A tool wear monitoring device with self-cleaning function

Abstract

The application discloses a tool wear monitoring device with a self-cleaning function and belongs to the technical field of machine tool tool state monitoring. The device comprises a chassis, an X-direction displacement assembly, a Y-direction displacement assembly, a Z-direction displacement assembly, an angle adjusting assembly, a clamping piece, a self-cleaning protection assembly, a cleaning medium supply box and a positioning assembly. The clamping piece is installed on the outer wall of a tool shank through a split half structure, a sensor module is embedded in the clamping piece, and a sensing probe penetrates out to the outer surface of the clamping piece. The self-cleaning protection assembly comprises a protective cover body, a turnover cover plate, a micro drive motor and a wiping piece, and the wiping piece wipes the surface of the sensing probe during the opening and closing of the turnover cover plate. The cleaning medium supply box sprays medium to the machining area through a conveying pipe, thereby reducing the splashing of pollutants in the direction of the sensing probe from the source, and the two components cooperatively form a cleaning chain of "source control-end removal", thereby realizing the long-term stability and accuracy of monitoring data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machine tool condition monitoring technology, specifically to a tool wear monitoring device with self-cleaning function, which is suitable for online monitoring of tool wear status during cutting processes in CNC machine tools and various machining centers. Background Technology

[0002] During the cutting process of CNC machine tools, the wear condition of the cutting tools directly affects machining accuracy, surface quality, and production efficiency. Statistics show that tool failure is one of the main causes of unplanned downtime of CNC machine tools, accounting for approximately 20% to 30% of total downtime in machining centers. Therefore, real-time and accurate online monitoring of tool wear is of great significance for ensuring machining quality, extending tool life, and improving machine tool utilization.

[0003] Currently, various online monitoring technologies for tool wear have been proposed, mainly including the following categories: (a) Optical / Visual Inspection Method For example, CN112484637A discloses an adjustable tool wear detection device for CNC machine tools. This device uses a laser rangefinder for non-contact tool wear detection, determining the degree of wear by measuring changes in the tool's dimensions. The advantages of this method are its non-contact nature and high measurement accuracy. However, during machining, splashing cutting fluid and flying chips can easily obstruct the laser path or contaminate the optical lens, leading to signal interruption or distortion. Furthermore, optical components have stringent installation requirements, making it difficult to achieve truly continuous online monitoring in harsh cutting environments. While existing technologies include mounting the monitoring camera inside a protective housing with a transparent cover, and using a semi-circular shield to protect the camera, these solutions struggle to simultaneously remove contaminants adhering to the probe surface during monitoring, thus negatively impacting the stability of the monitoring signal.

[0004] (ii) Self-generated power monitoring method For example, CN121315723B discloses a self-generated monitoring device and method for CNC machine tool tool wear, which uses the delay of the electrical signal generated by the power generation component to determine whether the tool is worn. Specifically, by installing a power generation component and a transmission component outside the clamping shank, the delay of the radio frequency signal emitted by the transmission component is detected to determine whether the tool has completed machining within a predetermined time. The shortcomings of this type of solution are: the judgment logic is relatively simple, it can only determine whether the tool has been "damaged" or "failed", it is difficult to accurately assess and quantify the degree of wear, and it cannot provide continuous status data for tool life prediction.

[0005] (III) Vibration / Force Sensing Monitoring Method For example, CN119238209A discloses a composite material structure vibration measuring tool holder, which has a detection component installed on the outer sleeve of the tool holder, housing a vibration sensor and an acceleration sensor. It monitors the wear condition of the tool online by real-time monitoring of vibration during machining. This method can provide continuous vibration signals and has high monitoring sensitivity. However, its sensor probe extends directly into the cutting environment, making it susceptible to adhesion of cutting fluid, oil, and metal shavings to the sensor surface or probe area, leading to signal attenuation, increased noise, or even sensor failure. Furthermore, existing detection components are mostly fixed to the outer wall of the tool holder with bolts, making disassembly and assembly inconvenient, and lacking effective protection for the sensor's sensing elements.

[0006] In summary, the core problem prevalent in existing technologies lies in the lack of effective protection and self-cleaning mechanisms for the sensing elements of sensors. During prolonged continuous machining operations, the continuous accumulation of cutting fluid, oil, and chips on the sensor probe surface severely impacts monitoring accuracy and signal reliability, significantly shortening the sensor's effective lifespan. While some solutions have proposed individual measures such as protective covers or air-jet cleaning, a comprehensive technical solution has yet to emerge that integrates the blowing of the machining area with passive protection from protective covers and wiping cleaning, and coordinates this with timing control to achieve full automation of the "cleaning-acquisition-protection" process. Summary of the Invention

[0007] 1. Technical problem to be solved: To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a tool wear monitoring device with a self-cleaning function. This invention integrates a self-cleaning protection component with a cleaning medium supply tank to achieve a synergistic effect of active cleaning and passive protection of the sensor probe. This reduces signal attenuation caused by cutting fluid, oil, and chips adhering to the sensor probe during cutting, thereby improving the long-term stability and data accuracy of online monitoring. Simultaneously, a three-axis displacement adjustment mechanism enables flexible positioning of the monitoring device in three spatial dimensions, meeting the monitoring needs of different machining scenarios.

[0008] 2. Technical Solution: To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0009] A tool wear monitoring device with self-cleaning function includes a base frame, an X-axis displacement component, a Y-axis displacement component, a Z-axis displacement component, an angle adjustment component, a clamping component, a self-cleaning protection component, a cleaning medium supply box, and a positioning component.

[0010] The base frame serves as the foundation for the entire device. The X-axis displacement assembly is mounted on the base frame and has a pair of synchronously moving first sliding seats. The uprights are vertically fixed to the two first sliding seats. The Y-axis displacement assembly is horizontally mounted between the two uprights and has a second sliding seat. The Z-axis displacement assembly is vertically mounted on the second sliding seat and has a third sliding seat. The X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis displacement assemblies are all screw-nut transmission mechanisms, realizing horizontal lateral, horizontal longitudinal, and vertical displacement movements, respectively.

[0011] Through the coordinated movement of the aforementioned three-axis displacement components, the angle adjustment component and subsequent parts mounted on the third sliding block can be freely positioned in three-dimensional space to adapt to the monitoring needs of tools of different sizes and positions.

[0012] Furthermore, the angle adjustment component is fixed on the third sliding seat, and its output end is connected to the fourth lead screw slide module. The angle adjustment component includes a positioning plate fixed on the third sliding seat and a worm gear reducer motor mounted on the positioning plate. The output end of the worm gear reducer motor is fixedly connected to the fourth lead screw slide module to drive the fourth lead screw slide module to deflect in the vertical plane, thereby realizing fine adjustment of the monitoring angle and further expanding the applicable scenarios of the device.

[0013] Furthermore, the clamping component is fixed to the fourth sliding seat of the fourth lead screw slide module for clamping the tool holder. The clamping component includes a first half-ring fastening block and a second half-ring fastening block that are engaged with each other by fastening bolts, and a clamping collar body embedded between the two. The clamping collar body adopts a split half-ring structure, consisting of a first half-ring and a second half-ring, which are detachably locked to the outer wall of the tool holder by fasteners. The inner wall of the clamping collar body is provided with an elastic damping layer to reduce the impact on the dynamic balance of the spindle and to reduce vibration. The thickness of the elastic damping layer is preferably 0.5mm to 2mm.

[0014] Furthermore, a sensor module is installed within the clamping collar body, with its sensing probe extending to the outer surface of the clamping member to detect external signals. The sensor module includes a vibration sensor (such as a piezoelectric accelerometer) and / or a temperature sensor (such as a thermocouple or thermistor), used to collect vibration signals and tool holder temperature change signals during the cutting process, respectively. Changes in vibration and temperature characteristics can comprehensively reflect the tool wear state.

[0015] Furthermore, a self-cleaning protective assembly is mounted on the clamping component, located outside the sensor probe, for cleaning and protecting the sensor probe. The self-cleaning protective assembly includes a protective cover, a flip-up cover, a miniature drive motor, and a wiping component.

[0016] The protective cover is fixed to the clamping component; the flip cover is hinged to the top of the protective cover via a hinge shaft; the output end of the micro drive motor is connected to the hinge shaft for driving the flip cover to flip between the closed position covering the sensor probe and the open position exposing the sensor probe; the wiping component is fixed to the side of the flip cover facing the sensor probe and is used to wipe the surface of the sensor probe during the flipping process.

[0017] Furthermore, a cleaning medium supply tank is mounted on the fourth sliding seat. Its interior is used to store or receive compressed gas and / or liquid media. The output end of the cleaning medium supply tank is connected to a delivery pipe, the outlet of which faces downwards towards the clamping element, for spraying the media onto the cutting tool or machining area. The delivery pipe is a flexible, shaped metal hose (such as a gooseneck) or a segmented rigid tube.

[0018] The medium in the cleaning medium supply box can be compressed air (in this case, the cleaning medium supply box is an air blowing box), used to blow away chips and cutting fluid from the tool or machining area; or it can be a mixture of compressed air and a small amount of lubricating oil (in this case, the cleaning medium supply box is an aerosol supply box), used to provide a small amount of lubrication and cooling while blowing away impurities.

[0019] Furthermore, the positioning assembly is mounted on the base frame for positioning and fixing the workpiece to be processed. The positioning assembly includes a support plate, a long slide rail, multiple positioning pins, a sliding block, a clamping plate, and a locking nut. The support plate is positioned above the base frame, which has a support plate. The long slide rail is formed on the support plate. Multiple positioning pins pass through the long slide rail. The sliding block is fixed to the bottom of the positioning pin and slides in cooperation with the support plate. The clamping plate is fitted onto the middle section of the positioning pin. The locking nut is threaded to the top of the positioning pin and is used to tighten downwards to drive the clamping plate to press the workpiece. By adjusting the position of the positioning pins in the long slide rail, the positioning requirements of workpieces of different sizes can be accommodated.

[0020] Furthermore, it also includes a control unit, which is electrically connected to the self-cleaning protection component, the control valve of the cleaning medium supply tank, and the sensor module. The control unit is used to control the self-cleaning protection component to perform cleaning and protection actions according to a preset timing sequence, and to control the medium spraying of the cleaning medium supply tank, so as to realize a cycle of cleaning the sensor probe before collecting data, and performing protection after data collection.

[0021] The working process of the device of the present invention is as follows: The clamping element is mounted on the outer wall of the tool holder via a half-type structure, requiring no structural modifications to the machine tool. The clamping element is moved to the target monitoring position through the coordinated movement of the X, Y, and Z displacement components; the monitoring angle is adjusted via the angle adjustment component.

[0022] During non-monitoring periods, the flip cover remains closed under the drive of a miniature drive motor, covering the outside of the sensor probe to prevent cutting fluid and chips from adhering to the surface of the sensor probe during non-monitoring periods.

[0023] When monitoring data needs to be collected, the control unit issues instructions according to a preset timing sequence: the micro drive motor drives the flip cover to flip from the closed position to the open position, exposing the sensor probe; during the flipping process, the wiping component fixed to the inside of the flip cover wipes and cleans the surface of the sensor probe; at the same time or subsequently, the cleaning medium supply box sprays compressed gas and / or liquid medium into the tool or machining area through the delivery pipe to blow away the chips and cutting fluid in the machining area.

[0024] After cleaning, the sensor module begins to collect vibration and / or temperature signals. The collected signals are amplified, filtered, and converted from analog to digital before being wirelessly transmitted to a host computer via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. The wear condition of the tool is determined by analyzing changes in vibration and temperature characteristics.

[0025] After the data collection is completed, the miniature drive motor drives the flip cover to flip from the open position back to the closed position, covering the sensor probe again and entering the next round of protection.

[0026] 3. Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages: (1) Self-cleaning and protection work together to ensure long-term monitoring accuracy: This invention achieves active cleaning of the sensor probe through the opening and closing action of the flip-top cover in the self-cleaning protection component and the wiping action of the wiping component; combined with the blowing of the cleaning medium supply box on the processing area, it reduces the splashing of chips and cutting fluid towards the sensor probe from the source. The cleaning medium supply box and the wiping component work together to form a complete cleaning chain of "source control - end removal", rather than independent cleaning methods. The closed protection of the flip-top cover during non-monitoring periods effectively avoids the continuous accumulation of contaminants on the probe surface. The synergistic effect of the three fundamentally solves the problem of sensor probe contamination by cutting fluid and chips, ensuring the long-term stability and data accuracy of online monitoring.

[0027] (2) No modification required for installation, highly versatile: The clamping component adopts a split half-structure, which can be directly installed on the outer wall of the existing tool holder without any structural modification to the machine tool or cutting tool. The elastic damping layer on the inner wall of the clamping collar body ensures clamping reliability while reducing the impact on the dynamic balance of the spindle. The device is suitable for different types and specifications of tool holders, has high versatility, and is easy to promote and use.

[0028] (3) Three-axis displacement and angle adjustment, with a wide range of applicable scenarios: By combining three sets of displacement components in the X, Y and Z directions with the worm gear angle adjustment components, the monitoring device can be freely positioned and finely adjusted in three spatial dimensions, which can adapt to the needs of different workpiece sizes, different processing positions and different monitoring angles, greatly expanding the applicability of the device.

[0029] (4) Intermittent working mode to extend service life: The control unit realizes the timing control of "cleaning-acquisition-protection". The sensor module only collects data after cleaning is completed, avoiding continuous exposure of the sensor in the harsh cutting environment; the flip cover is kept closed during non-acquisition periods to reduce the intrusion of contaminants. This intermittent working mode not only ensures signal quality, but also extends the service life of the sensor and protective components.

[0030] (5) Compact structure and easy to engineer: The components of this invention are reasonably arranged and the structure is compact. The core innovation is concentrated on the self-cleaning protection components and clamping parts. It does not involve complex algorithms or special materials. It mainly relies on the innovation of mechanical structure and control logic. It is easy to implement, the cost is controllable, and it is easy to engineer and industrialize.

[0031] It should be noted that the structures not described in this invention are not related to the design points and improvement directions of this invention, and are the same as or can be implemented using existing technologies, so they will not be elaborated here. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the tool wear monitoring device with self-cleaning function of the present invention; Figure 2 and Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the clamping component and the self-cleaning protective component in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the split-type half structure of the clamping collar body in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the self-cleaning protective component in the present invention with the flip cover in the open state. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning component in this invention.

[0033] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 100. Base frame; 110. Support plate; 200. X-axis displacement component; 211. First sliding seat; 300. Y-axis displacement component; 321. Second sliding seat; 400. Z-axis displacement assembly; 411. Third sliding block; 500. Angle adjustment assembly; 510. Positioning plate; 520. Worm gear reducer motor; 530. Fourth lead screw slide module; 531. Fourth sliding seat; 610. Clamping component; 611. First half-ring fastening block; 612. Second half-ring fastening block; 613. Fastening bolt; 620. Clamping collar body; 621. Elastic damping layer; 631. Sensing probe; 710. Self-cleaning protective component; 711. Protective cover; 712. Flip-top cover; 713. Miniature drive motor; 714. Wiping component; 720. Cleaning medium supply tank; 721. Delivery pipe; 800, Positioning component; 810, Bearing plate; 811, Long slide rail; 820, Positioning post; 821, Sliding block; 830, Pressure plate; 831, Locking nut. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1: Overall Structure and Assembly of the Device like Figure 1-2 As shown, this embodiment provides a tool wear monitoring device with self-cleaning function, including a base frame 100, an X-axis displacement component 200, a Y-axis displacement component 300, a Z-axis displacement component 400, an angle adjustment component 500, a clamping component 610, a self-cleaning protection component 710, a cleaning medium supply box 720, and a positioning component 800.

[0036] The base frame 100 is made of cast iron or welded steel plate, and has good rigidity and vibration damping performance. The upper surface of the base frame 100 is the mounting reference surface, and it is provided with several threaded mounting holes and locating pin holes.

[0037] The X-axis displacement assembly 200 is mounted on the base frame 100 and includes a pair of parallel lead screw and nut transmission mechanisms driven by a servo motor. Two first sliding seats 211 are respectively mounted on two sets of lead screws and nuts, and move synchronously along the X-direction under the drive of the servo motor. The stroke of the X-axis displacement assembly 200 is preferably 200mm to 800mm, and can be adjusted according to the worktable size of the machining center.

[0038] The uprights 310 are vertically arranged columnar structures, which are fixed to the two first sliding seats 211 by bolts. The tops of the two uprights 310 are connected by a crossbeam to form a gantry frame structure to ensure overall rigidity and movement stability.

[0039] The Y-axis displacement component 300 is horizontally mounted between two uprights 310, and also employs a lead screw and nut transmission mechanism driven by a servo motor. The second sliding seat 321 is mounted on the lead screw and nut of the Y-axis displacement component 300, and can reciprocate in the Y direction. The stroke of the Y-axis displacement component 300 is preferably 150mm to 600mm.

[0040] The Z-axis displacement component 400 is vertically mounted on the second sliding seat 321 and uses a lead screw and nut transmission mechanism driven by a servo motor. The third sliding seat 411 is mounted on the lead screw and nut of the Z-axis displacement component 400 and can reciprocate in the Z direction (vertical direction). The stroke of the Z-axis displacement component 400 is preferably 100mm to 400mm.

[0041] The X-axis displacement assembly 200, Y-axis displacement assembly 300, and Z-axis displacement assembly 400 are all equipped with high-precision optical or magnetic grating rulers for displacement feedback to ensure positioning accuracy. The motion speed and acceleration of each axis can be set and adjusted by the CNC system according to the machining conditions.

[0042] Example 2: Angle Adjustment Component like Figure 2-4 As shown, the angle adjustment assembly 500 is fixed to the third sliding seat 411. The angle adjustment assembly 500 includes a positioning plate 510 and a worm gear reducer motor 520. The positioning plate 510 is fixed to the upper end face of the third sliding seat 411 by bolts, and the positioning plate 510 is provided with a mounting boss for mounting the worm gear reducer motor 520.

[0043] The worm gear reducer motor 520 includes a motor body, a worm, and a worm wheel. The output shaft of the motor body is fixedly connected to the worm, and the worm and worm wheel mesh for transmission. The output end of the worm wheel is fixedly connected to the fourth lead screw slide module 530. When the worm gear reducer motor 520 is energized, the reduction and torque amplification effect of the worm gear pair drives the fourth lead screw slide module 530 to deflect around the worm wheel axis in a vertical plane, with a deflection angle range of -45° to +45°.

[0044] The worm gear drive has a self-locking characteristic, meaning that after the motor is powered off, the fourth lead screw slide module 530 can maintain the current deflection angle without the need for an additional locking device, thus ensuring the stability of the angle position during monitoring.

[0045] A clamping component 610 is installed on the fourth sliding seat 531 of the fourth lead screw slide module 530. Through the fine-tuning feed of the fourth lead screw slide module 530, the clamping component 610 can be precisely adjusted in the deflection direction to adapt to the monitoring position requirements of different tools.

[0046] Example 3: Clamping component and sensor module like Figure 2-5As shown, the clamping member 610 is fixed to the fourth sliding seat 531 of the fourth lead screw slide module 530. The clamping member 610 includes a first half-ring fastening block 611, a second half-ring fastening block 612, and a fastening bolt 613.

[0047] The first semi-circular fastening block 611 and the second semi-circular fastening block 612 are both semi-circular arc structures, which, when engaged, form a complete annular clamping structure. Each end of the two semi-circular fastening blocks has a connecting lug, with bolt holes on the lug. The fastening bolt 613 passes through the bolt holes on the corresponding lugs of the two semi-circular fastening blocks and is then locked with a nut, fixing the clamping member 610 to the outer wall of the tool holder. Preferably, there are 2 to 4 sets of fastening bolts 613, evenly distributed along the circumference of the clamping member 610.

[0048] The clamping collar body 620 is fitted between the first half-ring fastening block 611 and the second half-ring fastening block 612. The clamping collar body 620 also adopts a split-type half-ring structure, consisting of a first half-ring and a second half-ring. An elastic damping layer 621 is provided on the inner wall of the clamping collar body 620. The elastic damping layer 621 is made of elastic materials such as rubber, polyurethane, or silicone, and its thickness is preferably 0.5mm to 2mm. The functions of the elastic damping layer 621 include: filling the gap between the clamping collar body 620 and the outer wall of the tool holder to ensure clamping reliability; absorbing and attenuating the vibration energy transmitted to the clamping collar during cutting, reducing the impact on the spindle dynamic balance; and avoiding rigid contact between the clamping collar body 620 and the tool holder to prevent damage to the tool holder surface.

[0049] A sensor module is embedded inside the clamping collar body 620. The sensor module includes a vibration sensor and a temperature sensor. The vibration sensor is preferably a piezoelectric accelerometer, with a measurement range preferably ±50g to ±500g and a frequency response range of 0.5Hz to 10kHz, effectively covering the main vibration frequency components during the cutting process. The temperature sensor is preferably a K-type thermocouple or a PT100 resistance temperature detector, with a measurement range preferably 0℃ to 200℃ and a measurement accuracy better than ±0.5℃.

[0050] The sensor probe 631 of the sensor module passes through the through hole on the first semi-ring fastening block 611 or the second semi-ring fastening block 612, and extends to the outer surface of the clamping member 610 to directly sense the vibration and temperature signals of the tool holder. A sealing ring is provided between the sensor probe 631 and the through hole to prevent cutting fluid from seeping into the interior of the clamping member along the probe.

[0051] The sensor module also includes a signal conditioning circuit, integrated on a circuit board inside the clamping collar body 620, used to amplify, filter, and perform analog-to-digital conversion on the raw signal output by the sensor. The signal conditioning circuit uses a low-noise amplifier and an active filter, and the filter cutoff frequency can be set according to the processing conditions (e.g., the low-pass filter cutoff frequency is set to 1kHz to 5kHz). The conditioned digital signal is transmitted to the host computer via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi wireless transmission module.

[0052] Example 4: Self-cleaning protective component like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the self-cleaning protective assembly 710 is mounted on the clamping member 610 and located outside the sensing probe 631. The self-cleaning protective assembly 710 includes a protective cover 711, a flip cover 712, a micro drive motor 713, and a wiping member 714.

[0053] The protective cover 711 is a box-shaped structure with an opening on one side, fixed to the outer wall of the clamping member 610 by bolts, and covers the outside of the sensing probe 631. The opening side of the protective cover 711 faces the sensing probe 631, and its internal space accommodates the sensing probe 631. The protective cover 711 is made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel, and its surface is treated with rust prevention to meet the corrosive requirements of the cutting environment.

[0054] The flip cover 712 is hinged to the top of the protective cover 711 via a hinge shaft. The flip cover 712 is an arc-shaped plate structure, and its shape matches the shape of the opening of the protective cover 711. When the flip cover 712 is flipped to the closed position, it covers the opening of the protective cover 711 and encloses the sensing probe 631 inside the protective cover 711.

[0055] A miniature drive motor 713 is mounted on one side of the protective cover 711, and its output end is connected to one end of the hinge shaft. The miniature drive motor 713 is preferably a miniature stepper motor or a miniature servo motor, characterized by its small size, high torque, and high control precision. The rotation angle of the miniature drive motor 713 is precisely controlled by a control unit to achieve precise flipping of the flip cover 712 between the open and closed positions. The preferred flipping angle range is 0° to 120°.

[0056] The wiping element 714 is fixed to the side of the flip cover 712 facing the sensor probe 631. The wiping element 714 is made of a wear-resistant, oil-absorbing flexible material, such as non-woven fabric, felt, or sponge. When the flip cover 712 is flipped by the micro drive motor 713, the wiping element 714 slides relative to the surface of the sensor probe 631, thereby wiping away cutting fluid, oil, and fine chips adhering to the surface of the sensor probe 631.

[0057] The wiping component 714 is preferably designed as a detachable and replaceable structure, for example, by being fixedly connected to the flip cover 712 by Velcro or clips, which facilitates regular replacement and ensures cleaning effectiveness.

[0058] The working sequence of the self-cleaning protective component 710 is uniformly controlled by the control unit: when monitoring data needs to be collected, the control unit first sends an opening command to the micro drive motor 713, and the flip cover 712 flips from the closed position to the open position. During this process, the wiping component 714 wipes and cleans the sensor probe 631. After the data collection is completed, the control unit sends a closing command to the micro drive motor 713, and the flip cover 712 flips from the open position back to the closed position, covering the sensor probe 631 again.

[0059] Example 5: Cleaning Media Supply Box like Figure 4 As shown, the cleaning medium supply tank 720 is mounted on the fourth sliding seat 531 and moves together with the fourth sliding seat 531. The cleaning medium supply tank 720 is a sealed box structure, and the box is provided with a medium input interface and an output interface.

[0060] When the cleaning medium supply box 720 is used to store compressed air (i.e., as an air blowing box), its input interface is connected to an external compressed air source (such as a workshop compressed air pipeline or an independent air compressor) via an air pipe, and its output interface is connected to the delivery pipe 721. A pressure regulating valve and a filter device can be installed inside the box to regulate the output air pressure and filter moisture and impurities in the compressed air. The output air pressure is preferably 0.3 MPa to 0.8 MPa.

[0061] When the cleaning medium supply box 720 is used to store a mixture of compressed air and a small amount of lubricating oil (i.e., an aerosol supply box), an oil mist generator is installed inside the box. Compressed air flows through the oil mist generator, carrying a small amount of lubricating oil, forming an aerosol mixture that is output from the output port. The lubricating oil content in the aerosol mixture is preferably 5 mL / h to 30 mL / h, and can be adjusted according to the processing conditions.

[0062] One end of the delivery pipe 721 is connected to the output interface of the cleaning medium supply box 720, and the other end (outlet) faces downwards from the clamping member 610, i.e., towards the tool or machining area. The delivery pipe 721 is a flexible, shape-adjustable metal hose or a segmented rigid pipe. The flexible metal hose (such as a gooseneck tube) has good flexibility and shaping ability, and the operator can manually adjust the outlet direction and position of the delivery pipe 721 according to actual needs, and the shape can be maintained after adjustment. The segmented rigid pipe is composed of several rigid pipes connected by universal joints or ball joints, and the direction can also be adjusted.

[0063] A nozzle can be installed at the outlet end of the delivery pipe 721 to optimize the spray direction and spray pattern. The nozzle is preferably a flat fan-shaped nozzle or a circular nozzle, and the spray angle can be selected from 15° to 60° as needed.

[0064] The spraying action of the cleaning medium supply box 720 is also controlled by the control unit. It is usually synchronized with or slightly delayed (preferably 0.5s to 2s) the opening action of the flip cover 712. That is, after the flip cover 712 is opened, the cleaning medium supply box 720 starts spraying to clean the processing area.

[0065] Example 6: Positioning Component like Figure 6 As shown, the positioning assembly 800 is mounted on the base frame 100 and is used to position and fix the workpiece to be processed. The positioning assembly 800 includes a bearing plate 810, a long slide rail 811, a positioning post 820, a sliding block 821, a clamping plate 830, and a locking nut 831.

[0066] The support plate 810 is disposed above the base frame 100 and is used to support the workpiece to be processed. The base frame 100 is provided with a support plate 110, the upper surface of which is a sliding mating surface. The support plate 810 is provided with a long slide rail 811, which is an oblong through groove extending along the length of the support plate 810.

[0067] The positioning post 820 is a threaded post that passes through the long slide rail 811. A sliding block 821 is fixed to the bottom of the positioning post 820, and the lower surface of the sliding block 821 slides in contact with the upper surface of the support plate 110. The cross-sectional shape of the sliding block 821 matches the cross-sectional shape of the long slide rail 811 to ensure that the positioning post 820 does not deflect when sliding in the long slide rail 811.

[0068] The clamping plate 830 is fitted onto the middle section of the positioning post 820, located above the bearing plate 810. The clamping plate 830 has an arc-shaped plate structure, and its lower surface is provided with anti-slip texture or equipped with anti-slip pads to enhance the reliability of clamping the workpiece.

[0069] The locking nut 831 is threaded to the top of the positioning pin 820. After the workpiece to be processed is placed on the support plate 810, the operator slides the positioning pin 820 along the long slide rail 811 to a suitable position (usually the four corners of the workpiece), and then tightens the locking nut 831. During the tightening process, the locking nut 831 moves downward, pushing the pressure plate 830 downward to press the workpiece, thereby firmly fixing the workpiece to the support plate 810.

[0070] The number of positioning posts 820 is preferably four, corresponding to the four corners of the workpiece, to achieve uniform clamping. The number of long slides 811 is preferably two, with two positioning posts 820 passing through each long slide 811. The four positioning posts 820 can slide independently to accommodate workpieces of different shapes and sizes.

[0071] Example 7: Control and Timing The device of the present invention also includes a control unit (not shown in the figure), which is disposed inside the clamping collar body 620 or independently disposed outside the device. The control unit is electrically connected to the micro drive motor 713, the control valve of the cleaning medium supply tank 720, and the sensor module, and is used to control the operation timing of the self-cleaning protection component 710 and the data acquisition timing of the sensor module.

[0072] The sequence of a complete "cleaning-collection-protection" work cycle is as follows: Step S1 (Protection State): During non-monitoring periods, the flip cover 712 is in the closed position, covering the sensor probe 631, the cleaning medium supply box 720 is in the closed state, and the sensor module is in the standby state.

[0073] Step S2 (Open Cleaning): When the preset monitoring time point is reached, the control unit sends an opening command to the micro drive motor 713, and the flip cover 712 flips from the closed position to the open position. During the flipping process, the wiping component 714 wipes and cleans the surface of the sensor probe 631. The flipping action duration is preferably 0.5s to 2s.

[0074] Step S3 (Jet Purging): After the flip cover 712 reaches the open position, the control unit sends an opening command to the control valve of the cleaning medium supply tank 720. The cleaning medium supply tank 720 begins to spray compressed gas and / or aerosol mixture into the tool or machining area through the delivery pipe 721 to remove chips and cutting fluid from the machining area. The spraying duration is preferably 1s to 5s.

[0075] Step S4 (Data Acquisition): After spraying is completed (or during spraying), the control unit sends an acquisition command to the sensor module. The sensor module begins to acquire vibration signals and / or temperature signals, with the acquisition duration preferably between 2 and 10 seconds. The acquired signals are conditioned and then transmitted to the host computer via a wireless transmission module.

[0076] Step S5 (Close Protection): After data acquisition is completed, the control unit sends a closing command to the control valve of the cleaning medium supply tank 720 to stop spraying; then it sends a closing command to the micro drive motor 713, causing the flip cover 712 to flip back from the open position to the closed position, re-covering the sensor probe 631. The cycle time of the entire working cycle is preferably 5s to 30s, which can be adjusted by the control unit according to the processing conditions.

[0077] The timing control logic provided by this invention ensures that the sensor probe 631 is effectively cleaned before each data acquisition and is reliably protected during non-acquisition periods, fundamentally solving the problem of sensor probe contamination.

[0078] Example 8: Complete Description of the Working Process The complete working process of the device of the present invention will be described below with reference to a specific application scenario.

[0079] Suppose that on a CNC machining center, online monitoring of tool wear is required during the milling process of a batch of workpieces. The operator performs the following steps: Step 1, Device Installation: Fasten the first half-ring fastening block 611 and the second half-ring fastening block 612 of the clamping member 610 against the outer wall of the tool holder, insert the fastening bolt 613, and tighten. The elastic damping layer 621 on the inner wall of the clamping collar body 620 fits tightly against the outer wall of the tool holder, ensuring clamping reliability while reducing the impact on dynamic balance.

[0080] The second step is workpiece positioning: Place the workpiece to be processed on the support plate 810, slide the four positioning pins 820 along the long slide rail 811 to the four corners of the workpiece, tighten the locking nut 831, and press and fix the workpiece by the pressure plate 830.

[0081] The third step is position adjustment: The X-axis displacement component 200, Y-axis displacement component 300, and Z-axis displacement component 400 are controlled by the CNC system to move the clamping component 610 to the target monitoring position. The fourth lead screw slide module 530 is driven to deflect by the worm gear reducer motor 520 to adjust the monitoring angle to the optimal position.

[0082] Step 4: Start Processing and Monitoring: Initiate cutting. The control unit automatically executes the "cleaning-acquisition-protection" cycle according to a preset sequence. At the beginning of each monitoring cycle, the flip cover 712 opens, the wiping component 714 cleans the sensor probe 631; the cleaning medium supply box 720 sprays compressed air to purge the processing area; the sensor module collects vibration and temperature signals; after the data collection is completed, the flip cover 712 closes, and the system enters the protection state.

[0083] The fifth step is data analysis: The host computer receives the wirelessly transmitted signal data and comprehensively judges the wear status of the tool by analyzing the changing trends of vibration characteristics (such as time-domain amplitude and frequency-domain main frequency shift) and temperature characteristics. When the wear level reaches a preset threshold, the system issues an alarm, and the operator replaces the tool in a timely manner.

[0084] During the above process, the sensor probe 631 is cleaned before each data acquisition and protected during non-data acquisition periods, effectively avoiding long-term contamination by cutting fluid and chips, and ensuring the accuracy of monitoring data and the service life of the sensor.

[0085] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tool wear monitoring device with self-cleaning function, characterized in that, include: Base frame (100); The X-axis displacement assembly (200) is mounted on the base frame (100) and has a pair of synchronously moving first sliding seats (211). The uprights (310) are vertically fixed to the two first sliding seats (211); The Y-axis displacement assembly (300) is laterally mounted between the two uprights (310) and has a second sliding seat (321). Z-direction displacement assembly (400) is vertically mounted on the second sliding seat (321), which has a third sliding seat (411). An angle adjustment component (500) is fixed on the third sliding seat (411), and its output end is connected to the fourth lead screw slide module (530). The clamping member (610) is fixed on the fourth sliding seat (531) of the fourth lead screw slide module (530) and is used to clamp the tool holder; The clamping member (610) includes a first half-ring fastening block (611) and a second half-ring fastening block (612) that are fastened to each other by fastening bolts (613), and a clamping collar body (620) embedded between the two. A sensor module is installed inside the clamping collar body (620), and the sensing probe (631) of the sensor module extends to the outer surface of the clamping member (610). A self-cleaning protective component (710) is mounted on the clamp (610) and located on the outside of the sensing probe (631) for cleaning and protecting the sensing probe (631). A cleaning medium supply box (720) is installed on the fourth sliding seat (531). The inside is used to store or receive compressed gas and / or liquid medium. The output end of the cleaning medium supply box (720) is connected to a delivery pipe (721). The outlet of the delivery pipe (721) faces downwards from the clamp (610) and is used to spray medium onto the tool or processing area. The control unit is electrically connected to the control valve of the self-cleaning protection component (710), the cleaning medium supply tank (720), and the sensor module. It is used to control the self-cleaning protection component (710) to perform cleaning and protection actions according to a preset timing sequence, and to control the medium spraying of the cleaning medium supply tank (720) to realize the cycle of cleaning the sensor probe (631) before collecting data and performing protection after data collection. The positioning component (800) is mounted on the base frame (100) and is used to position and fix the workpiece to be processed.

2. The tool wear monitoring device with self-cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle adjustment assembly (500) includes a positioning plate (510) fixed on the third sliding seat (411) and a worm gear reducer motor (520) mounted on the positioning plate (510). The output end of the worm gear reducer motor (520) is fixedly connected to the fourth lead screw slide module (530) to drive the fourth lead screw slide module (530) to deflect in the vertical plane.

3. The tool wear monitoring device with self-cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The self-cleaning protective component (710) includes: The protective cover (711) is fixed to the clamping member (610); A flip cover (712) is hinged to the top of the protective cover (711) via a hinge shaft; A micro drive motor (713) is electrically connected to the control unit, and its output end is connected to the hinge shaft for driving the flip cover (712) to flip between a closed position covering the sensing probe (631) and an open position exposing the sensing probe (631). A wiping element (714) is fixed to the side of the flip cover (712) facing the sensor probe (631). The wiping element (714) is made of a flexible material and is used to contact the surface of the sensor probe (631) and generate relative sliding during the flipping of the flip cover (712) to wipe the surface of the sensor probe (631).

4. The tool wear monitoring device with self-cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning component (800) includes: A support plate (810) is disposed above the base frame (100); The base frame (100) is provided with a support plate (110); A long slide (811) is provided on the support plate (810); Multiple positioning posts (820) are inserted into the long slide rail (811); A sliding block (821) is fixed to the bottom of the positioning post (820). The sliding block (821) is located below the bearing plate (810) and slides in cooperation with the upper surface of the support plate (110) to guide and slide along the support plate (110). A clamping plate (830) is fitted onto the middle section of the positioning post (820); A locking nut (831) is threaded to the top of the positioning post (820) and is used to tighten downwards to drive the pressure plate (830) to press the workpiece.

5. The tool wear monitoring device with self-cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The X-axis displacement assembly (200), Y-axis displacement assembly (300) and Z-axis displacement assembly (400) are all lead screw and nut transmission mechanisms.

6. The tool wear monitoring device with self-cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the clamping collar body (620) is provided with an elastic damping layer (621).

7. The tool wear monitoring device with self-cleaning function according to claim 6, characterized in that, The thickness of the elastic damping layer (621) is 0.5 mm to 2 mm.

8. The tool wear monitoring device with self-cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor module includes a vibration sensor and / or a temperature sensor.

9. The tool wear monitoring device with self-cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The delivery pipe (721) is a flexible, shape-adjustable metal hose or a segmented rigid pipe.

10. The tool wear monitoring device with self-cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The medium in the cleaning medium supply box (720) is compressed air, and the cleaning medium supply box (720) is an air blowing box; or the medium in the cleaning medium supply box (720) is a mixture of compressed air and a small amount of lubricating oil, and the cleaning medium supply box (720) is an aerosol supply box.

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