Steel laser welding device and process for steel structure engineering construction

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of laser welding equipment technology, and discloses a laser welding device and process for steel structure construction. The laser welding device for steel structure construction includes a welding machine body, a moving module located at the top of the welding machine body, a laser head located outside the moving module, and a spraying mechanism located at the bottom of the moving module. The spraying mechanism includes a nozzle located at the bottom of the moving module, an ultrasonic atomizer located on the inner wall of the nozzle, a delivery pipe located in the middle of the nozzle, a negative pressure pipe located at the bottom of the moving module near the nozzle, an inner rotating shell located outside the nozzle, and an outer rotating shell located near the inner rotating shell. By setting up the spraying mechanism, on-site mixing and atomization spraying of flux and welding material powder are achieved, reducing laser reflectivity, promoting rapid formation of the molten pool and enhancing the penetration effect, thereby improving welding quality and joint strength.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser welding equipment technology, and in particular to a laser welding device and process for steel materials used in steel structure engineering construction. Background Technology

[0002] In steel structure construction, laser welding equipment mainly consists of a high-power fiber or CO2 laser, a robot control system, a beam transmission and focusing lens assembly, a wire feeding mechanism, and a protective gas nozzle. The process utilizes a high-energy-density laser beam to instantly melt the base material and welding wire, forming a narrow and deep weld with a small heat-affected zone and controllable deformation. For medium and thick steel plates, multi-layer, multi-pass filler welding or laser-arc hybrid welding is often used; for thin plates, self-fusion welding or filler wire welding is more common. Before welding, the bevel must be cleaned of rust. During welding, argon, helium, or a mixed gas is used to protect the molten pool, and the power, defocusing amount, and welding speed are precisely adjusted according to the plate thickness and joint type.

[0003] Traditional welding equipment is widely used in the field of laser welding, but due to the limitations of its structure and working principle, it often has some problems that cannot be ignored. Existing laser welding mostly uses a wire feeding mechanism to fill the welding material. The welding wire needs to be prepared in advance and the alloy composition cannot be flexibly adjusted. When welding multiple layers and multiple passes of medium and thick plates, uneven deposition and porosity defects are prone to occur. Before welding, the bevel oil and rust must be strictly cleaned to avoid contamination, which is a cumbersome process. At the same time, traditional shielding gas nozzles only form airflow in a single direction, which is difficult to completely suppress spatter and dust diffusion. This results in some unmelted powder or dust polluting the surrounding environment and cannot be recovered, causing material waste. In addition, the synchronization accuracy between wire feeding and laser beam depends on a complex control system. When there is deviation, incomplete fusion or undercut is easy to occur. This invention eliminates the wire pretreatment and cleaning steps through a synchronously moving spraying and constraint recovery structure, reducing pollution and loss, and improving welding consistency and environmental protection. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Given the existing technical problems of laser welding devices relying on wire feeding mechanisms to fill pre-made welding materials, making it difficult to flexibly adjust the alloy composition and requiring strict cleaning of the bevel rust before welding, and the fact that the shielding gas nozzle can only form a single-direction airflow, which cannot effectively suppress spatter and smoke diffusion, resulting in unmelted powder polluting the environment and being unrecoverable, a laser welding device for steel materials used in steel structure engineering construction is proposed.

[0005] Its purpose is to enable the welding device to achieve on-site mixing and atomization of flux and welding material powder through the spraying mechanism, and to use an adjustable air curtain to limit the powder dispersion range, and to use negative pressure suction to recover unattached powder, thereby eliminating the need for pre-welding cleaning and wire feeding, reducing pollution and material waste.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is a steel laser welding device for steel structure construction, including a welding machine body, a moving module disposed on the top of the welding machine body, a laser head disposed on the outside of the moving module, and a spraying mechanism disposed on the bottom of the moving module; The spraying mechanism includes a nozzle located at the bottom of the moving module, an ultrasonic atomizer located on the inner wall of the nozzle, a delivery pipe located in the middle of the nozzle, a negative pressure pipe located at the bottom of the moving module near the nozzle, an inner rotating shell located on the outside of the nozzle, an outer rotating shell located near the inner rotating shell of the nozzle, two push rods located on the inner and outer rotating shells respectively near the negative pressure pipe, a fixing block located in the middle of the nozzle near the negative pressure pipe, a screw located on the inner wall of the fixing block, a connecting block located at the bottom of the screw, symmetrically arranged rotating arms at the bottom of the connecting blocks, with both ends of the rotating arms rotatably connected to the connecting blocks and the corresponding push rods respectively, and a constraint unit located at the upper middle of the nozzle.

[0007] Furthermore, the nozzle has a nozzle at its bottom, and both the outer and inner rotating shells have slots at their bottoms.

[0008] Furthermore, the top of the fixing block is provided with a threaded hole that extends to the bottom, and the outer wall of the screw is threadedly connected to the threaded hole.

[0009] Furthermore, the nozzle has a ball head at its bottom, and support shafts are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the ball head. The inner and outer rotating shells are shaped to match the ball head, and the tops of the inner and outer rotating shells are rotatably connected to the short shaft.

[0010] Furthermore, the top of the connecting block is provided with a positioning hole, the inner wall of which is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the screw, and the bottom end of the rotating arm is provided with a stepped hole, the inner wall of which is rotatably connected to the corresponding top rod.

[0011] Furthermore, the constraint unit includes an air chamber located at the upper part of the nozzle, several air pipes arranged in a ring array at the top of the air chamber, a lifting plate located at the bottom of the air chamber, a vertical plate located in the middle of the lifting plate, a knob located at the top of the vertical plate, guide posts symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the air chamber near the edge, and guide sleeves symmetrically arranged at the top of the lifting plate near the edge.

[0012] Furthermore, the top of the guide sleeve is provided with a guide hole that extends to the bottom, and the inner wall of the guide hole is slidably connected to the outer wall of the guide post.

[0013] Furthermore, the inner wall of the lifting plate is provided with a guide slope, and the top of the vertical rod is provided with a threaded hole, the inner wall of the threaded hole being adapted to the outer wall of the knob with a threaded connection.

[0014] Another objective of this invention is to provide a laser welding process for steel materials used in steel structure construction. The purpose of this process is to cover the area to be welded with a pre-sprayed mixed medium, so that when the laser beam acts on the covering layer, the reflectivity is reduced, the formation of the molten pool is accelerated, and the penetration effect is enhanced, thereby avoiding the defects of multi-layer and multi-pass welding and improving the joint strength and consistency of medium and thick steel plate welding.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a laser welding process for steel materials used in steel structure construction, comprising the following steps: First, the nozzle is moved to the weld start area of ​​the steel to be welded by the moving module. The spraying medium, which is a mixture of flux and welding material powder, is fed into the nozzle through the delivery pipe. The ultrasonic atomizer is activated to make the spraying medium form an atomized jet, which is sprayed out from the bottom of the nozzle and evenly covers the weld surface and both sides. Then, the laser head is moved to the starting area of ​​the weld seam that has been sprayed through the moving module, and the laser head is started to weld. During the welding process, the laser beam acts on the sprayed flux and welding powder layer, reducing the laser reflectivity, accelerating the formation of the molten pool and enhancing the penetration effect. Finally, the fumes and unreacted residual powder generated during the welding process are removed by a negative pressure pipe, thus completing the laser welding of the steel.

[0016] Furthermore, the flux and solder powder are mixed in a preset ratio, the solder powder is a fine powder suitable for atomization spraying, and the thickness of the sprayed layer is a uniform thin layer.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. By setting up a spraying mechanism, on-site mixing and atomization spraying of flux and welding material powder are realized, so that the mixed medium is evenly covered on the steel surface to be welded. This coating layer can reduce laser reflectivity, promote rapid formation of the molten pool and enhance the penetration effect, thereby improving welding quality and joint strength, meeting the needs of steel structure engineering for high-load connections. The spraying mechanism can flexibly adjust the spraying width and length to adapt to the construction requirements of different specifications of welds, reduce the flow displacement problem caused by excessive coating thickness, and ensure the stability and consistency of the welding process.

[0018] 2. By setting up constraint units, a controllable air curtain is formed around the spraying area. This air curtain can limit the dispersion range of the atomized mixture, prevent powder from contaminating non-welded areas of the steel, reduce cleaning difficulty and material waste. The opening direction of the air curtain is matched with the negative pressure pipe, so that the unattached powder is directionally drifted out with the airflow and is collected in time, realizing the recycling of some raw materials, reducing dust emissions during construction, improving the working environment, and the coverage area of ​​the air curtain can be adjusted as needed to adapt to spraying areas of different widths, thus improving the environmental performance and economy of the device.

[0019] 3. By setting up a moving module and laser head, synchronous movement of spraying and welding is achieved, avoiding secondary positioning errors caused by sequential operation, shortening the waiting time between processes, and enabling continuous welding operations. This design simplifies the construction process, eliminates the need for repeated manual adjustments to the equipment position, reduces operational complexity and labor intensity, and the stroke of the moving module directly determines the length of the spraying area, eliminating additional measurement steps, thereby improving the construction efficiency of steel structure projects and the practical value of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the welding device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the negative pressure pipe structure of the welding device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the spraying mechanism of the welding device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the nozzle of the welding device of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the inner and outer rotating shell structures of the welding device of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the fixing block and the screw in the welding device of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the connecting block and the rotating arm of the welding device of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the gas chamber structure of the welding apparatus of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the lifting plate and the gas chamber of the welding device of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the guide post and the guide sleeve of the welding device of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the lifting plate of the welding device of the present invention.

[0021] In the picture: 1. Welding machine body; 2. Moving module; 3. Laser head; 4. Spraying mechanism; 41. Spray nozzle; 42. Ultrasonic atomizer; 43. Delivery pipe; 44. Negative pressure pipe; 45. Inner rotating shell; 46. Outer rotating shell; 47. Top rod; 48. Fixing block; 49. Screw; 410. Connecting block; 411. Rotary arm; 412. Air chamber; 413. Air pipe; 414. Lifting plate; 415. Vertical plate; 416. Knob; 417. Guide post; 418. Guide sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Example 1, referring to Figures 1-11 This invention provides a first embodiment of a laser welding device for steel structure construction, comprising a welding machine body 1, a movable module 2 fixedly connected to the top of the welding machine body 1, a laser head 3 fixedly connected to the outside of the movable module 2, and a spraying mechanism 4 installed at the bottom of the movable module 2. The spraying mechanism 4 includes a nozzle 41 fixedly connected to the bottom of the movable module 2, an ultrasonic atomizer 42 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the nozzle 41, a delivery pipe 43 fixedly connected to the middle of the nozzle 41, and a negative pressure pipe 44 fixedly connected to the bottom of the movable module 2 near the nozzle 41, and rotatably connected to the outside of the nozzle 41. The nozzle 41 has an inner rotating shell 45, an outer rotating shell 46 rotatably connected to the nozzle 41 near the inner rotating shell 45, two push rods 47 respectively fixedly connected to the inner rotating shell 45 and the outer rotating shell 46 near the negative pressure pipe 44, a fixing block 48 fixedly connected to the middle of the nozzle 41 near the negative pressure pipe 44, a screw 49 threadedly connected to the inner wall of the fixing block 48, a connecting block 410 rotatably connected to the bottom of the screw 49, a rotating arm 411 symmetrically rotatably connected to the bottom of the connecting block 410, the two ends of the rotating arm 411 being rotatably connected to the connecting block 410 and the corresponding push rod 47 respectively, and a constraint unit assembled in the upper middle part of the nozzle 41.

[0024] Specifically, when the nozzle 41 is activated, a low-flow spraying airflow is blown out from inside the nozzle 41. A mixture of flux and welding material powder flows out from the bottom of the delivery pipe 43. This mixture is atomized by the ultrasonic atomizer 42 and then sprayed from the bottom of the nozzle 41 to the steel welding position along with the spraying airflow. The displacement of the moving module 2 moves the nozzle 41, allowing the mixture to form coating layers of varying lengths. The laser head 3 moves synchronously with the moving module 2. After the mixture covers the steel, welding is performed on the sprayed area. The displacement distance of the moving module 2 determines the length of the sprayed area, and the spraying channel formed by the bottom of the nozzle 41, the inner rotating shell 45, and the outer rotating shell 46 determines the width of the sprayed area. When it is necessary to increase the width... When the spraying width is adjusted, the screw 49 is rotated. The screw 49 is acted upon by the fixing block 48 and the thread, and can move up and down during rotation. By moving the screw 49 downward, it causes the connecting block 410 to move downward as well. As the connecting block 410 moves downward, it pushes the two rotating arms 411, which transmit the force to the corresponding push rods 47. When the connecting block 410 moves downward, the two push rods 47 move in a direction away from each other, and at the same time, they drive the inner rotating shell 45 and the outer rotating shell 46 to rotate, changing the cross-section of the mixture spraying channel at the bottom of the nozzle 41, thus increasing the spraying range. Similarly, when the connecting block 410 is moved upward, the bottoms of the inner rotating shell 45 and the outer rotating shell 46 move closer to each other, thus reducing the spraying range.

[0025] Reference Figures 2-5The nozzle 41 has a nozzle at its bottom, and the outer rotating shell 46 and the inner rotating shell 45 both have slots at their bottoms.

[0026] Specifically, the nozzle at the bottom of the nozzle 41 cooperates with the slots of the inner rotating shell 45 and the outer rotating shell 46 to form a fan-shaped spray channel.

[0027] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 The top of the fixing block 48 has a threaded hole that extends to the bottom, and the outer wall of the screw 49 is threadedly connected to the threaded hole.

[0028] Specifically, the fixing block 48 is connected to the screw rod 49 through a screw hole. By rotating the screw rod 49 in different directions, the screw rod 49 moves up or down under the action of the thread.

[0029] Reference Figures 3-5 The nozzle 41 has a ball head at its bottom, and support shafts are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the ball head. The inner rotating shell 45 and the outer rotating shell 46 are matched with the ball head in shape, and the top of the inner rotating shell 45 and the outer rotating shell 46 are rotatably connected to the short shaft.

[0030] Specifically, the nozzle 41 is connected to the inner rotating shell 45 and the outer rotating shell 46 via a support shaft, and constrains the inner rotating shell 45 and the outer rotating shell 46 so that the inner rotating shell 45 and the outer rotating shell 46 can only rotate around the support shaft. The inner rotating shell 45 and the outer rotating shell 46 cover the outer surface of the ball head, so that they can rotate along the circular outer surface of the ball head.

[0031] Reference Figures 5-7 The top of the connecting block 410 is provided with a positioning hole, and the inner wall of the positioning hole is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the screw 49. The bottom end of the rotating arm 411 is provided with a stepped hole, and the inner wall of the stepped hole is rotatably connected to the corresponding top rod 47.

[0032] Specifically, the connecting block 410 is connected to the screw 49 through the positioning hole, so that the screw 49 can rotate in the positioning hole. The rotating arm 411 is rotatably connected to the top rod 47 through the stepped hole to adapt to the change of connection angle under different motion states.

[0033] Example 2, refer to Figures 1-11 This is the second embodiment of the present invention. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the constraint unit includes an air chamber 412 fixedly connected to the upper part of the middle of the nozzle 41, several air pipes 413 fixedly connected to the top of the air chamber 412 in a ring array, a lifting plate 414 slidably connected to the bottom of the air chamber 412, a vertical plate 415 fixedly connected to the middle of the lifting plate 414, a knob 416 threadedly connected to the top of the vertical plate 415, guide posts 417 symmetrically fixedly connected to the bottom of the air chamber 412 near the edge, and guide sleeves 418 symmetrically fixedly connected to the top of the lifting plate 414 near the edge.

[0034] Specifically, after connecting the air pipe 413 to the air source, the airflow passes through the air pipe 413 and the air chamber 412 in sequence, and finally blows out from the bottom of the air chamber 412. Under the constraint of the shape of the air chamber 412, a C-shaped air curtain is formed, and the opening of the C-shaped air curtain faces the negative pressure pipe 44. When the atomized mixture is sprayed through the bottom of the nozzle 41, its diffusion range is constrained by the air curtain, and it can only be sprayed inside the air curtain to prevent the mixture from drifting or splashing onto areas of the steel that do not need to be welded. The mixture that fails to adhere to the steel plate will drift out through the opening of the air curtain and be collected by the negative pressure pipe 44. The air curtain needs to be adjusted. When the air curtain is within the specified range, the knob 416 is rotated to move it away from the air chamber 412, so that it is no longer in contact with the air chamber 412, thus releasing the constraint on the lifting plate 414 and the vertical plate 415. Then, the lifting plate 414 is moved down, and the lifting plate 414 drives the knob 416 to move down through the vertical plate 415. After the lifting plate 414 moves to the appropriate position, the knob 416 is reversed to fix the vertical plate 415 and the lifting plate 414 again. While the lifting plate 414 is moving, the guide sleeve 418 is also moving. The guide sleeve 418 cooperates with the guide column 417 to ensure that the lifting plate 414 moves in a vertical direction. When the guide slope on the lifting plate 414 moves to a position close to the bottom of the air chamber 412, the gas blown out of the air chamber 412 will flow in the direction of the axis of the air chamber 412 under the guidance of the guide slope, so that the air curtain forms a cone with the tip pointing downwards. By controlling the moving distance of the lifting plate 414, the cone of the air curtain can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the coverage range of the air curtain.

[0035] Reference Figure 8 and Figure 11 The top of the guide sleeve 418 is provided with a guide hole that extends to the bottom, and the inner wall of the guide hole is slidably connected to the outer wall of the guide post 417.

[0036] Specifically, the guide sleeve 418 is connected to the guide post 417 through the guide hole, so that it can only move up and down along the guide post 417, thereby constraining the movement direction of the lifting plate 414.

[0037] Reference Figures 9-11 The inner wall of the lifting plate 414 is provided with a guide slope, and the top of the vertical rod is provided with a threaded hole. The inner wall of the threaded hole is adapted to the outer wall of the knob 416 by a threaded connection.

[0038] Specifically, the lifting plate 414 controls the taper of the air curtain through the guide slope. When the guide slope is higher than the bottom of the air chamber 412, the airflow guided and deflected by the guide slope will be blocked and corrected by the inner wall of the air chamber 412, so it does not have the effect of changing the taper. The rest of the structure is the same as the structure of Embodiment 1.

[0039] Based on embodiments 1-2, the working principle of this invention is as follows: During operation, the moving module 2 moves the nozzle 41 to the starting point of the weld. The delivery pipe 43 injects a mixture of flux and welding material powder into the nozzle 41. The mixture is then dispersed into a fine mist by the ultrasonic atomizer 42 and sprayed out from the bottom fan-shaped channel, uniformly covering the surface of the area to be welded. Subsequently, the synchronously moving laser head 3 irradiates the coating layer. The mixed layer reduces the laser reflectivity, promotes the formation of the molten pool, and enhances the penetration, meeting the high-load welding requirements of steel structures. The length of the sprayed area is determined by the stroke of the moving module 2, while the width depends on the fan-shaped outlet cross-section formed by the inner and outer rotating shells 46 at the bottom of the nozzle 41.

[0040] When the spraying width needs to be adjusted, rotate the screw 49. The screw 49 is raised and lowered by the thread in the fixing block 48. The screw 49 presses down on the connecting block 410. The connecting block 410 pushes the top rods 47 on both sides through the rotating arm 411. The top rods 47 drive the inner rotating shell 45 and the outer rotating shell 46 to rotate in opposite directions along the ball head support shaft. The fan-shaped outlet cross section increases and the spraying range becomes wider. When the screw 49 rises, the bottoms of the two rotating shells come together and the spraying range is narrowed.

[0041] During the spraying process, compressed air is introduced into the air chamber 412 of the constraint unit, forming a C-shaped air curtain at the bottom with the opening facing the negative pressure pipe 44. This air curtain limits the dispersion range of the atomized mixture and prevents contamination of non-welding areas. Powder that fails to adhere is carried out from the opening of the air curtain by the airflow and is sucked away and recycled by the negative pressure pipe 44. Turning the knob 416 can unlock the lifting plate 414, allowing it to slide up and down along the guide post 417. When the guide slope on the lifting plate 414 approaches the bottom of the air chamber 412, it will guide the direction of the airflow, making the cone of the air curtain sharper, thereby adjusting the coverage range. The negative pressure pipe 44 simultaneously removes welding fumes and residual powder, realizing cleaning operations and material reuse.

[0042] Example 3, referring to Figures 1-11 The third embodiment of the present invention provides a laser welding process for steel materials used in steel structure construction, comprising the following steps: S1, firstly, the nozzle 41 is moved to the weld start area of ​​the steel to be welded by the moving module 2, and the spraying medium, which is a mixture of flux and welding material powder, is fed into the nozzle 41 through the delivery pipe 43. The ultrasonic atomizer 42 is activated to make the spraying medium form an atomized jet, which is sprayed out through the bottom of the nozzle 41 and evenly covers the weld surface and both sides. During welding, the laser acts on the sprayed layer first.

[0043] S2, then, the laser head 3 is moved to the starting area of ​​the weld seam that has been sprayed through the moving module 2, and the laser head 3 is started to weld. During the welding process, the laser beam acts on the sprayed flux and welding material powder layer, reducing the laser reflectivity, accelerating the formation of the molten pool and strengthening the penetration effect, so that the welding effect can meet the high load requirements of steel structure engineering on materials.

[0044] S3. Finally, the fumes and unreacted residual powder generated during the welding process are removed through the negative pressure pipe 44, completing the laser welding of the steel, recovering some raw materials while reducing pollution.

[0045] S4, flux and welding powder are mixed in a preset ratio. The welding powder is a fine powder suitable for atomization spraying. The thickness of the sprayed layer is a uniform thin layer. The sprayed coating adheres to the surface of the steel. By reducing the coating thickness, its fluidity and resistance to airflow are reduced.

[0046] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser welding device for steel structure construction, comprising a welding machine body (1), a moving module (2) disposed on the top of the welding machine body (1), and a laser head (3) disposed on the outside of the moving module (2), characterized in that: It also includes a spraying mechanism (4) located at the bottom of the moving module (2); The spraying mechanism (4) includes a nozzle (41) disposed at the bottom of the moving module (2), an ultrasonic atomizer (42) disposed on the inner wall of the nozzle (41), a delivery pipe (43) disposed in the middle of the nozzle (41), a negative pressure pipe (44) disposed at the bottom of the moving module (2) near the nozzle (41), an inner rotating shell (45) disposed on the outside of the nozzle (41), an outer rotating shell (46) disposed on the nozzle (41) near the inner rotating shell (45), and two shells respectively disposed on the inner rotating shell (45) and the outer rotating shell (46). A top rod (47) near the negative pressure pipe (44), a fixing block (48) in the middle of the nozzle (41) near the negative pressure pipe (44), a screw (49) on the inner wall of the fixing block (48), a connecting block (410) at the bottom of the screw (49), a rotating arm (411) symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the connecting block (410), the two ends of the rotating arm (411) being rotatably connected to the connecting block (410) and the corresponding top rod (47) respectively, and a constraint unit in the upper middle part of the nozzle (41).

2. The laser welding device for steel materials used in steel structure construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle (41) has a nozzle at the bottom, and the outer rotating shell (46) and the inner rotating shell (45) both have slots at the bottom.

3. The laser welding device for steel materials used in steel structure construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the fixing block (48) is provided with a threaded hole that extends to the bottom, and the outer wall of the screw (49) is threadedly connected to the threaded hole.

4. The laser welding device for steel materials used in steel structure construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle (41) has a ball head at its bottom and symmetrical support shafts on both sides of the ball head. The inner rotating shell (45) and the outer rotating shell (46) are matched with the ball head in shape, and the top of the inner rotating shell (45) and the outer rotating shell (46) are rotatably connected to the short shaft.

5. The laser welding device for steel materials used in steel structure construction according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top of the connecting block (410) is provided with a positioning hole, the inner wall of the positioning hole is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the screw (49), and the bottom end of the rotating arm (411) is provided with a stepped hole, the inner wall of the stepped hole is rotatably connected to the corresponding top rod (47).

6. The laser welding device for steel materials used in steel structure construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constraint unit includes an air chamber (412) located at the upper middle part of the nozzle (41), several air pipes (413) arranged in a ring array at the top of the air chamber (412), a lifting plate (414) located at the bottom of the air chamber (412), a vertical plate (415) located in the middle of the lifting plate (414), a knob (416) located at the top of the vertical plate (415), guide posts (417) symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the air chamber (412) near the edge, and guide sleeves (418) symmetrically arranged at the top of the lifting plate (414) near the edge.

7. The laser welding device for steel materials used in steel structure construction according to claim 6, characterized in that, The top of the guide sleeve (418) is provided with a guide hole that extends to the bottom, and the inner wall of the guide hole is slidably connected to the outer wall of the guide post (417).

8. The laser welding device for steel materials used in steel structure construction according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inner wall of the lifting plate (414) is provided with a guide slope, and the top of the vertical rod is provided with a threaded hole. The inner wall of the threaded hole is adapted to the outer wall of the knob (416) with a threaded connection.

9. A laser welding process for steel used in steel structure construction, applied to the laser welding apparatus for steel used in steel structure construction as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: First, the nozzle (41) is moved to the weld start area of ​​the steel to be welded by the moving module (2). The spraying medium, which is a mixture of flux and welding material powder, is fed into the nozzle (41) through the delivery pipe (43). The ultrasonic atomizer (42) is activated to make the spraying medium form an atomized jet, which is sprayed out through the bottom of the nozzle (41) and evenly covers the weld surface and both sides. Then, the laser head (3) is moved to the starting area of ​​the weld seam that has been sprayed through the moving module (2), and the laser head (3) is started to weld. During the welding process, the laser beam acts on the sprayed flux and welding powder layer, reducing the laser reflectivity, accelerating the formation of the molten pool and strengthening the penetration effect. Finally, the fumes and residual powder that did not participate in the reaction generated during the welding process are removed by the negative pressure pipe (44) to complete the laser welding of the steel.

10. The laser welding process for steel used in steel structure construction according to claim 9, characterized in that, The flux and welding powder are mixed in a preset ratio. The welding powder is a fine powder suitable for atomization spraying, and the thickness of the sprayed layer is a uniform thin layer.

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