Method, device and controller for self-adapting regulation of electrical performance of photovoltaic assembly

Abstract

This application provides a method, apparatus, and controller for adaptive adjustment of the electrical performance of a photovoltaic module, relating to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology. The method includes: collecting electrical parameters of each cell string unit, and collecting environmental parameters and / or operating status parameters of the photovoltaic module. Based on the collected data and / or received external control commands, a target electrical connection combination scheme for each cell string unit is determined, and a corresponding connection mode adjustment command is generated. The connection mode adjustment command is sent to the corresponding control chip to control the control chip to switch the electrical connection combination of each cell string unit; the electrical connection combination is used to adaptively adjust the electrical performance of the photovoltaic module. This method aims to improve the power generation efficiency and operational quality of the photovoltaic module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, and more specifically, to a method, apparatus and controller for adaptive adjustment of the electrical performance of a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in the global energy transition towards renewable energy, photovoltaic power generation has become a core component of the new energy power generation field due to its clean and sustainable advantages. With the large-scale development of photovoltaic power plants and the diversified expansion of application scenarios, the power generation efficiency and operational stability of photovoltaic modules face many practical challenges. The fixed electrical connection methods and single electrical performance output modes of traditional photovoltaic modules are no longer suitable for complex and ever-changing operating environments and diverse application needs.

[0003] In existing technologies, traditional photovoltaic modules may experience the following operating conditions: severe shading loss, prominent hot spot effects, and poor adaptability to environmental temperature. Due to the fixed internal electrical connection method of the module, it lacks flexibility and adaptability and cannot cope with complex and changing operating conditions, resulting in poor power generation efficiency and operation of photovoltaic modules. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a method, apparatus and controller for adaptive adjustment of the electrical performance of photovoltaic modules, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art and improve the power generation efficiency and operating quality of photovoltaic modules.

[0005] In a first aspect, a method for adaptively adjusting the electrical performance of a photovoltaic module is provided. The photovoltaic module includes a module body, a control chip, and a controller. The module body includes multiple battery string units, and the control chip is configured to correspond one-to-one with each of the battery string units. The method is applied to the controller and includes: Collect electrical parameters of each battery string unit, and collect environmental parameters and / or operating status parameters of the photovoltaic module; Based on the collected data and / or received external control commands, determine the target electrical connection combination scheme for each battery string unit and generate corresponding connection method adjustment commands; The connection mode adjustment command is sent to the corresponding control chip to control the control chip to switch the electrical connection combination of each battery string unit; the electrical connection combination is used to adaptively adjust the electrical performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0006] Secondly, a device for adaptive adjustment of the electrical performance of a photovoltaic module is provided. The photovoltaic module includes a module body, a control chip, and a controller. The module body includes multiple battery string units, and the control chip is configured to correspond one-to-one with each of the battery string units. The device is applied to the controller and includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire the electrical parameters of each battery string unit, and to acquire the environmental parameters and / or operating status parameters of the photovoltaic module; The generation module is used to determine the target electrical connection combination scheme of each battery string unit based on the collected data and / or received external control commands, and generate corresponding connection method adjustment commands. The switching module is used to send the connection mode adjustment command to the corresponding control chip to control the control chip to switch the electrical connection combination of each battery string unit; the electrical connection combination is used to adaptively adjust the electrical performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0007] Thirdly, a controller is provided, which includes a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus; Memory, used to store computer programs; When a processor executes a program stored in memory, it implements any of the steps described in the first aspect above.

[0008] Fourthly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein a computer program is stored therein, and when executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps of any of the methods described in the first aspect above.

[0009] This application provides a method, apparatus, and controller for adaptive adjustment of the electrical performance of a photovoltaic module. The method collects electrical parameters of each cell string unit, as well as environmental parameters and / or operating status parameters of the photovoltaic module. Based on the collected data and / or received external control commands, a target electrical connection combination scheme for each cell string unit is determined, and a corresponding connection adjustment command is generated. The connection adjustment command is sent to the corresponding control chip to control the control chip to switch the electrical connection combination of each cell string unit. The electrical connection combination is used to adaptively adjust the electrical performance of the photovoltaic module. This solution adopts a distributed intelligent control circuit architecture of "controller + distributed control chip," pushing the control function down to the cell string unit level. This enables refined and flexible reconfiguration of the electrical connection method of the cell string unit, providing hardware support for multi-dimensional electrical performance optimization and improving the power generation efficiency and operating quality of the photovoltaic module. Attached Figure Description

[0010] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0011] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating an adaptive adjustment method for the electrical performance of a photovoltaic module provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module with dynamically adjustable electrical performance provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal circuit structure of a control chip provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a battery string unit series combination provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a battery string unit series combination provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This application provides an overall flowchart of a component electrical performance adjustment method according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an adaptive electrical performance adjustment device for a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a controller provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art. The words "first," "second," and similar terms used in this application do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. The words "comprising" or "including," etc., mean that the element or object preceding the word covers the element or object listed after the word and its equivalents, but do not exclude other elements or objects. The words "connected," "coupled," or "connected," etc., are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up," "down," "left," "right," etc., are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0013] Currently, in the global energy transition towards renewable energy, photovoltaic (PV) power generation, with its clean and sustainable advantages, has become a core component of the new energy power generation field. However, with the large-scale development of PV power plants and the diversification of application scenarios, the power generation efficiency and operational stability of PV modules face numerous practical challenges. The fixed electrical connection methods and single electrical performance output modes of traditional PV modules are no longer suitable for complex and ever-changing operating environments and diverse application needs. Specific problems are as follows: 1. Severe Shading Losses: Photovoltaic modules are susceptible to localized shading from buildings, trees, clouds, dust, and other factors during operation. Traditional modules employ a series-connected electrical structure; if a portion of the cell string is shaded, the "weakest link" effect causes a significant drop in the overall module output, potentially even triggering hot spots and severely impacting the module's power generation efficiency and lifespan. Existing solutions often involve adding bypass diodes, but this only provides a simple bypass for the shaded cell string and fails to fully utilize the power generation potential of the unshaded cell string, resulting in significant shading losses.

[0014] 2. The hazards of hot spot effect are significant: When a portion of a photovoltaic module's cells is shaded or malfunctions, that portion of the cell transforms from a power generation unit into an energy consumption unit, generating a large amount of heat and forming hot spots. Traditional modules lack targeted electrical regulation mechanisms, and the reverse voltage in the hot spot area cannot be effectively reduced, causing the hot spot temperature to continue to rise. This not only burns the cells and encapsulation materials but may also cause fires and other safety hazards, seriously threatening the safe and stable operation of the power plant.

[0015] 3. Poor adaptability to ambient temperature: The open-circuit voltage and operating voltage of photovoltaic modules are sensitive to ambient temperature. In low-temperature environments, the open-circuit voltage of the modules increases, limiting the number of modules that can be connected in series in a single string, increasing the complexity of string configuration and line costs of the power plant. Simultaneously, excessively high open-circuit voltages may exceed the tolerance range of equipment such as inverters, triggering equipment protection shutdowns. In high-temperature environments, the operating voltage of the modules decreases, leading to a reduction in string output voltage, increased line losses, and a decline in power generation efficiency. Traditional modules cannot dynamically adjust their electrical performance parameters according to ambient temperature, making it difficult to achieve optimal operation under different temperature conditions.

[0016] 4. Insufficient power generation during low-irradiance periods: During periods of low irradiance, such as evening and early morning, the output voltage and power of photovoltaic modules drop significantly, often falling below the inverter's startup voltage threshold. This causes the inverter to shut down prematurely, wasting power generation resources during these periods. Traditional modules lack voltage boosting mechanisms and cannot actively increase the output voltage under low-irradiance conditions to extend the inverter's operating time, thus limiting the total power generation of the photovoltaic system.

[0017] 5. Poor MPPT Tracking Adaptability: The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function of the inverter is crucial for improving the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic systems. However, the output voltage range of traditional modules is fixed and cannot be dynamically adjusted based on the real-time calculation results of the inverter's MPPT. The inverter needs to rely on auxiliary components such as built-in resistors to adjust the operating voltage range, which not only increases the complexity of the equipment and energy consumption, but also makes it difficult to achieve accurate MPPT tracking at the string level, resulting in the overall power generation efficiency of the system not being fully realized.

[0018] 6. Fixed Electrical Connection Methods: The series and parallel connection methods of the internal cell strings in traditional photovoltaic modules are fixed during production, and their output voltage, current, and other electrical performance parameters cannot be dynamically adjusted according to actual operating requirements. This fixed design mode results in a lack of flexibility and adaptability of the modules, making them unable to cope with dynamic operating conditions such as shading, temperature changes, and irradiance fluctuations. It is also difficult to adapt to the operating characteristics of different types of inverters, limiting the optimization space of photovoltaic systems.

[0019] As the photovoltaic industry continues to demand higher power generation efficiency, operational safety, and economic efficiency, developing a photovoltaic module and regulation method that can dynamically adjust internal electrical connections and achieve multi-dimensional electrical performance optimization has become an urgent need and a core breakthrough direction for solving the aforementioned industry pain points and promoting the upgrading of photovoltaic technology.

[0020] The adaptive adjustment method for the electrical performance of photovoltaic modules provided in this application embodiment can be applied to a controller, which can be a control box controller, and there is no limitation thereto.

[0021] The preferred embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this application. Furthermore, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for adaptive adjustment of the electrical performance of a photovoltaic module, provided in an embodiment of this application. The photovoltaic module includes a module body, a control chip, and a controller. The module body includes multiple cell string units, and the control chip is configured in a one-to-one correspondence with each cell string unit. The method is applied to the controller. Figure 1 As shown, the method may include: Step S101: Collect the electrical parameters of each battery string unit, and collect the environmental parameters and / or operating status parameters of the photovoltaic module.

[0023] For example, photovoltaic modules, through modular division, distributed control circuit integration, and controller design, construct an electrical system with flexible reconfiguration capabilities. The photovoltaic module includes a module body, a control chip, and a controller. The module body includes multiple cell string units, and the control chip is configured in a one-to-one correspondence with each cell string unit. The specific structure is as follows: 1. Division of Component Body and Battery String Units The module body adopts the conventional photovoltaic module encapsulation structure, containing multiple segmented cell strings. The module is physically divided into several independent cell string units, each consisting of several photovoltaic cells connected in series. The granularity of the unit division can be flexibly set according to the module size and application requirements (for example, a 288-cell module can be divided into 48 cell string units, each containing 6 cells). The positive and negative terminals of each cell string unit are independently led out via metal solder strips, ensuring the independence and flexibility of the electrical connections.

[0024] 2. Distributed Control Circuit Design: Each battery string unit area is equipped with a dedicated control chip (miniature intelligent switch module). This control chip integrates multiple MOSFET switching elements, drive circuits, and communication interfaces, featuring low power consumption and high reliability. The input terminal of the control chip is connected to the positive and negative leads of the corresponding battery string unit, and the output terminal is connected to the output terminals of other control chips and the junction box controller via a bus.

[0025] The control chip supports switching between multiple connection modes and can realize various electrical connection combinations, such as series connection, parallel connection, or independent connection of the controlled battery string unit with other battery string units, according to the instructions of the junction box controller. For example, when two adjacent battery string units are not obstructed, the control chip can receive instructions to connect them in series to increase the output voltage; when one of the units is obstructed, it can switch to parallel connection mode to reduce the impact of obstruction on the overall output.

[0026] 3. Controller Design: The component junction box houses a main controller (hereinafter referred to as the controller or component controller), serving as the core of the entire component's control. The component controller employs a high-performance microprocessor (such as the ARM Cortex-M series), integrating a data acquisition module, a communication module, a control command generation module, and a power management module. Its specific functions are as follows: Data acquisition module: Collects component temperature data through built-in temperature sensor; collects output voltage and current data of each battery string unit and overall component output voltage and current data through voltage and current sampling circuit; reserves sensor interface for expansion to connect external sensor data such as irradiation sensor and shading detection sensor.

[0027] Communication module: Supports CAN, RS485, Ethernet or wireless communication protocols (such as Wi-Fi, LoRa), can establish a bidirectional communication connection with the inverter, realize data interaction with the inverter, receive control commands issued by the inverter (such as MPPT target voltage, working mode commands, etc.), and upload component operating status data (temperature, voltage, current, battery string cell status, etc.).

[0028] Control command generation module: Based on the collected component operation data, external sensor data and instructions issued by the inverter, and based on the preset control strategy, it generates control commands for each control chip to realize the dynamic adjustment of the electrical connection mode of the battery string unit.

[0029] Power management module: Provides stable operating power for the component controller and various control chips. It can be powered by the component's own power generation or an external backup power source to ensure that the control circuit can still work normally when the component is at low output or shut down.

[0030] 4. Overall Electrical Connection of the Module: The control chip of each battery string unit is connected to the junction box controller via a communication bus to receive control commands and report its own operating status. Electrical connection is achieved via a power bus, forming different series and parallel combination circuits according to control commands, ultimately outputting electrical energy through the positive and negative output terminals of the module. The positive and negative output terminals of the module are consistent with those of conventional photovoltaic modules, allowing direct series or parallel connection with inverters or other photovoltaic modules, providing good compatibility.

[0031] In this step, the controller collects the electrical parameters of each battery string unit, as well as the environmental parameters and / or operating status parameters of the photovoltaic module. Environmental parameters include module temperature and / or irradiance; operating status parameters include electrical parameter characteristics, which represent at least one of the following: shading conditions, hot spot abnormalities, or low irradiance conditions. It should be noted that this embodiment of the invention uses a junction box controller as the executor for illustrative purposes. However, in other embodiments, the method can also be executed by a control unit, string-level controller, inverter, or cloud server independently located outside the module, as long as the executing entity can establish a communication connection with the control chip inside the module and issue adjustment commands.

[0032] Therefore, the distributed control circuit uses low-power, wide-temperature-range components, which have good environmental adaptability and reliability; the component output interface is consistent with conventional photovoltaic modules, which can directly replace existing modules, and has good compatibility and scalability.

[0033] Step S102: Based on the collected data and / or received external control commands, determine the target electrical connection combination scheme for each battery string unit and generate the corresponding connection method adjustment command.

[0034] For example, the controller is communicatively connected to the inverter, and receives external control commands including the target operating point voltage of individual components issued by the inverter. Based on the collected data and / or the received target operating point voltage, the controller determines the target electrical connection combination scheme for each battery string unit and generates corresponding connection adjustment commands.

[0035] Step S103: Send the connection mode adjustment command to the corresponding control chip to control the control chip to switch the electrical connection combination of each battery string unit; the electrical connection combination is used to adaptively adjust the electrical performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0036] For example, the connection mode adjustment command is sent to the corresponding control chip, which then controls the control chip to switch the electrical connection combination of each battery string unit, configuring each battery string unit as a series, parallel or independently connected electrical connection combination, thereby adjusting the output voltage and / or output current of the photovoltaic module to achieve adaptive adjustment of electrical performance.

[0037] The method provided in this application collects electrical parameters of each battery string unit and environmental and / or operating status parameters of the photovoltaic module. Based on the collected data and / or received external control commands, a target electrical connection combination scheme for each battery string unit is determined, and a corresponding connection adjustment command is generated. The connection adjustment command is sent to the corresponding control chip to control the control chip to switch the electrical connection combination of each battery string unit; the electrical connection combination is used to adaptively adjust the electrical performance of the photovoltaic module. In this scheme, a distributed intelligent control circuit architecture of "controller + distributed control chip" is adopted, which pushes the control function down to the battery string unit level, realizes the refined and flexible reconstruction of the electrical connection mode of the battery string unit, provides hardware support for multi-dimensional electrical performance optimization, and can improve the power generation efficiency and operating quality of the photovoltaic module.

[0038] This application provides a method for adaptive adjustment of the electrical performance of a photovoltaic module. This embodiment... Figure 1 Based on the embodiments, the method is described in detail below, and the method includes: Step S201: Collect the electrical parameters of each battery string unit, and collect the environmental parameters and / or operating status parameters of the photovoltaic module.

[0039] In one example, environmental parameters include component temperature and / or irradiance; operating status parameters include electrical parameter characteristics, which characterize at least one of the following: shading conditions, hot spot anomaly conditions, or low irradiance conditions.

[0040] For example, this step is described in step S101, and will not be repeated here.

[0041] Step S202: Based on the collected data and / or received external control commands, determine the target electrical connection combination scheme for each battery string unit and generate the corresponding connection method adjustment command.

[0042] In one example, S202 includes: when the electrical parameter characteristics indicate a shading condition, adjusting the connection between the shaded battery string unit and the adjacent unshaded unit from series to parallel; or connecting multiple shaded battery string units in series as an independent branch and then outputting them in parallel with the unshaded branch; when the electrical parameter characteristics indicate an abnormal hot spot condition, bypassing the battery string unit where the hot spot is located and cutting off its electrical connection with other units; when the module temperature is lower than a preset low temperature threshold, determining it as a low temperature condition, reducing the number of series stages of the battery string units and increasing the number of parallel branches to reduce the module output voltage; when the module temperature is higher than a preset high temperature threshold, determining it as a high temperature condition, increasing the number of series stages of the battery string units and reducing the number of parallel branches to increase the module output voltage; when the irradiance is lower than a preset irradiance threshold, or when the operating status parameters indicate a low irradiance condition, increasing the number of series stages of the battery string units to increase the module output voltage.

[0043] In one example, the controller is communicatively connected to the inverter; the received external control commands include the target operating point voltage of a single component issued by the inverter. In one example, S202 includes: querying a preset mapping table between voltage and connection method, selecting the connection combination scheme with the output voltage closest to the target operating point voltage and the highest output power, and generating the corresponding connection method adjustment instruction.

[0044] In one example, the method further includes: when communication between the controller and the inverter is interrupted, the controller automatically switches to local maximum power point tracking mode, adjusts the connection method of the battery string units based on the electrical parameter characteristics it collects, and automatically switches back to cooperative mode after detecting that communication has been restored.

[0045] In one example, the controller supports automatic control mode, manual control mode, and custom control mode; S202 includes: in automatic control mode, determining the target electrical connection combination scheme of each battery string unit based on the collected data and / or received external control commands, and a first preset control strategy, and generating a corresponding connection method adjustment command; in manual control mode, receiving and executing a forced command issued by the maintenance terminal; in custom control mode, determining the target electrical connection combination scheme of each battery string unit based on the collected data and / or received external control commands, and a second preset control strategy, and generating a corresponding connection method adjustment command; wherein, the second preset control strategy includes user-defined environmental parameter thresholds, operating status parameter thresholds, and / or a mapping table between voltage and connection method.

[0046] For example, based on the collected data and inverter requirements (i.e., received external control commands), the electrical connection method of the battery string units is dynamically adjusted through the collaborative work of the component controller and the distributed control chip to achieve multi-dimensional electrical performance optimization. The specific adjustment process and control strategy are as follows: 1. Data Acquisition and Status Monitoring The component controller collects the following data in real time to provide a basis for control decisions: Component operation data: Output voltage and current of each battery string unit, and overall output voltage, current, and power of the component; Environmental parameters: Component temperature (collected by the built-in temperature sensor), and optional irradiance sensor to collect real-time irradiance intensity; Fault and abnormal status data: Determine whether there are abnormal hot spot conditions (such as abnormally low voltage and near-zero current of a certain battery string unit) or shading conditions (such as the output of some battery string units being significantly lower than that of other units) by using voltage and current sampling data; Inverter command data: Receive MPPT target voltage and operating mode switching commands issued by the inverter through the communication module.

[0047] The component controller filters, denoises, and normalizes the collected data, eliminating abnormal data to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data; at the same time, it monitors the working status of each control chip in real time to ensure the normal operation of the control circuit.

[0048] 2. Adjustment strategies in scenes with shadow occlusion When the component controller determines that there is shading based on the output data of each battery string unit (e.g., the output power of one or more battery string units is lower than a preset threshold and significantly different from other units), the shading adaptation adjustment process is initiated: Occlusion location and analysis: Based on the output differences of each battery string unit and combined with data from optional occlusion detection sensors, the location, coverage area and shape of the occlusion are determined; Connection optimization decisions: Develop personalized connection combination schemes for different shading situations. For example, if a single battery string unit is shaded, but surrounding battery string units are not shaded, the connection between the shaded unit and the adjacent unshaded units is changed from series to parallel to avoid the shaded unit limiting the output of the unshaded units. If multiple adjacent battery string units are shaded, the shaded units are connected in series to form an independent branch, and the unshaded units are readjusted to ensure that the output current is close to that before shading. The shaded battery string can be connected in parallel with the normal battery string circuit to maximize the power generation potential of the unshaded portion. Control command issuance and execution: The component controller issues connection mode adjustment commands to the control chip in the corresponding area. After receiving the commands, the control chip switches the internal switch state to complete the electrical connection reconfiguration of the battery string unit. Dynamic optimization: The component controller continuously monitors the shading status and component output changes. If the shading position or range changes, the connection combination scheme is adjusted in a timely manner to ensure that it is always in the optimal operating state.

[0049] 3. Adjustment strategies in hot spot scenarios When the module controller detects an abnormal hot spot (such as a cell's output voltage being significantly lower than other cells, current approaching zero, and localized temperature rise in the module), the hot spot protection adjustment process is initiated: Hot spot location and confirmation: Based on voltage, current sampling data and temperature data, accurately locate the battery string cell where the hot spot is located; Minimum Fault Battery String Bypass: The module controller sends a command to the control chip of the battery string unit where the hot spot is located to disconnect the connection circuit between this unit and other units. At the same time, the connection mode of other battery string units is adjusted to ensure that the overall output of the module is not excessively affected. Fault Alarm: The component controller sends hot spot fault alarm information, including hot spot location and temperature data, to the inverter and power plant monitoring system through the communication module, and notifies the operation and maintenance personnel to handle it in a timely manner.

[0050] 4. Ambient temperature adaptive adjustment strategy The component controller dynamically adjusts the component output voltage based on the collected component temperature data and a preset temperature threshold to adapt to different temperature environments. Low-temperature environment regulation (temperature ≤ T1, where T1 is the preset low-temperature threshold, such as -10℃): At low temperatures, the open-circuit voltage of the modules increases. To prevent the total voltage of a single string from exceeding the inverter's tolerance range due to too many series-connected modules, and to reduce the number of strings to lower line costs, the module controller adjusts the connection method of the battery string units, reducing the number of series stages and increasing the number of parallel branches, thereby reducing the open-circuit voltage and operating voltage of the modules. For example, the original 4-series 2-parallel connection is adjusted to 2-series 4-parallel, causing the module output voltage to drop to the target range. Normal temperature environment regulation (T1 < temperature < T2, T2 is the preset high temperature threshold, such as 45℃): The component controller controls the battery string units to adopt the rated series-parallel connection method, output rated voltage and current, and ensure power generation efficiency and line loss optimization during normal working period; High-temperature environment conditioning (temperature ≥ T2): Under high temperature, the module operating voltage drops. In order to reduce line loss, the module controller adjusts the connection method of the battery string unit, increases the number of series stages, reduces the number of parallel branches, and improves the module output voltage, so that the overall output voltage of the string is maintained within a reasonable range and the line loss is reduced. Dynamic threshold adjustment: The component controller can dynamically adjust the values ​​of T1 and T2 according to the instructions issued by the inverter or the operation and maintenance requirements of the power plant, so as to adapt to the climate conditions and equipment characteristics of different regions.

[0051] 5. Voltage boosting and regulation strategy during low-irradiation periods During periods of low irradiance, such as evening and early morning, when the module controller determines that the current operating condition is low irradiance (e.g., irradiance intensity < 200W / ㎡ or module output power < 20% of rated power) based on irradiance sensor data or module output data, it initiates the following voltage boost regulation process: Voltage demand analysis: Calculate the required voltage increase based on the inverter's start-up voltage threshold and the current component output voltage; Series stage optimization: The module controller adjusts the connection method of the battery string units, increases the number of series stages, reduces the number of parallel branches, maximizes the output voltage of the module, and ensures that the overall voltage of the string meets the requirements of inverter startup and operation; Dynamic maintenance: The module controller continuously monitors the irradiance and module output voltage. When the voltage reaches the target value, the current connection mode is maintained. If the irradiance decreases further, the number of series stages can be adjusted again to ensure the inverter continues to operate and extend the power generation time.

[0052] Therefore, existing reconfigurable components have limited connection combination modes and single control strategies. This application adopts a distributed control chip architecture, supporting multiple connection combination modes, and can achieve refined and personalized adjustments according to different operating conditions and needs, greatly improving flexibility and adaptability, and solving the problem of fixed connection methods in traditional components. Specifically, for different operating conditions such as shading, hot spots, temperature changes, and low irradiance, personalized connection adjustment strategies are formulated to achieve multi-objective optimization such as minimizing shading losses, controllable hot spot risks, improved temperature adaptability, and extended power generation during low irradiance periods. Regarding the differences in shading handling mechanisms, existing technologies can only deal with shading through bypassing or fixed module independent output. This invention can dynamically adjust the series and parallel combination of battery string units according to the shading location and shape, fully utilizing the power generation potential of the unshaded part, reducing shading losses by 30%~50%, and solving the problem of traditional technologies not fully tapping the power generation potential. Regarding the differences in hot spot protection methods, existing technologies cannot minimize the range of the string where the hot spot occurs. This invention solves the hot spot problem by bypassing the smallest battery string unit where the hot spot is located, greatly improving the operational safety of the component, while reducing the power loss of traditional bypass solutions. Regarding temperature adaptability differences, existing technologies cannot dynamically adjust component voltage to adapt to temperature changes. This invention can automatically adjust the series and parallel connection mode of battery string units according to ambient temperature, achieving wide-range voltage regulation. It avoids string voltage exceeding limits at low temperatures and reduces line losses at high temperatures, improving power generation efficiency by 10%~15% under different temperature conditions, thus solving the problem of poor temperature adaptability of traditional components. Regarding low-irradiance utilization differences, existing technologies cannot increase voltage during low-irradiance periods, leading to premature inverter shutdown. This invention actively increases component voltage by optimizing the number of series stages, extending inverter operating time by 0.5~1 hour / day, effectively utilizing power generation resources during low-irradiance periods, and solving the problem of insufficient power generation capacity of traditional components during low-irradiance periods.

[0053] Optionally, a regulation strategy for coordinated MPPT tracking between the controller and inverter is also included. The controller and inverter are communicatively connected; received external control commands include the target operating point voltage of individual components issued by the inverter. The component controller and inverter establish a real-time communication connection to achieve coordinated optimization of MPPT tracking, as detailed below: Target operating point voltage reception: The inverter calculates the maximum power point voltage (V_mppt) of the string according to its own MPPT algorithm, and decomposes the voltage into the target operating point voltage (V_opt) of the individual components, and sends it to the component controller through the communication module; Voltage matching adjustment: After receiving V_opt, the component controller queries the preset mapping table between voltage and connection method, and selects the battery string unit connection combination scheme with the output voltage closest to V_opt; if there are multiple connection methods that can approach V_opt, the scheme with the highest output power is selected.

[0054] Dynamic tracking optimization: The inverter continuously monitors the string output, adjusts V_mppt and V_opt in real time, and sends the data to the module controller; the module controller dynamically adjusts the connection method of the battery string units according to the updated V_opt, to achieve precise MPPT tracking at the module level and ensure that the string always works near the maximum power point; Collaborative fault tolerance mechanism: If communication between the module controller and the inverter is interrupted, the module controller automatically switches to the local maximum power point tracking mode (i.e., local MPPT mode). Based on the output data it collects, it adjusts the connection mode of the battery string units through simple MPPT algorithms such as the hill climbing method to maintain the optimal output of the module. After detecting that communication has been restored, it automatically switches back to the collaborative mode.

[0055] Therefore, establishing a real-time communication mechanism between the modules and the inverter, and dynamically adjusting the module connection method based on the optimal operating point voltage issued by the inverter, enables precise MPPT collaborative tracking at both the module and string levels, thereby improving the overall power generation efficiency of the system. Existing technologies either cannot coordinate with inverter MPPT regulation or rely on external optimizers, increasing cost and complexity. This application achieves precise MPPT tracking at the internal electrical connection level of the modules through deep communication and collaboration between the modules and the inverter, eliminating the need for additional optimizers, improving MPPT tracking efficiency, and solving the problems of poor MPPT coordination and high cost in traditional technologies.

[0056] Optionally, the controller supports automatic control mode, manual control mode, and custom control mode. Automatic control mode: The component controller defaults to automatic control mode. Based on real-time collected data, instructions from the inverter, and a first preset control strategy, the component controller determines the target electrical connection combination scheme for each battery string unit and generates corresponding connection adjustment instructions. Therefore, this mode can automatically complete various adjustment processes without manual intervention, making it suitable for large-scale photovoltaic power plants, unattended power plants, and other similar scenarios.

[0057] Manual control mode: Maintenance personnel can manually issue forced commands through the maintenance terminal, which can be the power plant monitoring system or a local debugging terminal. The component controller receives the forced commands and adjusts the connection method and output voltage and current parameters of the components according to the forced commands. It is suitable for equipment debugging, fault diagnosis, emergency handling of special working conditions, etc. Manual control commands have higher priority than automatic control commands.

[0058] Custom Control Mode: Users can customize environmental parameter thresholds, temperature thresholds (T1, T2), shading judgment thresholds, operating status parameter thresholds, and / or the mapping table between voltage and connection method, etc., according to the actual needs of the project, to obtain a personalized second preset control strategy, adapting to different application scenarios and equipment characteristics. In this mode, based on the collected data and / or received external control commands, and the second preset control strategy, the target electrical connection combination scheme for each battery string unit is determined, and corresponding connection method adjustment commands are generated.

[0059] Therefore, by controlling the multi-mode switching of the chip and the intelligent decision-making of the component controller, the connection combination and voltage regulation can be flexibly realized, and the component output voltage can be continuously adjusted within a wide range to adapt to different temperatures, irradiation conditions and inverter requirements.

[0060] Step S203: Send the connection mode adjustment command to the corresponding control chip to control the control chip to switch the electrical connection combination of each battery string unit; the electrical connection combination is used to adaptively adjust the electrical performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0061] In one example, the control chip integrates a switching element, and the input terminal of the control chip is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the corresponding battery string unit; S203 includes: sending a connection mode adjustment command to the corresponding control chip to control the control chip to switch the on / off state of the switching element, and configuring each battery string unit as a series, parallel or independent electrical connection combination.

[0062] For example, the control chip integrates a switching element, and the input terminal of the control chip is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the corresponding battery string unit. A connection mode adjustment command is sent to the corresponding control chip, causing the control chip to switch the on / off state of the switching element, configuring each battery string unit into a series, parallel, or independently connected electrical connection combination.

[0063] The method provided in this application collects electrical parameters of each battery string unit and environmental and / or operating status parameters of the photovoltaic module. Based on the collected data and / or received external control commands, a target electrical connection combination scheme for each battery string unit is determined, and a corresponding connection adjustment command is generated. The connection adjustment command is sent to the corresponding control chip to control the control chip to switch the electrical connection combination of each battery string unit; the electrical connection combination is used to adaptively adjust the electrical performance of the photovoltaic module. In this scheme, a distributed intelligent control circuit architecture of "controller + distributed control chip" is adopted, which pushes the control function down to the battery string unit level, realizes the refined and flexible reconstruction of the electrical connection mode of the battery string unit, provides hardware support for multi-dimensional electrical performance optimization, and can improve the power generation efficiency and operating quality of the photovoltaic module. Through the distributed control circuit and intelligent collaborative control strategy integrated inside the module, the flexible reconstruction of the electrical connection mode of the battery string unit is realized, dynamically optimizing the electrical performance parameters such as module output voltage and current, and specifically solving industry pain points such as shading, hot spots, and poor temperature adaptability. At the same time, it deeply collaborates with the inverter to improve the overall power generation efficiency and operating stability of the system.

[0064] In one embodiment, Figure 2 This application provides a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module structure with dynamically adjustable electrical performance, as shown in the embodiment. Figure 2 As shown, it includes: 1-module; 2-cell; 3-positive and negative electrode solder strips; 4-positive and negative electrode busbars; 5-junction box; 6-junction box lead wire; 10-control chip; 11-junction box controller, i.e., module controller.

[0065] In one embodiment, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal circuit structure of a control chip provided in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 3 As shown, it includes: 1. Switching element; 2. Drive circuit; 3. Communication interface; 4. Battery string unit wiring; 5. Sensing terminal; 10. Control chip; 11. Component controller.

[0066] In one embodiment, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a battery string unit series combination provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, it includes: 3 - positive and negative electrode solder strips; 7. battery string unit.

[0067] In one embodiment, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a battery string unit series combination provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, it includes: a schematic diagram of battery string units connected in parallel and a schematic diagram of battery string units bypassed.

[0068] In one embodiment, Figure 6A flowchart illustrating an overall method for adjusting the electrical performance of a component, as provided in this application embodiment, is shown below. Figure 6 As shown, it includes: data acquisition; operating condition judgment; connection decision; command execution; and dynamic optimization.

[0069] In one embodiment, the key technical parameters and design specifications of this application are as follows: 1. Control chip performance parameters: On-resistance of each switch ≤50mΩ, switch response time ≤10μs, operating temperature range -40℃~85℃, supports at least 8 connection combination modes such as series, parallel, and independent access; 2. Component controller performance parameters: data acquisition frequency ≥10Hz, voltage sampling accuracy ±0.5%, current sampling accuracy ±1%, temperature measurement accuracy ±1℃, communication delay ≤100ms, and support for communication protocols compatible with mainstream inverters; 3. Voltage adjustment range: The component output voltage can be continuously adjusted within the range of 0.5 to 2 times the rated voltage (the specific range can be set according to the combination of battery string unit division and connection method); 4. Power loss: The static power consumption of the control circuit is ≤5W and the dynamic power consumption is ≤10W, ensuring that the impact on the power generation efficiency of the components is minimized; 5. Reliability indicators: The mean time between failures (MTBF) of the control circuit is ≥100,000 hours, and the overall protection level of the components is ≥IP67, meeting the requirements for operation in harsh outdoor environments.

[0070] Corresponding to the above method, this application also provides an adaptive electrical performance adjustment device for a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module includes a module body, a control chip, and a controller. The module body includes multiple battery string units, and the control chip is configured in a one-to-one correspondence with each battery string unit. The device is applied to the controller. Figure 7 As shown, the device includes: The acquisition module 41 is used to acquire the electrical parameters of each battery string unit, and to acquire the environmental parameters and / or operating status parameters of the photovoltaic module; The generation module 42 is used to determine the target electrical connection combination scheme of each battery string unit based on the collected data and / or received external control commands, and generate corresponding connection method adjustment commands. The switching module 43 is used to send the connection mode adjustment command to the corresponding control chip to control the control chip to switch the electrical connection combination of each battery string unit; the electrical connection combination is used to adaptively adjust the electrical performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0071] The functions of each functional unit of the photovoltaic module electrical performance adaptive adjustment device provided in the above embodiments of this application can be realized through the above method steps. Therefore, the specific working process and beneficial effects of each unit in the photovoltaic module electrical performance adaptive adjustment device provided in the embodiments of this application will not be repeated here.

[0072] This application also provides a controller, such as... Figure 8 As shown, it includes a processor 510, a communication interface 520, a memory 530, and a communication bus 540, wherein the processor 510, the communication interface 520, and the memory 530 communicate with each other through the communication bus 540.

[0073] Memory 530 is used to store computer programs; The processor 510 performs the above steps when executing the program stored in the memory 530.

[0074] The communication bus mentioned above can be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. This communication bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is used to represent it in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0075] The communication interface is used for communication between the aforementioned controller and other devices.

[0076] The memory may include random access memory (RAM) or non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage device. Optionally, the memory may also be at least one storage device located remotely from the aforementioned processor.

[0077] The processors mentioned above can be general-purpose processors, including central processing units (CPUs), network processors (NPs), etc.; they can also be digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components.

[0078] The implementation methods and beneficial effects of the controller's various components in the above embodiments for solving the problem can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 1 The steps in the illustrated embodiments are used to implement the controller. Therefore, the specific working process and beneficial effects of the controller provided in this application will not be repeated here.

[0079] In another embodiment provided in this application, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, which stores instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the adaptive adjustment method for the electrical performance of the photovoltaic module described in any of the above embodiments.

[0080] In another embodiment provided in this application, a computer program product containing instructions is also provided, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the adaptive adjustment method for the electrical performance of a photovoltaic module as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0081] Those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments in this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the embodiments in this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the embodiments in this application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0082] This application describes embodiments of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0083] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0084] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0085] Although preferred embodiments have been described in this application, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0086] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the embodiments of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of this application. Therefore, if these modifications and variations to the embodiments of this application fall within the scope of the claims in this application and their equivalents, then this application also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for adaptively adjusting the electrical performance of a photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes a module body, a control chip, and a controller. The module body includes multiple battery string units, and the control chip is configured to correspond one-to-one with each battery string unit. The method is applied to the controller and includes: Collect electrical parameters of each battery string unit, and collect environmental parameters and / or operating status parameters of the photovoltaic module; Based on the collected data and / or received external control commands, determine the target electrical connection combination scheme for each battery string unit and generate corresponding connection method adjustment commands; The connection mode adjustment command is sent to the corresponding control chip to control the control chip to switch the electrical connection combination of each battery string unit; the electrical connection combination is used to adaptively adjust the electrical performance of the photovoltaic module.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental parameters include component temperature and / or irradiance; the operating status parameters include electrical parameter characteristics, which characterize at least one of the following: shading conditions, hot spot abnormal conditions, or low irradiance conditions.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the collected data and / or received external control commands, determine the target electrical connection combination scheme for each battery string unit, and generate corresponding connection adjustment commands, including: When the electrical parameter characteristics characterize the shading condition, the connection method between the shaded battery string unit and the adjacent unshaded unit is changed from series connection to parallel connection; or multiple shaded battery string units are connected in series as an independent branch and then connected in parallel with the unshaded branch for output. When the electrical parameter characteristics indicate an abnormal hot spot condition, the battery string unit where the hot spot is located is bypassed, and the electrical connection with other units is cut off. When the component temperature is lower than a preset low temperature threshold, it is determined to be a low temperature operating condition. The number of series stages of the battery string units is reduced and the number of parallel branches is increased to reduce the component output voltage. When the component temperature is higher than a preset high temperature threshold, it is determined to be a high temperature operating condition. The number of series stages of the battery string unit is increased and the number of parallel branches is reduced to improve the component output voltage. When the irradiation intensity is lower than the preset irradiation threshold, or when the operating status parameters indicate low irradiation conditions, the number of series stages of the battery string units is increased to improve the component output voltage.

4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The controller is communicatively connected to the inverter; the received external control commands include the target operating point voltage of a single component issued by the inverter. Based on the collected data and / or received external control commands, determine the target electrical connection combination scheme for each battery string unit, and generate corresponding connection adjustment commands, including: The system queries a preset mapping table between voltage and connection method, selects the connection combination scheme with the output voltage closest to the target operating point voltage and the highest output power, and generates the corresponding connection method adjustment command.

5. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The controller supports automatic control mode, manual control mode and custom control mode; Based on the collected data and / or received external control commands, determine the target electrical connection combination scheme for each battery string unit, and generate corresponding connection adjustment commands, including: In automatic control mode, based on the collected data and / or received external control commands, as well as the first preset control strategy, the target electrical connection combination scheme of each battery string unit is determined, and the corresponding connection method adjustment command is generated. In manual control mode, it receives and executes mandatory commands issued by the operation and maintenance terminal; In the custom control mode, based on the collected data and / or received external control commands, as well as the second preset control strategy, the target electrical connection combination scheme of each battery string unit is determined, and the corresponding connection method adjustment command is generated; wherein, the second preset control strategy includes user-defined environmental parameter thresholds, operating status parameter thresholds, and / or a mapping table between voltage and connection method.

6. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The method further includes: When communication between the controller and the inverter is interrupted, the controller automatically switches to local maximum power point tracking mode, adjusts the connection mode of the battery string units based on the electrical parameter characteristics it collects, and automatically switches back to cooperative mode after detecting that communication has been restored.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The control chip integrates a switching element, and the input terminal of the control chip is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the corresponding battery string unit. The connection adjustment command is sent to the corresponding control chip to control the control chip to switch the electrical connection combination of each battery string unit, including: The connection method adjustment command is sent to the corresponding control chip to control the switching state of the switching element of the control chip, and to configure each battery string unit as an electrical connection combination of series, parallel or independent connection.

8. A photovoltaic module's electrical performance adaptive adjustment device, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes a module body, a control chip, and a controller. The module body includes multiple battery string units, and the control chip is configured to correspond one-to-one with each battery string unit. The device applied to the controller includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire the electrical parameters of each battery string unit, and to acquire the environmental parameters and / or operating status parameters of the photovoltaic module; The generation module is used to determine the target electrical connection combination scheme of each battery string unit based on the collected data and / or received external control commands, and generate corresponding connection method adjustment commands. The switching module is used to send the connection mode adjustment command to the corresponding control chip to control the control chip to switch the electrical connection combination of each battery string unit; the electrical connection combination is used to adaptively adjust the electrical performance of the photovoltaic module.

9. A controller, characterized in that, The controller includes a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus. Memory, used to store computer programs; A processor, when executing a program stored in memory, implements the method of any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in any one of claims 1-7.

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