A two-stage dry high-efficiency treatment system and method for waste incineration flue gas

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of flue gas purification system, and particularly relates to a two-stage dry method high-efficiency treatment system and method for waste incineration flue gas, which comprises: an incinerator, a first desulfurization and deacidification system, a second desulfurization and deacidification system, and an activated carbon circulation system, wherein the systems are connected in sequence, and further comprises: a first flue gas turbulent mixing pipeline arranged between the incinerator and the first desulfurization and deacidification system, a grinding assembly arranged at one side of a bottom ash bucket of the second bag-type dust collector, and a collision type airflow crushing assembly arranged at one side of an airflow classification assembly; the present application solves the problems of short contact time and uneven mixing of activated carbon and flue gas through a Venturi type pipeline structure, and integrates an activated carbon crushing, classification and desorption device, thereby overcoming the one-time injection consumption of the activated carbon in the prior art and the deficiency that the activated carbon cannot be recycled, significantly improving the utilization rate of the activated carbon and reducing the consumption of the activated carbon.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flue gas purification system technology, and in particular to a two-stage dry high-efficiency treatment system and method for waste incineration flue gas. Background Technology

[0002] Waste incineration flue gas purification is a complex system composed of multiple technical units, aiming to efficiently remove various pollutants from the flue gas. The entire system is not a single technology, but rather combines multiple functional modules such as denitrification, deacidification, dust removal, and removal of dioxins and heavy metals, according to emission standards and project conditions, to achieve compliant flue gas emissions.

[0003] Chinese Patent CN 116262198 A discloses a two-stage dry desulfurization, deacidification, and dust removal process for waste incineration flue gas. This process includes a slaked lime storage and injection system, a primary baghouse dust collector, a slaked lime storage and injection system, an activated carbon storage and injection system, a reaction tower, a secondary baghouse dust collector, a compressed air system, and an ash conveying system. It employs a two-stage dry desulfurization, deacidification, and dust removal technology: the first stage is a slaked lime desulfurization, deacidification, and dust removal system, in which slaked lime powder is injected into the inlet flue of the primary baghouse dust collector; the second stage is a slaked lime desulfurization, deacidification, and dust removal system, in which slaked lime powder (NaHCO3) is injected before the reaction tower. The entire process has high desulfurization, deacidification, and dust removal efficiency and low emission concentrations, overcoming the low efficiency problem of traditional dry desulfurization and deacidification methods, and achieving ultra-low emissions of SO2, HCl, and dust. Simultaneously, this process has low heat loss in the flue gas, reducing the flue gas heating cost of the subsequent low-temperature SCR denitrification system; and the dry process results in low moisture content in the flue gas, which is beneficial for rapid dissipation after emission and prevents the production of white smoke.

[0004] However, although this technical solution achieves ultra-low emissions of SO2, HCl and dust through two-stage dry desulfurization, deacidification and dust removal technology, and reduces the flue gas heating cost of the subsequent low-temperature SCR denitrification system, it still has at least the following two shortcomings: (1) The contact time between activated carbon and flue gas is short and the mixing is uneven. In the existing two-stage dry process, activated carbon is mostly sprayed at single or multiple points, so that the activated carbon powder passes through the reaction section quickly and cannot fully and evenly contact dioxins, heavy metals and other substances in the flue gas. This results in insufficient adsorption reaction time, which in turn leads to an increase in the amount of activated carbon added, an increase in cost, and the undispersed activated carbon particles are prone to agglomeration, which will reduce the effective specific surface area utilization rate and make the adsorption effect even worse; (2) The activated carbon is consumed by one-time spraying and cannot be recycled. In the current process, activated carbon enters the flue gas by one-time spraying and is directly disposed of as bottom slag solid waste after adsorption of pollutants. Because activated carbon particles have a short residence time in the pipe, only the surface layer undergoes an adsorption reaction, while the internal pores are discharged without undergoing an adsorption reaction. This results in low utilization rate, increased consumption of activated carbon, and higher operating costs. Furthermore, waste activated carbon that has adsorbed toxic and harmful pollutants such as dioxins and heavy metals is classified as hazardous waste, leading to high treatment costs.

[0005] Therefore, in actual use, the existing two-stage dry desulfurization, deacidification and dust removal processes for waste incineration flue gas generally suffer from problems such as short contact time between activated carbon and flue gas, uneven mixing, and one-time consumption of activated carbon, making it impossible to achieve its recycling. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a two-stage dry high-efficiency treatment system for waste incineration flue gas. This system utilizes a Venturi-type pipe structure to solve the problems of short contact time and uneven mixing between activated carbon and flue gas, and integrates activated carbon crushing, grading, and desorption devices. It overcomes the limitations of existing technologies where activated carbon is consumed in a single injection and cannot be recycled, significantly improving the utilization rate of activated carbon and reducing its consumption.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a two-stage dry high-efficiency treatment system and method for waste incineration flue gas, characterized in that it includes: an incinerator, a primary desulfurization and deacidification system, a secondary desulfurization and deacidification system, and an activated carbon circulation system, wherein each stage is connected end to end; As an improvement, the primary desulfurization and deacidification system includes: The first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe is used to extend the contact path and achieve uniform mixing of flue gas and desulfurization and deacidification spray. The first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe is located between the incinerator and the primary desulfurization and deacidification system, and is connected to the output end of the incinerator and the input end of the primary desulfurization and deacidification system. A quicklime storage and spraying device, the output end of which is located near the output end of the first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe; First-stage reaction tower; Primary baghouse dust collector; It should be noted that when the flue gas passes through the first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe, the quicklime storage and injection device injects quicklime, which enters the first-stage reaction tower together with the flue gas for mixing and reaction, thereby achieving first-stage desulfurization and deacidification. Furthermore, the quicklime is adhered and filtered through the first-stage bag filter.

[0008] As an improvement, the first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe located behind the quicklime storage and injection device is provided with a three-section structure along its flue gas output direction for fully mixing the flue gas and quicklime, which includes: The rectifying section is used to break the concentrated flow pattern of the activated carbon jet and prevent it from directly rushing along the axial direction of the pipe, so that it diffuses in all directions. The conical guiding structure is set in the rectifying section. The cone tip of the conical flow guide structure faces the pipe inlet direction, and the cone bottom faces the downstream direction of the pipe. The conical flow guide structure is fixed to the inner wall of the pipe by several sets of support spokes evenly distributed along the circumference of the pipe. The center of the tapered flow guide structure is coaxial with the pipeline axis.

[0009] It should be noted that the rectification section achieves a scattering flow through the setting of the triangular cone-shaped flow guide structure, so that the flue gas and activated carbon are initially mixed. The flow guide plate can force the flue gas to be evenly distributed, so that the activated carbon and flue gas form a relatively uniform flow field before entering the swirl section.

[0010] The swirl section is a convex, rounded, bulging shape. The wall thickness of the swirl section transitions smoothly with the rectifying sections and contact sections on both sides; The swirl section has no right angles and no sharp edges.

[0011] It should be noted that the swirl section transforms the originally straight-flowing fluid into a rotating vortex, increasing the turbulence of the fluid and enabling it to mix evenly; furthermore, the rotating flow field allows the fluid to move forward in a turbulent state in the subsequent pipe, further improving the mixing uniformity of flue gas and activated carbon, thereby enhancing the adsorption effect of activated carbon.

[0012] The contact section is a tapered Venturi-type reducing pipe structure.

[0013] The diameter of the first half of the contact section is larger than that of the rectifier section, and the diameter of the second half of the contact section is reduced to the same as that of the rectifier section.

[0014] It should be noted that the contact section, through the setting of the Venturi structure, uses the expansion of the pipe diameter to reduce the velocity of the high-speed rotating flue gas, increase the static pressure, reduce the swirl attenuation, and allow the vortex flow to maintain a longer distance in the downstream pipe, thus extending the effective contact time between the activated carbon and the flue gas.

[0015] As an improvement, the output end of the first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe is a cut-in swirl generation interface structure, which enters along the tangential direction of the first-stage reaction tower at an angle tangential to it, so that the fluid forms a tangentially incident and spirally rising flow channel.

[0016] As an improvement, the secondary desulfurization and deacidification system includes: The second flue gas turbulent mixing duct is used to extend the contact path and achieve uniform mixing of flue gas and desulfurization and deacidification spray. The second flue gas turbulent mixing duct is located between the primary bag filter and the secondary desulfurization and deacidification system, and connects the output end of the primary bag filter and the input end of the secondary desulfurization and deacidification system. The output end of the baking soda storage and spraying device for spraying baking soda is located near the output end of the second flue gas turbulence mixing pipe. An activated carbon storage and injection device is used to inject activated carbon. The output end of the activated carbon storage and injection device is located near the output end of the second flue gas turbulence mixing pipe. Secondary reaction tower; Two-stage bag filter dust collector; As an improvement, the activated carbon recycling system for classifying baking soda and activated carbon and realizing the crushing and stripping of activated carbon adsorbing dioxins so as to reuse the desorbed activated carbon includes: A grinding assembly for grinding ash-like activated carbon is located on one side of the bottom ash hopper of a secondary bag filter. An airflow classifier is used to separate baking soda and activated carbon. The airflow classifier is located on one side of the secondary bag filter, and its input end is connected to the output end of the primary grinding component. The impact-type airflow pulverizer is used to break and peel off the dioxin-adsorbed activated carbon particles in the pores through strong impact. The impact-type airflow pulverizer is located on one side of the airflow classification component, and its input end is connected to the output end of the airflow classification component. Its output end is connected to the second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe and is located in front of the sodium bicarbonate storage and injection device and the activated carbon storage and injection device. It should be noted that the grinding component performs preliminary grinding of the ash-like activated carbon into powder. The sodium bicarbonate and activated carbon are further separated by the airflow classification component. The separated activated carbon enters the collision airflow pulverizing component, where the activated carbon particles are pulverized by strong impact, shearing and friction. This causes the dioxins adsorbed in the pores to be stripped off along with the broken particles, realizing the recycling of activated carbon. The activated carbon then enters the second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe for mixing.

[0017] As an improvement, the grinding assembly includes: A rotary conveyor assembly for outputting activated carbon filtered by a secondary bag filter is provided in the bottom ash hopper of the secondary bag filter, with its input end connected to the output end of the ash hopper. It should be noted that the rotary conveying assembly is preferably a screw extruder.

[0018] The first drive assembly, used to drive the rotary conveyor group, is located outside the secondary bag filter, and its output end is connected to the input end of the rotary conveyor assembly. It should be noted that the first drive component preferably adopts a motor-driven belt transmission method.

[0019] The housing is located on one side of the secondary bag filter. Several sets of radially distributed fan-shaped through holes are evenly opened in the central area of ​​the surface of the end of the housing away from the secondary bag filter. The overall shape is petal-shaped, and a connecting shaft is provided at the center. The grinding assembly is used to grind ash-like activated carbon into powdered activated carbon. It is located inside a housing and its input end is connected to the output end of the rotary conveying assembly. As an improvement, the grinding assembly includes: A grinding roller, the surface of which has an ash inlet hole, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the rotary conveying assembly, and the grinding roller is slidably mounted on a connecting shaft; A drive roller is rotatably mounted on a connecting shaft and located to the left of the grinding roller. The diameter of the drive roller is smaller than that of the grinding roller. A compression spring, used to make the grinding roller and the drive roller fit tightly together, is provided on the connecting shaft, with one end fixedly connected to the grinding roller and the other end fixedly connected to the inside of the housing. The second drive assembly, which is used to drive the drive roller to rotate, is located above the drive roller.

[0020] It should be noted that the grinding roller is always in close contact with the drive roller under the action of the compression spring, and the ash-like activated carbon is ground between the grinding roller and the drive roller under the drive of the second drive assembly.

[0021] As an improvement, the second driving component includes: The bearing housing is installed on the inner side of the housing near the secondary bag filter. The drive unit is installed on the outside of the housing, away from the secondary bag filter. A rotating shaft is located above the drive roller, with one end rotatably mounted on a bearing seat and the other end connected to a drive device. A drive pulley is provided on the rotating shaft, aligned vertically with the drive roller. A transmission belt connects the drive pulley and the drive roller; It should be noted that the drive device drives the rotating shaft to rotate on the bearing seat, and the drive pulley on the rotating shaft further drives the drive roller to rotate, thereby realizing the grinding between the drive roller and the grinding roller.

[0022] A powder conveying assembly, which is used to output the finished powdered activated carbon, is disposed inside the box; As an improvement, the powder conveying assembly includes: The guide cover, used to guide the finished activated carbon out of the box, is a hollow cone. One end of the cone bottom is connected to the outer ring of the petal-shaped profile, and the other end is located below the grinding roller.

[0023] An air guide plate, used to blow the ground activated carbon out of the box along the guide cover, is located below the first drive assembly and is set close to the right side of the guide cover.

[0024] It should be noted that the ground activated carbon powder falls to the bottom of the guide cover near the grinding roller under the action of gravity.

[0025] As an improvement, the air guide plate includes an air distribution zone, an air supply zone, and an air supply duct. The air distribution zone and the air supply zone are both hollow structures. Several air distribution holes are evenly distributed at the connection between the air distribution zone and the air supply zone. One end of the air supply duct is connected to the air supply zone, and the other end extends to the outside of the secondary bag filter.

[0026] It should be noted that the fan delivers air through the air supply duct, and blows the air evenly through the air distribution holes in the air distribution zone and the air supply zone to the guide cover where the powdered activated carbon is received.

[0027] It should be noted that the ground activated carbon falls into the guide hood in powder form and is blown through the fan-shaped through-holes of the box to the connecting pipe outside the box by the air guide plate, so as to realize the grinding and transportation of the ash-like activated carbon.

[0028] As an improvement, the collision-type airflow pulverizing assembly includes; Furnace body; Feed inlet; The grading chamber is used to screen the crushed particles by centrifugal force. Qualified activated carbon is sent into the discharge pipe with the airflow, while coarse particles fall back into the crushing chamber for further crushing. The grading chamber is located at the top of the furnace body. The third drive component, used to drive the graded screening, is located at the top of the furnace body; Discharge pipe; The pulverizing chamber is used to pulverize activated carbon particles through mutual collision and friction, while simultaneously desorbing and decomposing adsorbed dioxins. The pulverizing chamber is located at the lower end of the furnace body. The pulverizing nozzle is used to spray compressed nitrogen to form a supersonic airflow, which accelerates the activated carbon particles and causes them to collide at high speed in the central area of ​​the pulverizing chamber, thereby achieving the pulverizing effect. Several sets of pulverizing nozzles are evenly distributed along the circumference of the furnace body and are located inside the furnace body. It should be noted that activated carbon will burn and be lost in an air atmosphere, while its structure remains intact under a nitrogen atmosphere. Furthermore, the dechlorination reaction under a nitrogen atmosphere can break the C-Cl bonds in the dioxin molecule. It can also improve decomposition efficiency.

[0029] Annular air inlet pipe: The annular air inlet pipe is located on the outside of the furnace body and is used to connect to an external compressed air source to distribute high-pressure gas evenly to each pulverizing nozzle. A cone barrel is used to create turbulence in the space formed by the inner wall of the furnace and the outer wall of the cone barrel after the gas enters from the feed port. The cone barrel is fixedly installed in the furnace body, with a straight cylindrical section at the top and a cone-shaped transition section with a gradually increasing diameter at the bottom. It should be noted that the design of the cone-shaped transition section with a gradually increasing diameter at the bottom of the cone allows the airflow to accelerate in the narrow channel, enabling the gas to quickly contact the pulverizing nozzle. The pulverized gas then rises inside the cone into the pulverizing chamber under the action of the airflow from the pulverizing nozzle, thus completing the screening of the degree of pulverization of the activated carbon particles and completing a full cycle.

[0030] A microwave fixing sleeve is located on the outside of the furnace body. It has a hollow structure and several sets of installation chambers are evenly distributed along its circumference. A magnetron, used to heat the interior of the furnace body by converting electrical energy into high-frequency microwaves, is provided in the mounting chamber, and several sets are provided accordingly; It should be noted that the magnetron heats the interior of the furnace by converting electrical energy into high-frequency microwaves. Furthermore, with the microwave power controlled at 1800-2100 W and the microwave treatment time controlled at 7-9 minutes, a 99.6% decomposition rate can be achieved in 7 minutes using a nitrogen inert atmosphere.

[0031] Another objective of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a two-stage dry high-efficiency treatment method for waste incineration flue gas. This method is implemented using the aforementioned two-stage dry high-efficiency treatment system for waste incineration flue gas, and includes the following steps: Step 1: When the flue gas from the incinerator passes through the primary desulfurization and deacidification system, the quicklime storage and injection device in the first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe injects quicklime, which enters the primary reaction tower together with the flue gas for mixing and reaction, thereby achieving primary desulfurization and deacidification. Furthermore, the quicklime is adhered and filtered by the primary bag filter.

[0032] Step 2: When the flue gas passes through the secondary desulfurization and deacidification system, the sodium bicarbonate storage and injection device and the activated carbon storage and injection device in the second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe respectively inject sodium bicarbonate and activated carbon into the secondary reaction tower to mix and react with the flue gas, thereby achieving secondary desulfurization and deacidification. Furthermore, the slaked lime is attached and filtered through the secondary bag filter.

[0033] Step 3: The unused activated carbon is initially ground into powder by the grinding component in the secondary bag filter. The sodium bicarbonate and activated carbon are then separated by the airflow classification component.

[0034] Step 4: The separated activated carbon enters the collision-type airflow pulverizer. The collision-type airflow pulverizer pulverizes the activated carbon particles through strong impact, shearing, friction, and microwave heating, causing the dioxins adsorbed in the pores to be stripped off along with the broken particles, thus realizing the recycling of activated carbon. It then enters the second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe for mixing, and then the activated carbon storage and injection device sprays it afterward.

[0035] Step 5: The activated carbon that has completed the desorption and decomposition of dioxins is output to the second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe. It is used to increase the concentration in the early stage, reduce the flue gas flow rate, and improve the mixing and adsorption efficiency. Then, new activated carbon is injected through the activated carbon storage and injection device and the adsorption effect is further improved through the turbulent structure.

[0036] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) By setting up first and second flue gas turbulent mixing pipes, and combining the three-section structure of rectification section, swirl section and contact section and the Venturi contact section design, the present invention extends the contact path and contact time between activated carbon and flue gas, solves the problems of short contact time and uneven mixing between activated carbon and flue gas in the prior art, enables activated carbon to fully contact pollutants such as dioxins and heavy metals in flue gas, improves adsorption efficiency, thereby reducing the amount of activated carbon added, increasing its utilization rate and reducing operating costs.

[0037] (2) This invention utilizes an activated carbon recycling system, employing a grinding component, an airflow classification component, and a collision-type airflow pulverizing component, to achieve graded grinding and recycling of activated carbon, thus overcoming the shortcomings of existing technologies where activated carbon is consumed in a single spray and cannot be recycled. The grinding component grinds the ash-like activated carbon into powder, the airflow classification component separates baking soda from the activated carbon, and the collision-type airflow pulverizing component breaks down and peels off the activated carbon particles that have adsorbed dioxins, allowing the pores of the activated carbon that did not participate in adsorption to be reused, thereby improving the utilization rate of activated carbon.

[0038] (3) The present invention effectively decomposes dioxins adsorbed on activated carbon by using the nitrogen inert atmosphere in the collision-type airflow pulverizing component, combined with the microwave heating design of the microwave fixing sleeve and magnetron, thus solving the problem of activated carbon adsorbing toxic pollutants becoming hazardous waste, reducing the cost of hazardous waste treatment, and preventing pollution, and is environmentally friendly.

[0039] (4) The present invention uses the in-cut swirl generation interface structure of the first and second flue gas turbulent mixing pipes to connect to the first-stage reaction tower in an acute-angle tangential direction, so that the fluid forms a tangentially incident and spirally rising flow channel, which further enhances the mixing effect of flue gas with quicklime and activated carbon.

[0040] (5) In this invention, the activated carbon circulation system and the second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe work together to output the activated carbon that has completed the desorption and decomposition of dioxins into the second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe through the collision-type airflow pulverizing component, thereby increasing the initial concentration, reducing the flue gas flow rate, and improving the high mixing adsorption efficiency. Then, new activated carbon is injected through the activated carbon storage and injection device and the adsorption effect is further improved through the turbulent structure.

[0041] In summary, this invention has the advantages of high activated carbon utilization and strong environmental friendliness. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first and second flue gas turbulent mixing pipes of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fluid paths in the first and second flue gas turbulent mixing pipelines of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the conical flow guide structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the in-cut vortex generator interface structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the overall grinding assembly of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic axial view of the grinding assembly of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a side view of the grinding assembly of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the housing of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the air guide plate structure of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the collision-type airflow pulverizing component of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the fluid path of the collision-type airflow pulverizing component of the present invention; Detailed Implementation The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0044] Example 1 like Figure 1-2 As shown, this embodiment provides a two-stage dry high-efficiency treatment system and method for waste incineration flue gas, including: an incinerator 1, a primary desulfurization and deacidification system 2, a secondary desulfurization and deacidification system 3, and an activated carbon circulation system 4, which are connected end to end. The primary desulfurization and deacidification system 2 further includes: a first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe 21, which is used to extend the contact path and realize uniform mixing of flue gas and desulfurization and deacidification spray. The first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe 21 is located between the incinerator 1 and the primary desulfurization and deacidification system 2, and connects the output end of the incinerator 1 and the input end of the primary desulfurization and deacidification system 2. The secondary desulfurization and deacidification system 3 further includes a grinding assembly 41 for grinding ash-like activated carbon, which is located on one side of the ash hopper at the bottom of the secondary bag filter 35; and, The impact-type airflow pulverizing component 43 is used to break and peel off the dioxin-adsorbed activated carbon particles in the pores through strong impact. It is located on one side of the airflow classification component 42, and its input end is connected to the output end of the airflow classification component 42. Its output end is connected to the second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe 31, and it is located in front of the sodium bicarbonate storage and injection device 32 and the activated carbon storage and injection device 33. Example 2 like Figure 3-7 As shown, components that are the same as or corresponding to those in Embodiment 1 are referred to using the same reference numerals as in Embodiment 1. For simplicity, only the differences from Embodiment 1 are described below. The difference between Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 is that the primary desulfurization and deacidification system 2 includes: The first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe 21 is used to extend the contact path and achieve uniform mixing of flue gas and desulfurization and deacidification spray. The first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe 21 is located between the incinerator 1 and the primary desulfurization and deacidification system 2, and is connected to the output end of the incinerator 1 and the input end of the primary desulfurization and deacidification system 2. The output end of the slaked lime storage and spraying device 22, used for spraying slaked lime, is located near the output end of the first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe 21. Primary reaction tower 23; 24-stage bag filter dust collector; It should be noted that when the flue gas passes through the first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe 21, the slaked lime storage and injection device 22 injects slaked lime, which enters the primary reaction tower 23 together with the flue gas for mixing and reaction, thereby achieving primary desulfurization and deacidification. Furthermore, the slaked lime is adhered and filtered by the primary bag filter 24. As an improvement, the first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe 21 located behind the quicklime storage and injection device 22 is provided with a three-section structure along its flue gas output direction for fully mixing the flue gas and quicklime, which includes: The rectifying section 211 is used to break the concentrated flow state of the activated carbon jet and prevent it from directly rushing along the axial direction of the pipe and causing it to diffuse in all directions. The conical guide structure 2111 is provided in the rectifying section 211. The cone tip of the conical flow guide structure 2111 faces the pipe inlet direction, and the cone bottom faces the downstream direction of the pipe; The conical flow guide structure 2111 is fixed to the inner wall of the pipe by a number of sets of support spokes 2112 evenly distributed along the circumference of the pipe. The center of the tapered flow guide structure 2111 is coaxial with the pipeline axis.

[0045] It should be noted that the rectifying section 211 achieves a scattering flow through the setting of the triangular cone-shaped flow guide structure 2111, so that the flue gas and activated carbon are initially mixed. The flow guide plate can force the flue gas to be evenly distributed, so that the activated carbon and flue gas form a relatively uniform flow field before entering the swirl section 212.

[0046] Swirl section 212, wherein the swirl section 212 is a convex arc-shaped bulge. The wall thickness of the swirl section 212 smoothly transitions with the straightening sections 211 and the contact section 213 on both sides; The swirl section 212 has no right angles and no sharp edges.

[0047] It should be noted that the swirl section 212 transforms the originally straight-flowing fluid into a rotating vortex, increasing the turbulence of the fluid so that it can be mixed evenly; and the rotating flow field allows the fluid to move forward in a turbulent state in the subsequent pipe, further improving the mixing uniformity of flue gas and activated carbon, thereby improving the adsorption effect of activated carbon.

[0048] Contact section 213, wherein the contact section 213 is a tapered Venturi-type reducing pipe structure.

[0049] The diameter of the first half of the contact section 213 is larger than that of the rectifier section 211, and the diameter of the second half of the contact section 213 is reduced to the same as that of the rectifier section 211.

[0050] It should be noted that the contact section 213, through the setting of the Venturi structure, uses the expansion of the pipe diameter to reduce the velocity of the high-speed rotating flue gas, increase the static pressure, reduce the swirl attenuation, and allow the vortex flow to maintain a longer distance in the downstream pipe, thereby extending the effective contact time between the activated carbon and the flue gas.

[0051] As an improvement, the output end of the first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe 21 is a cut-in swirl generation interface structure 214, which enters along the tangential direction of the first-stage reaction tower 23 at an angle tangential to it, so that the fluid forms a tangentially incident and spirally rising flow channel.

[0052] Example 3 like Figure 8-12As shown, components that are the same as or corresponding to those in Embodiment 1 are referred to using the same reference numerals as in Embodiment 1. For simplicity, only the differences from Embodiment 1 are described below. The difference between Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 1 is that, as an improvement, the secondary desulfurization and deacidification system 3 includes: The second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe 31 is used to extend the contact path and achieve uniform mixing of flue gas and desulfurization and deacidification spray. The second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe 31 is located between the primary bag filter 24 and the secondary desulfurization and deacidification system 3, and connects the output end of the primary bag filter 24 and the input end of the secondary desulfurization and deacidification system 3. The output end of the baking soda storage and spraying device 32 for spraying baking soda is located near the output end of the second flue gas turbulence mixing pipe 31. The activated carbon storage and injection device 33 is used to inject activated carbon. The output end of the activated carbon storage and injection device 33 is located near the output end of the second flue gas turbulence mixing pipe 31. Secondary reaction tower 34; 35-stage bag filter; As an improvement, the activated carbon recycling system 4, which is used to classify baking soda and activated carbon and to break and peel off the activated carbon that adsorbs dioxins so that the desorbed activated carbon can be reused, includes: The grinding assembly 41, used for grinding ash-like activated carbon, is located on one side of the bottom ash hopper of the secondary bag filter 35. Airflow classifier 42, used to separate baking soda and activated carbon phases, is located on one side of the secondary bag filter 35, and its input end is connected to the output end of the primary grinding component 41. The collision-type airflow pulverizing component 43 is used to break and peel off the dioxin-adsorbed activated carbon particles in the pores through strong impact. The collision-type airflow pulverizing component 43 is located on one side of the airflow classification component 42, and its input end is connected to the output end of the airflow classification component 42. Its output end is connected to the second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe 31, and it is located in front of the sodium bicarbonate storage and injection device 32 and the activated carbon storage and injection device 33. It should be noted that the grinding component 41 performs preliminary grinding of the ash-like activated carbon into powder. Further separation of the baking soda and activated carbon is achieved by the airflow classification component 42. The separated activated carbon then enters the collision-type airflow pulverizing component 43, where the activated carbon particles are pulverized through intense impact, shearing, and friction. This causes dioxins adsorbed within the pores to be stripped away along with the broken particles, achieving the recycling of the activated carbon. The activated carbon then enters the second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe 31 for mixing. Example 4 like Figure 8-12 As shown, components that are the same as or corresponding to those in Embodiment 1 are referred to using the same reference numerals as in Embodiment 1. For simplicity, only the differences from Embodiment 1 are described below. The difference between Embodiment 4 and Embodiment 1 is that, as an improvement, the grinding assembly 41 includes: A rotary conveyor assembly 411 is used to output activated carbon filtered by the secondary bag filter 35. The rotary conveyor assembly 411 is located in the bottom ash hopper of the secondary bag filter 35, and its input end is connected to the output end of the ash hopper. It should be noted that the rotary conveying assembly 411 is preferably a screw extruder.

[0053] The first drive assembly 412 is used to drive the rotary conveyor group. The first drive assembly 412 is located outside the secondary bag filter 35, and its output end is connected to the input end of the rotary conveyor assembly 411. It should be noted that the first drive component 412 preferably adopts a motor-driven belt transmission method.

[0054] The housing 413 is located on one side of the secondary bag filter 35. Several sets of radially distributed fan-shaped through holes 4131 are evenly opened in the central area of ​​the surface of the end of the housing 413 away from the secondary bag filter 35. The overall shape is petal-shaped, and a connecting shaft 4132 is provided at its center. The grinding assembly 414 is used to grind ash-like activated carbon into powdered activated carbon. The grinding assembly 414 is located inside the housing 413, and its input end is connected to the output end of the rotary conveying assembly 411. As an improvement, the grinding assembly 414 includes: Grinding roller 4141, the surface of which is provided with a ash inlet hole, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the rotary conveying assembly 411, and the grinding roller 4141 is slidably mounted on the connecting shaft 4132; A drive roller 4142 is rotatably mounted on a connecting shaft 4132 and located to the left of the grinding roller 4141. The diameter of the drive roller 4142 is smaller than the diameter of the grinding roller 4141. A compression spring 4143 is used to make the grinding roller 4141 and the drive roller 4142 fit tightly together. The compression spring 4143 is provided on the connecting shaft 4132, and one end of it is fixedly connected to the grinding roller 4141, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inside of the housing 413. The second drive assembly 4144, which is used to drive the drive roller 4142 to rotate, is disposed above the drive roller 4142.

[0055] It should be noted that the grinding roller 4141 is always in close contact with the drive roller 4142 under the action of the compression spring 4143, and the ash activated carbon is ground between the grinding roller 4141 and the drive roller 4142 under the drive of the second drive assembly 4144.

[0056] As an improvement, the second drive component 4144 includes: Bearing housing 41441, the bearing housing 41441 is installed on the inner side of the housing 413 near the secondary bag filter 35; Drive unit 41442, the drive unit 41442 is installed on the outside of the housing 413 away from the secondary bag filter 35. A rotating shaft 41443 is located above the drive roller 4142, with one end rotatably mounted on a bearing seat 41441 and the other end connected to the drive device 41442. A drive pulley 414431 is provided on the rotating shaft 41443 and aligned vertically with the drive roller 4142. A drive belt 41444 connects a drive pulley 414431 and a drive roller 4142. It should be noted that the drive device 41442 drives the rotating shaft 41443 to rotate on the bearing seat 41441, and the drive pulley 414431 on the rotating shaft 41443 further drives the drive roller 4142 to rotate, thereby realizing the grinding between the drive roller 4142 and the grinding roller 4141.

[0057] The powder conveying assembly 415 is disposed inside the housing 413 for outputting the powdered activated carbon that has been ground. As an improvement, the powder conveying assembly 415 includes: The guide cover 4151 is used to guide the finished activated carbon to be output outside the box 413. The guide cover 4151 is hollow and conical. One end of its cone bottom is connected to the outer ring of the petal-shaped profile, and the other end is located below the grinding roller 4141.

[0058] The air guide plate 4152 is used to blow the ground activated carbon out of the housing 413 along the guide cover 4151. The air guide plate 4152 is located below the first drive assembly 412 and is close to the right side of the guide cover 4151. It should be noted that the ground activated carbon powder falls to the bottom of the guide cover 4151 near the grinding roller 4141 under the action of gravity.

[0059] As an improvement, the air guide plate 4152 includes an air distribution zone 41521, an air supply zone 41522, and an air supply duct 41523. The air distribution zone 41521 and the air supply zone 41522 are both hollow structures. A plurality of air distribution holes 41524 are evenly distributed at the connection between the air distribution zone 41521 and the air supply zone 41522. One end of the air supply duct 41523 is connected to the air supply zone 41522, and the other end extends to the outside of the secondary bag filter 35.

[0060] It should be noted that the fan delivers air through the air supply duct 41523, and blows the air evenly through the air distribution holes 41524 of the air distribution zone 41521 and the air supply zone 41522 to the guide cover 4151 where the powdered activated carbon is received.

[0061] It should be noted that the ground activated carbon falls into the guide cover 4151 in powder form and is blown by the air guide plate 4152 through the fan-shaped through hole 4131 of the box 413 to the connecting pipe outside the box 413 to realize the grinding and transportation of the ash-like activated carbon.

[0062] Example 5 like Figure 13-14 As shown, components that are the same as or corresponding to those in Embodiment 1 are referred to using the same reference numerals as those in Embodiment 1. For simplicity, only the differences from Embodiment 1 will be described below. The difference between Embodiment 5 and Embodiment 1 is that, as an improvement, the collision-type airflow pulverizing assembly 43 includes; Furnace body 431; Feed inlet 432; The grading chamber 433 is used to screen the crushed particles by centrifugal force. Qualified activated carbon is sent into the discharge pipe 435 with the airflow, while coarse particles fall back into the crushing chamber 436 for further crushing. The grading chamber 433 is located at the upper end of the furnace body 431. The third drive component 434, used to drive the graded screening, is located on the top of the furnace body 431; Discharge pipe 435; The pulverizing chamber 436 is used to pulverize activated carbon particles through mutual collision and friction, while simultaneously desorbing and decomposing the adsorbed dioxins. The pulverizing chamber 436 is located at the lower end of the furnace body 431. The pulverizing nozzle 437 is used to spray compressed nitrogen to form a supersonic airflow, which accelerates the activated carbon particles and causes them to collide at high speed in the central area of ​​the pulverizing chamber 436, thereby achieving the pulverizing effect. Several sets of pulverizing nozzles 437 are evenly distributed around the furnace body 431 and are located inside the furnace body 431. It should be noted that activated carbon will burn and be lost in an air atmosphere, while its structure remains intact under a nitrogen atmosphere. Furthermore, the dechlorination reaction under a nitrogen atmosphere can break the C-Cl bonds in the dioxin molecule. It can also improve decomposition efficiency. Annular air inlet pipe 438: used to connect to an external compressed air source and evenly distribute high-pressure gas to each pulverizing nozzle 437. The annular air inlet pipe 438 is located on the outside of the furnace body 431. The cone 439 is used to create turbulence in the space formed by the inner wall of the furnace body 431 and the outer wall of the cone 439 after the gas enters from the feed port 432. The cone 439 is fixedly installed in the furnace body 431, and its upper part is a straight cylindrical section and its lower part is a cone-shaped transition section with a gradually increasing diameter. It should be noted that the design of the tapered transition section with a gradually increasing diameter at the bottom of the cone 439 causes the airflow to accelerate in the narrow channel, allowing the gas to quickly contact the pulverizing nozzle 437. The pulverized gas then rises inside the cone 439 into the pulverizing chamber 436 under the action of the airflow from the pulverizing nozzle 437, thus completing the screening of the degree of pulverization of the activated carbon particles and completing a complete cycle.

[0063] Microwave fixing sleeve 4310, the microwave fixing sleeve 4310 is located on the outside of the furnace body 431, it is a hollow structure, and several sets of installation chambers 43101 are evenly distributed along its circumference; Magnetron 4311 is used to heat the interior of furnace body 431 by converting electrical energy into high-frequency microwaves. The magnetron 4311 is located in the installation chamber 43101 and several sets are provided accordingly. It should be noted that the magnetron 4311 heats the interior of the furnace body 431 by converting electrical energy into high-frequency microwaves. Furthermore, with the microwave power controlled at 1800-2100 W and the microwave treatment time controlled at 7-9 minutes, a 99.6% decomposition rate can be achieved within 7 minutes using a nitrogen inert atmosphere. It should be noted that the activated carbon that has completed the desorption and decomposition of dioxins is output to the second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe 31. It is used to increase the concentration in the early stage, reduce the flue gas flow rate, and improve the mixing and adsorption efficiency. Then, new activated carbon is injected through the activated carbon storage and injection device 33 and the adsorption effect is further improved through the turbulent structure.

[0064] Example 6 This embodiment provides a two-stage dry high-efficiency treatment method for waste incineration flue gas, implemented using the two-stage dry high-efficiency treatment system for waste incineration flue gas described in Embodiments 1 to 5, including the following steps: Step 1: When the flue gas from the incinerator passes through the primary desulfurization and deacidification system, the quicklime storage and injection device in the first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe injects quicklime, which enters the primary reaction tower together with the flue gas for mixing and reaction, thereby achieving primary desulfurization and deacidification. Furthermore, the quicklime is adhered and filtered by the primary bag filter.

[0065] Step 2: When the flue gas passes through the secondary desulfurization and deacidification system, the sodium bicarbonate storage and injection device and the activated carbon storage and injection device in the second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe respectively inject sodium bicarbonate and activated carbon into the secondary reaction tower to mix and react with the flue gas, thereby achieving secondary desulfurization and deacidification. Furthermore, the slaked lime is attached and filtered through the secondary bag filter.

[0066] Step 3: The unused activated carbon is initially ground into powder by the grinding component in the secondary bag filter. The sodium bicarbonate and activated carbon are then separated by the airflow classification component.

[0067] Step 4: The separated activated carbon enters the collision-type airflow pulverizer. The collision-type airflow pulverizer pulverizes the activated carbon particles through strong impact, shearing, friction, and microwave heating, causing the dioxins adsorbed in the pores to be stripped off along with the broken particles, thus realizing the recycling of activated carbon. It then enters the second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe for mixing, and then the activated carbon storage and injection device sprays it afterward.

[0068] Step 5: The activated carbon that has completed the desorption and decomposition of dioxins is output to the second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe. It is used to increase the concentration in the early stage, reduce the flue gas flow rate, and improve the mixing and adsorption efficiency. Then, new activated carbon is injected through the activated carbon storage and injection device and the adsorption effect is further improved through the turbulent structure.

[0069] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-stage dry high-efficiency treatment system for waste incineration flue gas, characterized in that, include: The incinerator, primary desulfurization and deacidification system, secondary desulfurization and deacidification system, and activated carbon circulation system are connected end to end; The primary desulfurization and deacidification system further includes: a first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe, which is used to extend the contact path and realize uniform mixing of flue gas and desulfurization and deacidification spray. The first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe is located between the incinerator and the primary desulfurization and deacidification system and connects the output end of the incinerator and the input end of the primary desulfurization and deacidification system. The secondary desulfurization and deacidification system also includes a grinding assembly for grinding the ash-like activated carbon, which is located on one side of the ash hopper at the bottom of the secondary bag filter; and, The impact-type airflow pulverizer is used to break and detach dioxin-adsorbed activated carbon particles in the pores through strong impact. It is located on one side of the airflow classification component, and its input end is connected to the output end of the airflow classification component. Its output end is connected to the second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe and is located in front of the sodium bicarbonate storage and injection device and the activated carbon storage and injection device.

2. The two-stage dry high-efficiency treatment system for waste incineration flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The primary desulfurization and deacidification system includes: The first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe is used to extend the contact path and achieve uniform mixing of flue gas and desulfurization and deacidification spray. The first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe is located between the incinerator and the primary desulfurization and deacidification system, and is connected to the output end of the incinerator and the input end of the primary desulfurization and deacidification system. A quicklime storage and spraying device, the output end of which is located near the output end of the first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe; First-stage reaction tower; Primary baghouse dust collector.

3. The two-stage dry high-efficiency treatment system for waste incineration flue gas according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe is provided with a three-section structure along its flue gas output direction for fully mixing the flue gas with quicklime, which includes: The rectifying section is used to break the concentrated flow pattern of the activated carbon jet and prevent it from directly rushing along the axial direction of the pipe, so that it diffuses in all directions. The conical guiding structure is set in the rectifying section. The cone tip of the conical flow guide structure faces the pipe inlet direction, and the cone bottom faces the downstream direction of the pipe. The conical flow guide structure is fixed to the inner wall of the pipe by several sets of support spokes evenly distributed along the circumference of the pipe. The center of the conical flow guide structure is coaxial with the pipe axis; The swirl section is a convex, rounded, bulging shape. The contact section is a tapered Venturi-type reducing pipe structure; The diameter of the first half of the contact section is larger than that of the rectifier section, and the diameter of the second half of the contact section is reduced to the same as that of the rectifier section. The output end of the first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe is a cut-in swirl generation interface structure, which enters along the tangential direction of the first-stage reaction tower at an angle tangential to it, so that the fluid forms a tangentially incident and spirally rising flow channel.

4. The two-stage dry high-efficiency treatment system for waste incineration flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary desulfurization and deacidification system includes: The second flue gas turbulent mixing duct is used to extend the contact path and achieve uniform mixing of flue gas and desulfurization and deacidification spray. The second flue gas turbulent mixing duct is located between the primary bag filter and the secondary desulfurization and deacidification system, and connects the output end of the primary bag filter and the input end of the secondary desulfurization and deacidification system. The output end of the baking soda storage and spraying device for spraying baking soda is located near the output end of the second flue gas turbulence mixing pipe. An activated carbon storage and injection device is used to inject activated carbon. The output end of the activated carbon storage and injection device is located near the output end of the second flue gas turbulence mixing pipe. Secondary reaction tower; Two-stage bag filter dust collector.

5. The two-stage dry high-efficiency treatment system for waste incineration flue gas according to claim 4, characterized in that, The activated carbon recycling system for classifying sodium bicarbonate and activated carbon and for breaking down and stripping the activated carbon adsorbing dioxins so as to reuse the desorbed activated carbon includes: A grinding assembly for grinding ash-like activated carbon is located on one side of the bottom ash hopper of a secondary bag filter. An airflow classifier is used to separate baking soda and activated carbon. The airflow classifier is located on one side of the secondary bag filter, and its input end is connected to the output end of the primary grinding component. The impact-type airflow pulverizer is used to break and detach dioxin-adsorbed activated carbon particles in the pores through strong impact. The impact-type airflow pulverizer is located on one side of the airflow classification component, and its input end is connected to the output end of the airflow classification component. Its output end is connected to the second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe and is located in front of the sodium bicarbonate storage and injection device and the activated carbon storage and injection device.

6. The two-stage dry high-efficiency treatment system for waste incineration flue gas according to claim 5, characterized in that, The grinding assembly includes: A rotary conveyor assembly for outputting activated carbon filtered by a secondary bag filter is provided in the bottom ash hopper of the secondary bag filter, with its input end connected to the output end of the ash hopper. The first drive assembly, used to drive the rotary conveyor group, is located outside the secondary bag filter, and its output end is connected to the input end of the rotary conveyor assembly. The housing is located on one side of the secondary bag filter. Several sets of radially distributed fan-shaped through holes are evenly opened in the central area of ​​the surface of the end of the housing away from the secondary bag filter. The overall shape is petal-shaped, and a connecting shaft is provided at the center. The grinding assembly is used to grind ash-like activated carbon into powdered activated carbon. It is located inside a housing and its input end is connected to the output end of the rotary conveying assembly. A powder conveying assembly, which is used to output the ground powdered activated carbon, is disposed in the housing.

7. The two-stage dry high-efficiency treatment system for waste incineration flue gas according to claim 6, characterized in that, The grinding assembly includes: A grinding roller, the surface of which has an ash inlet hole, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the rotary conveying assembly, and the grinding roller is slidably mounted on a connecting shaft; A drive roller is rotatably mounted on a connecting shaft and located to the left of the grinding roller. The diameter of the drive roller is smaller than that of the grinding roller. A compression spring, used to make the grinding roller and the drive roller fit tightly together, is provided on the connecting shaft, with one end fixedly connected to the grinding roller and the other end fixedly connected to the inside of the housing. The second drive assembly, used to drive the drive roller to rotate, is located above the drive roller. The second driving component includes: The bearing housing is installed on the inner side of the housing near the secondary bag filter. The drive unit is installed on the outside of the housing, away from the secondary bag filter. A rotating shaft is located above the drive roller, with one end rotatably mounted on a bearing seat and the other end connected to a drive device. A drive pulley is provided on the rotating shaft, aligned vertically with the drive roller. A transmission belt connects the drive pulley and the drive roller.

8. The two-stage dry high-efficiency treatment system for waste incineration flue gas according to claim 7, characterized in that, The powder conveying assembly for outputting the ground powdered activated carbon is housed within a housing and includes: The guide cover, used to guide the finished activated carbon to the outside of the box, is a hollow cone. One end of the cone bottom is connected to the outer ring of the petal-shaped profile, and the other end is located below the grinding roller. An air guide plate, used to blow the ground activated carbon out of the box along the guide cover, is located below the first drive assembly and is set close to the right side of the guide cover; The air guide plate includes an air distribution zone, an air supply zone, and an air supply duct. Both the air distribution zone and the air supply zone are hollow structures. Several air distribution holes are evenly distributed at the connection between the air distribution zone and the air supply zone. One end of the air supply duct is connected to the air supply zone, and the other end extends to the outside of the secondary bag filter.

9. A two-stage dry high-efficiency treatment system for waste incineration flue gas according to claim 6, characterized in that, The collision-type airflow pulverizing component includes; Furnace body; Feed inlet; The grading chamber is used to screen the crushed particles by centrifugal force. Qualified activated carbon is sent into the discharge pipe with the airflow, while coarse particles fall back into the crushing chamber for further crushing. The grading chamber is located at the top of the furnace body. The third drive component, used to drive the graded screening, is located at the top of the furnace body; Discharge pipe; The pulverizing chamber is used to pulverize activated carbon particles through mutual collision and friction, while simultaneously desorbing and decomposing adsorbed dioxins. The pulverizing chamber is located at the lower end of the furnace body. The pulverizing nozzle is used to spray compressed nitrogen to form a supersonic airflow, which accelerates the activated carbon particles and causes them to collide at high speed in the central area of ​​the pulverizing chamber, thereby achieving the pulverizing effect. Several sets of pulverizing nozzles are evenly distributed along the circumference of the furnace body and are located inside the furnace body. Annular air inlet pipe: The annular air inlet pipe is located on the outside of the furnace body and is used to connect to an external compressed air source to distribute high-pressure gas evenly to each pulverizing nozzle. A cone barrel is used to create turbulence in the space formed by the inner wall of the furnace and the outer wall of the cone barrel after the gas enters from the feed port. The cone barrel is fixedly installed in the furnace body, with a straight cylindrical section at the top and a cone-shaped transition section with a gradually increasing diameter at the bottom. A microwave fixing sleeve is located on the outside of the furnace body. It has a hollow structure and several sets of installation chambers are evenly distributed along its circumference. A magnetron, used to heat the interior of the furnace body by converting electrical energy into high-frequency microwaves, is located in the mounting chamber and is provided in several groups.

10. A two-stage dry high-efficiency treatment method for waste incineration flue gas, characterized in that, The two-stage dry high-efficiency treatment system for waste incineration flue gas, as described in any one of claims 1-9, includes the following steps: Step 1: When the flue gas from the incinerator passes through the primary desulfurization and deacidification system, the quicklime storage and injection device in the first flue gas turbulent mixing pipe injects quicklime, which enters the primary reaction tower together with the flue gas for mixing and reaction, thereby achieving primary desulfurization and deacidification. Furthermore, the quicklime is adhered and filtered by the primary bag filter. Step 2: When the flue gas passes through the secondary desulfurization and deacidification system, the sodium bicarbonate storage and injection device and the activated carbon storage and injection device in the second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe respectively inject sodium bicarbonate and activated carbon into the secondary reaction tower to mix and react with the flue gas, thereby achieving secondary desulfurization and deacidification. Furthermore, the slaked lime is attached and filtered through the secondary bag filter. Step 3: The unused activated carbon is initially ground into powder by the grinding component in the secondary bag filter. The sodium bicarbonate and activated carbon are then separated by the airflow classification component. Step 4: The separated activated carbon enters the collision-type airflow pulverizer. The collision-type airflow pulverizer pulverizes the activated carbon particles through strong impact, shearing, friction, and microwave heating, causing the dioxins adsorbed in the pores to be stripped off along with the broken particles, thus realizing the recycling of activated carbon. It then enters the second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe for mixing, and then the activated carbon storage and injection device sprays it afterward. Step 5: The activated carbon that has completed the desorption and decomposition of dioxins is output to the second flue gas turbulent mixing pipe. It is used to increase the concentration in the early stage, reduce the flue gas flow rate, and improve the mixing and adsorption efficiency. Then, new activated carbon is injected through the activated carbon storage and injection device and the adsorption effect is further improved through the turbulent structure.

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