Silicon-based protective coating based on room temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology

Abstract

This invention provides a silicon-based protective coating based on room-temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology. The technical solution uses inorganic polysilazane as the core to construct a ceramicized layer with a loose inorganic network. The polysilazane forms an inorganic network mainly composed of Si–O–Si and Si3N4 within the system, significantly reducing thermal conductivity. Based on this, nano-hollow ceramic microspheres are added to form numerous static air cavities within the coating to block heat conduction paths. Simultaneously, titanium dioxide and aluminum powder form an intercalation structure with the network-like ceramicized polysilazane, achieving specular reflection and suppressing radiative heat transfer. These three thermal insulation mechanisms work together to form a triple synergistic thermal insulation effect. Furthermore, this invention uses nano-alumina as a filler to form a filling structure within the network-like ceramicized layer formed by the polysilazane, and it interpenetrates with nickel acetylacetonate. This infiltration and cross-linking structure lowers the curing temperature and forms a dense coating on the substrate, improving the overall physical properties of the coating.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of functional coating technology, specifically to a silicon-based protective coating based on room-temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology. Background Technology

[0002] Silicon-based protective coatings are a class of functional protective materials that use organosilicon compounds as the main film-forming substances. Through curing, they form a protective film layer with properties such as high temperature resistance, weather resistance, corrosion resistance, hydrophobicity, and insulation. The main film-forming materials of silicon-based protective coatings include organosilane monomers, oligomers, or polymers. The curing process typically involves the hydrolysis and condensation of alkoxy groups, forming a dense three-dimensional network structure with Si-O-Si as the main chain. This structure possesses high chemical and thermal stability, which is the basis for many of the coating's excellent properties. The high bond energy of Si-O-Si provides exceptional resistance to ultraviolet radiation, ozone, and temperature variations, ensuring long-term coating integrity and appearance. The coating operates stably within a wide temperature range of -60℃ to 200℃, and special formulations can withstand instantaneous high temperatures up to 800℃, making it suitable for extreme temperature environments. Furthermore, silicon-based protective coatings exhibit excellent resistance to acids, alkalis, salts, and various solvents, effectively protecting the substrate material from chemical corrosion. In addition, the cured coating forms a dense, pinhole-free film with extremely high volume resistivity and dielectric strength, effectively blocking water vapor penetration. Moreover, the inherent low surface energy of silicone gives the coating excellent hydrophobic properties, making it widely applicable in high-temperature equipment protection, building and infrastructure corrosion protection, and aerospace thermal protection.

[0003] Silicon-based protective coatings are mainly classified into pure silicon, organically modified silicon, and water-based systems. Pure silicon coatings include silicone resins and high-purity alkylsilanes. Silicone resins have a high solids content, while alkylsilanes are mostly penetrating liquids, primarily used for durable protection of substrates such as concrete and stone. Organically modified silicon coatings combine organosilicon with resins such as epoxy, acrylic, and polyurethane through chemical methods to form a more balanced composite system. For example, epoxy-silicone coatings enhance corrosion resistance and adhesion; acrylic-silicone coatings improve weather resistance; and polyurethane-silicone coatings combine high weather resistance, high abrasion resistance, and low VOCs. Water-based systems include silicone emulsions, modified silicone emulsions, and silane pastes, using water as the dispersion medium. They are safe and convenient to apply and suitable for general industrial corrosion protection, architectural coatings, and furniture paints. In existing technologies, although silicon-based protective coatings have many advantages in performance, their curing temperature is generally high and the curing speed at room temperature is slow; moreover, they only rely on the low thermal conductivity of the material itself to block heat conduction, so there is still room for improvement in thermal insulation performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to address the technical deficiencies of existing technologies by providing a silicon-based protective coating based on room-temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology. This addresses the technical problems of limited curing performance of conventional silicon-based protective coatings at room temperature and the need to improve their thermal insulation effect.

[0005] To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The silicon-based protective coating based on room-temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 18-30 parts ethyl acetate, 1-3 parts hollow ceramic microspheres, 0.5-1.5 parts dispersant, 0.01-1.0 parts wetting agent, 0.01-1.0 parts defoamer, 8-10 parts titanium dioxide, 4-6 parts heavy calcium carbonate, 3-8 parts aluminum powder, 5-10 parts silicone acrylic emulsion, 20-30 parts inorganic polysilazane, 0.5-1.2 parts nickel acetylacetone, 3-6 parts nano alumina, 0.01-5 parts stabilizer, and 0.01-5 parts hydrophobic agent.

[0006] Preferably, the dispersant is selected from one or more of the following components: sodium polyacrylate, inorganic phosphate, and nonionic dispersant.

[0007] Preferably, the wetting agent is selected from one or more of the following components: anionic wetting agents and nonionic wetting agents.

[0008] Preferably, the hollow ceramic microspheres have a particle size of 20~400nm.

[0009] Preferably, the defoamer is selected from one or more of the following components: mineral oil defoamers, organosilicon defoamers, and non-silicone defoamers.

[0010] Preferably, the stabilizer is an anionic quaternary ammonium salt type stabilizer.

[0011] Preferably, the nickel acetylacetonate is replaced by one or more of the following components: cobalt acetylacetonate, iron tricarbonyl, and iron tripyridyl.

[0012] Preferably, the stabilizer is an anionic quaternary ammonium salt stabilizer; the hydrophobic agent is an organosilicon hydrophobic agent.

[0013] Preferably, the silicone-based protective coating is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 22.5 parts ethyl acetate, 1.8 parts hollow ceramic microspheres, 1.2 parts sodium polyacrylate, 0.4 parts anionic wetting agent, 0.7 parts mineral oil defoamer, 9 parts titanium dioxide, 4.7 parts heavy calcium carbonate, 6.9 parts aluminum powder, 5.5 parts silicone-acrylic emulsion, 27 parts inorganic polysilazane, 0.6 parts nickel acetylacetone, 5 parts nano alumina, 0.28 parts anionic quaternary ammonium salt stabilizer, and 0.3 parts organosilicon hydrophobic agent.

[0014] Preferably, the silicon-based protective coating is prepared by the following method: Hollow ceramic microspheres are added to ethyl acetate in a stirred state, and after stirring until homogeneous, a dispersant, wetting agent, and defoamer are added sequentially in a stirred state, and the mixture is stirred and dispersed uniformly to obtain a first mixture; titanium dioxide, heavy calcium carbonate, aluminum powder, and silicone-acrylic emulsion are added sequentially to the first mixture in a stirred state, and the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly to obtain a second mixture; inorganic polysilazane, nickel acetylacetonate, nano-alumina, stabilizer, and hydrophobic agent are added sequentially to the second mixture to obtain a silicon-based protective coating material; the silicon-based protective coating material is coated onto the substrate surface and cured at room temperature to obtain a silicon-based protective coating.

[0015] This invention provides a silicon-based protective coating based on room-temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology. The technical solution uses inorganic polysilazane as the core to construct a ceramicized layer with a loose inorganic network. The polysilazane undergoes a ceramic transformation within the system, forming an inorganic network primarily composed of Si–O–Si and Si3N4, with a thermal conductivity as low as 0.015–0.028 W / m·K. Based on this, nano-hollow ceramic microspheres are added, forming numerous static air cavities within the coating to block heat conduction paths. Simultaneously, titanium dioxide, aluminum powder, and the network-like ceramicized polysilazane form an intercalation structure, achieving a specular reflection effect that reflects 80%–90% of infrared radiation back, suppressing radiative heat transfer and significantly reducing heat absorption. These three thermal insulation mechanisms work together to form a triple synergistic thermal insulation effect.

[0016] Meanwhile, this invention uses nano-alumina as a filler to form a filling structure within the network ceramicized layer formed by polysilazane, and interpenetrates with nickel acetylacetonate. This infiltration and cross-linking structure lowers the curing temperature of the coating material, allowing it to cure at room temperature to form a silica adhesion layer. This adhesion layer has a high silicon and oxygen content while reducing carbon and nitrogen content, and after curing, it no longer contains hydrogen, achieving a high conversion rate. Based on this curing system, this invention not only achieves relatively rapid curing at room temperature, but also results in a more compact coating substrate with better adhesion and mechanical properties. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the cross-section of the coating of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. To avoid excessive and unnecessary detail, well-known structures or functions will not be described in detail in the following embodiments. The approximate language used in the following embodiments is for quantitative purposes, indicating that a certain degree of variation in quantity is permissible without changing the basic function. Unless otherwise defined, the technical and scientific terms used in the following embodiments have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. Example

[0019] A silicon-based protective coating based on room-temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 18-30 parts ethyl acetate, 1-3 parts hollow ceramic microspheres, 0.5-1.5 parts dispersant, 0.01-1.0 parts wetting agent, 0.01-1.0 parts defoamer, 8-10 parts titanium dioxide, 4-6 parts heavy calcium carbonate, 3-8 parts aluminum powder, 5-10 parts silicone-acrylic emulsion, 20-30 parts inorganic polysilazane, 0.5-1.2 parts nickel acetylacetone, 3-6 parts nano-alumina, 0.01-5 parts stabilizer, and 0.01-5 parts hydrophobic agent. The dispersant is sodium polyacrylate. The wetting agent is anionic. The hollow ceramic microspheres have a particle size of 20-400 nm. The defoamer is a mineral oil-based defoamer. The stabilizer is anionic quaternary ammonium salt stabilizer. The stabilizer is an anionic quaternary ammonium salt type stabilizer. The hydrophobic agent is an organosilicon hydrophobic agent.

[0020] The silicon-based protective coating is prepared by the following method: Hollow ceramic microspheres are added to ethyl acetate in a stirred state, and after stirring until homogeneous, a dispersant, wetting agent, and defoamer are added sequentially in a stirred state, and the mixture is stirred and dispersed uniformly to obtain a first mixture; titanium dioxide, heavy calcium carbonate, aluminum powder, and silicone-acrylic emulsion are added sequentially to the first mixture in a stirred state, and the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly to obtain a second mixture; inorganic polysilazane, nickel acetylacetonate, nano-alumina, stabilizer, and hydrophobic agent are added sequentially to the second mixture to obtain a silicon-based protective coating material; the silicon-based protective coating material is coated onto the substrate surface and cured at room temperature to obtain the silicon-based protective coating. Example

[0021] A silicon-based protective coating based on room-temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 18-30 parts ethyl acetate, 1-3 parts hollow ceramic microspheres, 0.5-1.5 parts dispersant, 0.01-1.0 parts wetting agent, 0.01-1.0 parts defoamer, 8-10 parts titanium dioxide, 4-6 parts heavy calcium carbonate, 3-8 parts aluminum powder, 5-10 parts silicone-acrylic emulsion, 20-30 parts inorganic polysilazane, 0.5-1.2 parts nickel acetylacetone, 3-6 parts nano-alumina, 0.01-5 parts stabilizer, and 0.01-5 parts hydrophobic agent. The dispersant is an inorganic phosphate. The wetting agent is a nonionic wetting agent. The particle size of the hollow ceramic microspheres is 80-200 nm. The defoamer is an organosilicon defoamer. The stabilizer is an anionic quaternary ammonium salt stabilizer. The stabilizer is an anionic quaternary ammonium salt type stabilizer. The hydrophobic agent is an organosilicon hydrophobic agent. Its preparation method is the same as in Example 1. Example

[0022] A silicon-based protective coating based on room-temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 18-30 parts ethyl acetate, 1-3 parts hollow ceramic microspheres, 0.5-1.5 parts dispersant, 0.01-1.0 parts wetting agent, 0.01-1.0 parts defoamer, 8-10 parts titanium dioxide, 4-6 parts heavy calcium carbonate, 3-8 parts aluminum powder, 5-10 parts silicone-acrylic emulsion, 20-30 parts inorganic polysilazane, 0.5-1.2 parts nickel acetylacetone, 3-6 parts nano-alumina, 0.01-5 parts stabilizer, and 0.01-5 parts hydrophobic agent. The dispersant is a nonionic dispersant. The wetting agent is an anionic wetting agent. The defoamer is a non-silicone defoamer. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1. Example

[0023] A silicon-based protective coating based on room-temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 18-30 parts ethyl acetate, 1-3 parts hollow ceramic microspheres, 0.5-1.5 parts dispersant, 0.01-1.0 parts wetting agent, 0.01-1.0 parts defoamer, 8-10 parts titanium dioxide, 4-6 parts heavy calcium carbonate, 3-8 parts aluminum powder, 5-10 parts silicone-acrylic emulsion, 20-30 parts inorganic polysilazane, 0.5-1.2 parts iron tricarbonyl, 3-6 parts nano-alumina, 0.01-5 parts stabilizer, and 0.01-5 parts hydrophobic agent. The hollow ceramic microspheres have a particle size of 120-300 nm. The stabilizer is an anionic quaternary ammonium salt type stabilizer. The hydrophobic agent is an organosilicon hydrophobic agent. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1. Example

[0024] A silicone-based protective coating based on room-temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 18-30 parts ethyl acetate, 1-3 parts hollow ceramic microspheres, 0.5-1.5 parts dispersant, 0.01-1.0 parts wetting agent, 0.01-1.0 parts defoamer, 8-10 parts titanium dioxide, 4-6 parts heavy calcium carbonate, 3-8 parts aluminum powder, 5-10 parts silicone-acrylic emulsion, 20-30 parts inorganic polysilazane, 0.5-1.2 parts tripyridyl iron, 3-6 parts nano-alumina, 0.01-5 parts stabilizer, and 0.01-5 parts hydrophobic agent. The dispersant is an inorganic phosphate. The wetting agent is an anionic wetting agent. The defoamer is a non-silicone defoamer. The stabilizer is an anionic quaternary ammonium salt stabilizer. The hydrophobic agent is an organosilicon hydrophobic agent. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1. Example

[0025] A silicon-based protective coating based on room-temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 22.5 parts ethyl acetate, 1.8 parts hollow ceramic microspheres, 1.2 parts sodium polyacrylate, 0.4 parts anionic wetting agent, 0.7 parts mineral oil defoamer, 9 parts titanium dioxide, 4.7 parts heavy calcium carbonate, 6.9 parts aluminum powder, 5.5 parts silicone-acrylic emulsion, 27 parts inorganic polysilazane, 0.6 parts nickel acetylacetone, 5 parts nano-alumina, 0.28 parts anionic quaternary ammonium salt stabilizer, and 0.3 parts organosilicon hydrophobic agent. The hollow ceramic microspheres have a particle size of 150~250nm.

[0026] The silicon-based protective coating is prepared by the following method: Hollow ceramic microspheres are added to ethyl acetate in a stirred state, and after stirring until homogeneous, sodium polyacrylate, anionic wetting agent, and mineral oil defoamer are added sequentially in a stirred state, and the mixture is stirred and dispersed uniformly to obtain a first mixture; titanium dioxide, heavy calcium carbonate, aluminum powder, and silicone-acrylic emulsion are added sequentially to the first mixture in a stirred state, and the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly to obtain a second mixture; inorganic polysilazane, nickel acetylacetonate, nano-alumina, anionic quaternary ammonium salt stabilizer, and organosilicon hydrophobic agent are added sequentially to the second mixture to obtain a silicon-based protective coating material; the silicon-based protective coating material is coated onto the substrate surface and cured at room temperature to obtain the silicon-based protective coating.

[0027] A silicon-based heat-insulating and protective coating is prepared by the following method: (1) Add 100g of double-ended methyl vinyl silicone oil (vinyl content 0.10%), 10g of end-sided methyl vinyl silicone oil (vinyl content 2.31%), 3.0g of hydrogen-containing silicone oil (hydrogen content 0.52%), 0.5g of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, 20g of fumed silica, and 1.0g of nano carbon black to the barrel. Mix the components evenly with a wooden spatula until there are no obvious agglomerates. Grind the mixture four times on a three-roll mill to obtain the grinding material.

[0028] (2) Add 2.0g of iron oxide, 15g of low melting point glass powder, 15g of muscovite and 15g of glass fiber to the grinding material. Use a wooden spatula to mix the components evenly until there is no obvious particle agglomeration. Grind the mixture 4 times on a three-roll mill to obtain the mixture.

[0029] (3) Add 70g of hollow glass microspheres and 40g of butyl acetate to the mixture, and mix for 30min using a pneumatic mixer at a mixing rate of 150r / min to obtain coating component A. Component B uses commercially available caster catalyst.

[0030] (4) Dilute the viscosity of component A of the coating to 20-30s using 120 solvent oil. Add component B at a ratio of A:B = 100:1.5, mix thoroughly, and then spray it onto the substrate surface using an air spray gun. The air pressure during spraying is (0.4-0.6) MPa, the nozzle diameter is 3.0 mm, the distance between the nozzle and the substrate is 150-300 mm, the thickness of each coat is 0.2-0.4 mm, and the interval between each coat is 20 min. Repeat spraying until the specified thickness is achieved.

[0031] A silicon-based heat-insulating and protective coating is prepared by the following method: Component A: 100 parts by weight of vinyl polysiloxane (vinyl content 1.0%) with a viscosity of 1000 mPa·s, 20 parts by weight of silicone resin, 7 parts by weight of hydrogen-containing silicone oil (hydrogen content 0.8%), 20 parts by weight of expanded graphite (particle size 100 μm), 30 parts by weight of muscovite (particle size 15 μm), 50 parts by weight of phlogopite (particle size 5 μm), and 0.2 parts by weight of the reaction inhibitor 3-phenyl-1-butyn-3-ol were added to a high-speed planetary mixer. The mixture was stirred at 40°C for 2 hours under a vacuum of -0.08 MPa. After uniform dispersion, the mixture was discharged to obtain Component A.

[0032] Component B: First, add 4 parts by weight of tetraisopropyl titanate, 30 parts by weight of vinyltriethoxysilane and 3 parts by weight of γ-glycidyl etheroxypropyltriethoxysilane into a three-necked round-bottom flask, heat and control the temperature between 80 and 90°C, stir for 3 hours, and then remove low-boiling substances by vacuum distillation for 2 hours to obtain the adhesion promoter. Then, 100 parts by weight of vinyl polysiloxane (vinyl content 1.2%) with a viscosity of 800 mPa·s, 25 parts by weight of silicone resin, 20 parts by weight of expanded graphite (particle size 100 μm), 35 parts by weight of muscovite (particle size 15 μm), 45 parts by weight of phlogopite (particle size 5 μm), 0.5 parts by weight of the adhesion promoter obtained in the above steps, and 0.5 parts by weight of the platinum complex of 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane catalyst were added to a high-speed planetary mixer. The mixture was stirred at 40°C for 2 hours under a vacuum of -0.08 MPa. After uniform dispersion, the mixture was discharged to obtain component B. The obtained components A and B were then uniformly mixed at a weight ratio of 1:1 at room temperature (25°C) to obtain a silicon-based heat-insulating and protective coating material. The coating material was then applied to the surface of the substrate to form a coating.

[0033] Verify the ultra-high temperature insulation, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, bond strength, and room temperature curing performance of each embodiment and comparative example.

[0034] Experimental materials and equipment: Matrix material: Q235 steel specimen (50×50×2mm); high temperature furnace (maximum 1200℃); friction and wear testing machine (Taber CS-10 wheel, load 1kg); salt spray test chamber (simulating SO2 / H2O corrosion environment); infrared thermal imager (to measure thermal conductivity).

[0035] Performance testing: Abrasion resistance test (ASTM D4060): Method: Taber abrasion test (1000 cycles, 1 kg load), indicators: mass loss (mg), surface morphology (SEM observation). Thermal insulation test (ISO 22007-2): Method: Salt spray test (simulated flue gas: SO2 0.3% + H2O 100%, 1000h, indicators: corrosion rate (mm / a), surface blistering / peeling area; Bond strength test (ASTM C1624): Method: Scratch test for critical load, index: bond strength (MPa).

[0036] Room temperature curing rate test: The time taken from coating film formation to complete curing under the conditions of 20℃, 50% relative humidity, one atmosphere, and zero wind speed.

[0037] The experimental results are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1 Performance Test Results Abrasion resistance (mass loss) Thermal conductivity (650℃) Corrosion rate Bond strength Curing time at room temperature Example 1 14.3mg / 1000 doses 0.10 W / (m·K) 0.03mm / a 57MPa 2.3h Example 2 13.9mg / 1000 doses 0.10 W / (m·K) 0.07mm / a 52MPa 2.7h Example 3 14.2mg / 1000 doses 0.12 W / (m·K) 0.06mm / a 48MPa 2.2h Example 4 14.0mg / 1000 times 0.11 W / (m·K) 0.04mm / a 52MPa 2.9h Example 5 13.8mg / 1000 doses 0.09 W / (m·K) 0.03mm / a 62MPa 2.5h Example 6 14.1mg / 1000 doses 0.06 W / (m·K) 0.05mm / a 55MPa 2.8h Comparative Example 1 55.7mg / 1000 doses 0.22 W / (m·K) 0.20mm / a 39MPa 15.7h Comparative Example 2 62.4mg / 1000 doses 0.18 W / (m·K) 0.24mm / a 24MPa 18.2h The experimental results above show that the silicon-based protective coating of this invention significantly improves the bonding strength and wear resistance between the coating and the substrate, and exhibits superior mechanical properties. Simultaneously, thanks to the formed silicon-based ceramicized layer, this invention reduces the corrosion rate to a certain extent, demonstrating better corrosion resistance. Furthermore, this invention significantly improves thermal insulation performance, with a minimum thermal conductivity of 0.06 W / (m·K). More notably, the curing rate of this invention at room temperature is much faster than the comparative example, completing curing in just 2-3 hours.

[0038] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the content described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A silicon-based protective coating based on room-temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology, characterized in that, It is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 18-30 parts ethyl acetate, 1-3 parts hollow ceramic microspheres, 0.5-1.5 parts dispersant, 0.01-1.0 parts wetting agent, 0.01-1.0 parts defoamer, 8-10 parts titanium dioxide, 4-6 parts heavy calcium carbonate, 3-8 parts aluminum powder, 5-10 parts silicone acrylic emulsion, 20-30 parts inorganic polysilazane, 0.5-1.2 parts nickel acetylacetone, 3-6 parts nano alumina, 0.01-5 parts stabilizer, and 0.01-5 parts hydrophobic agent.

2. The silicon-based protective coating based on room-temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dispersant is selected from one or more of the following components: sodium polyacrylate, inorganic phosphate, and nonionic dispersant.

3. The silicon-based protective coating based on room-temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wetting agent is selected from one or more of the following components: anionic wetting agent, nonionic wetting agent.

4. The silicon-based protective coating based on room-temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hollow ceramic microspheres have a particle size of 20~400nm.

5. The silicon-based protective coating based on room-temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The defoamer is selected from one or more of the following components: mineral oil defoamers, organosilicon defoamers, and non-silicone defoamers.

6. The silicon-based protective coating based on room-temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stabilizer is an anionic quaternary ammonium salt type stabilizer.

7. The silicon-based protective coating based on room-temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nickel acetylacetonate may be replaced by one or more of the following components: cobalt acetylacetonate, iron tricarbonyl, and iron tripyridyl.

8. The silicon-based protective coating based on room-temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stabilizer is an anionic quaternary ammonium salt type stabilizer; the hydrophobic agent is an organosilicon hydrophobic agent.

9. The silicon-based protective coating based on room-temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The silicone-based protective coating is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 22.5 parts ethyl acetate, 1.8 parts hollow ceramic microspheres, 1.2 parts sodium polyacrylate, 0.4 parts anionic wetting agent, 0.7 parts mineral oil defoamer, 9 parts titanium dioxide, 4.7 parts heavy calcium carbonate, 6.9 parts aluminum powder, 5.5 parts silicone-acrylic emulsion, 27 parts inorganic polysilazane, 0.6 parts nickel acetylacetone, 5 parts nano alumina, 0.28 parts anionic quaternary ammonium salt stabilizer, and 0.3 parts organosilicon hydrophobic agent.

10. The silicon-based protective coating based on room-temperature curing inorganic polymerization and synergistic thermal insulation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The silicon-based protective coating is prepared by the following method: Hollow ceramic microspheres are added to ethyl acetate in a stirred state, and after stirring until homogeneous, a dispersant, wetting agent, and defoamer are added sequentially in a stirred state, and the mixture is stirred and dispersed uniformly to obtain a first mixture; titanium dioxide, heavy calcium carbonate, aluminum powder, and silicone-acrylic emulsion are added sequentially to the first mixture in a stirred state, and the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly to obtain a second mixture; inorganic polysilazane, nickel acetylacetonate, nano-alumina, stabilizer, and hydrophobic agent are added sequentially to the second mixture to obtain a silicon-based protective coating material; the silicon-based protective coating material is coated onto the substrate surface and cured at room temperature to obtain the silicon-based protective coating.

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