An adaptive water supply system for corn greenhouse planting

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of agricultural engineering, and discloses a self-adaptive water supply system for corn greenhouse planting, which comprises an environment monitoring module for monitoring air temperature, air humidity, light intensity and concentration in the greenhouse; a growth monitoring module for monitoring corn leaf surface temperature and plant height; a soil monitoring module for monitoring soil temperature, soil moisture content and soil water potential; a root system analysis module for monitoring corn root system distribution depth and root system vigor index; and a control module connected with the environment monitoring module, the crop growth monitoring module, the soil monitoring module and the root system analysis module, for calculating irrigation water requirement according to the corn growth stage, soil moisture condition and root system distribution depth. The present application monitors corn root system distribution depth in real time through the root system analysis module, and introduces a root depth correction coefficient when calculating irrigation water requirement, so as to match water supply with the actual distribution area of root system, thereby improving water use efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering technology, specifically to an adaptive water supply system for corn greenhouse cultivation. Background Technology

[0002] In greenhouse corn cultivation, water management directly impacts crop growth and yield. With the development of precision agriculture technology, automated irrigation systems are increasingly being applied to facility agriculture; however, achieving precise water supply based on the actual physiological needs of crops remains a technical challenge for the industry.

[0003] Currently, automated irrigation systems used in greenhouse cultivation mainly consist of soil moisture sensors, environmental monitoring devices, and actuators. These systems control the start and stop of irrigation equipment based on preset soil moisture thresholds, and some systems combine meteorological data to predict crop water requirements. Regarding environmental control, existing systems typically have independent ventilation, supplemental lighting, and shading devices, each controlled by a single environmental parameter. Existing technologies have significant shortcomings in practical applications. Traditional irrigation systems rely solely on surface soil moisture data, ignoring the changing distribution of crop roots at different growth stages, leading to water shortages in deep roots or excessive evaporation of surface moisture. Equipment protection mechanisms often rely on time delays or simple overcurrent protection, failing to accurately identify progressive faults such as mechanical jamming, easily causing serious consequences such as motor burnout. Environmental control devices lack collaborative working logic; for example, shading nets may not be retracted promptly in windy weather, or wet curtain systems require regular manual maintenance, increasing system operational risks and management costs. These problems limit the practical effectiveness of automated systems in corn greenhouse cultivation, necessitating a technological solution that comprehensively considers crop physiological characteristics, equipment safety, and coordinated environmental control. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an adaptive water supply system for corn greenhouse cultivation, which solves the problem that existing greenhouse irrigation systems cannot dynamically adjust the water supply strategy according to the actual distribution depth of corn roots at different growth stages, resulting in low water use efficiency and limited crop growth.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an adaptive water supply system for corn greenhouse cultivation, comprising: The environmental monitoring module is used to monitor the air temperature, humidity, light intensity, and other parameters inside the greenhouse. concentration; The growth monitoring module is used to monitor corn leaf temperature and plant height; The soil monitoring module is used to monitor soil temperature, soil moisture content, and soil water potential. The root analysis module is used to monitor the root distribution depth and root vigor index of maize. The control module is connected to the environmental monitoring module, crop growth monitoring module, soil monitoring module and root analysis module, and is used to calculate irrigation water demand based on the corn growth stage, soil moisture status and root distribution depth. An execution module, connected to the control module, includes an irrigation execution unit for performing irrigation operations according to the irrigation water demand. The control module determines a depth correction coefficient based on the root distribution depth to adjust the irrigation water demand calculation.

[0006] Preferably, the root analysis module includes a transparent observation tube, a linear scanning camera, and a root image processing unit; The transparent observation tube is vertically buried within a 20-centimeter radius around the main stem of the corn plant, at a depth of 100 centimeters. The linear scanning camera moves vertically along the inner wall of the transparent observation tube to acquire root system images; The root image processing unit divides the root image into depth layers at 10-centimeter intervals, calculates the root length density of each depth layer, and determines the root distribution depth when the root length density of two consecutive depth layers is less than 0.1 cm / cm³.

[0007] Preferably, the formula for calculating the irrigation water demand is:

[0008] In the formula, This refers to the amount of water required for irrigation, expressed in liters. For crop coefficients; For reference crop evapotranspiration, the unit is millimeters per day; The area of ​​a single irrigation zone is expressed in square meters. This represents the average volumetric water content of the current 0 to 30 cm soil layer. This refers to the field water holding capacity of this soil layer; Root depth correction factor.

[0009] Preferably, the execution module further includes a ventilation execution unit, which includes a negative pressure fan and a wet curtain system; the wet curtain system is equipped with a water level sensor and a conductivity sensor, and automatically replenishes fresh water when the water level is below 10 cm or the conductivity exceeds 2000 microSiemens / cm.

[0010] Preferably, the irrigation execution unit includes a variable frequency water pump, a pressure sensor, a flow meter, and a zone solenoid valve; the speed of the variable frequency water pump is controlled by a pressure closed loop, each solenoid valve corresponds to one irrigation zone, and the switching frequency of the solenoid valve is limited to no more than 10 times per hour.

[0011] Preferably, the formula for calculating the rotational speed of the variable frequency water pump is:

[0012] In the formula, The current set speed, in revolutions per minute; The rated speed of the water pump is 1450 rpm; The pressure in the pipeline is set in megapascals (MPa). The rated pressure is 0.4 MPa; the set pipeline pressure is dynamically adjusted according to the number of zones being irrigated simultaneously.

[0013] Preferably, the execution module further includes a supplemental lighting execution unit, which adopts a full-spectrum LED plant growth lamp; the daily supplemental lighting duration is determined based on the cumulative insufficient amount of natural light, and the supplemental lighting device is not activated when the supplemental lighting duration is less than 0.5 hours.

[0014] Preferably, the execution module further includes a shading execution unit, which includes a shading net, a roll-up motor, and a wind speed sensor; when the detection values ​​of both wind speed sensors exceed 10 m / s for 10 seconds, the shading net automatically retracts to the fully closed position.

[0015] Preferably, the control module adopts a hierarchical control architecture, including a bottom real-time control layer, a middle device control layer, and a high-level strategy control layer, with each layer executing its corresponding function using different control cycles.

[0016] Preferably, the system is equipped with a fault detection function to monitor the current of irrigation pumps, ventilation fans and shading motors; when the operating current exceeds 150% of the corresponding rated value for 3 seconds, it is determined to be a mechanical jamming fault and the power supply is cut off; all actuators are equipped with manual operation devices, and the manual and automatic modes are switched through mechanical interlock switches.

[0017] This invention provides an adaptive water supply system for corn greenhouse cultivation. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention monitors the root distribution depth of maize in real time through a root analysis module and introduces a root depth correction coefficient when calculating irrigation water demand, so that the water supply matches the actual root distribution area. This root depth-based adaptive irrigation control avoids the water waste or root water shortage problems caused by traditional fixed-depth irrigation, and improves water use efficiency.

[0018] 2. This invention uses a current monitoring method within the execution module for fault detection. When the operating current of the water pump, fan, or sunshade motor exceeds 150% of its rated value for 3 seconds, the power supply is automatically cut off. Simultaneously, a manual operation device with mechanical interlock is included. This dual protection mechanism ensures the safety of the equipment in fault conditions, preventing equipment damage and production interruptions caused by mechanical jamming.

[0019] 3. This invention dynamically adjusts the working status of ventilation, supplemental lighting, and shading units based on environmental monitoring data through a control module. When the wind speed sensor detects that the wind speed exceeds a safe threshold, the shading net is automatically retracted, and the wet curtain system automatically replenishes fresh water based on water level and conductivity. This synergistic regulation of multiple environmental factors enables precise management of the greenhouse microenvironment, reducing the need for manual intervention. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the overall architecture of the adaptive water supply system for corn greenhouses according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a hardware connection structure diagram of the root system analysis module of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a simulation verification diagram of the current monitoring fault detection algorithm of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a time-domain response curve of the synergistic regulation effect of environmental parameters in this invention.

[0021] Among them, 101 is the environmental monitoring module; 102 is the growth monitoring module; 103 is the soil monitoring module; 104 is the root system analysis module; 105 is the control module; and 106 is the execution module. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0023] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0024] Example:

[0025] See attached document Figure 1 , Figure 1This is an overall architecture diagram of an adaptive water supply system for a corn greenhouse according to an embodiment of the present invention. The adaptive water supply system for a corn greenhouse provided by the present invention may include: an environmental monitoring module 101, a growth monitoring module 102, a soil monitoring module 103, a root analysis module 104, a control module 105, and an execution module 106.

[0026] The environmental monitoring module 101 is used to collect greenhouse environmental parameters. The growth monitoring module 102 includes an infrared thermal imager and a stem flow sensor. The soil monitoring module 103 uses a 4x4 grid arrangement, with 5 layers of soil moisture sensors vertically arranged in each grid cell. The root analysis module 104 is connected to the soil monitoring module 103 and is used to identify the spatial distribution characteristics of the root system. The control module 105 is connected to the environmental monitoring module 101, the growth monitoring module 102, and the root analysis module 104 respectively, and is used to generate irrigation control commands. The execution module 106 is connected to the control module 105 and includes 16 solenoid valves and a variable frequency water pump system.

[0027] The environmental monitoring module 101, growth monitoring module 102, and soil monitoring module 103 communicate with the control module 105 via an RS485 bus. The control module 105 outputs control signals to the execution module 106 via relays. The root analysis module 104 reuses the sensor data from the soil monitoring module 103. The control module 105 is implemented using an industrial-grade programmable logic controller.

[0028] During system operation, the environmental monitoring module 101, growth monitoring module 102, and soil monitoring module 103 collect data according to a set cycle. The root analysis module 104 processes soil moisture data and generates root distribution information. The control module 105 integrates environmental prediction information, physiological response information, and root distribution information to calculate the irrigation amount for each grid unit. The execution module 106 executes irrigation according to control commands.

[0029] The system adopts a three-and-a-half-layer control architecture. The environmental stress prediction layer consists of the prediction units of the environmental monitoring module 101 and the control module 105. The physiological response layer consists of the evaluation units of the growth monitoring module 102 and the control module 105. The root system analysis module 104 constitutes the root system optimization layer. The soil monitoring module 103 and the execution module 106 constitute the basic execution layer. The four layers are coupled and controlled through data flow and control flow.

[0030] The environmental monitoring module 101 includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensor, a wind speed sensor, and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor. The temperature sensor is a PT100 platinum resistance temperature sensor, with a measurement range of -20℃ to 60℃ and a measurement accuracy of ±0.2S℃. The humidity sensor is a capacitive humidity sensor, with a measurement range of 0% to 100% relative humidity and a measurement accuracy of ±2%RH. The PAR sensor is a silicon photodiode sensor, with a measurement range of 0 to 2000 μmol / (m²). 2 The wind speed sensor uses a three-cup anemometer, with a measurement range of 0 to 10 m / s and an accuracy of ±0.3 m / s. The carbon dioxide concentration sensor uses an infrared absorption principle sensor, with a measurement range of 300 to 2000 ppm and an accuracy of ±50 ppm.

[0031] Temperature and humidity sensors are installed in the same protective cover, 1.5m above the ground and at least 2m above the greenhouse side wall. The cover is made of engineering plastic and features a white louvered structure. The photosynthetically active radiation sensor is installed below the greenhouse roof support, with the sensing surface horizontal and upward, 1.0m above the top of the crop canopy. The wind speed sensor is installed in the central area of ​​the greenhouse, 2.0m above the ground, avoiding direct airflow from the fan. The carbon dioxide concentration sensor is installed at the height of the crop canopy, 1.2m above the ground, away from personnel passageways. All sensors are secured with stainless steel brackets, the surface of which is treated for corrosion resistance.

[0032] The temperature sensor signal conditioning circuit uses an AD620 instrumentation amplifier with a gain of 100 and a reference voltage of 2.5V; the humidity sensor signal conditioning circuit uses a 555 timer to form an oscillator and an LM2907 chip to convert the frequency to voltage; the photosynthetically active radiation sensor signal conditioning circuit uses an OP07 operational amplifier to form a transimpedance amplifier with a feedback resistor of 100kΩ.

[0033] The raw signals from the sensors are converted into standard voltage signals by signal conditioning circuits. The temperature sensor signal conditioning circuit includes a constant current source and a differential amplifier, converting resistance changes into a 0-5V voltage signal. The humidity sensor signal conditioning circuit includes an oscillator and a frequency-to-voltage converter, converting capacitance changes into a 0-5V voltage signal. The photosynthetically active radiation sensor signal conditioning circuit uses a transimpedance amplifier to convert photocurrent into a 0-5V voltage signal. The wind speed sensor signal conditioning circuit includes a shaping circuit and a frequency-to-voltage converter, converting the frequency signal into a 0-5V voltage signal. The carbon dioxide concentration sensor outputs a digital signal, which is directly connected to the microcontroller's serial interface.

[0034] Environmental monitoring module 101 calculates vapor pressure deficit value. The calculation formula is:

[0035] In the formula, This represents vapor pressure deficit, measured in kPa. RH represents air temperature in °C; RH represents relative humidity in percentage; 0.6108, 17.27, and 237.3 are empirical constants.

[0036] The environmental monitoring module 101 synchronously collects data from all sensors at 60-second intervals. The collected raw data undergoes digital filtering, using the following filtering formula: ,in The current filtered value. The sampled value at the current moment. The filtered value from the previous moment. This is the filter coefficient, with a value of 0.8. This is the sampling time sequence number.

[0037] The processed environmental parameters, including air temperature, relative humidity, photosynthetically active radiation, wind speed, carbon dioxide concentration, and vapor pressure deficit, are transmitted to the control module 105 via an RS485 bus. The communication protocol adopts a master-slave structure, with the environmental monitoring module 101 acting as a slave device responding to query requests from the control module 105. The data frame contains the device address, data type identifier, measured value, and checksum, with a communication rate of 115200 bps.

[0038] The hardware platform of the environmental monitoring module 101 consists of a microcontroller, signal conditioning circuit, communication interface circuit, power supply circuit, and surge protection circuit. The microcontroller is responsible for data acquisition, filtering calculation, and communication control. The power supply circuit converts 24V DC power to 5V and 3.3V operating voltages. The surge protection circuit incorporates transient voltage suppression devices on the signal and power lines. The housing of the environmental monitoring module 101 is made of ABS engineering plastic, with an IP66 protection rating and an operating temperature range of -25℃ to 70℃.

[0039] For the specific design of sensor signal conditioning circuits, those skilled in the art can select appropriate amplifiers, filters, and conversion circuits according to the sensor characteristics; these circuit design methods are well-known technologies in the field. For RS485 bus termination matching and anti-interference measures, those skilled in the art can configure termination resistors and shielding measures according to communication distance and environmental conditions; these methods are well-known technologies in the field.

[0040] The growth monitoring module 102 includes an infrared thermal imager and a stem flow sensor. The infrared thermal imager is fixed at the center of a longitudinal support on the top of the greenhouse, at a height of 4.5m, with a lens viewing angle of 15° to ensure the entire planting area is within the imaging range. The infrared thermal imager uses an uncooled focal plane detector with a resolution of 320×240 pixels, a temperature measurement range of 0℃ to 50℃, a temperature measurement accuracy of ±1℃, and a thermal sensitivity of 0.1℃. A polytetrafluoroethylene dust cover is installed in front of the lens, with a light transmittance of no less than 90%. The infrared thermal imager integrates a temperature compensation circuit to correct measurement errors caused by changes in ambient temperature in real time.

[0041] The stem flow sensor uses the thermal pulse principle and consists of five sensors, each installed at the base of a representative corn plant stem, 10 cm above the ground. Each stem flow sensor includes a heating element and two temperature sensors. The heating element generates heat pulses when energized, and has two temperatures. The elements are located 10mm above and 10mm below the heating element, respectively. The heating element operates at a current of 0.3A, each heating cycle lasts 10 seconds, with a 5-minute interval between heating cycles. Temperature The components use high-precision platinum resistance thermometers with a measurement accuracy of ±0.1℃.

[0042] An infrared thermal imager acquires a complete canopy temperature distribution image every five minutes. The image data undergoes noise suppression processing to remove random interference. The processing unit extracts three key parameters from the temperature distribution image: average canopy temperature, canopy temperature coefficient of variation, and the proportion of high-temperature areas. These three parameters reflect the water stress status and transpiration efficiency of the maize plants.

[0043] A stem flow sensor continuously monitors water flow within the stem. Temperature difference data is collected every five seconds, and the average stem flow rate is calculated every 30 minutes. The stem flow rate calculation employs the principle of heat dissipation, compensating for the influence of ambient temperature. Calibration coefficients are determined through pot experiments, obtained by regression analysis of stem flow sensor measurements and actual transpiration rates.

[0044] The growth monitoring module 102 includes a data preprocessing unit for quality control of the raw data. Infrared image data undergoes spatial smoothing filtering to remove isolated noise points. Stem flow data undergoes time-series analysis to remove abrupt outliers. Preprocessed physiological parameters, including canopy temperature characteristic parameters and stem flow rate, are converted into standard industrial signal transmission. Canopy temperature characteristic parameters are transmitted via RS485 digital communication, and stem flow rate is transmitted via 4-20mA analog current signal. The transmission line uses shielded cable with anti-interference design.

[0045] The growth monitoring module 102 operates on 24V DC power with a maximum power consumption of 45W. The infrared thermal imager and stem flow sensor have an IP67 protection rating, capable of withstanding 95% relative humidity in a greenhouse. The mounting bracket is made of aluminum alloy with an anti-corrosion treatment, ensuring a secure fixation and preventing vibration from affecting measurement accuracy. The installation angle of the infrared thermal imager can be adjusted within the range of 0-30 degrees to accommodate different crop growth stages.

[0046] For the optical system design of infrared thermal imagers, those skilled in the art can select an appropriate lens focal length based on the measurement distance and field of view requirements. The optical design principles are well-known in the field and will not be elaborated here. For the heat conduction model of the thermal pulse stem flow sensor, those skilled in the art can optimize the parameters based on the physical characteristics of plant stems. The theoretical basis is well-known in the field and will not be elaborated here.

[0047] The soil monitoring module 103 includes a soil temperature and humidity sensor, a soil conductivity sensor, and a soil pH sensor. The soil temperature and humidity sensor, based on the frequency domain reflectance principle, has monitoring layers at depths of 10cm, 20cm, and 30cm, with four monitoring points evenly distributed at each depth, for a total of 12 monitoring points covering the entire greenhouse planting area. The soil temperature and humidity sensor has a temperature measurement range of 0 to 60℃ with an accuracy of ±0.5℃; and a volumetric moisture content measurement range of 0 to 50% with an accuracy of ±2%. The soil conductivity sensor uses a four-electrode structure, operates at a depth of 20cm, and has two monitoring points in each planting zone. The soil conductivity sensor has a measurement range of 0 to 20 mS / cm with an accuracy of ±0.1 mS / cm. The soil pH sensor uses a glass electrode design, measures at a depth of 15cm, and has one monitoring point in each zone. The soil pH sensor has a measurement range of 4.0 to 9.0 with an accuracy of ±0.1 pH units.

[0048] Soil sensors are installed using pre-embedded sleeves. First, a vertical hole with a diameter of 40mm and a depth of 45cm is drilled using a soil drill. A PVC sleeve with an outer diameter of 35mm is then inserted, and the sleeve is surrounded by 0.5-1.0mm quartz sand at a density of 1.5g / cm³ to ensure good contact between the sensor and the surrounding soil. The probe of the soil temperature and humidity sensor is fixed to the inner wall of the sleeve, and the contact surface is coated with silicone grease with a thermal conductivity of 1.2W / (m·K). The sensing parts of the soil conductivity sensor and the soil pH sensor directly contact the undisturbed soil inside the sleeve. All sensor signal wires are led out from the top of the sleeve and connected to waterproof connectors. The connectors feature a double-sealed design: an inner nitrile rubber sealing ring and an outer epoxy resin filling and sealing layer. The signal wires are laid along a dedicated underground cable tray, 30cm deep, to prevent damage during agricultural machinery operations.

[0049] The soil monitoring module 103 calculates soil water potential parameters. Soil water potential is calculated based on soil moisture content, soil temperature, and soil texture characteristics, using a quadratic polynomial model.

[0050] In the formula, Soil water potential, in kilopascals; Soil volumetric moisture content, expressed as a percentage. , , This refers to the soil texture coefficient. The soil texture coefficient is determined based on the soil's mechanical composition: undisturbed soil samples are collected in-situ, and the percentage content of sand, silt, and clay particles is measured using a hydrometer. When the sand content is greater than 50%, the soil is classified as sandy soil, and the coefficient is [not specified]. The value is -0.25. The value is 3.8. Value -15; When the clay content is greater than 30%, it is classified as clay soil, coefficient The value is -0.18. The value is 2.9. The value is -12; In other cases, the soil is loam, and the coefficient is... The value is -0.22. The value is 3.5. The value is -14.

[0051] Soil electrical conductivity measurements are compensated for based on soil temperature, with a compensation reference temperature of 25℃. Soil pH measurements are automatically corrected for temperature changes, with a correction coefficient of 0.003pH / ℃. The soil monitoring module 103 synchronously collects data from all sensors at 30-minute intervals. The data acquisition system has a power outage data protection function, a built-in real-time clock, and can automatically resume the transmission of stored historical data after power is restored.

[0052] The processed soil parameters include soil temperature at each depth, soil moisture content, soil water potential, soil electrical conductivity, and soil pH. Data is transmitted via twisted-pair shielded cable, and a repeater is automatically activated when the transmission distance exceeds 80m. Communication uses... The protocol operates at a baud rate of 9600 bits / second. The soil monitoring module 103 is powered by a 12V DC power supply, equipped with a 20W monocrystalline silicon solar panel and a 24Ah lead-acid battery. The system's average daily power consumption is 0.8Ah, and the battery capacity meets the power requirements for 10 consecutive cloudy / rainy days. All sensor housings are made of modified polypropylene material, which is corrosion-resistant, has an IP68 protection rating, and is designed for a service life of no less than 5 years.

[0053] For on-site calibration of soil sensors, those skilled in the art can perform calibration using standard solutions or standard soil samples according to the sensor's instruction manual. The calibration methods are well-known in the field and will not be elaborated upon here. For the charging and discharging control of the solar power system, those skilled in the art can select commercially available solar controllers to implement overcharge and over-discharge protection. The control circuit design is well-known in the field and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0054] The root analysis module 104 includes a transparent observation tube, a linear scanning camera, and a root image processing unit. The transparent observation tube is made of polycarbonate, with an outer diameter of 60 mm, a wall thickness of 3 mm, an inner diameter of 54 mm, and a length of 120 cm. It is vertically buried within a 20 cm radius around the main stem of the corn plant, at a depth of 100 cm. The outer surface of the tube is treated with UV resistance, achieving a light transmittance of 92%, while the inner surface is coated with a hydrophobic anti-fog coating with a thickness of 5 µm. The space between the observation tube and the soil is filled with 0.5 mm quartz sand at a density of 1.4 g / cm³ to ensure unimpeded root growth.

[0055] The linear scanning camera is mounted on a stainless steel slide rail inside the transparent observation tube. The slide rail is driven by a 24V DC stepper motor, with a movement speed of 0.3m / s and a positioning accuracy of ±0.1mm. The linear scanning camera sensor has a width of 4096 pixels, a pixel size of 7µm, and a scanning frequency of 1000Hz. The illumination system uses two sets of... The light strips are located on both sides of the camera, with each group containing 20 strips. The LEDs are evenly distributed. The LED light source uses 5050 packaged white LEDs with a color temperature of 5500K±200K, a color rendering index Ra≥90, a single LED power of 0.2W, an operating current of 20mA, and an operating voltage of 3.2V±0.2V. Two sets of LED light strips are symmetrically arranged, with a spacing of 5cm between each set, ensuring that the illumination uniformity inside the observation tube is ≥85%. The light source driver uses a constant current driver IC with a PWM dimming frequency of 1000Hz and an adjustable duty cycle range of 0-100%.

[0056] The root system image processing unit performs image acquisition and analysis. Before each scan, the system performs white balance calibration using a white standard plate. Image acquisition is performed in complete darkness, with only root system enabled. Light source. First, the acquired raw root system image is preprocessed. The preprocessing includes: using a Gaussian filter kernel (size 5×5, standard deviation...). =1.0) to smooth and denoise the root system image to eliminate random noise during the acquisition process; then, contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization is used to enhance the local contrast between the root system and the background, where the block size is set to 8×8 pixels and the cropping limit threshold is set to 2.0, thereby highlighting root system details without amplifying background noise; finally, using The method binarizes the enhanced image, marking root pixels as foreground (value 1) and soil background pixels as background (value 0), thereby segmenting the root region.

[0057] Subsequently, the binarized root image is thinned to obtain the root skeleton. The thinning process employs an improved skeletonization algorithm, which consists of a two-stage iterative process: In the first stage, boundary pixels that simultaneously meet all of the following conditions are marked and deleted: (a) This pixel belongs to the foreground pixel in the current iteration; (b) The number of foreground pixels in the 8-neighborhood of this pixel is between 2 and 6; (c) Within the 8-neighborhood of this pixel, the number of transitions from background (0) to foreground (1) is 1; (d) At least one of its upper, right, and lower adjacent pixels is a background pixel; (e) At least one of its right, lower, and left adjacent pixels is a background pixel.

[0058] In the second stage, boundary pixels that simultaneously satisfy the conditions (a), (b), (c) and (f) where at least one of the adjacent pixels above, to the left, and below is a background pixel, and (g) where at least one of the adjacent pixels above, to the right, and to the left is a background pixel are marked and deleted.

[0059] The algorithm iteratively executes the two phases described above until no pixels are marked and deleted, leaving foreground pixels that form a root system skeleton with a width of one pixel. This algorithm can accurately extract the centerline of the root system, providing high-precision data for subsequent root length and density calculations.

[0060] Root identification is achieved through grayscale threshold segmentation, with the threshold using... The method is adaptively determined. The root system skeletonization process employs a morphological thinning algorithm to preserve root connectivity.

[0061] Root distribution depth The root distribution depth is determined through vertical root distribution analysis. The system divides the root image into 10cm intervals along the depth direction of the observation tube and calculates the root length density at each depth. The root distribution depth is defined as the center location of the deepest layer with a root length density greater than 0.1cm / cm³. The specific calculation method is as follows: Starting from the surface, layers are detected downwards. When the root length density of two consecutive depth layers is less than 0.1cm / cm³, the center location of the previous depth layer that meets this condition is the root distribution depth. For example, if the root length density is 0.15cm / cm³ in the 30-40cm depth layer, 0.08cm / cm³ in the 40-50cm depth layer, and 0.05cm / cm³ in the 50-60cm depth layer, then the root distribution depth is 35cm.

[0062] Furthermore, the determination of the root distribution depth includes a boundary case handling: if the root length density is greater than 0.1 cm / cm³ in all depth layers from the ground surface to a depth of 100 cm, then the burial depth of the transparent observation tube, i.e., 100 cm, is directly determined as the root distribution depth, and a prompt message (such as "The root system has exceeded the observation range") is generated to remind the user that there may be deeper roots and the depth of the observation tube is insufficient for complete monitoring.

[0063] Root length density is calculated based on the number of pixels in the root skeleton, and the formula is as follows:

[0064] In the formula, Root length density, in cm / cm³; This represents the total number of pixels in the root skeleton. The actual length represented by a single pixel, in cm; The cross-sectional area of ​​the observation area is expressed in square centimeters. This is the scan depth, measured in centimeters. A single pixel represents the actual length. Determined by the inner diameter of the observation tube and the camera resolution, ,in The transparent observation tube (1041) has an inner diameter of 5.4 cm. The camera's effective pixel count is 4096. The cross-sectional area of ​​the observation region... equal Scan depth The axial length of a single scan is 10 cm.

[0065] Root vitality is assessed using a color index method, calculated using the following formula:

[0066] In the formula, Root vitality index; This represents the average value of the green channel in the root zone; This represents the average value of the blue channel in the root region; 1 is added to the denominator to prevent division by zero. The root region is extracted using a mask to remove background interference. A root vigor level greater than 40% is considered vigorous, 30% to 40% is considered moderately vigorous, and less than 30% is considered lowly vigorous. The root vigor threshold was determined through a pot experiment, using 50 corn plants as samples for manual observation and image analysis comparison.

[0067] The root analysis module 104 performs a complete scan every 7 days, scheduled between 10 PM and 4 AM the following day, when soil temperature fluctuations are minimal, reducing the impact of environmental fluctuations on root morphology. Each complete scan takes 8 minutes and covers a depth of 100 cm. After scanning, the root analysis module 104 outputs analysis results, including root length density at each depth, root vitality index, and root distribution depth, which are transmitted to the control module 105 via an industrial Ethernet interface. Root distribution depth data is expressed in centimeters and rounded to the nearest integer.

[0068] The root analysis module 104 features an environmentally adaptable design: a built-in temperature sensor monitors the temperature inside the tube, with an operating temperature range of 5 to 40°C. The system automatically shuts down when the temperature exceeds 40°C. The light source is activated and the cooling fan starts; when the temperature is below 5℃, the heating element is activated to maintain normal operation of the equipment. The power supply is 24V DC, the total power consumption is 35W, and it is equipped with a power failure protection circuit that can save the current scanning progress in the event of an unexpected power outage.

[0069] For motion control of a linear scanning camera, those skilled in the art can achieve precise position control using a stepper motor driver; the control method is well-known in the field and will not be elaborated upon here. For image compression algorithms, those skilled in the art can employ… or The algorithm implementations of standard compression formats are well-known technologies in this field and will not be elaborated here.

[0070] See attached document Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a time-domain response curve of the synergistic regulation effect of environmental parameters according to an embodiment of the present invention. The control module 105 includes industrial-grade... Processor, 8GB solid-state storage, multiple communication interfaces, and power management unit. Industrial grade. The processor uses This series of chips features an 800 MHz clock speed, a built-in hardware floating-point unit, and an operating temperature range of -20 to 70°C. The 8GB solid-state storage utilizes… Utilizing flash memory technology, it boasts a write / erase cycle life of 100,000 times. The multi-channel communication interface includes four RS485 interfaces, two 100Mbps Ethernet interfaces, and one 4G communication module, supporting... and protocol.

[0071] The control module 105 receives data from the environmental monitoring module 101, the growth monitoring module 102, the soil monitoring module 103, and the root analysis module 104. Data acquisition is performed at 60-second intervals, and the acquired parameters include air temperature, air humidity, and light intensity. Concentration, leaf surface temperature, plant height, soil temperature, soil moisture content, soil water potential, root length density, and root activity index were measured. Anomaly detection employed a sliding window analysis method, calculating the standard deviation for 60 consecutive data points. When a single data point deviated from the window mean by more than three times the standard deviation, the data was marked as an anomaly and replaced with the average of the preceding and following valid data.

[0072] Irrigation water requirement calculation comprehensively considers crop growth stage, soil moisture status, and root distribution depth. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0073] In the formula, This refers to the irrigation water requirement, expressed in liters (L). The crop coefficient is determined based on the number of days the corn grows: 0.4 for 0 to 30 days after transplanting, 1.1 for 31 to 70 days, and 0.7 for 71 days to harvest. Crop evapotranspiration was calculated from meteorological station data and is expressed in mm / d. The area of ​​a single irrigation zone is expressed in square meters. This represents the average volumetric water content of the current 0 to 30 cm soil layer, expressed as a percentage. This represents the field water holding capacity of the soil layer, obtained through soil sample testing, and is expressed as a percentage. This refers to the root depth correction coefficient. The determination adopts a dynamic and continuous method to smoothly respond to changes in root growth and avoid abrupt changes in irrigation volume caused by step-like variations. Specifically, a membership function is set, which is based on the root distribution depth provided by the root analysis module 104. As input variables, with depth correction coefficients For output variables; when When less than 30 cm, Explicitly take 0.6; when When it is between 30 and 60 centimeters From the formula The calculations show that a linear transition from 0.6 to 0.8 is achieved. when When it is greater than 60 cm, Explicitly take 1.0.

[0074] The ventilation volume calculation is based on the greenhouse heat balance principle, and the calculation formula is:

[0075] In the formula, The required ventilation volume is expressed in m³ / h. For air density, take 1.2 kg / m³. The specific heat capacity of air is taken as 1006 J / (kg·℃); This refers to the internal volume of the greenhouse, in m³. The temperature is set in degrees Celsius. This refers to the outside temperature of the greenhouse, in °C. This is used when calculating ventilation volume. When the ventilation equipment exceeds its maximum capacity, the system activates the evaporative cooling system.

[0076] The daily supplemental lighting duration is determined based on the cumulative insufficient amount of natural light, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0077] In the formula, The duration of supplemental lighting is expressed in hours (h). This refers to insufficient photosynthetically active radiation, expressed in mol / m³. , The daily cumulative photosynthetically active radiation required for maize is 15 mol / m³. This represents the cumulative amount of natural sunlight received that day. The average photosynthetically active radiation intensity of the supplemental lighting fixtures at the crop canopy is expressed in μmol / (m²·s) and was obtained through actual measurement using a photonic quantum sensor. The supplementary lighting device will not be activated if the time is less than 0.5 hours.

[0078] The control module 105 adopts a three-layer control architecture. The bottom real-time control layer has a control cycle of 1 second and is responsible for sensor data acquisition, actuator status monitoring, and direct response to emergency fault protection (such as mechanical jamming or short circuit). The middle equipment control layer has a control cycle of 60 seconds and is responsible for the switching on and off of equipment such as irrigation valves, ventilation fans, and supplemental lighting, as well as the issuance of setpoints. The top-level strategy control layer has a control cycle of 24 hours and is responsible for growth model prediction, resource optimization allocation, and user interaction. Specifically, the top-level strategy control layer automatically updates the irrigation formula in the middle equipment control layer daily based on the latest root distribution depth uploaded by the root analysis module 104. Coefficient, and updated based on the number of growth days. The value will be updated. and The value is sent to the middle control layer for periodic use. The power management unit supports 12 to 24V DC input, with a maximum output power of 100W, and has a built-in overvoltage protection circuit with an operating voltage of 28V and an overcurrent protection current of 5A. The control module 105 is equipped with a backup power supply, using a 12V 7A lithium iron phosphate battery, which can operate continuously for 10 hours when the external power supply is interrupted.

[0079] Data storage employs a hierarchical management strategy: raw sensor data is stored for 7 days, hourly statistical values ​​are stored for 30 days, and daily statistical data is permanently stored. Data is uploaded to the cloud server every 30 minutes, and the uploaded content includes environmental parameter statistics and equipment operating status. The control module 105 has an aluminum alloy housing with an IP65 protection rating and operates in ambient temperatures ranging from -10°C to 60°C and relative humidity from 10% to 95%.

[0080] Soil field water holding capacity The results were obtained through field measurements: After thorough irrigation, the soil was covered with mulch to prevent evaporation. Soil samples from the 0-30cm layer were collected 24 hours later, and the moisture content was determined using the oven-drying method. (Reference crop evapotranspiration) The temperature, humidity, wind speed, and sunshine duration provided by the weather station were used to calculate the optimal temperature for the evaporative cooling system, according to the FAO-recommended standard method. The activation temperature thresholds for the evaporative cooling system were set based on the corn's growth stages: 28℃ in the early growth stage, 30℃ in the middle growth stage, and 29℃ in the later growth stage.

[0081] Regarding the application of genetic algorithms in control strategy optimization, those skilled in the art can adjust the algorithm parameters according to the specific optimization objective. The specific implementation is well-known in the field and will not be elaborated upon here. and For the specific implementation of the communication protocol, those skilled in the art can refer to relevant standard documents. The protocol details are well-known in the field and will not be elaborated here.

[0082] See attached document Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a simulation verification diagram of a current monitoring fault detection algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention. The execution module 106 includes an irrigation execution unit, a ventilation execution unit, a supplementary lighting execution unit, and a shading execution unit. The irrigation execution unit consists of a variable frequency water pump, a pressure sensor, a flow meter, and zone solenoid valves. The variable frequency water pump has a power of 1.5 kW, a head of 30 m, and a flow range of 0 to 10 m³ / h. The pressure sensor has a measurement range of 0 to 0.6 MPa and an accuracy of ±0.01 MPa. The flow meter is electromagnetic, with a diameter of 25 mm, a measurement range of 0.1 to 10 m³ / h, and an accuracy of ±1%. Each irrigation zone is equipped with an independent solenoid valve. The valve body is made of brass, with a working pressure of 0.2 to 0.5 MPa and a response time of 0.5 s. The switching frequency of the solenoid valve is limited to no more than 10 times per hour to avoid frequent start-stop damage to the equipment. The irrigation flow rate is determined according to the irrigation water demand calculated by the control module. The duration of a single irrigation is controlled by real-time accumulation through the flow meter. When the accumulated flow reaches the set value, the solenoid valve is closed.

[0083] The ventilation unit includes a negative pressure fan, a wet curtain system, and temperature and humidity sensors. The negative pressure fan has a power of 0.75kW, an air volume of 25,000 m³ / h, an air pressure of 80Pa, and a noise level of 65dB. The wet curtain system uses 7090 type honeycomb paper wet curtains, 10cm thick, 1.8m high, with an effective evaporation area of ​​25m². The wet curtain water pump has a flow rate of 3m³ / h and a head of 5m. The wet curtain water circulation system is equipped with a water level sensor and a conductivity sensor. When the water level is below 10cm or the conductivity exceeds 2000μS / cm, the system automatically replenishes fresh water. Two sets of ultrasonic wind speed sensors are installed on the top of the greenhouse to monitor the external wind speed in real time. When either sensor detects a wind speed exceeding 10m / s for 10 seconds, the shade net automatically retracts.

[0084] Furthermore, the dual-redundancy judgment logic of the wind speed sensor in the shading execution unit is as follows: when the difference between the measured values ​​of the two wind speed sensors is detected to exceed 3 m / s for a continuous period of 5 seconds, the system determines that the sensor is abnormal rather than the actual wind speed difference, generates a sensor fault alarm, suspends the automatic retraction function based on wind speed, and uses the lower wind speed value of the two sensors as the basis for the system's safety judgment to avoid the shading net failing to retract or being retracted incorrectly due to sensor failure.

[0085] The speed of the variable frequency water pump is controlled by a pressure closed-loop system. The speed calculation formula is as follows:

[0086] In the formula, The current set speed, in r / min; The rated speed of the water pump is 1450 r / min; To set the pipeline pressure, the unit is MPa; The rated pressure is 0.4 MPa. The set pressure... The specific logic for dynamically adjusting the number of irrigation zones is as follows: Before starting irrigation, the control module selects the corresponding set pipeline pressure based on the number of solenoid valves to be opened simultaneously in the current irrigation plan. 0.3 MPa is used for single-zone irrigation, 0.4 MPa for two zones simultaneously, and 0.5 MPa for three or more zones simultaneously. During irrigation, if it is necessary to add or remove irrigation zones due to changes in the irrigation plan, the system will immediately re-determine the pressure. The rotational speed is calculated to maintain stable pipeline pressure.

[0087] The cooling effect of the evaporative cooling pads is evaluated by measuring the temperature difference. When the temperature difference is less than 2°C for 30 consecutive minutes, the system prompts the system to clean and maintain the evaporative cooling pads. The temperature difference is the difference between the readings of the temperature sensor in front of the evaporative cooling pads and the temperature sensor behind the evaporative cooling pads.

[0088] The supplementary lighting unit adopts a full spectrum. Plant grow lights, full spectrum The spectral distribution of the plant grow lights is 400-700nm, with red light (660nm) accounting for 45%, blue light (450nm) for 15%, far-red light (730nm) for 5%, and white light for 35%. The lights are installed in a 1.5m × 1.5m grid, with the height from the crop canopy dynamically adjusted according to the corn's growth stages: 1.5m for seedlings, 1.2m for jointing, and 1.0m for tasseling. The installation density is determined based on the corn variety: 4 lights per 10m³ for compact varieties and 6 lights per 10 square meters for sparse varieties. The lights are driven by a constant current power supply with a constant output current of 700mA. The luminaire features 0 to 100% dimming capability with a dimming accuracy of 1%. Heat dissipation is achieved using an aluminum finned heat sink with natural convection, ensuring the surface temperature does not exceed 70℃.

[0089] The shading unit includes a shading net, a film-rolling motor, and limit switches. The shading net is made of woven aluminum foil, with a shading rate of 65% and a tensile strength of 300 N / cm. The film-rolling motor has a power of 0.37 kW, a torque of 50 N·m, and a running speed of 1 m / min. The limit switches are mechanical travel switches with an accuracy of ±1 cm. The system is equipped with two wind speed sensors, installed on the east and west sides of the greenhouse top, respectively, with a wind speed measurement range of 0 to 30 m / s and an accuracy of ±0.5 m / s. When both sensors detect a wind speed exceeding 10 m / s for 10 seconds, the shading net automatically retracts to the fully closed position.

[0090] Each execution unit of execution module 106 is connected to control module 105 via industrial Ethernet, with a communication cycle of 100 milliseconds. Actuator status feedback includes switch status, fault signals, and operating parameters. Fault detection employs a composite diagnostic method, adding fault prediction functionality in addition to current monitoring. Specifically, the startup process of irrigation pumps and ventilation fans is monitored. If the current sensor does not detect a base value exceeding 20% ​​of the rated current within 0.5 seconds after the startup command is issued, it is determined to be a "phase loss or open circuit fault." If the current rapidly rises to over 400% of the rated current within 0.5 seconds after startup, it is determined to be a "short circuit fault," and the startup process is immediately terminated. For the sunshade motor, the auxiliary contacts of its forward and reverse control contactor are monitored to determine whether the two contactors are energized simultaneously. If they are energized simultaneously, it is determined to be a "control logic conflict fault," and the control power supply is immediately disconnected. During normal operation, if the operating current exceeds 150% of the corresponding rated value for 3 seconds, the system determines it to be a mechanical jamming fault and cuts off the power supply. All actuators are equipped with manual operating handles. The manual and automatic modes are switched via a mechanical interlock switch, which automatically cuts off the motor power when switching.

[0091] The power supply system of execution module 106 adopts a three-phase 380V power supply, with a 32A circuit breaker and a 30mA residual current device (RCD) configured for the main incoming line. Each execution unit has an independent power distribution circuit: 16A for the irrigation system, 10A for the ventilation system, 20A for the supplemental lighting system, and 6A for the shading system. The water pump motor is equipped with an electronic soft starter, with the starting current limited to within three times the rated current and a starting time of 5 seconds.

[0092] The irrigation solenoid valve adopts a pilot-operated structure, with a nominal diameter of 25mm and a minimum opening pressure of 0.05MPa. The solenoid valve coil operates at 24V DC, with a holding power of 5W, a starting instantaneous power of 30W, and a duration of 100ms. A 1mm diameter drain hole is designed at the bottom of the solenoid valve body to prevent freezing and cracking in winter.

[0093] The evaporative cooling pad frame is made of 304 stainless steel, with guide channels spaced 20cm apart on the inner wall to ensure even water distribution. Material, pipe diameter 32mm, adjustable ball valve installed at the end of the pipe to balance the water flow in each area.

[0094] For the sealing structure of the solenoid valve, those skilled in the art can use standard rubber sealing rings, the sealing principle of which is well-known in the field and will not be elaborated here. The optical design of the luminaire can be selected by those skilled in the art based on the spectral requirements of the crop. The design of the optical parameters of the chip assembly is a well-known technology in this field and will not be elaborated here.

[0095] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0096] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented in software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0097] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs.

[0098] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An adaptive water supply system for corn greenhouse cultivation, characterized in that, include: The environmental monitoring module is used to monitor the air temperature, humidity, light intensity, and other parameters inside the greenhouse. concentration; The growth monitoring module is used to monitor corn leaf temperature and plant height; The soil monitoring module is used to monitor soil temperature, soil moisture content, and soil water potential. The root analysis module is used to monitor the root distribution depth and root vigor index of maize. The control module is connected to the environmental monitoring module, crop growth monitoring module, soil monitoring module and root analysis module, and is used to calculate irrigation water demand based on the corn growth stage, soil moisture status and root distribution depth. An execution module, connected to the control module, includes an irrigation execution unit for performing irrigation operations according to the irrigation water demand. The control module determines a depth correction coefficient based on the root distribution depth to adjust the irrigation water demand calculation.

2. The adaptive water supply system for corn greenhouse cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The root system analysis module includes a transparent observation tube, a linear scanning camera, and a root system image processing unit. The transparent observation tube is vertically buried within a 20-centimeter radius around the main stem of the corn plant, at a depth of 100 centimeters. The linear scanning camera moves vertically along the inner wall of the transparent observation tube to acquire root system images; The root image processing unit divides the root image into depth layers at 10-centimeter intervals, calculates the root length density of each depth layer, and determines the root distribution depth when the root length density of two consecutive depth layers is less than 0.1 cm / cm³.

3. The adaptive water supply system for corn greenhouse cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the irrigation water requirement is as follows: ; In the formula, This refers to the amount of water required for irrigation, expressed in liters. For crop coefficients; For reference crop evapotranspiration, the unit is millimeters per day; The area of ​​a single irrigation zone is expressed in square meters. This represents the average volumetric water content of the current 0 to 30 cm soil layer. This refers to the field water holding capacity of this soil layer; Root depth correction factor.

4. The adaptive water supply system for corn greenhouse cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The execution module also includes a ventilation execution unit, which includes a negative pressure fan and a wet curtain system. The wet curtain system is equipped with a water level sensor and a conductivity sensor, and automatically replenishes fresh water when the water level is below 10 cm or the conductivity exceeds 2000 microSiemens / cm.

5. The adaptive water supply system for corn greenhouse cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The irrigation execution unit includes a variable frequency water pump, a pressure sensor, a flow meter, and zone solenoid valves; the speed of the variable frequency water pump is controlled by a pressure closed loop, each solenoid valve corresponds to one irrigation zone, and the switching frequency of the solenoid valves is limited to no more than 10 times per hour.

6. The adaptive water supply system for corn greenhouse cultivation according to claim 5, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the speed of the variable frequency water pump is as follows: ; In the formula, The current set speed, in revolutions per minute; The rated speed of the water pump is 1450 rpm; The pressure in the pipeline is set in megapascals (MPa). The rated pressure is 0.4 MPa; the set pipeline pressure is dynamically adjusted according to the number of zones being irrigated simultaneously.

7. The adaptive water supply system for corn greenhouse cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The execution module also includes a supplementary lighting execution unit, which uses a full-spectrum LED plant growth lamp; the daily supplementary lighting duration is determined based on the cumulative insufficient amount of natural light, and the supplementary lighting device is not activated when the supplementary lighting duration is less than 0.5 hours.

8. The adaptive water supply system for corn greenhouse cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The execution module also includes a shading execution unit, which includes a shading net, a roll-up motor, and a wind speed sensor. When the wind speed sensor detects a value exceeding 10 m / s for 10 seconds, the shading net automatically retracts to the fully closed position.

9. An adaptive water supply system for corn greenhouse cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module adopts a hierarchical control architecture, including a bottom real-time control layer, a middle device control layer, and a high-level strategy control layer. Each layer executes its corresponding function using a different control cycle.

10. An adaptive water supply system for corn greenhouse cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system is equipped with a fault detection function to monitor the current of irrigation pumps, ventilation fans and shading motors; when the operating current exceeds 150% of the corresponding rated value for 3 seconds, it is determined to be a mechanical jamming fault and the power supply is cut off; all actuators are equipped with manual operation devices, and the manual and automatic modes are switched through mechanical interlock switches.

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