 14 is connected to the central air hole 7. The outer conduit 13 of the other set of pump body structures is connected to the purification tank 10 and the inner conduit 14 is connected to the peripheral air hole 8. A piston rod 15 that can move linearly back and forth is provided on the main body 1 of the device, and its two ends are fixed to the two pistons 12 respectively. The main body 1 of the device is also provided with an air intake mechanism, which includes an air collection hood 26 fixed on both sides of the main body 1. A fan shaft 27 is rotatably mounted on the air collection hood 26, and a fan 28 is fixed on the fan shaft 27. A main shaft 18 is rotatably mounted on the main body 1. The main shaft 18 cooperates with the piston rod 15 and the fan shaft 27 through a linkage mechanism, so that when it rotates, it can synchronously drive the piston rod 15 to move linearly back and forth and the fan shaft 27 to rotate.

[0030] In this embodiment, during use, the bulkhead workpiece 38 is fixed on the worktable 37, and this device is installed at the end of the robotic arm. By controlling the robotic arm, this device can be moved to a predetermined position above the bulkhead workpiece 38, and can be controlled to move vertically and horizontally along the X and Y directions during the welding process, thereby realizing automatic tracking and welding of the entire weld path. The welding wire is installed on the wire feeder 2, and during the welding process, it is continuously fed to the welding point through an external supply source. Multiple wire guide pins 3 focused on one point are used to accurately guide and position the end of the wire feed to ensure that it accurately reaches the welding point. The laser welding head 4 is used to emit a laser, which together with the MIG arc generated by the energized welding wire forms a laser-arc composite heat source acting on the bulkhead workpiece 38 to complete the welding of the bulkhead workpiece 38. During the welding process, the spindle 18 is driven to rotate, and its rotation is synchronously converted into two outputs through the linkage mechanism: one is the linear reciprocating movement of the piston rod 15, and the other is the rotation of the fan shaft 27. The reciprocating movement of piston rod 15 drives two pistons 12 fixed at both ends to reciprocate synchronously within their respective pump body cylinders 11. One set of pump body structures draws protective gas from protective gas source tank 9 through its outer conduit 13, and guides it through airflow distributor 5 via its inner conduit 14. Finally, it is ejected through the central air hole 7 of composite nozzle 6 to form a protective gas curtain covering the weld pool. At the same time, the other set of pump body structures draws gas from multiple peripheral air holes 8 of composite nozzle 6 through its inner conduit 14 to form a negative pressure, thereby creating an annular suction area around the protective gas curtain, instantly removing welding fumes, and finally delivering them to the purification tank 10 through the outer conduit 13. After the inner conduit 14 is connected to the airflow distributor 5, the airflow distributor 5 can connect the inner conduit 14 of one pump body structure to the central air hole 7, and the inner conduit 14 of the other pump body structure to the peripheral air holes 8. At the same time, the rotation of the fan shaft 27 drives the fan 28 fixed on it to rotate synchronously, generating a suction airflow to perform secondary absorption and collection of the flue gas that escapes from the core welding area to the outside of the device.

[0031] Thus, by driving the main shaft 18 to rotate through a drive source, the mechanical linkage and synchronous operation of the three functions of precise delivery of protective gas, instant extraction of welding fumes, and supplementary collection of external fumes are achieved.

[0032] As a further embodiment of the present invention, an air inlet pipe 24 is fixedly installed on the protective air source tank 9, a filter screen 22 is fixedly installed inside the purification tank 10, and an exhaust pipe 23 is fixedly installed on the purification tank 10.

[0033] In this embodiment, the air inlet pipe 24 is used to deliver protective gas into the protective gas source tank 9; the filter screen 22 is used to intercept and filter large particles of smoke and dust drawn in from the outer air hole 8, preventing them from being emitted into the air and improving the working environment; and the exhaust pipe 23 is used to discharge the filtered air to the outside.

[0034] As a further embodiment of the present invention, one-way valves that allow only one-way gas flow are installed on the outer conduit 13 and the inner conduit 14 respectively.

[0035] In this embodiment, the one-way valve installed on the pump body cylinder 11 ensures the one-way flow of gas within the pump body structure. Specifically, the one-way valve on the outer conduit 13 of one pump body structure only allows gas to flow from the protective gas source tank 9 into the pump body cylinder 11, while the one-way valve on the inner conduit 14 only allows gas to flow from the inside of the pump body cylinder 11 to the airflow distributor 5. The one-way valve on the inner conduit 14 of another pump body structure only allows gas to flow from the airflow distributor 5 into the pump body cylinder 11, while the one-way valve on the outer conduit 13 only allows gas to flow from the inside of the pump body cylinder 11 to the purification tank 10, thereby ensuring the stable ejection of protective gas and the stable formation of suction negative pressure.

[0036] As a further embodiment of the present invention, a motor 25 is fixedly installed on the main body 1 of the device, and the output end of the motor 25 is connected to the main shaft 18 through a coupling to drive the main shaft 18 to rotate.

[0037] In this embodiment, the motor 25 serves as the sole power source for the entire coordinated action mechanism. Its start-up, stop, and speed are controlled by an external control system. It is electrically connected to an external power source and, once powered on, can directly drive the main shaft 18 to rotate via a coupling. This provides the power input for converting the rotational motion into the linear reciprocating motion of the piston rod 15 and the rotational motion of the fan shaft 27.

[0038] As a further embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of equally spaced adsorption filter plates 34 are fixedly installed inside the gas collection hood 26, and ventilation slots 35 are provided on the gas collection hood 26.

[0039] In this embodiment, the bottom of the gas collection hood 26 is open, and multiple equally spaced adsorption filter plates 34 can perform multi-stage filtration and adsorption on the airflow drawn into the gas collection hood 26, so as to collect the external smoke impurities. The ventilation slot 35 ensures the circulation of air inside and outside the gas collection hood 26, and ensures that the purified air is discharged to the outside.

[0040] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the linkage mechanism includes a transmission shaft 29 rotatably mounted on the main body 1 of the device. The transmission shaft 29 is engaged with the main shaft 18 through a first gear mechanism. When the main shaft 18 rotates, it drives the transmission shaft 29 to rotate. The transmission shaft 29 is engaged with the fan shaft 27 through a second gear mechanism. When the transmission shaft 29 rotates, it drives the fan shaft 27 to rotate. A rotating arm 19 is fixedly mounted on the end of the main shaft 18. A transverse linear guide rail 16 is fixedly mounted on the main body 1 of the device. A transverse slider 17, which is fixedly connected to the piston rod 15, is slidably engaged on the transverse linear guide rail 16. A vertical linear guide rail 20 is fixedly mounted on the transverse slider 17. A vertical slider 21, which is slidably engaged with the vertical linear guide rail 20, is fixedly mounted on the end of the rotating arm 19.

[0041] In this embodiment, the rotation of the main shaft 18 is achieved through the sliding engagement of the rotating arm 19 at its end, the vertical slider 21, and the vertical linear guide rail 20 fixed on the horizontal slider 17. This converts the rotational motion of the main shaft 18 into the precise linear reciprocating motion of the horizontal slider 17 along the horizontal linear guide rail 16, thereby driving the piston rod 15 to reciprocate. On the other hand, the rotation of the main shaft 18 is transmitted to the transmission shaft 29 through the first gear mechanism, and then to the fan shaft 27 through the second gear mechanism, ultimately transmitting the rotational motion of the main shaft 18 to the fan 28. This design ensures that the linear reciprocating motion and the rotational motion originate from the same power source and remain synchronized.

[0042] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the first gear mechanism includes a driving gear 30 fixed on the main shaft 18 and a driven gear 31 fixed on the transmission shaft 29, wherein the driving gear 30 and the driven gear 31 mesh with each other.

[0043] In this embodiment, the meshing of the driving gear 30 and the driven gear 31 constitutes the first stage of transmission. By selecting gears with different numbers of teeth, the rotational speed and torque of the transmission shaft 29 relative to the main shaft 18 can be adjusted, thereby flexibly matching the required rotational speed of the fan 28.

[0044] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the second gear mechanism includes a driving bevel gear 32 fixed on the transmission shaft 29 and a driven bevel gear 33 fixed on the fan shaft 27, wherein the driving bevel gear 32 and the driven bevel gear 33 mesh with each other.

[0045] In this embodiment, the meshing driving bevel gear 32 and driven bevel gear 33 change the direction of rotational power transmission, converting the rotation of the drive shaft 29 around the horizontal axis into the rotation of the fan shaft 27 around the vertical axis, thereby driving the fan 28 to rotate in the correct plane to generate an effective suction cyclone. The gear meshing transmission is smooth and reliable.

[0046] As a further embodiment of the present invention, a lighting lamp 36 for auxiliary lighting during welding is fixedly installed at the bottom of the main body 1 of the device.

[0047] In this embodiment, the lighting lamp 36 provides sufficient and uniform illumination to the welding area below the laser welding head 4, which can significantly improve the operator's field of vision, facilitate observation of wire alignment, arc initiation, molten pool morphology and weld formation, and ensure precise control and initial positioning of the welding process.

[0048] The working principle of this invention is as follows: This invention uses a motor 25 to drive the main shaft 18 to rotate, serving as the centralized power source for all coordinated actions. This rotational motion is precisely decomposed and transmitted through two mechanical linkages: one linkage, through a mechanism composed of a rotating arm 19, a vertical slider 21, a vertical linear guide rail 20, a horizontal slider 17, and a horizontal linear guide rail 16, converts the rotational motion into the linear reciprocating motion of the piston rod 15, thereby driving the pistons 12 of the two pump body structures to reciprocate synchronously, achieving intermittent injection of protective gas and synchronous suction of welding fumes; the other linkage, through a gear transmission chain composed of a driving gear 30 and a driven gear 31, and a driving bevel gear 32 and a driven bevel gear 33, transmits the rotational motion of the main shaft 18 and converts it into the rotation of the fan 28, achieving secondary collection of the escaping peripheral fumes; Meanwhile, the wire feeder 2 continuously feeds the welding wire, which is precisely positioned by the welding wire guide needle 3. The laser welding head 4 emits a laser, which forms a composite heat source with the MIG arc generated by the energized welding wire for welding. Throughout the process, the protection and extraction of gas, the dust collection of the surrounding area, the feeding of the welding wire and the application of the welding heat source are all highly synchronized by a single power source through pure mechanical linkage. This ensures that high-quality welding is completed efficiently while completely solving the problems of smoke interference, pollution and environmental protection.

[0049] The above embodiments are exemplary and not restrictive. Therefore, any technical solutions that can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention are included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads, comprising a main body (1), wherein a wire feeder (2), a laser welding head (4), and multiple wire guide pins (3) focused on a single point are fixedly mounted on the bottom of the main body (1), characterized in that, An airflow distributor (5) is fixedly installed on the main body (1) of the device, and a composite nozzle (6) is fixedly installed at its end. A central air hole (7) is opened in the center of the composite nozzle (6), and multiple peripheral air holes (8) are arranged at equal intervals around the central air hole (7). A protective air source tank (9) and a purification tank (10) are also fixedly installed on the main body (1). The main body (1) of the device is provided with two sets of pump body structures. Each set of pump body structures includes a pump body cylinder (11) fixed on the main body (1) and a piston (12) that slides and seals with it. An outer conduit (13) and an inner conduit (14) connected to the airflow distributor (5) are fixed on the pump body cylinder (11). The outer conduit (13) of one set of pump body structures is connected to the protective air source tank (9), and the inner conduit (14) is connected to the central air hole (7). The outer conduit (13) of the other set of pump body structures is connected to the purification tank (10), and the inner conduit (14) is connected to the peripheral air hole (8). A piston rod (15) that can move linearly back and forth is provided on the main body (1), and its two ends are fixed to the two pistons (12) respectively.

2. The automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main body (1) of the device is also provided with an air intake mechanism. The air intake mechanism includes an air collection hood (26) fixed on both sides of the main body (1). A fan shaft (27) is rotatably mounted on the air collection hood (26). A fan (28) is fixed on the fan shaft (27). A main shaft (18) is rotatably mounted on the main body (1). The main shaft (18) cooperates with the piston rod (15) and the fan shaft (27) through a linkage mechanism, so that when it rotates, it can synchronously drive the piston rod (15) to move linearly back and forth and the fan shaft (27) to rotate.

3. The automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads according to claim 1, characterized in that, An air inlet pipe (24) is fixedly installed on the protective gas source tank (9), a filter screen (22) is fixedly installed inside the purification tank (10), and an exhaust pipe (23) is fixedly installed on the purification tank (10); one-way valves that allow gas to pass through in only one direction are respectively installed on the outer conduit (13) and the inner conduit (14).

4. The automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads according to claim 1, characterized in that, A motor (25) is fixedly installed on the main body (1) of the device. The output end of the motor (25) is connected to the main shaft (18) through a coupling to drive the main shaft (18) to rotate.

5. The automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gas collection hood (26) has multiple equally spaced adsorption filter plates (34) fixedly installed inside, and ventilation slots (35) are provided on the gas collection hood (26).

6. The automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linkage mechanism includes a drive shaft (29) rotatably mounted on the main body (1) of the device. The drive shaft (29) is connected to the main shaft (18) through a first gear mechanism. When the main shaft (18) rotates, it drives the drive shaft (29) to rotate. The drive shaft (29) is connected to the fan shaft (27) through a second gear mechanism. When the drive shaft (29) rotates, it drives the fan shaft (27) to rotate. A rotating arm (19) is fixedly mounted on the end of the main shaft (18). A horizontal linear guide rail (16) is fixed on the main body (1). A horizontal slider (17) is slidably connected to the piston rod (15) on the horizontal linear guide rail (16). A vertical linear guide rail (20) is fixed on the horizontal slider (17). A vertical slider (21) is fixedly connected to the vertical linear guide rail (20) at the end of the rotating arm (19).

7. The automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first gear mechanism includes a driving gear (30) fixed on the main shaft (18) and a driven gear (31) fixed on the transmission shaft (29), wherein the driving gear (30) and the driven gear (31) mesh with each other.

8. The automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second gear mechanism includes a driving bevel gear (32) fixed on the transmission shaft (29) and a driven bevel gear (33) fixed on the fan shaft (27), wherein the driving bevel gear (32) and the driven bevel gear (33) mesh with each other.

9. The automatic laser-MIG arc hybrid welding device for ship bulkheads according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the main body (1) of the device is fixedly equipped with a lighting lamp (36) for auxiliary lighting during welding.

10. A welding method using the automated laser-MIG arc hybrid welding apparatus for ship bulkheads as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps, S1, move the device to the starting position of the ship bulkhead weld to be welded, turn on the shielding gas source, turn on the laser welding head (4) and the lighting lamp (36), and use the wire feeder (2) and the wire guide needle (3) to guide and deliver the welding wire to the welding point; S2, start the welding program, energize the welding wire, when it comes into contact with the workpiece, generate an electric arc to ignite and preheat the workpiece, then turn on the laser welding head (4) to form a laser-arc composite heat source; at the same time, drive the main shaft (18) to rotate, and drive the piston rod (15) to move linearly back and forth and the fan shaft (27) to rotate synchronously through the linkage mechanism. S3, the reciprocating motion of the piston rod (15) drives the piston (12) of the two pump structures to reciprocate, so that one of the pump structures draws protective gas from the protective gas source tank (9) and sprays it out through the central air hole (7) to form a protective gas curtain covering the molten pool. At the same time, the other pump structure draws through the peripheral air hole (8) to form a negative pressure zone around the protective gas curtain, and immediately removes the welding fumes. The rotation of the fan shaft (27) drives the fan (28) to rotate synchronously, expanding the peripheral fume collection range. S4. When welding is finished, first turn off the laser welding head (4), then cut off the welding wire current to extinguish the arc. The spindle (18) and linkage mechanism continue to run for a preset time, and then turn off after the air curtain protection and fume extraction are completed.

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