Vehicle heat pump system

Abstract

Disclosed is a heat pump system for a vehicle, which is capable of improving cooling and heating performance by applying a gas injection device that selectively operates in a vehicle interior air conditioning mode to increase the flow rate of refrigerant. The heat pump system includes a compressor, a condenser, a first expansion valve, an evaporator, a first connection line, a cooler, a second expansion valve, a sub heat exchanger, and a gas injection device, wherein the flow rate of refrigerant is controlled by operation control of the gas injection device according to at least one mode for adjusting the temperature of the vehicle interior.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a heat pump system for vehicles, and more specifically, to a heat pump system for vehicles that can improve cooling and heating performance by employing a gas injection device configured to operate selectively in a selected air conditioning mode. Background Technology

[0002] Typically, a vehicle air conditioning system includes an air conditioning unit that circulates refrigerant to heat or cool the interior of the vehicle.

[0003] The air conditioning unit is used to maintain the interior of the vehicle at a suitable temperature regardless of changes in the outside temperature in order to maintain a comfortable interior environment. The air conditioning unit is configured to heat or cool the interior of the vehicle by means of heat exchange between the condenser and the evaporator as the refrigerant discharged by the compressor is circulated back to the compressor through the condenser, receiver-drier, expansion valve and evaporator.

[0004] In other words, in summer, when the air conditioning unit is in cooling mode, the condenser condenses the high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant compressed from the compressor, and the refrigerant passes through the receiver-dryer and expansion valve, and then evaporates in the evaporator to reduce the internal temperature and humidity.

[0005] With increasing public concern about energy efficiency and environmental pollution, there is a need to develop environmentally friendly vehicles that can substantially replace internal combustion engine vehicles. These environmentally friendly vehicles are classified into electric vehicles that use fuel cells or electricity as a power source and hybrid vehicles that use an engine and a battery for power.

[0006] In these environmentally friendly vehicles, electric or hybrid vehicles do not use a separate heater, unlike the air conditioners in regular vehicles, and the air conditioners used in environmentally friendly vehicles are usually called heat pump systems.

[0007] Electric vehicles powered by fuel cells generate propulsion by converting the chemical reaction between oxygen and hydrogen into electrical energy. During this process, the chemical reaction within the fuel cell produces heat. Therefore, to ensure the performance of the fuel cell, it is necessary to effectively remove the generated heat.

[0008] Furthermore, hybrid vehicles generate driving force by using an electric motor powered by electricity supplied from the aforementioned fuel cell or battery / rechargeable battery, in conjunction with an engine operating on conventional fuel (e.g., gasoline). Therefore, the heat generated by the fuel cell or rechargeable battery and the electric motor must be effectively removed to ensure the performance of the electric motor.

[0009] Therefore, in hybrid or electric vehicles according to the prior art, the cooling means, heat pump system and battery cooling system should be configured as separate closed loops to prevent the electric motor, electrical components and batteries including fuel cells from overheating.

[0010] Therefore, the size and weight of the cooling module located at the front of the vehicle increase, and the layout of the connecting pipes supplying refrigerant and coolant to each of the heat pump system, cooling means, and battery cooling system in the engine compartment becomes more complex.

[0011] In addition, in order to achieve optimal battery performance, a separate battery cooling system is set up to heat or cool the battery according to the vehicle status. Therefore, multiple valves are used to selectively interconnect the piping. As a result, noise and vibration generated by the frequent opening and closing of the valves may enter the vehicle interior, thereby reducing the vehicle's ride comfort.

[0012] In addition, heating performance will decrease due to the lack of a heat source in order to heat the vehicle interior, and using an electric heater may increase power consumption, and the power consumption of the compressor may also increase.

[0013] The information disclosed in the Background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure and may therefore contain information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0014] This disclosure attempts to provide a heat pump system for vehicles that can improve cooling and heating performance by applying a gas injection device that selectively operates in the vehicle's interior air conditioning mode to increase the flow of refrigerant.

[0015] A vehicle heat pump system includes: a compressor configured to compress refrigerant. The heat pump system further includes: a condenser connected to the compressor via a refrigerant line and configured to condense the refrigerant. The heat pump system further includes: a first expansion valve connected to the condenser via a refrigerant line. The heat pump system further includes: an evaporator connected to the first expansion valve via a refrigerant line, connected to the compressor via a refrigerant line, and configured to evaporate supplied refrigerant. The heat pump system further includes: a first connecting line, with a first end connected to the refrigerant line between the condenser and the first expansion valve, and a second end connected to the refrigerant line between the compressor and the evaporator. The heat pump system further includes: a cooler disposed on the first connecting line and configured to adjust the temperature of the coolant by exchanging heat between refrigerant flowing in via the first connecting line and selectively flowing coolant. The heat pump system further includes: a second expansion valve disposed on the first connecting line, located upstream of the cooler. The heat pump system further includes: an auxiliary heat exchanger disposed on the refrigerant line, between the condenser and the first expansion valve, and configured to selectively condense or evaporate the refrigerant flowing in. The heat pump system also includes: a gas injection device disposed on the refrigerant line, between the auxiliary heat exchanger and the first expansion valve, configured to: selectively expand refrigerant supplied from one of the condenser and the auxiliary heat exchanger, and allow the expanded refrigerant to flow; and selectively supply a portion of the supplied refrigerant to the compressor to increase the flow rate of refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant line, wherein the refrigerant flow rate is controlled by operational control of the gas injection device based on at least one mode of the heat pump system used for adjusting the vehicle interior temperature.

[0016] The gas injection device may include: a heat exchanger disposed on the refrigerant line, located between the auxiliary heat exchanger and the first expansion valve. The gas injection device may further include: a first line, with one end connected to the refrigerant line between the auxiliary heat exchanger and the heat exchanger, and the second end connected to the heat exchanger. The gas injection device may further include: a third expansion valve disposed on the first line, located upstream of the heat exchanger; and a second line, with one end connected to the heat exchanger and the second end connected to the compressor. The gas injection device may further include: a fourth expansion valve disposed on the refrigerant line, located between the condenser and the auxiliary heat exchanger. The gas injection device may further include: a third line, with one end connected to the fourth expansion valve and the second end connected to the first line. The gas injection device may further include: a fourth line, with one end connected to the fourth expansion valve and the second end connected to the refrigerant line between the heat exchanger and the first expansion valve.

[0017] The heat exchanger can operate while the expanded refrigerant is supplied through the first line, and is configured to supply gaseous refrigerant in the refrigerant supplied to the heat exchanger to the compressor through the second line to increase the flow rate of refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant line.

[0018] When the gas injection device needs to be operated, the third expansion valve can expand the refrigerant supplied from at least one of the condenser and the auxiliary heat exchanger through the first pipeline, and can supply the expanded refrigerant to the heat exchanger.

[0019] The heat pump system may further include: a second connecting line, with one end connected to a refrigerant line between the condenser and the fourth expansion valve, and the second end connected to the refrigerant line between the auxiliary heat exchanger and the heat exchanger. The heat pump system may further include: a control valve disposed on the second connecting line and configured to selectively open and close the second connecting line. The heat pump system may further include: a third connecting line, with one end connected to the refrigerant line between the auxiliary heat exchanger and the heat exchanger. The heat pump system may further include: a fifth expansion valve connected to the second end of the third connecting line.

[0020] A heat pump system may include: a fourth connecting line, with one end connected to a fifth expansion valve and the second end connected to a refrigerant line between the evaporator and the compressor. A heat pump system may also include: a fifth connecting line, with one end connected to a refrigerant line between the compressor and the condenser and the second end connected to a fifth expansion valve.

[0021] At least one mode may include: a first mode for cooling the vehicle interior, in which the gas injection device operates; a second mode for heating the vehicle interior while recovering waste heat from electrical components and waste heat from the battery module, in which the gas injection device operates; a third mode for heating the vehicle interior while recovering heat from ambient air, waste heat from electrical components, and waste heat from the battery module, in which the gas injection device operates; and a fourth mode for heating the vehicle interior using refrigerant without recovering heat, in which the gas injection device does not operate.

[0022] In the first mode, the refrigerant lines connecting the compressor, condenser, auxiliary heat exchanger, first expansion valve, and evaporator can be opened. The first line can be opened via the third expansion valve. The second line can be opened. The third and fourth lines can be closed via the fourth expansion valve. The second connecting line can be closed via a control valve. The third, fourth, and fifth connecting lines can be closed via the fifth expansion valve. The first expansion valve expands the refrigerant flowing in through the refrigerant lines and supplies the expanded refrigerant to the evaporator. The third expansion valve expands the refrigerant flowing in through the first line and supplies the expanded refrigerant to the heat exchanger via the first line. The fourth expansion valve allows the refrigerant flowing from the condenser to flow to the auxiliary heat exchanger without expansion. The fifth expansion valve can be deactivated. The heat exchanger supplies gaseous refrigerant from the refrigerant supplied to the heat exchanger to the compressor via the open second line.

[0023] When the battery module needs to be cooled in the first mode, the first connecting line can be opened by the second expansion valve, and the second expansion valve can expand the refrigerant flowing in through the first connecting line and supply the expanded refrigerant to the cooler.

[0024] In the second mode, a portion of the refrigerant line connecting the compressor, condenser, and fourth expansion valve can be opened via the fourth expansion valve. A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the first end of the first connecting line to the heat exchanger, and a portion of the refrigerant line connecting the second end of the first connecting line to the compressor, can be opened. A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the second end of the second connecting line to the heat exchanger can be opened. A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the first end of the first connecting line to the first expansion valve and the evaporator, and a portion of the refrigerant line connecting the evaporator to the second end of the first connecting line, can be closed. The first connecting line can be opened via the second expansion valve. A portion of the first line connecting the first end of the first line to the second end of the third line can be closed. The remaining portion of the first line connecting the second end of the third line to the heat exchanger can be opened via the third expansion valve. The second line can be opened. The third line can be opened via the fourth expansion valve. The second connecting line can be opened via a control valve. The third, fourth, and fifth connecting lines can be closed via the fifth expansion valve. The first and fifth expansion valves cease operation. The second expansion valve expands the refrigerant flowing in through the first connecting line and supplies the expanded refrigerant to the cooler. The third expansion valve expands the refrigerant flowing in through the first line and supplies the expanded refrigerant to the heat exchanger through the first line. The fourth expansion valve allows the refrigerant flowing in through the refrigerant line to flow into the third line without expansion. The heat exchanger supplies gaseous refrigerant from the refrigerant supplied to the heat exchanger to the compressor through the open second line.

[0025] In the third mode, a portion of the refrigerant line connecting the compressor, condenser, and fourth expansion valve can be opened via the fourth expansion valve. A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the fourth expansion valve to the first end of the third connecting line can be opened via both the fourth and fifth expansion valves. A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the first end of the first connecting line to the heat exchanger and a portion of the refrigerant line connecting the second end of the first connecting line to the compressor can be opened. A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the second end of the second connecting line to the heat exchanger can be opened. A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the first end of the first connecting line to the second end of the fourth line can be opened. A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the second end of the fourth line to the first expansion valve and the evaporator, and the refrigerant line connecting the evaporator to the second end of the first connecting line can be closed. The first connecting line can be opened via the second expansion valve. A portion of the first line connecting the first end of the first line to the second end of the third line can be closed. The remaining portion of the first line connecting the second end of the third line to the heat exchanger can be opened via the third expansion valve. The second line can be opened. The third line can be opened via the fourth expansion valve. The fourth line can be opened via the fourth expansion valve. The second connecting line can be opened via a control valve. The third and fourth connecting lines can be opened via a fifth expansion valve. The fifth connecting line can be closed via a fifth expansion valve. The first expansion valve can be deactivated. The second expansion valve expands the refrigerant flowing through the first connecting line and supplies the expanded refrigerant to the cooler. The third expansion valve expands the refrigerant flowing through the first line and supplies the expanded refrigerant to the heat exchanger via the first line. The fourth expansion valve allows refrigerant flowing from the condenser to flow into the fourth expansion valve in the third line without expansion. The fourth expansion valve expands the refrigerant flowing through the fourth line and supplies the expanded refrigerant to the auxiliary heat exchanger via a refrigerant line. The fifth expansion valve allows refrigerant flowing through the third connecting line to flow into the fourth connecting line without expansion. The heat exchanger supplies gaseous refrigerant from the refrigerant supplied to the heat exchanger to the compressor via the opened second line.

[0026] In the fourth mode, a portion of the refrigerant line connecting the compressor to the first end of the second connecting line via the condenser can be opened. A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the first end of the second connecting line to the second end of the second connecting line via the fourth expansion valve and the auxiliary heat exchanger can be closed by the fourth expansion valve. A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the heat exchanger and the first end of the first connecting line, and a portion of the refrigerant line connecting the second end of the first connecting line and the compressor, can be opened. A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the first end of the first connecting line to the second end of the first connecting line via the first expansion valve and the evaporator can be closed by the first expansion valve. A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the second end of the second connecting line and the heat exchanger can be opened. The first connecting line can be opened by the second expansion valve. The first line can be closed by the third expansion valve. The second line can be closed. The third and fourth lines can be closed by the fourth expansion valve. The second connecting line can be opened by the control valve. The third connecting line can be closed by the fifth expansion valve. The fourth and fifth connecting lines can be opened by the fifth expansion valve. The first, third, and fourth expansion valves can be deactivated. The second expansion valve expands the refrigerant flowing in through the first connecting line and supplies the expanded refrigerant to the cooler. The fifth expansion valve expands the refrigerant flowing in from the compressor through the fifth connecting line and allows the expanded refrigerant to flow along the fourth connecting line.

[0027] The fifth expansion valve can be a three-way electronic expansion valve, configured to selectively expand the refrigerant while controlling the flow rate of the supplied refrigerant.

[0028] The first, second, and third expansion valves can be two-way electronic expansion valves, configured to selectively expand the refrigerant while controlling the flow rate of the supplied refrigerant. The fourth expansion valve can be a four-way electronic expansion valve, configured to selectively expand the refrigerant while controlling the flow rate of the supplied refrigerant.

[0029] A heat pump system may also include: electrical components and a battery module in which coolant circulates; and a heating device in which coolant circulates to heat the vehicle interior by using high-temperature coolant.

[0030] The cooler can be connected to electrical components via a first coolant line that circulates the coolant, and to the battery module via a second coolant line that circulates the coolant.

[0031] When recovering waste heat from electrical components while heating the vehicle interior, the first coolant line can be opened to connect the cooler and the electrical components.

[0032] When cooling the battery module while cooling the vehicle interior, or when recovering waste heat from the battery module while heating the vehicle interior, the second coolant line can be opened to connect the cooler and the battery module.

[0033] The condenser can be connected to the heating unit via a third coolant line that circulates the coolant.

[0034] When heating the vehicle interior, the third coolant line can be opened to connect the condenser and the heating device.

[0035] As described above, the vehicle heat pump system according to embodiments of the present disclosure can improve cooling and heating performance by applying a gas injection device that selectively operates in the vehicle's interior air conditioning mode to increase the flow of refrigerant.

[0036] Furthermore, according to this disclosure, by using a gas injection device, the performance of the system can be maximized while minimizing the required components, thereby achieving system simplification and reduction.

[0037] Furthermore, according to this disclosure, heating efficiency can be improved by selectively using ambient air heat, waste heat from electrical components, or waste heat from battery modules when heating the interior of the vehicle.

[0038] Furthermore, according to this disclosure, even in the early stages of vehicle operation when the external temperature is low and the heat generated by electrical components and battery modules is insufficient, the interior of the vehicle can be heated efficiently.

[0039] Furthermore, according to this disclosure, by rationalizing the entire system, manufacturing costs and weight can be reduced, and space utilization of the vehicle or vehicle system can be improved. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a vehicle heat pump system according to an embodiment.

[0041] Figure 2 This is an operation diagram of a first mode of a heat pump system for a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0042] Figure 3 This is an operation diagram of the second mode of a heat pump system for vehicles according to an embodiment.

[0043] Figure 4 This is an operation diagram of the third mode of a vehicle heat pump system according to an embodiment.

[0044] Figure 5 This is an operation diagram of the fourth mode of a vehicle heat pump system according to an embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The embodiments of this disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] The embodiments disclosed in this specification and the constructions depicted in the accompanying drawings are merely exemplary embodiments of this disclosure and do not cover the full scope of this disclosure. Therefore, it should be understood that various equivalents and variations of the disclosed embodiments may exist when applying the technical concepts of this specification.

[0047] For the purpose of clarifying this disclosure, parts irrelevant to the description may have been omitted. Furthermore, throughout the specification, the same elements or equivalents are indicated by the same reference numerals.

[0048] Furthermore, the dimensions and thickness of each element may be shown arbitrarily in the accompanying drawings, but this disclosure is not necessarily limited thereto. In the drawings, the thickness of layers, films, panels, regions, etc., may be exaggerated for clarity.

[0049] Furthermore, unless there is an explicit description to the contrary, "including," "having," "comprising," and variations thereof should be understood as implying the inclusion of the stated element, but not excluding any other element.

[0050] Furthermore, each term described in the specification, such as “…unit,” “…means,” “…part,” “…component,” and “…building,” refers to a unit of a comprehensive element that performs at least one function or operation. When a component, device, unit, module, controller, detector, element, etc., of this disclosure is described as having a purpose or performing an operation, function, etc., it shall be considered herein as “configured to” satisfy that purpose or perform that operation or function. This disclosure describes a controller and data detector for a cooling system. Controllers, detectors, or other such components may be embodied separately or contained in a processor and memory, such as a non-transient computer-readable medium, as part of the controller or component.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a heat pump system for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0052] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a vehicle heat pump system can improve the cooling and heating performance of the system by employing a gas injection device 30 that selectively operates in at least one selected mode for adjusting the interior temperature of the vehicle to increase the flow rate of the refrigerant.

[0053] Reference Figure 1 The heat pump system may include: electrical components 3 and battery module 5, in which coolant circulates; and heating device 7, in which coolant circulates to heat the vehicle interior using high-temperature coolant.

[0054] This heat pump system may also include a compressor 10, a condenser 12, a secondary heat exchanger 13, a first expansion valve 14, an evaporator 15, a cooler 20, a first connecting line 21, a second expansion valve 23, and a gas injection device 30.

[0055] Electrical component 3 can be connected to cooler 20 via first coolant line 2, and coolant circulates along or through first coolant line 2. When waste heat from electrical component 3 needs to be recovered while heating the vehicle interior, first coolant line 2 can be opened to connect cooler 20 and electrical component 3.

[0056] The embodiments disclosed herein take the connection of electrical component 3 via a first coolant line 2 as an example, but are not limited thereto; electrical component 3 may be connected to condenser 12 via a separate coolant line.

[0057] Therefore, when cooling the interior of the vehicle, the electrical component 3 can supply coolant to the condenser 12 through a separate coolant line, so that the condenser 12 can condense the refrigerant.

[0058] In one embodiment, the battery module 5 can be connected to the cooler 20 via a second coolant line 4, and the coolant circulates along or through the second coolant line.

[0059] When cooling the battery module 5 while the vehicle interior is being cooled, or when recovering waste heat from the battery module 5 while the vehicle interior is being heated, the second coolant line 4 can be opened to connect the cooler 20 and the battery module 5.

[0060] In addition, the heating device 7 can be connected to the condenser 12 via the third coolant line 6, and the coolant circulates along or through the third coolant line.

[0061] When heating the interior of the vehicle, the third coolant line 6 can be opened to connect the heating device 7 and the condenser 12, thereby supplying high-temperature coolant to the heating device 7.

[0062] Therefore, the coolant, whose temperature rises by exchanging heat with the refrigerant in the condenser 12, can be supplied to the heating device 7 along the third coolant line 6.

[0063] The high-temperature coolant supplied to the heating device 7 can raise the temperature of the ambient air passing through the heating device 7. In other words, the incoming ambient air can be converted to a high-temperature state when passing through the heating device 7, and then flow into the vehicle interior, thereby achieving heating of the vehicle interior.

[0064] A water pump (not shown) may be installed on each of the first coolant line 2, the second coolant line 4, and the third coolant line 6, i.e., connected to or along these lines, and the coolant may be selectively circulated by the operation of each water pump to allow the coolant to flow through the coolant line.

[0065] In one embodiment, compressor 10 can compress the supplied refrigerant and allow the compressed refrigerant to flow along refrigerant line 11, so that the refrigerant circulates along refrigerant line 11.

[0066] The condenser 12 can be connected to the compressor 10 via the refrigerant line 11. The condenser 12 can condense the supplied refrigerant by exchanging heat with the refrigerant.

[0067] In other words, when the vehicle interior is heated, the condenser 12 can condense the refrigerant supplied from the compressor 10 by exchanging heat with the coolant supplied from the heating device 7 via the third coolant line 6.

[0068] The condenser 12 may be a water-cooled heat exchanger, which is configured to allow the refrigerant flowing into it to exchange heat with the coolant.

[0069] The auxiliary heat exchanger 13 can be installed on the refrigerant line 11, located between the condenser 12 and the first expansion valve 14. The auxiliary heat exchanger 13 can be installed at the upstream end, i.e., at the front of the vehicle (relative to the normal driving or moving direction).

[0070] Therefore, in at least one mode of the heat pump system, the auxiliary heat exchanger 13 can condense or evaporate the incoming refrigerant by exchanging heat with the ambient air that flows in during vehicle operation.

[0071] In other words, the secondary heat exchanger 13 can be an air-cooled heat exchanger configured to allow the incoming refrigerant to exchange heat with the ambient air.

[0072] In one embodiment, the first expansion valve 14 can be connected to the condenser 12 or the auxiliary heat exchanger 13 via the refrigerant line 11. The first expansion valve 14 can selectively expand the incoming refrigerant.

[0073] The first expansion valve 14 may be a bidirectional electronic expansion valve, which is configured to selectively expand the refrigerant while controlling the flow of the supplied refrigerant.

[0074] The evaporator 15 can be connected to the first expansion valve 14 via the refrigerant line 11. Furthermore, the evaporator 15 can be connected to the compressor 10 via the refrigerant line 11. The evaporator 15 evaporates the refrigerant supplied from the first expansion valve 14 by exchanging heat with ambient air.

[0075] The evaporator 15 can be installed together with the heating device 7 within the HVAC module (not shown).

[0076] Therefore, the ambient air passing through the evaporator 15 can be cooled by the low-temperature refrigerant supplied to the evaporator 15 as it passes through the evaporator 15. The cooled ambient air can then be introduced into the vehicle interior to cool the vehicle interior.

[0077] Although not shown in the figure, a heat pump system may also include a liquid receiver.

[0078] A receiver can be installed on the refrigerant line 11 (i.e., connected to or along the refrigerant line), located between the evaporator 15 and the compressor 10. This receiver can supply only the gaseous refrigerant (from the supply of gaseous and liquid refrigerant) to the compressor 10, thereby improving the efficiency and durability of the compressor 10.

[0079] In one embodiment, the cooler 20 can adjust the temperature of the coolant selectively supplied through the first coolant line 2 and the second coolant line 4 by exchanging heat between the supplied refrigerant and the coolant.

[0080] In other words, the cooler 20 can be a water-cooled heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between the refrigerant flowing into it and the coolant.

[0081] The cooler 20 can be connected to the refrigerant line 11 via the first connecting line 21.

[0082] The first end of the first connecting line 21 can be connected to the refrigerant line 11 between the condenser 12 and the first expansion valve 14. More specifically, the first end of the first connecting line 21 can be connected to the refrigerant line 11 between the auxiliary heat exchanger 13 and the first expansion valve 14.

[0083] In addition, the second end of the first connecting line 21 can be connected to the refrigerant line 11 between the evaporator 15 and the compressor 10.

[0084] The cooler 20 can adjust the temperature of the coolant by exchanging heat between the coolant that flows in selectively via at least one of the first coolant line 2 and the second coolant line 4 and the refrigerant that is supplied selectively via the first connecting line 21.

[0085] Therefore, each coolant that exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the cooler 20 can be selectively supplied to the electrical component 3 or the battery module 5 to adjust the temperature of the electrical component 3 and the battery module 5.

[0086] The cooler 20 configured in this way can be connected in parallel with the evaporator 15 via the first connecting line 21.

[0087] In one embodiment, based on the refrigerant flow direction, the second expansion valve 23 can be disposed on the first connecting line 21 at the upstream end of the cooler 20, that is, connected to the first connecting line 21 or disposed along the first connecting line 21.

[0088] When cooling the battery module 5 by using a coolant that exchanges heat with the refrigerant when cooling the interior of the vehicle, the second expansion valve 23 can expand the refrigerant flowing in through the first connecting line 21 and allow the expanded refrigerant to flow into the cooler 20.

[0089] In other words, when cooling the battery module 5 while cooling the interior of the vehicle, the second expansion valve 23 can expand the refrigerant flowing into the first connecting line 21 to lower its temperature, and allow the expanded refrigerant to flow into the cooler 20, thereby further reducing the temperature of the refrigerant passing through the cooler 20.

[0090] Therefore, the coolant, whose temperature has decreased after passing through the cooler 20, can be introduced into the battery module 5 to achieve more efficient cooling.

[0091] Conversely, when recovering waste heat generated by one of the electrical components 3 and the battery module 5 while heating the vehicle interior, the second expansion valve 23 can expand the refrigerant flowing in through the first connecting line 21 and supply the expanded refrigerant to the cooler 20.

[0092] Therefore, the cooler 20 can evaporate the refrigerant by exchanging heat with the refrigerant supplied via at least one of the first coolant line 2 and the second coolant line 4.

[0093] The cooler 20 can recover waste heat from the electrical components 3 or the battery module 5 while exchanging heat between the refrigerant supplied by the second expansion valve 23 and the refrigerant supplied by the battery module 5.

[0094] The second expansion valve 23 configured in this way can be a bidirectional electronic expansion valve, which is configured to selectively expand the refrigerant while controlling the flow of the supplied refrigerant.

[0095] The upstream end of the cooler 20 can be set based on the flow direction of the refrigerant. Taking the direction of refrigerant flow along the first connecting line 21 as a reference, the position where the refrigerant flows into the cooler 20 can be defined as the upstream end of the cooler 20, while the position where the refrigerant exits from the cooler 20 can be defined as the downstream end of the cooler 20.

[0096] In addition, the gas injection device 30 can be installed on the refrigerant line 11, located between the secondary heat exchanger 13 and the first expansion valve 14.

[0097] The gas injection device 30 can selectively expand the refrigerant supplied from either the condenser 12 or the auxiliary heat exchanger 13 and allow the expanded refrigerant to flow, and selectively supply a portion of the supplied refrigerant to the compressor 10, thereby increasing the flow rate of the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant line 11.

[0098] The gas injection device 30 configured in this way can operate selectively when cooling or heating the interior of the vehicle.

[0099] The gas injection device 30 may include a heat exchanger 31, a first pipeline 32, a third expansion valve 33, a second pipeline 34, a fourth expansion valve 35, a third pipeline 36, and a fourth pipeline 37.

[0100] The heat exchanger 31 can be installed on the refrigerant line 11, located between the auxiliary heat exchanger 13 and the first expansion valve 14. The heat exchanger 31 can operate when expanding refrigerant is supplied.

[0101] The first end of the first pipeline 32 can be connected to the refrigerant pipeline 11 between the auxiliary heat exchanger 13 and the heat exchanger 31. The second end of the first pipeline 32 can be connected to the heat exchanger 31.

[0102] In one embodiment, based on the refrigerant flow direction, the third expansion valve 33 can be disposed on the first pipeline 32 at the upstream end of the heat exchanger 31, i.e., connected to the first pipeline 32 or disposed along the first pipeline 32. The third expansion valve 33 can selectively expand the incoming refrigerant.

[0103] When the gas injection device 30 needs to be operated, the third expansion valve 33 can expand the refrigerant supplied from at least one of the condenser 12 and the auxiliary heat exchanger 13 through the first pipeline 32, and supply the expanded refrigerant to the heat exchanger 31.

[0104] The third expansion valve 33 configured in this way can be a bidirectional electronic expansion valve, which is configured to selectively expand the refrigerant while controlling the flow of the refrigerant.

[0105] The first end of the second pipeline 34 can be connected to the heat exchanger 31. The second end of the second pipeline 34 can be connected to the compressor 10.

[0106] When the expanding refrigerant is supplied to the heat exchanger 31, the second line 34 can selectively supply gaseous refrigerant from the heat exchanger 31 to the compressor 10.

[0107] In other words, the second line 34 can connect the heat exchanger 31 and the compressor 10, so that the gaseous refrigerant separated at the heat exchanger 31 (i.e., separated into gaseous and liquid refrigerant) selectively flows into the compressor 10.

[0108] In one embodiment, the fourth expansion valve 35 may be disposed on the refrigerant line 11, i.e., connected to the refrigerant line or disposed along the refrigerant line, located between the condenser 12 and the auxiliary heat exchanger 13.

[0109] The first end of the third pipeline 36 can be connected to the fourth expansion valve 35. Based on the refrigerant flow direction, the second end of the third pipeline 36 can be connected to the first pipeline 32 upstream of the third expansion valve 33.

[0110] Furthermore, the first end of the fourth pipeline 37 can be connected to the fourth expansion valve 35. The second end of the fourth pipeline 37 can be connected to the refrigerant pipeline 11 between the heat exchanger 31 and the first expansion valve 14.

[0111] In at least one mode of the heat pump system, the third line 36 and the fourth line 37 configured in this way can be selectively opened and closed by the fourth expansion valve 35.

[0112] The fourth expansion valve 35 may be a four-way electronic expansion valve, which is configured to selectively expand the refrigerant while controlling the flow of the supplied refrigerant.

[0113] In the gas injection device 30 constructed in this way, the heat exchanger 31 can allow the refrigerant discharged from one of the condenser 12 and the auxiliary heat exchanger 13 to exchange heat with the refrigerant expanding in the third expansion valve 33.

[0114] Furthermore, the gaseous refrigerant in the refrigerant that undergoes heat exchange in the heat exchanger 31 can be supplied to the compressor 10 through the second line 34. Additionally, the liquid refrigerant in the refrigerant that undergoes heat exchange in the heat exchanger 31 can flow along the refrigerant line 11.

[0115] In other words, the heat exchanger 31 can be operated when the expanding refrigerant is supplied through the first line 32. Therefore, the heat exchanger 31 can supply gaseous refrigerant in the supplied refrigerant to the compressor 10 through the second line 34 to increase the flow rate of refrigerant circulating along or through the refrigerant line 11.

[0116] The heat pump system configured in this way may also include a second connecting line 41, a control valve 42, a third connecting line 43, a fifth expansion valve 44, a fourth connecting line 45, and a fifth connecting line 46.

[0117] The first end of the second connecting line 41 can be connected to the refrigerant line 11 between the condenser 12 and the fourth expansion valve 35. The second end of the second connecting line 41 can be connected to the refrigerant line 11 between the auxiliary heat exchanger 13 and the heat exchanger 31.

[0118] Control valve 42 may be installed on the second connection line 41. In at least one mode of the heat pump system, control valve 42 can selectively open and close the second connection line 41.

[0119] In one embodiment, the first end of the third connecting line 43 may be connected to the refrigerant line 11 between the auxiliary heat exchanger 13 and the heat exchanger 31.

[0120] More specifically, the first end of the third connecting line 43 can be connected to the refrigerant line 11 that connects the auxiliary heat exchanger 13 and the first end of the first line 32.

[0121] The fifth expansion valve 44 can be connected to the second end of the third connecting line 43.

[0122] In one embodiment, the first end of the fourth connecting line 45 may be connected to the fifth expansion valve 44. The second end of the fourth connecting line 45 may be connected to the refrigerant line 11 between the evaporator 15 and the compressor 10.

[0123] More specifically, the second end of the fourth connecting line 45 can be connected to the second end of the first connecting line 21 and the refrigerant line 11 of the compressor 10.

[0124] Furthermore, the first end of the fifth connecting line 46 can be connected to the refrigerant line 11 between the compressor 10 and the condenser 12. The second end of the fifth connecting line 46 can be connected to the fifth expansion valve 44.

[0125] The fifth expansion valve 44 may be a three-way electronic expansion valve, which is configured to selectively expand the refrigerant while controlling the flow of the supplied refrigerant.

[0126] When heating the vehicle interior, both ambient air heat and waste heat from electrical components 3 or battery module 5 are recovered together, or when heating the vehicle interior, only ambient air heat is recovered, the fifth expansion valve 44 can open the third connecting line 43 and the fourth connecting line 45, and can close the fifth connecting line 46.

[0127] Conversely, when recovering waste heat from electrical components 3 or battery module 5 while heating the vehicle interior, or when cooling the vehicle interior, the fifth expansion valve 44 can close the third connecting line 43, the fourth connecting line 45, and the fifth connecting line 46.

[0128] Furthermore, when using refrigerant to heat the interior of the vehicle without recovering heat from hot air heating, the fifth expansion valve 44 can close the third connecting line 43 and open the fourth connecting line 45 and the fifth connecting line 46.

[0129] When the external temperature is low and the heat generated by the electrical components 3 and battery module 5 is insufficient during the initial stage of vehicle operation, and it is necessary to heat the interior of the vehicle, the heat pump system can directly use high-pressure, high-temperature refrigerant to perform heating of the interior of the vehicle.

[0130] As mentioned above, using only refrigerant to heat the interior of a vehicle can be called hot air heating.

[0131] In such a heat pump system, the flow rate of refrigerant can be controlled by the operation control of the gas injection device 30 according to at least one mode for adjusting the interior temperature of the vehicle.

[0132] At least one mode may include a first mode, a second mode, a third mode, and a fourth mode.

[0133] In the first mode, the gas injection device 30 can be operated and the interior of the vehicle can be cooled.

[0134] In the second mode, the gas injection device 30 can be operated, and waste heat from electrical components 3 and battery module 5 can be recovered while heating the vehicle interior.

[0135] In the third mode, the gas injection device 30 can be operated, and while heating the interior of the vehicle, heat from the ambient air, waste heat from the electrical components 3, and waste heat from the battery module 5 can be recovered.

[0136] Furthermore, in the fourth mode, the gas injection device 30 can be left unoperated, and the vehicle interior can be heated using refrigerant without heat recovery.

[0137] The fourth mode can be a hot air heating mode, in which refrigerant is used only to heat the interior of the vehicle when other heat sources are insufficient.

[0138] The following will refer to Figures 2 to 5 The operation and function of a vehicle heat pump system configured as described above according to embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail.

[0139] The following will refer to Figure 2 The operation in the first mode is described in detail. The first mode is used to cool the interior of the vehicle. In the first mode, the gas injection device 30 is operated.

[0140] Figure 2 This is an operational diagram of a first mode of a heat pump system for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0141] Reference Figure 2 In the first mode, the refrigerant line 11 connecting the compressor 10, condenser 12, auxiliary heat exchanger 13, first expansion valve 14 and evaporator 15 can be opened.

[0142] In one embodiment, the first pipeline 32 can be opened via the third expansion valve 33. The second pipeline 34 can also be opened.

[0143] The third pipeline 36 and the fourth pipeline 37 can be closed by the fourth expansion valve 35.

[0144] In addition, the second connecting line 41 can be closed by the control valve 42.

[0145] The third connecting line 43, the fourth connecting line 45, and the fifth connecting line 46 can be closed by the fifth expansion valve 44. Operation of the fifth expansion valve 44 can be stopped.

[0146] In this state, the refrigerant compressed in compressor 10 can flow into condenser 12 along or through refrigerant line 11. The third refrigerant line 6 can be closed, so that refrigerant is not supplied to heating device 7.

[0147] The condenser 12 can condense refrigerant by using coolant supplied from the radiator (not shown) and electrical components 3.

[0148] The refrigerant that has passed through the condenser 12 can flow along or through the refrigerant line 11 via the fourth expansion valve 35 into the auxiliary heat exchanger 13. The fourth expansion valve 35 allows the refrigerant flowing from the condenser 12 to flow into the auxiliary heat exchanger 13 without expansion.

[0149] Therefore, the auxiliary heat exchanger 13 can additionally condense the incoming refrigerant by exchanging heat with the ambient air.

[0150] A portion of the refrigerant discharged from the secondary heat exchanger 13 can flow along the first pipeline 32 into the third expansion valve 33.

[0151] The third expansion valve 33 can expand the refrigerant flowing in through the first pipeline 32, and supply the expanded refrigerant to the heat exchanger 31 through the first pipeline 32.

[0152] In addition, the remaining refrigerant discharged from the secondary heat exchanger 13 can flow into the heat exchanger 31 along the refrigerant line 11.

[0153] Then, the heat exchanger 31 can allow the refrigerant flowing from the auxiliary heat exchanger 13 through the refrigerant line 11 to exchange heat with the refrigerant flowing from the third expansion valve 33 into the first line 32.

[0154] Therefore, heat exchanger 31 allows the refrigerant supplied from the third expansion valve 33 and the refrigerant supplied from the auxiliary heat exchanger 13 to exchange heat with each other. Subsequently, heat exchanger 31 can supply the gaseous refrigerant in the heat-exchanged refrigerant to compressor 10 through second line 34.

[0155] Through this operation, the gas injection device 30 can cause the gaseous refrigerant discharged from the heat exchanger 31 to flow back to the compressor 10 through the second pipeline 34, thereby increasing the flow rate of the refrigerant circulating through the refrigerant pipeline 11.

[0156] The refrigerant flowing from the secondary heat exchanger 13 into the heat exchanger 31 along the refrigerant line 11 can be further condensed by exchanging heat with the refrigerant supplied via the first line 32.

[0157] The refrigerant that is further condensed in the heat exchanger 31 can flow into the first expansion valve 14 along the refrigerant line 11.

[0158] The first expansion valve 14 can expand the refrigerant flowing in through the refrigerant line 11 and supply the expanded refrigerant to the evaporator 15.

[0159] In this state, the ambient air flowing into the HVAC module (not shown) can be cooled by the low-temperature refrigerant flowing into the evaporator 15 as it passes through the evaporator 15. The cooled ambient air can then be directly introduced into the vehicle interior to cool the vehicle interior.

[0160] In addition, the refrigerant that has passed through the evaporator 15 can flow into the compressor 10 along the refrigerant line 11.

[0161] When cooling of battery module 5 is required in the first mode, the first connecting line 21 can be opened through the second expansion valve 23.

[0162] A portion of the refrigerant that has passed through the heat exchanger 31 from the auxiliary heat exchanger 13 can flow into the second expansion valve 23 along the first connecting pipeline 21.

[0163] In other words, the refrigerant discharged from the heat exchanger 31 to the refrigerant line 11 can flow into the first expansion valve 14 and the second expansion valve 23 along the refrigerant line 11 and the first connecting line 21, respectively.

[0164] The second expansion valve 23 can expand the refrigerant flowing in through the first connecting line 21 and supply the expanded refrigerant to the cooler 20.

[0165] The refrigerant flowing into the cooler 20 can cool the coolant while exchanging heat with the coolant supplied from the battery module 5 through the second coolant line 4.

[0166] The coolant cooled in the cooler 20 can be supplied to the battery module 5 along the second coolant line 4. Therefore, the battery module 5 can be efficiently cooled by the coolant cooled in the cooler 20.

[0167] In other words, the coolant circulating through the second coolant line 4 can efficiently cool the battery module 5 while repeating the above operations.

[0168] The refrigerant that has passed through the cooler 20 can flow into the compressor 10 together with the refrigerant discharged from the evaporator 15. The flowing refrigerant can be compressed by the compressor 10.

[0169] The refrigerant compressed in the compressor 10 can be supplied to the condenser 12 along the refrigerant line 11.

[0170] The heat pump system can repeat the above process.

[0171] In other words, while repeating the above operations, the heat pump system can increase the flow rate of refrigerant flowing along refrigerant line 11.

[0172] In addition, the heat pump system can increase the flow rate of refrigerant along the refrigerant line 11, thereby improving the overall cooling performance and efficiency of the system and efficiently cooling the vehicle interior.

[0173] When cooling of battery module 5 is required in the first mode, the heat pump system can efficiently cool battery module 5 by using a low-temperature coolant cooled in cooler 20.

[0174] The following will refer to Figure 3 The operation of the heat pump system in the second mode is described in detail. The second mode is used to recover waste heat from electrical components 3 and battery module 5 while heating the interior of the vehicle. In the second mode, the gas injection device 30 is operated.

[0175] Figure 3 This is an operation diagram of a second mode of a heat pump system for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0176] Reference Figure 3 In the second mode, a portion of the refrigerant line 11 connecting the compressor 10, condenser 12, and fourth expansion valve 35 can be opened via the fourth expansion valve 35.

[0177] In addition, a portion of the refrigerant line 11 connecting the first end of the first connecting line 21 to the heat exchanger 31 and a portion of the refrigerant line 11 connecting the second end of the first connecting line 21 to the compressor 10 can be opened.

[0178] In addition, a portion of the refrigerant line 11 connecting the second end of the first connecting line 21 and the heat exchanger 31 can be opened.

[0179] In addition, a portion of the refrigerant line 11 that connects the first end of the first connecting line 21 to the first expansion valve 14 and the evaporator 15, and a portion of the refrigerant line 11 that connects the evaporator 15 to the second end of the first connecting line 21 can be closed.

[0180] In this example, the operation of the first expansion valve 14 can be stopped. Therefore, refrigerant cannot be supplied to the evaporator 15.

[0181] The first connecting line 21 can be opened by the second expansion valve 23.

[0182] In one embodiment, a portion of the first conduit 32, which connects the first end of the first conduit 32 to the second end of the third conduit 36, can be shut off.

[0183] The remainder of the first line 32, which connects the second end of the third line 36 to the heat exchanger 31, can be opened by the third expansion valve 33.

[0184] The second pipeline 34 can be opened. In addition, the third pipeline 36 can be opened via the fourth expansion valve 35.

[0185] The second connecting line 41 can be opened by the control valve 42. In addition, the third connecting line 43, the fourth connecting line 45 and the fifth connecting line 46 can be closed by the fifth expansion valve 44.

[0186] In this example, the operation of the fifth expansion valve 44 can be stopped.

[0187] In this state, the refrigerant compressed in compressor 10 can flow into condenser 12 along refrigerant line 11. The third refrigerant line 6 can be opened to supply refrigerant to heating device 7.

[0188] Therefore, the refrigerant flowing into the condenser 12 can be condensed while exchanging heat with the refrigerant supplied from the heating device 7 via the third refrigerant line 6. The refrigerant whose temperature has increased through heat exchange with the refrigerant in the condenser 12 can be supplied to the heating device 7.

[0189] A portion of the refrigerant condensed in condenser 12 can flow into heat exchanger 31 along the open second connecting line 41 and a portion of refrigerant line 11.

[0190] In addition, the remaining refrigerant condensed in condenser 12 can flow into the fourth expansion valve 35 along refrigerant line 11.

[0191] The fourth expansion valve 35 allows the refrigerant flowing in through the refrigerant line 11 to flow to the third line 36 without expansion.

[0192] In other words, the refrigerant flowing from the condenser 12 to the third line 36 can flow into the third expansion valve 33 along the open portion of the first line 32.

[0193] The third expansion valve 33 can expand the refrigerant flowing in through the first pipeline 32, and supply the expanded refrigerant to the heat exchanger 31 through the open portion of the first pipeline 32.

[0194] Therefore, the heat exchanger 31 allows the expanded refrigerant flowing in through the first line 32 to exchange heat with the refrigerant supplied from the condenser 12. Afterward, the heat exchanger 31 can supply the gaseous refrigerant from the heat-exchanged refrigerant to the compressor 10 through the second line 34.

[0195] Through this operation, the gas injection device 30 can cause the gaseous refrigerant discharged from the heat exchanger 31 to flow back to the compressor 10 through the second pipeline 34, thereby increasing the flow rate of the refrigerant circulating through the refrigerant pipeline 11.

[0196] The refrigerant flowing from the condenser 12 into the heat exchanger 31 can be further condensed by exchanging heat with the refrigerant supplied via the first line 32.

[0197] In addition, the refrigerant discharged from the heat exchanger 31 to the refrigerant line 11 can flow into the second expansion valve 23 along a portion of the refrigerant line 11 and the first connecting line 21.

[0198] The second expansion valve 23 can expand the refrigerant flowing in through the first connecting line 21 and supply the expanded refrigerant to the cooler 20.

[0199] The refrigerant flowing into the cooler 20 can exchange heat with the refrigerant supplied from the electrical components 3 via the first refrigerant line 2. Simultaneously, the refrigerant flowing into the cooler 20 can exchange heat with the refrigerant supplied from the battery module 5 via the second refrigerant line 4.

[0200] The coolant can increase its temperature by recovering waste heat from the electrical component 3 and the battery module 5 while cooling the electrical component 3 and the battery module 5 respectively. The coolant heated in this way can be supplied to the cooler 20.

[0201] The cooler 20 can recover waste heat from the electrical components 3 and the battery module 5 while exchanging heat between the corresponding coolant supplied from the electrical components 3 and the refrigerant through the first coolant line 2 and the second coolant line 4.

[0202] In addition, the refrigerant that has passed through the cooler 20 can flow into the compressor 10 along the first connecting line 21 and the open refrigerant line 11.

[0203] In other words, the refrigerant that has passed through the cooler 20 and the refrigerant supplied from the heat exchanger 31 through the second pipeline 34 can flow into the compressor 10. The flowing refrigerant can be compressed by the compressor 10.

[0204] The refrigerant compressed in compressor 10 can be supplied to condenser 12 along refrigerant line 11. The heat pump system can then repeat this process.

[0205] The ambient air flowing into the vehicle can be converted to a high-temperature state by exchanging heat with the high-temperature coolant flowing into the heating device 7, and then flow into the vehicle interior, thereby achieving heating of the vehicle interior.

[0206] Therefore, the refrigerant circulating in the heat pump system can smoothly recover waste heat in the cooler 20 from the individual coolants whose temperature rises when passing through the electrical components 3 and the battery module 5, thereby improving the overall heating performance and efficiency of the system.

[0207] Furthermore, according to embodiments of this disclosure, heating efficiency and performance can be improved while minimizing the use of individual electric heaters.

[0208] In other words, while repeating the above operations, the heat pump system of this disclosure can increase the flow rate of refrigerant flowing along the refrigerant line 11.

[0209] In addition, the gas injection device 30 can increase the flow rate of refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant line 11, thereby maximizing the heating performance of the system.

[0210] The following reference Figure 4 The operation in the third mode is described in detail. The third mode is used to recover heat from the ambient air, waste heat from electrical components 3 and waste heat from battery module 5 while heating the interior of the vehicle. In the third mode, the gas injection device 30 can be operated.

[0211] Figure 4 This is an operation diagram of a third mode of a heat pump system for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0212] Reference Figure 4 In the third mode of the heat pump system, a portion of the refrigerant line 11 connecting the compressor 10, condenser 12 and fourth expansion valve 35 can be opened through the fourth expansion valve 35.

[0213] Furthermore, a portion of the refrigerant line 11, which connects the fourth expansion valve 35 to the first end of the third connecting line 43 via the auxiliary heat exchanger 13, can be opened by the fourth expansion valve 35 and the fifth expansion valve 44.

[0214] In addition, a portion of the refrigerant line 11 connecting the first end of the first connecting line 21 to the heat exchanger 31, and a portion of the refrigerant line 11 connecting the second end of the first connecting line 21 to the compressor 10 can be opened.

[0215] In addition, a portion of the refrigerant line 11 connecting the second end of the first connecting line 21 and the heat exchanger 31 can be opened.

[0216] In addition, a portion of the refrigerant line 11 that connects the first end of the first connecting line 21 to the second end of the fourth line 37 can be opened.

[0217] In addition, a portion of the refrigerant line 11 that connects the second end of the fourth line 37 to the first expansion valve 14 and the evaporator 15, and the refrigerant line 11 that connects the evaporator 15 to the second end of the first connecting line 21 can be closed.

[0218] In this example, the operation of the first expansion valve 14 can be stopped. Therefore, refrigerant cannot be supplied to the evaporator 15.

[0219] The first connecting line 21 can be opened by the second expansion valve 23.

[0220] In one embodiment, a portion of the first conduit 32, which connects the first end of the first conduit 32 to the second end of the third conduit 36, can be shut off.

[0221] The remainder of the first line 32, which connects the second end of the third line 36 to the heat exchanger 31, can be opened by the third expansion valve 33.

[0222] The second pipeline 34 can be opened. In addition, the third pipeline 36 and the fourth pipeline 37 can be opened via the fourth expansion valve 35.

[0223] The second connecting line 41 can be opened via the control valve 42.

[0224] Furthermore, the third connecting line 43 and the fourth connecting line 45 can be opened via the fifth expansion valve 44. Additionally, the fifth connecting line 46 can be closed via the fifth expansion valve 44.

[0225] In this state, the refrigerant compressed in compressor 10 can flow into condenser 12 along refrigerant line 11. The third refrigerant line 6 can be opened to supply refrigerant to heating device 7.

[0226] Therefore, the refrigerant flowing into the condenser 12 can be condensed while exchanging heat with the refrigerant supplied from the heating device 7 via the third refrigerant line 6. The refrigerant whose temperature has increased through heat exchange with the refrigerant in the condenser 12 can be supplied to the heating device 7.

[0227] A portion of the refrigerant condensed in condenser 12 can flow into heat exchanger 31 along the open second connecting line 41 and a portion of refrigerant line 11.

[0228] In addition, the remaining refrigerant condensed in condenser 12 can flow into the fourth expansion valve 35 along refrigerant line 11.

[0229] The fourth expansion valve 35 allows refrigerant flowing in through refrigerant line 11 to flow to the third line 36 without expansion.

[0230] In other words, the refrigerant flows from the condenser 12 to the third line 36 and can flow into the third expansion valve 33 along the open portion of the first line 32.

[0231] The third expansion valve 33 can expand the refrigerant flowing in through the first pipeline 32, and supply the expanded refrigerant to the heat exchanger 31 through the open portion of the first pipeline 32.

[0232] Therefore, the heat exchanger 31 allows the expanded refrigerant flowing in through the first line 32 to exchange heat with the refrigerant supplied from the condenser 12. Afterwards, the heat exchanger 31 can supply the gaseous refrigerant from the heat-exchanged refrigerant to the compressor 10 through the second line 34.

[0233] Through this operation, the gas injection device 30 can cause the gaseous refrigerant discharged from the heat exchanger 31 to flow back to the compressor 10 through the second pipeline 34, thereby increasing the flow rate of the refrigerant circulating through the refrigerant pipeline 11.

[0234] The refrigerant flowing from the condenser 12 into the heat exchanger 31 can be further condensed by exchanging heat with the refrigerant supplied via the first line 32.

[0235] In addition, a portion of the refrigerant discharged from the heat exchanger 31 into the refrigerant line 11 can flow into the second expansion valve 23 along a portion of the refrigerant line 11 and the first connecting line 21.

[0236] The second expansion valve 23 can expand the refrigerant flowing in through the first connecting line 21 and supply the expanded refrigerant to the cooler 20.

[0237] The refrigerant flowing into the cooler 20 can exchange heat with the refrigerant supplied from the electrical components 3 through the first refrigerant line 2. Simultaneously, the refrigerant flowing into the cooler 20 can exchange heat with the refrigerant supplied from the battery module 5 through the second refrigerant line 4.

[0238] The coolant can be heated by collecting waste heat from the electrical component 3 and the battery module 5, respectively, while simultaneously cooling the electrical component 3 and the battery module 5. The cooled coolant, heated in this way, can then be supplied to the cooler 20.

[0239] The cooler 20 can collect waste heat from the electrical components 3 and the battery module 5 while exchanging heat between the coolant supplied from the electrical components 3 and the battery module 5 through the first coolant line 2 and the second coolant line 4, respectively.

[0240] The remaining refrigerant in the refrigerant discharged from heat exchanger 31 into refrigerant line 11 can flow into fourth expansion valve 35 along fourth line 37.

[0241] The fourth expansion valve 35 can expand the refrigerant flowing in through the fourth pipeline 37, and supply the expanded refrigerant to the auxiliary heat exchanger 13 through the refrigerant pipeline 11.

[0242] The secondary heat exchanger 13 can evaporate the refrigerant supplied from the fourth expansion valve 35 by exchanging heat with the ambient air. The refrigerant can directly absorb heat from the ambient air.

[0243] The refrigerant that has recovered ambient air heat as it passes through the secondary heat exchanger 13 can flow into the fifth expansion valve 44 along a portion of the refrigerant line 11 and the third connecting line 43.

[0244] The fifth expansion valve 44 allows the refrigerant flowing in through the third connecting line 43 to flow to the fourth connecting line 45 without expansion.

[0245] In addition, the refrigerant flowing along the fourth connecting line 45 can flow into the compressor 10 along the open refrigerant line 11 together with the refrigerant flowing out of the cooler 20 along the first connecting line 21.

[0246] In other words, the refrigerant that has passed through the secondary heat exchanger 13 and the cooler 20, as well as the refrigerant supplied from the heat exchanger 31 through the second pipeline 34, can flow together into the compressor 10. The flowing refrigerant can be compressed by the compressor 10.

[0247] The refrigerant compressed in compressor 10 can be supplied to condenser 12 along refrigerant line 11. The heat pump system can then repeat this process.

[0248] The ambient air flowing into the vehicle can be converted to a high-temperature state by exchanging heat with the high-temperature coolant flowing into the heating device 7, and then flow into the vehicle interior, thereby achieving heating of the vehicle interior.

[0249] Therefore, the refrigerant circulating in the heat pump system can recover ambient air heat in the auxiliary heat exchanger 13, and can smoothly recover waste heat from the refrigerant that has increased in temperature when passing through the electrical components 3 and the battery module 5 in the cooler 20, thereby improving the overall heating performance and efficiency of the system.

[0250] Furthermore, according to embodiments of this disclosure, the heating efficiency and performance of the system can be improved while minimizing the use of individual electric heaters.

[0251] In other words, while repeating the above operations, the heat pump system can increase the flow rate of refrigerant flowing along refrigerant line 11.

[0252] In addition, the gas injection device 30 can increase the flow rate of refrigerant circulating through the refrigerant line 11, thereby maximizing heating performance.

[0253] In addition, the following will refer to Figure 5 The operation in the fourth mode is described in detail. The fourth mode is used to heat the interior of the vehicle by using refrigerant without recovering heat. In the fourth mode, the gas injection device 30 is not in operation.

[0254] Figure 5 This is an operation diagram of a fourth mode of a heat pump system for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0255] Reference Figure 5 When the ambient air heat, the waste heat from electrical components 3, and the waste heat from battery module 5 are insufficient, the heat pump system may not be able to recover enough heat from these heat sources.

[0256] In other words, when the external temperature is low and the heat generated by the electrical components 3 and battery module 5 is insufficient during the initial stage of vehicle operation, and it is necessary to heat the interior of the vehicle, the heat pump system can directly use high-pressure, high-temperature refrigerant to perform heating of the vehicle interior.

[0257] Therefore, heating the vehicle interior using only refrigerant can be called hot air heating mode.

[0258] In one embodiment, in the fourth mode, a portion of the refrigerant line 11 that connects the compressor 10 to the first end of the second connection line 41 via the condenser 12 can be opened.

[0259] Furthermore, a portion of the refrigerant line 11, which connects the first end of the second connecting line 41 to the second end of the second connecting line 41 via the fourth expansion valve 35 and the auxiliary heat exchanger 13, can be closed by the fourth expansion valve 35.

[0260] In addition, a portion of the refrigerant line 11 connecting the heat exchanger 31 and the first end of the first connecting line 21, as well as a portion of the refrigerant line 11 connecting the second end of the first connecting line 21 and the compressor 10, can be opened.

[0261] Furthermore, a portion of the refrigerant line 11 that connects the first end of the first connecting line 21 to the second end of the first connecting line 21 via the first expansion valve 14 and the evaporator 15 can be closed by the first expansion valve 14.

[0262] In addition, a portion of the refrigerant line 11 connecting the second end of the second connecting line 41 and the heat exchanger 31 can be opened.

[0263] In this example, the operation of the first expansion valve 14 can be stopped. Therefore, refrigerant will not be supplied to the evaporator 15.

[0264] The first connecting line 21 can be opened by the second expansion valve 23.

[0265] In one embodiment, the first line 32 can be closed by the third expansion valve 33. The second line 34 can be closed.

[0266] The third pipeline 36 and the fourth pipeline 37 can be closed via the fourth expansion valve 35. The operation of the third expansion valve 33 and the fourth expansion valve 35 can be stopped.

[0267] In one embodiment, the second connection line 41 can be opened by a control valve 42.

[0268] Furthermore, the third connecting line 43 can be closed via the fifth expansion valve 44. Additionally, the fourth connecting line 45 and the fifth connecting line 46 can be opened via the fifth expansion valve 44.

[0269] In this state, the refrigerant compressed in the compressor 10 can flow along the refrigerant line 11 connected to the condenser 12.

[0270] A portion of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 can flow into the fifth connecting line 46 and then be supplied to the fifth expansion valve 44.

[0271] The fifth expansion valve 44 allows the refrigerant flowing from the compressor 10 through the fifth connecting line 46 to expand. Afterward, the fifth expansion valve 44 allows the expanded refrigerant to flow along the fourth connecting line 45.

[0272] The remaining refrigerant discharged from compressor 10 can flow into condenser 12 along refrigerant line 11. The third refrigerant line 6 can be opened to supply refrigerant to heating device 7.

[0273] Therefore, the refrigerant flowing into the condenser 12 can be condensed while exchanging heat with the refrigerant supplied from the heating device 7 via the third refrigerant line 6. The refrigerant whose temperature has increased through heat exchange with the refrigerant in the condenser 12 can be supplied to the heating device 7.

[0274] The refrigerant condensed in the condenser 12 can flow into the heat exchanger 31 along the open second connecting line 41 and a portion of the refrigerant line 11.

[0275] The refrigerant that has passed through the heat exchanger 31 can flow into the second expansion valve 23 along a portion of the refrigerant line 11 and the first connecting line 21.

[0276] The second expansion valve 23 expands the refrigerant flowing in through the first connecting line 21 and supplies the expanded refrigerant to the cooler 20. The first coolant line 2 and the second coolant line 4 can be closed to prevent heat exchange between the refrigerant and the coolant in the cooler 20.

[0277] In other words, due to insufficient heat generated from electrical components 3 and battery module 5, coolant will not be introduced into cooler 20.

[0278] In addition, the refrigerant that has passed through the cooler 20 can flow along the open portion of the first connecting line 21 and the refrigerant line 11.

[0279] In other words, the refrigerant that expands in the second expansion valve 23 and passes through the cooler 20, and the refrigerant that expands in the fifth expansion valve 44 and flows along the fourth connecting line 45, can be drawn into the compressor 10.

[0280] The refrigerant flowing into the compressor 10 can be supplied again to the condenser 12 and the fifth expansion valve 44 respectively.

[0281] The ambient air flowing into the vehicle can be converted to a high-temperature state by exchanging heat with the high-temperature coolant flowing into the heating device 7, and then flow into the vehicle interior, thereby achieving heating of the vehicle interior.

[0282] In other words, in one embodiment, when the external temperature is low and there is insufficient heat during the initial stage of vehicle operation, the interior of the vehicle can be heated by using a high-temperature refrigerant supplied from the compressor 10 while repeating the above-described operation.

[0283] Therefore, as described above, the vehicle heat pump system according to one embodiment can improve cooling and heating performance by applying a gas injection device 30 that selectively operates in the vehicle's interior air conditioning mode to increase the flow of refrigerant.

[0284] Furthermore, according to this disclosure, by using the gas injection device 30, the performance of the system can be maximized while minimizing the required system components, thus enabling system simplification and streamlining.

[0285] Furthermore, according to this disclosure, when heating the interior of a vehicle, ambient air heat, waste heat from electrical components 3, or waste heat from battery module 5 can be selectively used, thereby improving heating efficiency.

[0286] Furthermore, according to this disclosure, vehicle interior heating can be performed efficiently even when the external temperature is low and the heat generated from the electrical components 3 and battery module 5 is insufficient during the initial stage of vehicle operation.

[0287] Furthermore, according to this disclosure, by streamlining the entire system, manufacturing costs and weight can be reduced, and space utilization of the system and vehicle can be improved.

[0288] While this disclosure has been described in conjunction with embodiments now considered practical, it should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Rather, this disclosure is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements falling within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

[0289] Symbol Explanation

[0290] 2: First coolant pipeline

[0291] 3: Electrical components

[0292] 4: Second coolant pipeline

[0293] 5: Battery Module

[0294] 6: Third coolant pipeline

[0295] 7: Heating device

[0296] 10: Compressor

[0297] 11: Refrigerant Piping

[0298] 12: Condenser

[0299] 13: Secondary heat exchanger

[0300] 14: First expansion valve

[0301] 15: Evaporator

[0302] 20: Cooler

[0303] 21: First connecting pipeline

[0304] 23: Second expansion valve

[0305] 30: Gas injection device

[0306] 31: Heat exchanger

[0307] 32: First pipeline

[0308] 33: Third expansion valve

[0309] 34: Second pipeline

[0310] 35: Fourth expansion valve

[0311] 36: Third pipeline

[0312] 37: Fourth pipeline

[0313] 41: Second connecting pipeline

[0314] 42: Control valve

[0315] 43: Third connecting pipeline

[0316] 44: Fifth expansion valve

[0317] 45: Fourth connecting pipeline

[0318] 46: Fifth connecting pipeline

Claims

1. A heat pump system for a vehicle, the heat pump system comprising: The compressor is configured to compress the refrigerant; The condenser is connected to the compressor via refrigerant lines and is configured to condense the refrigerant; The first expansion valve is connected to the condenser via a refrigerant line; The evaporator, connected to the first expansion valve via a refrigerant line and to the compressor via a refrigerant line, is configured to evaporate the refrigerant; The first connecting line has a first end connected to the refrigerant line between the condenser and the first expansion valve, and a second end connected to the refrigerant line between the compressor and the evaporator. A cooler is provided on the first connecting line and is configured to adjust the temperature of the coolant by exchanging heat between the refrigerant flowing in through the first connecting line and the coolant. The second expansion valve is installed on the first connecting pipeline and is located at the upstream end of the cooler; A secondary heat exchanger is installed on the refrigerant line, located between the condenser and the first expansion valve, and is configured to selectively condense or evaporate the refrigerant flowing in. and A gas injection device, disposed on the refrigerant line between the auxiliary heat exchanger and the first expansion valve, is configured to: selectively expand refrigerant supplied from one of the condenser and the auxiliary heat exchanger, allow the refrigerant expanded by the gas injection device to flow, and selectively supply a portion of the refrigerant supplied to the gas injection device to the compressor to increase the flow rate of refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant line. In one of the modes of a heat pump system used to adjust the temperature inside a vehicle, the flow rate of the refrigerant is controlled by the operation control of a gas injection device.

2. The heat pump system according to claim 1, wherein, The gas injection device includes: The heat exchanger is installed on the refrigerant pipeline, located between the auxiliary heat exchanger and the first expansion valve; The first pipeline has its first end connected to the refrigerant pipeline between the auxiliary heat exchanger and the heat exchanger, and its second end connected to the heat exchanger. The third expansion valve is installed on the first pipeline, located at the upstream end of the heat exchanger; The second pipeline has one end connected to the heat exchanger and the other end connected to the compressor. The fourth expansion valve is installed on the refrigerant line, located between the condenser and the auxiliary heat exchanger; The third pipeline has its first end connected to the fourth expansion valve and its second end connected to the first pipeline; and The fourth pipeline has its first end connected to the fourth expansion valve and its second end connected to the refrigerant pipeline between the heat exchanger and the first expansion valve.

3. The heat pump system according to claim 2, wherein, The heat exchanger is configured as follows: Operation during the supply of expanded refrigerant through the first pipeline; and Gaseous refrigerant from the refrigerant supplied to the heat exchanger is supplied to the compressor through a second pipeline to increase the flow rate of refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant pipeline.

4. The heat pump system according to claim 2, wherein, When the gas injection device needs to be operated, the third expansion valve is configured as follows: The refrigerant supplied from at least one of the condenser and the auxiliary heat exchanger through the first pipeline expands; and The refrigerant, expanded by the third expansion valve, is supplied to the heat exchanger.

5. The heat pump system according to claim 2, further comprising: The second connecting line has its first end connected to the refrigerant line between the condenser and the fourth expansion valve, and its second end connected to the refrigerant line between the auxiliary heat exchanger and the heat exchanger. A control valve is provided on the second connecting line and is configured to selectively open and close the second connecting line; The third connecting line has its first end connected to the refrigerant line between the auxiliary heat exchanger and the heat exchanger; and The fifth expansion valve is connected to the second end of the third connecting pipeline.

6. The heat pump system according to claim 5, comprising: The fourth connecting line has its first end connected to the fifth expansion valve and its second end connected to the refrigerant line between the evaporator and the compressor. and The fifth connecting line has its first end connected to the refrigerant line between the compressor and the condenser, and its second end connected to the fifth expansion valve.

7. The heat pump system according to claim 6, wherein, The at least one mode includes: In the first mode, used for cooling the vehicle interior, the gas injection device is configured to operate. The second mode is used to recover waste heat from electrical components and battery modules while heating the vehicle interior. In the second mode, the gas injection device is configured to operate. The third mode is used to recover heat from the ambient air, waste heat from electrical components, and waste heat from the battery module while heating the vehicle interior. In this third mode, the gas injection device is configured to operate; and The fourth mode is used to heat the vehicle interior by using refrigerant without recovering heat. In the fourth mode, the gas injection device is configured not to operate.

8. The heat pump system according to claim 7, wherein, In the first mode: The refrigerant lines connecting the compressor, condenser, auxiliary heat exchanger, first expansion valve, and evaporator are configured to be open; The first pipeline is configured to open via the third expansion valve; The second pipeline is configured to be open; The third and fourth pipelines are configured to be closed via the fourth expansion valve; The second connection line is configured to be closed via a control valve; The third, fourth, and fifth connecting lines are configured to be closed via the fifth expansion valve; The first expansion valve is configured to expand the refrigerant flowing in through the refrigerant line and supply the refrigerant expanded by the first expansion valve to the evaporator; The third expansion valve is configured to expand the refrigerant flowing in through the first pipeline and supply the refrigerant expanded by the third expansion valve to the heat exchanger through the first pipeline. The fourth expansion valve is configured to allow refrigerant flowing from the condenser to flow to the auxiliary heat exchanger without expansion; The fifth expansion valve is configured to stop operation; and The heat exchanger is configured to supply gaseous refrigerant, which is part of the refrigerant supplied to the heat exchanger, to the compressor through an open second line.

9. The heat pump system according to claim 8, wherein, When cooling the battery module is required in the first mode: The first connecting line is configured to open via the second expansion valve; and The second expansion valve is configured to expand the refrigerant flowing in through the first connecting line and to supply the refrigerant expanded by the second expansion valve to the cooler.

10. The heat pump system according to claim 7, wherein, In the second mode: A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the compressor, condenser, and fourth expansion valve is configured to open via the fourth expansion valve; A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the first end of the first connecting line to the heat exchanger and a portion of the refrigerant line connecting the second end of the first connecting line to the compressor are configured to be open; A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the second end of the second connecting line and the heat exchanger is configured to be open; A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the first end of the first connecting line to the first expansion valve and the evaporator, and a portion of the refrigerant line connecting the evaporator to the second end of the first connecting line, are configured to be closed; The first connecting line is configured to open via the second expansion valve; A portion of the first pipeline, which connects the first end of the first pipeline to the second end of the third pipeline, is configured to be closed. The remaining portion of the first pipeline, which connects the second end of the third pipeline to the heat exchanger, is configured to open via the third expansion valve. The second pipeline is configured to be open; The third pipeline is configured to open via the fourth expansion valve; The second connection line is configured to open via a control valve; The third, fourth, and fifth connecting lines are configured to be closed via the fifth expansion valve; The first expansion valve and the fifth expansion valve are configured to stop operation; The second expansion valve is configured to expand the refrigerant flowing in through the first connecting line and to supply the refrigerant expanded by the second expansion valve to the cooler. The third expansion valve is configured to expand the refrigerant flowing in through the first pipeline and supply the refrigerant expanded by the third expansion valve to the heat exchanger through the first pipeline. The fourth expansion valve is configured to allow refrigerant flowing into the refrigerant line to flow into the third line without expansion; and The heat exchanger is configured to supply gaseous refrigerant, which is part of the refrigerant supplied to the heat exchanger, to the compressor through an open second line.

11. The heat pump system according to claim 7, wherein, In the third mode: A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the compressor, condenser, and fourth expansion valve is configured to open via the fourth expansion valve; A portion of the refrigerant line that connects the fourth expansion valve to the first end of the third connection line is configured to open via the fourth and fifth expansion valves; A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the first end of the first connecting line to the heat exchanger and a portion of the refrigerant line connecting the second end of the first connecting line to the compressor are configured to be open; A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the second end of the second connecting line and the heat exchanger is configured to be open; A portion of the refrigerant line that connects the first end of the first connecting line to the second end of the fourth line is configured to be open; A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the second end of the fourth line to the first expansion valve and the evaporator, and a portion of the refrigerant line connecting the evaporator to the second end of the first connecting line, are configured to be closed; The first connecting line is configured to open via the second expansion valve; A portion of the first pipeline, which connects the first end of the first pipeline to the second end of the third pipeline, is configured to be closed. The remaining portion of the first pipeline, which connects the second end of the third pipeline to the heat exchanger, is configured to open via the third expansion valve. The second pipeline is configured to be open; The third pipeline is configured to open via the fourth expansion valve; The fourth pipeline is configured to open via the fourth expansion valve; The second connection line is configured to open via a control valve; The third and fourth connecting lines are configured to open via the fifth expansion valve; The fifth connecting line is configured to be closed via the fifth expansion valve; The first expansion valve is configured to stop operation; The second expansion valve is configured to expand the refrigerant flowing in through the first connecting line and to supply the refrigerant expanded by the second expansion valve to the cooler. The third expansion valve is configured to expand the refrigerant flowing in through the first pipeline and supply the refrigerant expanded by the third expansion valve to the heat exchanger through the first pipeline. The fourth expansion valve is configured to allow refrigerant flowing from the condenser to flow into the third line without expansion. The fourth expansion valve is configured to expand the refrigerant flowing in through the fourth pipeline and supply the refrigerant expanded by the fourth expansion valve to the auxiliary heat exchanger through the refrigerant pipeline. The fifth expansion valve is configured to allow refrigerant flowing in through the third connecting line to flow into the fourth connecting line without expansion; and The heat exchanger is configured to supply gaseous refrigerant, which is part of the refrigerant supplied to the heat exchanger, to the compressor through an open second line.

12. The heat pump system according to claim 7, wherein, In the fourth mode: A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the compressor to the first end of the second connection line via the condenser is configured to be open; A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the first end of the second connecting line to the second end of the second connecting line via the fourth expansion valve and the auxiliary heat exchanger is configured to be closed via the fourth expansion valve. A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the heat exchanger and the first end of the first connecting line, and a portion of the refrigerant line connecting the second end of the first connecting line and the compressor, are configured to be open; A portion of a refrigerant line that connects the first end of the first connecting line to the second end of the first connecting line via the first expansion valve and the evaporator is configured to be closed via the first expansion valve; A portion of the refrigerant line connecting the second end of the second connecting line and the heat exchanger is configured to be open; The first connecting line is configured to open via the second expansion valve; The first pipeline is configured to be shut off via the third expansion valve; The second pipeline is configured to be shut off; The third and fourth pipelines are configured to be closed via the fourth expansion valve; The second connection line is configured to open via a control valve; The third connecting line is configured to be closed via the fifth expansion valve; The fourth and fifth connecting lines are configured to open via the fifth expansion valve; The first expansion valve, the third expansion valve, and the fourth expansion valve are configured to stop operation; The second expansion valve is configured to: expand the refrigerant flowing in through the first connecting line, and supply the refrigerant expanded by the second expansion valve to the cooler; and The fifth expansion valve is configured to expand the refrigerant flowing from the compressor through the fifth connecting line, and to allow the refrigerant expanded by the fifth expansion valve to flow along the fourth connecting line.

13. The heat pump system according to claim 5, wherein, The fifth expansion valve is a three-way electronic expansion valve, configured as follows: While controlling the flow rate of the supplied refrigerant, the refrigerant is selectively expanded.

14. The heat pump system according to claim 2, wherein: The first, second, and third expansion valves are two-way electronic expansion valves, configured to selectively expand the refrigerant while controlling the flow rate of the supplied refrigerant; and The fourth expansion valve is a four-way electronic expansion valve, configured to selectively expand the refrigerant while controlling the flow rate of the supplied refrigerant.

15. The heat pump system according to claim 1, further comprising: Electrical components and battery modules, in which coolant circulates; and A heating device in which coolant circulates to heat the vehicle interior by using high-temperature coolant.

16. The heat pump system according to claim 15, wherein, The cooler is connected to the electrical components via a first coolant line that circulates the coolant, and to the battery module via a second coolant line that circulates the coolant.

17. The heat pump system according to claim 16, wherein, When waste heat from electrical components needs to be recovered while heating the vehicle interior, the first coolant line is configured to be open to connect the cooler and the electrical components.

18. The heat pump system according to claim 16, wherein, When the battery module needs to be cooled while the vehicle interior is being cooled, or when the waste heat of the battery module needs to be recovered while the vehicle interior is being heated, the second coolant line is configured to open to connect the cooler and the battery module.

19. The heat pump system according to claim 15, wherein, The condenser is connected to the heating unit via a third coolant line that circulates the coolant.

20. The heat pump system according to claim 19, wherein, When the vehicle interior is heated, the third coolant line is configured to open to connect the condenser and the heating device.

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