An acoustic guide sensor for lubrication monitoring of a check valve and a method of installing the same

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of mechanical equipment state monitoring, and discloses a sound guide sensor for lubrication monitoring of a check valve and a mounting method thereof. The sound guide sensor comprises a shell, a sound guide cavity, a sound collecting element and a filling material. The shell is in the shape of a fan ring column, and the inner arc surface of the shell is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the check valve body. The sound guide cavity is arranged in the shell, one end of the sound guide cavity is close to the check valve body, and the other end of the sound guide cavity extends along the tangential direction of the circumference of the outer periphery of the check valve body. The sound collecting element is arranged at the end of the sound guide cavity which is far away from the check valve body. The filling material is arranged in the sound guide sensor and located outside the sound guide cavity. The mounting method comprises the following steps: determining the mounting area and the tangential direction of the outer periphery, placing the sound guide sensor, fixing the sound guide sensor and electrically connecting the sound collecting element. The application can improve the receiving intensity of early lubrication abnormal sound signals, weaken the interference of field noise and operation impact vibration on the collecting results, and improve the stability and accuracy of the lubrication monitoring of the check valve.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of mechanical equipment condition monitoring technology, and more specifically, to a sound-guided sensor for monitoring the lubrication of a backstop and its installation method. Background Technology

[0002] Backstops are widely used in conveyors, elevators, and speed reduction transmission systems. Their main function is to lock the device in time when it tends to move in the opposite direction, preventing the transmission mechanism from reversing. Backstops typically contain contacting or meshing components such as rollers, wedges, pawls, raceways, and bearings. These components require good lubrication during operation to reduce frictional resistance and wear between the contact pairs. Insufficient lubrication, a thin oil film, oil deterioration, or the presence of abrasive particles in the oil can easily lead to increased friction between the rollers, wedges, or raceways, resulting in delayed locking action, localized jamming, increased locking impact, and abnormal wear on the contact surfaces. In severe cases, this can affect the reliability of the backstop's anti-reverse function. Therefore, online monitoring of the backstop's lubrication status is crucial for early detection of oil film damage, abnormal friction, and wear risks.

[0003] Current methods for monitoring the condition of check valves primarily include vibration monitoring, temperature monitoring, manual inspection, or oil level testing. Vibration monitoring can detect mechanical anomalies such as locking impact, structural loosening, and bearing damage, but it is not sensitive to minor friction, rubbing, and stick-slip noises caused by insufficient lubrication in the early stages. Temperature monitoring typically has a certain lag, only readily detecting anomalies when frictional heating is significant. Manual inspection relies on personnel experience and is difficult to implement continuously. Oil level testing can reflect oil contamination or abrasive particles, but it usually requires sampling and analysis, lacking real-time capability and ease of installation. Therefore, existing monitoring methods still have limitations in identifying early lubrication anomalies in check valves.

[0004] Sound monitoring offers advantages such as convenient external installation, simple structure, and sensitivity to early friction noises. When a backstop experiences insufficient lubrication, oil film damage, or stick-slip friction, high-frequency friction sounds, continuous rubbing sounds, hissing sounds, or sharp whistling sounds may be generated between the contact pairs of rollers, wedges, or raceways. These sound characteristics often appear before obvious vibrations or temperature rises and can serve as early monitoring evidence of lubrication abnormalities. However, backstops are usually installed near equipment such as motors, reducers, conveyor belts, and frames, where ambient noise is high. Ordinary sound sensors easily collect motor noise, wind noise, transmission noise, and personnel operation noise simultaneously, causing the sound characteristics of lubrication abnormalities to be submerged. Furthermore, backstops may generate strong impact sounds and housing vibrations during locking or load fluctuations. These interference signals have large amplitudes and easily enter the sound sensor, affecting the identification of early lubrication abnormality sound characteristics. If the sound sensor is installed in a conventional external manner, its acquisition results are also easily affected by the installation position, fit, and operating vibrations, leading to significant fluctuations in the sound signal acquired under the same lubrication conditions.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a sound sensor and its installation method for monitoring the lubrication of check valves, so as to stably acquire abnormal lubrication sound signals, reduce on-site noise and operational shock interference, and improve the stability and accuracy of check valve lubrication status monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a sound sensor for monitoring the lubrication of a check valve and its installation method, thereby solving the problem of the difficulty in stably acquiring the sound signal of early lubrication abnormalities in the check valve in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: This application provides a sound-guiding sensor for monitoring the lubrication of a check valve, including a housing, a sound-guiding cavity, and a sound-collecting element. The housing has an overall fan-shaped annular columnar structure, with its inner arc surface fitting against the outer circumferential surface of the check valve body. A sound-guiding cavity is provided inside the housing, with one end of the cavity close to the check valve body and the curved surface of the port having the same curvature as the inner arc surface of the housing. The other end extends tangentially along the outer circumference of the check valve body. The sound-collecting element is located at the end of the sound-guiding cavity away from the check valve body, with its inlet facing the interior of the sound-guiding cavity. The sound-guiding sensor also includes a filling material disposed in the external space of the sound-guiding cavity.

[0008] This application provides a fan-shaped annular cylindrical outer shell that fits against the outer circumference of the backstop body, and forms a sound-guiding cavity extending tangentially along the outer circumference of the backstop body within the outer shell. When the backstop experiences insufficient lubrication, thinning of the oil film, or stick-slip friction, abnormal acoustic vibrations are first generated in the contact areas of the contact pairs such as rollers, wedges, and raceways. Due to the relative motion or micro-slippage between these contact pairs, the friction excitation is not simply generated radially along the shell, but rather forms a tangential friction excitation along the direction of relative motion of the contact pairs. This tangential friction excitation is transmitted to the outer circumferential surface through the backstop body, forming an acoustic vibration component related to the circumferential direction on the outer circumferential surface. The curved surface of the sound-guiding cavity near the backstop body has the same curvature as the inner arc surface of the outer shell. This allows the outer circumference of the backstop body to close the port after the sound-guiding sensor is installed, forming a sound-guiding space in conjunction with the sound-guiding cavity. The other end of the sound-guiding cavity extends tangentially along the outer circumference of the backstop body, aligning its sound-guiding direction with the transmission direction of tangential frictional vibrations caused by lubrication abnormalities. This allows for more effective reception and guidance of such target sound signals. The sound inlet of the sound acquisition element faces into the sound-guiding cavity, directly receiving sound pressure changes caused by tangential vibrations within the cavity. Simultaneously, the filling material placed in the external space of the sound-guiding cavity weakens the direct transmission of locking impacts, radial vibrations of the shell, and external environmental noise to the sound acquisition element. Therefore, this application enhances the target sound input through a sound-guiding path adapted to the direction of lubrication abnormality vibrations and suppresses non-target interference signals through the filling material. This makes the sound signal obtained by the sound acquisition element more reflective of the backstop's lubrication abnormality, improving the stability and accuracy of lubrication monitoring.

[0009] Furthermore, the sound-guiding cavity is designed with a tapered structure along its extension direction, with the cross-sectional area of ​​the end of the sound-guiding cavity near the backstop body being larger than that of the end near the sound acquisition element. By designing the sound-guiding cavity with a tapered structure, the end near the backstop body has a larger sound signal entry cross-section, which can expand the sound pressure action area formed by the interaction with the outer peripheral surface of the backstop, making it easier for the frictional sound vibration transmitted from the outer peripheral surface to enter the sound-guiding cavity; the end near the sound acquisition element has a smaller cross-sectional area, which can concentrate the sound pressure changes entering the cavity during sound transmission, making the sound pressure changes act more concentrated on the sound inlet area of ​​the sound acquisition element, reducing the energy loss caused by the dispersion of sound propagation within the cavity.

[0010] Furthermore, a corrugated sheet is installed at the end of the sound-guiding cavity near the backstop body. The corrugated sheet has the same shape as the port, and its corrugation extends in the circumferential direction of the backstop body. With the corrugated sheet installed at the end of the sound-guiding cavity near the backstop body, the corrugated sheet can elastically respond to the minute acoustic vibrations on the outer circumferential surface of the backstop body, converting these minute deformations into changes in air pressure within the sound-guiding cavity. The corrugation extension direction being set to the circumferential direction of the backstop body gives the corrugated sheet better adaptability to acoustic vibrations, enhancing the conversion efficiency of tangential frictional acoustic vibrations into changes in sound pressure within the sound-guiding cavity.

[0011] Furthermore, the sound-guiding cavity is connected to a vent pipe, which is connected to an inflation device and equipped with a valve. This configuration allows for the regulation of the air pressure within the sound-guiding cavity via the vent pipe. After the inflation device fills the sound-guiding cavity with gas, the valve maintains the cavity at a set pressure, causing the corrugated sheet to slightly bulge or pre-tension. This improves the consistency and repeatability of the corrugated sheet's response to tangential acoustic vibration signals generated by insufficient lubrication, oil film damage, or stick-slip friction.

[0012] Furthermore, multiple micro-protrusions are spaced apart on the outer surface of the sound-guiding cavity sidewall, and these micro-protrusions are embedded in the filling material. After the multiple micro-protrusions are embedded in the filling material, the contact between the sound-guiding cavity sidewall and the filling material is not just planar, but forms a contact interface with mechanical interlocking, so that some vibration energy is dissipated at the interface; at the same time, the micro-protrusions can limit the filling material from debonding, hollowing, or slipping relative to the sound-guiding cavity sidewall, so that the sound-guiding cavity maintains a relatively stable external support state during long-term use.

[0013] Furthermore, the filling material includes a flexible layer, a damping layer, and a support layer. The flexible layer is close to the backstop body, the support layer is close to the outer surface of the sound-guiding cavity sidewall, and the damping layer is located between the flexible layer and the support layer, and between the support layer and the outer shell. Through this arrangement, the flexible layer compensates for the fitting gap of the sound-guiding sensor near the backstop body, the support layer maintains the shape and extension direction of the sound-guiding cavity on the outer sidewall, and the damping layer is respectively positioned between the flexible layer and the support layer, and between the support layer and the outer shell, to dissipate the radial vibration energy transmitted from the backstop body outside the sound-guiding cavity.

[0014] Furthermore, the inner arc surface of the outer shell is provided with pressure-bearing parts at both ends along the axial direction of the backstop body. After the inner arc surface of the outer shell is provided with pressure-bearing parts at both ends along the axial direction of the backstop body, it can form a stable support on both sides of the axial direction, so that the inner arc surface of the outer shell remains in contact with the outer circumference of the backstop when it is pressed and fixed, and reduces the local deformation caused by the clamping force directly acting on the sound guide cavity port or the corrugated sheet.

[0015] This application also proposes a method for installing a sound-guided sensor for monitoring the lubrication of a check valve, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Determine the installation area on the outer surface of the backstop body corresponding to the location of the lubrication friction sound and vibration transmission position, and determine the outer peripheral tangent direction of the backstop body. S2. Place the sound sensor in the installation area, so that the inner arc surface of the sound sensor matches the outer circumferential surface of the backstop body, and make the sound-guiding cavity extend tangentially along the circumference of the backstop body. S3. Press and fix the sound sensor to the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body using fasteners to ensure a tight fit between the two. S4. Electrically connect the sound acquisition element to the signal processing module to complete the installation of the sound sensor.

[0016] The installation method of this application first determines the installation area corresponding to the transmission position of lubrication friction sound vibration on the outer surface of the backstop body. This allows the sound guiding sensor to be placed in the area where abnormal friction sound vibration from contact pairs such as rollers, wedges, or raceways is concentrated on the outer periphery of the backstop body, preventing the installation position from deviating from the transmission path of the target sound source. Next, the tangential direction of the outer periphery of the backstop body is determined, and the sound guiding cavity extends tangentially along the circumference of the backstop body when placing the sound guiding sensor. This ensures that the extension direction of the sound guiding cavity corresponds to the tangential friction excitation direction initially formed by insufficient lubrication, oil film damage, or stick-slip friction, making it easier for the target sound vibration transmitted to the outer periphery of the backstop to enter and propagate along the sound guiding cavity. After the sound guiding sensor is pressed and fixed to the outer periphery of the backstop body using fasteners, the inner arc surface of the sound guiding sensor remains in close contact with the outer periphery of the backstop body, reducing the impact of gap changes at the port on sound pressure transmission. Finally, the sound acquisition element is electrically connected to the signal processing module, enabling the sound signal guided by the sound guiding cavity to be acquired, transmitted, and processed. Therefore, this installation method, through the selection of the target sound source location, tangential direction calibration, and tight clamping fixation, enables the sound sensor to form a stable input path for abnormal lubrication sound in the installed state.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S1, the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body is roughened within the installation area. Roughening the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body increases the contact friction between the sound sensor and the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body, making the sound sensor less prone to positional displacement due to vibration during backstop operation after the fixing component is tightened.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S3, the fasteners are a first clamp and a second clamp spaced apart along the axial direction of the backstop body. This arrangement creates a distributed pressing effect on both sides of the sound sensor along the axial direction, reducing warping, deflection, or local loosening caused by single-point pressing, and ensuring that the inner arc surface of the sound sensor maintains a relatively uniform fit along the axial direction.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The sound-guiding sensor of the present invention adopts a fan-shaped cylindrical shell that fits against the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body, and a sound-guiding cavity extending tangentially along the outer peripheral circumference of the backstop body is provided in the shell. The sound-guiding cavity cooperates with the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body and maintains a relatively closed sound-guiding state, so that the frictional sound vibration generated by insufficient lubrication, thinning of oil film or stick-slip friction is guided to the sound acquisition element along the sound-guiding cavity. At the same time, the filling material is set in the external space of the sound-guiding cavity, which can weaken the direct interference of radial impact vibration, shell vibration transmission and external environmental noise on the sound acquisition element, so that the signal obtained by the sound acquisition element reflects the abnormal lubrication state of the backstop more concentratedly.

[0020] (2) The installation method of the present invention determines the installation area corresponding to the transmission position of lubrication friction sound vibration on the outer surface of the backstop body, and during installation, the sound guiding cavity extends tangentially along the circumference of the backstop body, and then the sound guiding sensor is pressed and fixed on the outer circumferential surface of the backstop body by the fastener, so that the installation position, sound guiding direction and contact state of the sound guiding sensor are matched with the transmission path of abnormal lubrication sound, reducing the fluctuation of the acquisition signal caused by installation position deviation, direction deviation or loose contact, thereby improving the stability and reliability of backstop lubrication sound monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sound-guided sensor for monitoring the lubrication of a check valve, provided by the present invention. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the filling material for a sound-conducting sensor used for monitoring the lubrication of a check valve, provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure-bearing part of a sound-conducting sensor for monitoring the lubrication of a check valve, provided by the present invention. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the acoustic cavity structure of another acoustic sensor for monitoring the lubrication of a check valve provided by the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the acoustic cavity structure of another acoustic sensor for monitoring the lubrication of a check valve provided by the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the installation method of a sound-guided sensor for monitoring the lubrication of a check valve, as provided by the present invention.

[0022] Icons: 1-Backstop body; 2-Outer shell; 3-Sound guiding cavity; 4-Sound acquisition element; 5-Filling material; 51-Flexible layer; 52-Damping layer; 53-Supporting layer; 6-Micro protrusion; 7-Pressure bearing part; 8-Corrugated sheet. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the implementation process of this invention clearer, a detailed description will be provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Example 1:

[0025] This invention provides a sound-guided sensor for monitoring the lubrication of a check valve, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a housing 2, a sound-guiding cavity 3, and a sound-collecting element 4. The housing 2 has a fan-shaped annular columnar structure, with its inner arc surface fitting against the outer circumferential surface of the backstop body 1. The sound-guiding cavity 3 is provided inside the housing 2. One end of the sound-guiding cavity 3 is close to the backstop body 1, and the curved surface where the port is located has the same curvature as the inner arc surface of the housing 2. The other end extends tangentially along the outer circumference of the backstop body 1. The sound-collecting element 4 is located at the end of the sound-guiding cavity 3 away from the backstop body 1, and the sound inlet faces the inside of the sound-guiding cavity 3. The sound-guiding sensor also includes a filling material 5, which is located in the external space of the sound-guiding cavity 3.

[0026] The housing 2 of the sound-conducting sensor is an arc-shaped block structure with a certain length along the axial direction of the backstop body 1, and its cross-section perpendicular to the axial direction of the backstop body 1 is fan-shaped. The housing 2 includes an inner arc surface facing the backstop body 1, an outer arc surface facing away from the backstop body 1, and two fan-shaped annular surfaces and two side surfaces connecting the inner and outer arc surfaces. The radius of curvature of the inner arc surface is determined according to the outer circumferential radius of the mounting area of ​​the backstop body 1, so that the inner arc surface can fit tightly against the outer circumferential surface of the backstop body 1 in the circumferential direction. The inner arc surface is open in whole, and a mesh structure is provided on the arc surface to define a sound inlet opening corresponding to the port contour of the sound-conducting cavity 3 near the end of the backstop body 1. Fine wires are provided around the sound inlet opening and connected to the housing 2, and are bent according to the arc contour of the inner arc surface, so that after the sound-conducting sensor is installed on the outer circumferential surface of the backstop body 1, the outer circumferential surface of the backstop body 1 can cover the opening of the inner arc surface. The housing 2 is made of aluminum alloy, stainless steel or engineering plastic to reduce the additional load on the backstop body 1 while ensuring overall rigidity and installation strength; in cases where improved impact resistance is required, the housing 2 is preferably made of metal.

[0027] The sound-guiding cavity 3 is located inside the outer shell 2, and its sidewalls are continuous walls forming a sound propagation channel. The sidewalls of the sound-guiding cavity 3 are made of thin-walled metal or rigid engineering plastic to ensure that the sound-guiding cavity 3 maintains a stable cavity shape under the coverage of the filling material 5. The sound-guiding cavity 3 is generally a long cylindrical shape along its extension direction, and its cross-section is square, circular, or approximately elliptical. The end of the sound-guiding cavity 3 closest to the backstop body 1 is the sound inlet end. The end face of the sound inlet end is inclined relative to the extension direction of the sound-guiding cavity 3 and forms an arc-shaped port with the same curvature as the inner arc surface of the outer shell 2. The arc-shaped port corresponds to the sound inlet opening on the inner arc surface, and the periphery of the arc-shaped port is fixedly connected to the periphery of the sound inlet opening. After the sound-guiding sensor is attached and installed, the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body 1 covers the inner arc surface of the outer shell 2, so that the sound inlet end forms a sound inlet interface facing the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body 1. The end of the sound-guiding cavity 3 furthest from the backstop body 1 is the acquisition end, which is used to install the sound acquisition element 4. The sound-guiding cavity 3 extends tangentially from the sound inlet end along the outer circumference of the backstop body 1 to the acquisition end, so that the lubrication friction sound vibration transmitted by the outer circumferential surface of the backstop body 1 can enter the sound-guiding cavity 3 through the sound inlet end and propagate along the sound-guiding cavity 3 to the acquisition end, thereby forming a sound-guiding path that matches the transmission direction of the lubrication friction sound vibration.

[0028] The sound acquisition element 4 is disposed at the acquisition end of the sound-guiding cavity 3, preferably using an electret acoustic sensor. The acquisition end has a mounting hole or mounting base that matches the shape of the electret acoustic sensor. The electret acoustic sensor is embedded in the mounting hole or mounting base, with its inlet facing the interior of the sound-guiding cavity 3 and opposite to the sound propagation channel of the sound-guiding cavity 3, so as to receive the sound pressure changes transmitted from the inlet end and propagating along the sound-guiding cavity 3. A sealing ring, sealant, or clamping sleeve is provided between the outer periphery of the electret acoustic sensor and the acquisition end. This sealing ring, sealant, or clamping sleeve serves two purposes: firstly, to limit the loosening of the electret acoustic sensor relative to the acquisition end, and secondly, to seal the assembly gap between the outer periphery of the electret acoustic sensor and the acquisition end, ensuring that the acquisition end remains relatively closed after the electret acoustic sensor is installed, reducing the entry of external airborne noise, dust, or stray sound from the acquisition end into the sound-guiding cavity 3. The side of the electret acoustic sensor facing away from the sound-guiding cavity 3 is electrically connected to the signal processing module via a lead wire, which exits through a wire hole provided on the outer casing 2. The electret acoustic sensor is used to convert the sound pressure change in the acoustic cavity 3 into an electrical signal and output the electrical signal to the signal processing module for subsequent judgment of the lubrication status of the check valve.

[0029] The filling material 5 is disposed inside the outer shell 2 and located outside the sound-guiding cavity 3. The filling material 5 does not fill the interior of the sound-guiding cavity 3 to avoid affecting the sound propagation path within the cavity. Specifically, the filling material 5 fills the space between the inner wall of the outer shell 2 and the outer periphery of the backstop body 1, and is arranged around the sound-guiding cavity 3, providing stable support for the cavity within the outer shell 2. Figure 2As shown, the filling material 5 includes a flexible layer 51, a damping layer 52, and a support layer 53. The flexible layer 51 is located near the backstop body 1 and is made of silicone rubber, polyurethane elastomer, or other flexible sealing materials. It is used to compensate for the small fitting gap between the inner arc surface of the outer shell 2 and the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body 1, and to reduce the local stress concentration caused by rigid contact. The support layer 53 is located near the outer surface of the side wall of the sound-guiding cavity 3 and is made of hard rubber, hard plastic, or foam support material. It is used to support the side wall of the sound-guiding cavity 3, so that the sound-guiding cavity 3 maintains a stable shape under compression and long-term vibration. The damping layer 52 is located between the flexible layer 51 and the support layer 53 and between the support layer 53 and the outer shell 2. It is made of damping rubber, butyl rubber, or viscoelastic damping material. It is used to dissipate non-target vibrations transmitted from the backstop body 1, the outer shell 2, or the fixing parts. The aforementioned filling material 5 forms a composite structure on the outside of the sound-guiding cavity 3, which provides flexible fit, stable support, and damping vibration isolation. This enables the sound-guiding cavity 3 to maintain a relatively stable sound-guiding path and reduces radial impact vibration and external environmental noise from being directly transmitted to the sound acquisition element 4.

[0030] In this embodiment, the filling material 5 is prepared using a radial layered infusion method. During preparation, the outer shell 2 is first placed on the positioning mold, so that the inner arc surface of the outer shell 2 fits against the arc-shaped positioning surface of the positioning mold. The collecting end of the sound-guiding cavity 3 is positioned by a temporary positioning component. The temporary positioning component is removed or dissolved after the filling material 5 has solidified to avoid forming a connecting channel between the sound-guiding cavity 3 and the outer shell 2, thereby reducing the transmission of non-target vibrations or external sounds along the positioning structure to the sound-guiding cavity 3. The temporary positioning component is made of plastic positioning rod, resin wire, soluble support wire, or low-melting-point positioning material, so that the sound-guiding cavity 3 maintains a predetermined tangential extension position during the infusion process. Before infusion, a temporary plug or shielding film is used to seal the sound inlet and collecting end of the sound-guiding cavity 3 to prevent the fluid filling material 5 from entering the interior of the sound-guiding cavity 3. During the filling process, a flexible layer 51 is first poured into the side near the inner arc surface of the outer shell 2. The flexible layer 51 covers the area on the inner arc surface except for the sound inlet opening and wraps around the mesh structure set on the inner arc surface. Its thickness is preferably 1-2 mm, so that it can compensate for the small fitting gap between the sound sensor and the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body 1. After the flexible layer 51 has cured, a baffle mold corresponding to the direction of the sound-guiding cavity 3 is set on the outside of the sound-guiding cavity 3. A forming space is formed between the baffle mold and the outer wall of the sound-guiding cavity 3. Then, support material is poured into this space, so that the support material wraps around the sound-guiding cavity 3 along the outer wall of the sound-guiding cavity 3, and forms a support layer 53 after curing. The thickness of the support layer 53 is preferably 1-3 mm, so as to maintain the cross-sectional shape and extension direction of the sound-guiding cavity 3 without significantly increasing the space occupied inside the outer shell 2. After the support layer 53 is shaped, the baffle mold is removed and damping material is poured into the remaining space between the support layer 53 and the inner wall of the outer shell 2 to form a damping layer 52. Each layer of material is poured in after the previous layer has reached a semi-cured or shaped state, so that the adjacent layers form a stable bond and reduce the mixing of different materials. After the filling material 5 has completely cured, the temporary positioning parts, temporary plugs or shielding membranes are removed, so that the sound-guiding cavity 3 is kept in the predetermined position inside the shell 2, and the filling material 5 surrounds the outside of the sound-guiding cavity 3 without blocking the sound propagation channel.

[0031] To improve the positioning stability of the sound-guiding cavity 3 within the filling material 5, multiple micro-protrusions 6 are spaced apart on the outer surface of the sidewall of the sound-guiding cavity 3. These micro-protrusions 6 are embedded in the support layer 53 located near the sidewall of the sound-guiding cavity 3. For example... Figure 2As shown, the height of the micro-protrusions 6 is less than the thickness of the support layer 53, allowing the micro-protrusions 6 to mechanically interlock with the support layer 53, limiting the support layer 53 from detachment, hollowing, or slippage relative to the sidewall of the sound-conducting cavity 3. Simultaneously, the damping layer 52 remains outside the support layer 53 and maintains a relatively continuous damping structure, preventing the micro-protrusions 6 from forming localized rigid vibration transmission paths between the sound-conducting cavity 3 and the damping layer 52. The micro-protrusions 6 are hemispherical protrusions, frustum-shaped protrusions, truncated cone-shaped protrusions, or short rib-shaped protrusions, and are distributed at intervals along the extension direction and outer periphery of the sound-conducting cavity 3. The spacing between adjacent micro-protrusions 6 is preferably 2-8 mm to avoid excessive density that could hinder the flow of the support material or cause localized stress concentration. Specifically, the height of the dot-shaped micro-protrusions 6 is preferably 0.2-0.5 mm, and the bottom diameter is preferably 0.3-1.0 mm; the height of the short rib-shaped micro-protrusions 6 is preferably 0.1-0.5 mm, and the length is preferably 2-6 mm. The aforementioned size range ensures sufficient contact area and engagement depth between the micro-protrusion 6 and the support layer 53, while also preventing the micro-protrusion 6 from becoming too large and forming localized hard spots, thus reducing the possibility of non-target vibrations being transmitted to the sidewall of the sound-conducting cavity 3. The micro-protrusion 6 can be integrally formed with the cavity wall of the sound-conducting cavity 3 using the same material; when the cavity wall of the sound-conducting cavity 3 is a thin-walled metal structure, the micro-protrusion 6 is fixed to the outer surface of the cavity wall by stamping, spot welding, or brazing; when the cavity wall of the sound-conducting cavity 3 is a rigid engineering plastic structure, the micro-protrusion 6 is formed by injection molding, hot-melt fixing, or adhesive fixing.

[0032] The inner arc surface of the outer casing 2 is provided with pressure-bearing parts 7 at both ends along the axial direction of the backstop body 1. The pressure-bearing parts 7 extend along the inner arc surface and are connected to the fan-shaped annular surface of the outer casing 2, such as... Figure 3 As shown. The pressure-bearing part 7 is preferably an arc-shaped pressure-bearing edge, the curvature of which is the same as the curvature of the inner arc surface of the outer shell 2, so that the pressure-bearing part 7 can correspond to the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body 1 together with the inner arc surface of the outer shell 2. The pressure-bearing part 7 can be integrally molded from the same material as the outer shell 2; it can also be made of hard rubber, hard polyurethane or engineering plastic, and fixed to the outer shell 2 by embedding, bonding, welding or screw connection. As the force-bearing edge at the axial end of the outer shell 2, the pressure-bearing part 7 can increase the effective support area between the outer shell 2 and the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body 1, so that the outer shell 2 is not prone to warping, deflection or local crushing when fixed under pressure, and reduce the deformation near the sound inlet end of the sound-guiding cavity 3, thereby improving the fixing stability of the sound-guiding sensor on the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body 1.

[0033] In practical applications, the sound-guiding sensor is installed on the outer circumference of the backstop body 1 at the position corresponding to the transmission of lubrication friction sound vibration. The inner arc surface and pressure-bearing part 7 of the outer shell 2 are kept in close contact with the outer circumference of the backstop body 1, and the sound-guiding cavity 3 is arranged tangentially along the outer circumference of the backstop body 1. During the operation of the backstop, the friction sound vibration generated by the contact pairs such as rollers, wedges, or raceways under conditions of insufficient lubrication, thinning oil film, or stick-slip friction is transmitted to the outer circumference of the backstop body 1 and enters the sound-guiding cavity 3 through the sound inlet opening. The sound pressure change after entering the sound-guiding cavity 3 propagates along the tangential sound-guiding path to the acquisition end, is converted into an electrical signal by the electret sound sensor, and is output to the signal processing module. The filling material 5 surrounds the outside of the sound-guiding cavity 3, which, while maintaining the stability of the shape and position of the sound-guiding cavity 3, reduces the influence of the vibration of the outer shell 2, radial impact, and external stray sound on the acquisition end, so that the acquired sound signal more concentratedly reflects the changes in the lubrication state of the backstop.

[0034] Example 2:

[0035] Based on Embodiment 1, in order to improve the reception and guidance effect of the sound-guiding cavity 3 on the sound vibration of lubrication friction, the sound-guiding cavity 3 is configured as a tapered structure along the extension direction from the sound inlet end to the sound acquisition end, such as... Figure 4 As shown (only a partial structure of the backstop body 1 is shown in the figure).

[0036] Specifically, at least one set of opposing cavity walls of the sound-guiding cavity 3 gradually converges inward from the sound inlet end to the sound acquisition end, thereby making the cross-sectional area of ​​the sound-guiding cavity 3 near the backstop body 1 larger than the cross-sectional area near the sound acquisition element 4, so that the sound inlet end maintains a larger cross-section corresponding to the sound inlet opening, and the acquisition end maintains a smaller cross-section matching the sound acquisition element 4. The central axis of the tapered sound-guiding cavity 3 still corresponds to the tangential direction of the outer periphery of the backstop body 1. When the cross-section of the sound-guiding cavity 3 is square, the upper and lower cavity walls or the left and right cavity walls of the sound-guiding cavity 3 gradually converge along the sound propagation direction; when the cross-section of the sound-guiding cavity 3 is circular or approximately elliptical, the inner diameter or equivalent diameter of the sound-guiding cavity 3 gradually decreases along the sound propagation direction. The tapered structure preferably adopts a smooth transition to avoid the formation of abrupt steps inside the sound-guiding cavity 3, so as to reduce the local reflection and disturbance loss of sound waves at the abrupt change in the cavity wall. Through the above structure, the sound inlet end can form a relatively large sound vibration receiving area, making it easier for the lubrication friction sound vibration transmitted from the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body 1 to enter the sound guide cavity 3 through the sound inlet opening; the sound guide cavity 3 gradually narrows as it extends towards the acquisition end, so that the sound pressure change entering the sound guide cavity 3 is concentrated towards the installation position of the sound acquisition element 4, reducing the loss caused by the dispersion and propagation of sound energy in the cavity, thereby improving the reception strength and stability of the sound acquisition element 4 for the target lubrication abnormal sound signal.

[0037] Example 3:

[0038] Based on Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, this embodiment provides a corrugated sheet 8 at the end of the sound-guiding cavity 3 near the backstop body 1, such as... Figure 5 As shown, this is to improve the conversion effect of the small acoustic vibration on the outer periphery of the backstop body 1 into the sound pressure change in the sound-guiding cavity 3.

[0039] Specifically, the corrugated sheet 8 is disposed at the arc-shaped port of the sound-inlet end of the sound-guiding cavity 3. The outer contour of the corrugated sheet 8 is the same as the contour of the arc-shaped port and is bent according to the arc curvature of the arc-shaped port. The edge of the corrugated sheet 8 is sealed to the periphery of the port of the sound-inlet end of the sound-guiding cavity 3, so that the corrugated sheet 8 seals the sound-inlet end of the sound-guiding cavity 3 and forms a closed membrane surface at the sound-inlet end that can elastically deform with external sound vibration. After the sound-guiding sensor is attached and installed, the corrugated sheet 8 can contact or remain close to the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body 1 to receive the lubrication friction sound vibration transmitted by the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body 1. The corrugation on the corrugated sheet 8 extends along the outer circumference of the backstop body 1. In other words, along the outer circumference of the backstop body 1, the corrugated sheet 8 sequentially forms crests, troughs, crests, and troughs, which extend continuously in a periodic arrangement. The extension direction of the same crest or trough line is the axial direction of the backstop body 1; the height of the corrugation between the crest and trough is the undulation height of the corrugation, which varies radially along the backstop body 1. With the above-mentioned corrugation direction, the corrugated sheet 8 forms multiple continuous alternating elastic deformation units on the outer circumference of the backstop body 1. When the outer circumferential surface of the backstop body 1 transmits tangential acoustic vibrations related to lubrication friction, small bending and stretching deformations can occur between adjacent crests and troughs, making the corrugated sheet 8 more likely to respond to the small acoustic vibrations of the outer circumferential surface; at the same time, the same crest and trough line extends axially, which can form a more continuous contact and vibration area within the axial range of the sound inlet end of the sound-guiding cavity 3, reducing the uneven response caused by local point contact, and making the small acoustic vibrations of the outer circumferential surface more stably converted into sound pressure changes within the sound-guiding cavity 3.

[0040] The corrugated sheet 8 is made of elastic metal sheet, silicone rubber sheet, polyurethane elastic sheet, or composite diaphragm, with a thickness of 0.05-0.5 mm. The corrugation height is 0.1-0.8 mm, and the spacing between adjacent corrugations is preferably 0.5-3 mm. This dimensional range allows the corrugated sheet 8 to maintain port sealing while possessing appropriate elastic deformation capacity. This avoids both excessive thickness or corrugation height leading to poor follow-up response, and insufficient thickness or excessively dense corrugations causing molding difficulties, localized damage, or uneven response. The edge of the corrugated sheet 8 is connected to the sound inlet end of the sound-guiding cavity 3 by means of pressure ring clamping, bonding, hot pressing, or embedded sealing, allowing the corrugated sheet 8 to undergo follow-up deformation under the slight acoustic vibration of the outer circumference of the backstop body 1 while maintaining port sealing. A coupling layer is provided on the side of the corrugated sheet 8 facing the backstop body 1. The coupling layer is located between the corrugated sheet 8 and the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body 1. It is used to compensate for the small gap between the corrugated sheet 8 and the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body 1, so that the corrugated sheet 8 can form a continuous fit with the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body 1 through the coupling layer, avoiding local contact instability or discontinuous sound vibration transmission due to the corrugated sheet 8 being suspended in the trough. The coupling layer is preferably made of silicone, polyurethane gel, or flexible sound-conducting adhesive, and its thickness is 0.1-0.8mm, so as to compensate for the corrugation gap while avoiding excessive thickness that would weaken the follow-up response of the corrugated sheet 8 to small sound vibrations.

[0041] Furthermore, the sound-guiding cavity 3 is also connected to a venting pipe. One end of the venting pipe is connected to the side wall of the sound-guiding cavity 3 or near the acquisition end, and the other end passes through the filling material 5 and the outer shell 2 and connects to an external inflation device. A valve is installed on the venting pipe. The venting pipe is preferably a small-diameter pipe with an inner diameter of 0.5-2mm to reduce disturbance to the sound propagation channel of the sound-guiding cavity 3. The connection position between the venting pipe and the sound-guiding cavity 3 avoids the area directly opposite the sound inlet and the sound inlet hole of the sound acquisition element 4, and prevents the inflation port from being directly located on the main sound propagation path. The inflation device uses a miniature air pump, a manual air bag, or an air cylinder, and the valve uses a miniature shut-off valve, a one-way valve, or a rotary sealing valve. After the sound-guiding sensor is installed, air or dry gas is introduced into the sound-guiding cavity 3 through an inflation device. Once the set pressure is reached, the valve is closed to maintain a relatively stable air pressure within the sound-guiding cavity 3. Simultaneously, the ventilation pipe allows for dehumidification, airtightness checks, and initial air pressure adjustment of the sound-guiding cavity 3, reducing the impact of moisture, dust, or pressure fluctuations within the cavity on the stability of sound acquisition. In this embodiment, the sound inlet end of the sound-guiding cavity 3 is sealed by a corrugated sheet 8. After introducing air, dry gas, or inert gas into the sound-guiding cavity 3 and closing the valve, a slightly positive pressure is maintained inside the sound-guiding cavity 3, slightly higher than the external atmospheric pressure. This causes the corrugated sheet 8 to form a slight pre-bulge and pre-tension towards the outer circumferential surface of the check valve body 1. With the corrugated sheet 8 in a slightly pre-tensioned state, the contact between it and the outer circumferential surface of the check valve body 1 becomes more stable, resulting in a more consistent follow-up response to tangential acoustic vibration signals generated by insufficient lubrication, oil film damage, or stick-slip friction. The valve can also release pressure when the pressure in the sound-guiding cavity 3 is too high, so as to avoid excessive expansion of the corrugated sheet 8, increase of equivalent stiffness, decrease of sensitivity or drift of sound acquisition baseline due to excessive pressure in the cavity. This allows the corrugated sheet 8 to maintain a relatively stable initial stress state and sound vibration conversion state during long-term monitoring.

[0042] Example 4:

[0043] Based on the apparatus of Examples 1-3, the present invention also proposes a method for installing a sound-guided sensor for monitoring the lubrication of a check valve, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the method includes the following steps: S1. Determine the installation area corresponding to the lubrication friction sound vibration transmission position on the outer surface of the backstop body 1, and determine the tangential direction of the outer periphery of the backstop body 1. Before installation, ensure the backstop is in a stopped or safe maintenance state, and clean the oil, dust, and loose attachments from the outer surface of the backstop body 1. Then, based on the backstop structure and the location of the rollers, wedges, raceways, or other contact pairs inside the backstop, select the outer surface area of ​​the housing where the lubrication friction sound vibration is concentrated on the outer periphery of the backstop body 1 as the installation area. After determining the installation area, mark the placement position of the sound guiding sensor and the tangential alignment direction of the sound guiding cavity 3 on the outer periphery of the backstop body 1, so that the sound guiding cavity 3 can be arranged tangentially along the outer periphery of the backstop body 1 during installation.

[0044] In step S1, after determining the installation area, the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body 1 within the installation area is roughened. The roughened area preferably corresponds to the inner arc surface contact area after the sound sensor is installed, and is particularly focused on the stress areas corresponding to the pressure-bearing parts 7 at both axial ends of the housing 2 and the anti-slip areas corresponding to the circumferential edges of the sound sensor. These areas, after being pressed and fixed, bear the main support and anti-slip functions. Roughening increases the contact friction between the sound sensor and the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body 1. For the acoustic coupling area directly opposite the sound inlet opening, significant roughening is not recommended. Instead, degreasing, light sanding with fine sandpaper, or surface leveling can be used to maintain a basically continuous arc contour in this area, avoiding the formation of pits, burrs, or local protrusions that could affect the contact between the sound inlet end, the corrugated sheet 8, and the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body 1. The roughening process is carried out by sanding with fine sandpaper, sandblasting, shallow engraving, or slight roughening. After the process, residual particles and oil stains on the surface are removed to prevent particles from getting trapped between the sound sensor and the backstop body 1. Through the above treatment, the sound sensor is less likely to slip circumferentially or shift axially due to the vibration of the backstop after it is fixed, while the area corresponding to the sound inlet opening can still maintain stable sound vibration transmission conditions.

[0045] S2. Place the sound-conducting sensor in the installation area, ensuring that the inner arc surface of the sensor aligns with the outer circumferential surface of the backstop body 1, and that the sound-conducting cavity 3 extends tangentially along the circumference of the backstop body 1. During placement, align the sound-inlet side of the sound-conducting sensor with the installation area, and position its acquisition side towards the side that facilitates wiring and maintenance. Then, adjust the orientation of the sound-conducting sensor according to the tangential alignment direction marked in step S1, ensuring that the extension direction of the sound-conducting cavity 3 is consistent with the tangential direction of the outer circumference of the backstop body 1. After the sound-conducting sensor is in place, gently press the outer casing 2 and check for any warping, skewing, or significant gaps. If the fit is unstable, readjust the placement position or the angle of the sound-conducting sensor to ensure proper fit between the sound-conducting sensor and the outer circumferential surface of the backstop body 1.

[0046] S3. The sound sensor is pressed and fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the backstop body 1 using fasteners, ensuring a tight fit. The fasteners preferably consist of a first clamp and a second clamp spaced apart along the axial direction of the backstop body 1. The first and second clamps are arranged around the outer circumference of the backstop body 1 and correspond to the pressure-bearing areas 7 at both ends of the sound sensor's axial direction. The first and second clamps are metal clips, clamps, or annular clamping devices with bolt locking ends. Anti-slip pads or flexible pressure pads can be provided on the side of the clamp that contacts the sound sensor to increase friction and reduce local hard indentations. During the fixing process, the first and second clamps are pre-tightened to hold the sound sensor in the predetermined position. Then, the tightening degree of the two clamps is adjusted alternately to ensure uniform axial force on the sound sensor, preventing unilateral tightening that could cause the sound sensor to deflect or partially lift. The clamping force of the first and second clamps should be such that the sound-conducting sensor does not loosen or shift, and the sound-inlet end does not produce obvious deformation. After tightening, the clamp locking end is treated with anti-loosening nuts, spring washers, anti-loosening plates, or thread-locking adhesive to prevent loosening. After fixing, check the tangential alignment of the sound-conducting cavity 3 to confirm that the sound-conducting sensor has not circumferentially deflected due to the clamping process.

[0047] S4. Electrically connect the sound acquisition element 4 to the signal processing module to complete the installation of the sound-guided sensor. The lead wire of the sound acquisition element 4 can be led out along the outside of the backstop body 1, the equipment bracket, or the fixed cable tray, with appropriate bending allowance reserved near the sound-guided sensor to reduce the impact of equipment vibration or cable pulling on the installation position of the sound acquisition element 4. After the lead wire is connected to the signal processing module, the terminal, the wiring position, and the exposed cable are insulated, prevented from loosening, and protected. After the electrical connection is completed, the signal can be checked under no-load or low-speed operation to confirm that the sound acquisition element 4 can output a stable signal, and to check the fit, fixation, and sealing of the sound-guided sensor. Through the above installation process, the sound-guided sensor can form a fixed, oriented, and stable installation state on the outer circumference of the backstop body 1, so that the sound-guided cavity 3 matches the transmission direction of the lubrication friction sound vibration, and provides stable sound-guided conditions for subsequent sound signal acquisition.

[0048] To reduce the impact of temperature rise during backstop operation on the stability of sound acquisition, both the first and second clamps are equipped with outwardly projecting heat dissipation sections on their outer sides. These heat dissipation sections are located on the side of the clamp facing away from the backstop body 1 and are integrally formed or fixedly connected to the corresponding clamp. The heat dissipation sections are configured as sheet-like heat dissipation fins or arc-shaped heat dissipation plates, with multiple heat dissipation sections spaced apart along the outer periphery of the clamp or along the axial direction of the backstop body 1, creating multiple heat exchange surfaces on the outer side of the clamp. The heat dissipation sections are made of the same metal material as the clamps, or of thermally conductive materials such as aluminum alloy or copper alloy, and are fixed to the outer side of the clamps by welding, riveting, or screw connections. The thickness at the root of the heat dissipation section is greater than the thickness at the free end, giving it a better thermal conductivity section and vibration resistance at the root, and a smaller mass and vibration inertia at the free end. This also reduces the additional vibration noise generated by the coupling of the heat dissipation sections during backstop operation. The heat transferred from the backstop body 1, the acoustic sensor housing 2 or the pressure-bearing part 7 to the first clamp and the second clamp is dissipated outward through the heat dissipation part, thereby reducing the local temperature rise in the acoustic sensor installation area and reducing signal drift caused by temperature changes near the electret acoustic sensor, the filling material 5 and the acoustic cavity 3.

[0049] After the sound sensor is installed, the check valve is run under normal lubrication conditions for a period of time. The signal processing module receives the electrical signal output by the sound acquisition element 4 and forms a reference sound signal corresponding to the normal lubrication state. During subsequent monitoring, the sound acquisition element 4 continuously or at set intervals acquires the sound pressure changes within the sound-guiding cavity 3 and converts them into electrical signals, which are then output to the signal processing module. The signal processing module amplifies, samples, and filters the received electrical signals. The filtering process reduces low-frequency vibrations, transient impact interference, and external random noise, making the continuous rubbing sounds, hissing sounds, or sharp abnormal noises caused by insufficient lubrication, oil film damage, or stick-slip friction clearer. The signal processing module compares the processed sound signal with the reference sound signal. When the monitored sound shows an abnormal increase, continuous abnormal noise, or significantly increased fluctuations relative to the reference sound, the signal processing module outputs a lubrication abnormality warning or alarm signal, enabling on-site personnel to judge the lubrication status of the check valve based on changes in the sound signal.

[0050] In summary, this invention forms a sound-guiding structure suitable for collecting abnormal lubrication sound signals from a check valve, through a shell 2 that fits against the outer circumferential surface of the check valve body 1, a sound-guiding cavity 3 extending tangentially along the outer circumference of the check valve body 1, a sound acquisition element 4 disposed at the acquisition end, and a filling material 5 located outside the sound-guiding cavity 3. The aforementioned sound-guiding sensor and installation method are applicable to check valves with lubrication contact pairs, such as roller type, wedge type, and ratchet type, and are also suitable for monitoring the lubrication status of check valves with different diameters, different outer circumferential curvatures, and different installation spaces. In specific applications, the curvature of the inner arc surface of the shell 2, the extension length of the sound-guiding cavity 3, the arrangement position of the fixing parts, and the direction of cable lead-out are adaptively adjusted according to the curvature of the outer circumferential surface of the check valve body 1, the size of the installation area, and the wiring space, so that the sound-guiding sensor maintains a stable fit, tangential sound guidance, and reliable acquisition state.

[0051] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sound-conducting sensor for monitoring the lubrication of a check valve, comprising a housing, a sound-conducting cavity, and a sound acquisition element, characterized in that: The outer shell is generally in the shape of a fan-shaped annular column, with its inner arc surface fitting against the outer circumferential surface of the backstop body. A sound-guiding cavity is provided inside the outer shell, with one end close to the backstop body and the curved surface of the cavity having the same curvature as the inner arc surface of the outer shell. The other end extends tangentially along the outer circumference of the backstop body. The sound acquisition element is located at the end of the sound-guiding cavity away from the backstop body, with its sound inlet facing the interior of the sound-guiding cavity. The sound-guiding sensor also includes a filling material, which is disposed in the external space of the sound-guiding cavity.

2. The acoustic sensor for monitoring backstop lubrication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sound-guiding cavity is configured as a tapered structure along its extension direction, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the sound-guiding cavity near the backstop body is larger than the cross-sectional area near the sound acquisition element.

3. The acoustic sensor for monitoring backstop lubrication according to claim 1, characterized in that: A corrugated sheet is provided at the end of the sound-guiding cavity near the backstop body. The corrugated sheet has the same shape as the port, and the corrugation of the corrugated sheet extends in the circumferential direction of the backstop body.

4. The acoustic sensor for monitoring backstop lubrication according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sound-guiding cavity is connected to a ventilation pipe, which is connected to an inflation device, and a valve is installed on the ventilation pipe.

5. The acoustic sensor for monitoring backstop lubrication according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple micro-protrusions are spaced apart on the outer surface of the sidewall of the acoustic cavity, and the micro-protrusions are embedded in the filling material.

6. The acoustic sensor for monitoring backstop lubrication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filling material includes a flexible layer, a damping layer, and a support layer. The flexible layer is close to the backstop body, the support layer is close to the outer surface of the sound-guiding cavity sidewall, and the damping layer is located between the flexible layer and the support layer, and between the support layer and the outer shell.

7. The acoustic sensor for monitoring backstop lubrication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner arc surface of the outer shell is provided with pressure-bearing parts at both ends along the axial direction of the backstop body.

8. A method for installing a sound-guided sensor for monitoring the lubrication of a check valve according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: S1. Determine the installation area corresponding to the lubrication friction sound and vibration transmission position on the outer surface of the backstop body, and determine the outer peripheral tangential direction of the backstop body. S2. Place the sound-conducting sensor in the installation area, so that the inner arc surface of the sound-conducting sensor matches the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body, and make the sound-conducting cavity extend tangentially along the circumference of the backstop body. S3. Press and fix the acoustic sensor to the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body using a fastener, so that the two are in close contact. S4. Electrically connect the sound acquisition element to the signal processing module to complete the installation of the sound sensor.

9. The method for installing a sound-guided sensor for monitoring the lubrication of a check valve according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S1, the outer peripheral surface of the backstop body is roughened within the installation area.

10. The method for installing a sound-guided sensor for monitoring backstop lubrication according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S3, the fixing components are a first clamp and a second clamp that are spaced apart along the axial direction of the backstop body.

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