Electrostatic adsorption type plastic and metal solid waste grading separation device

Abstract

The application discloses a static adsorption type plastic and metal solid waste grading separation device, and relates to the technical field of solid waste separation.The device comprises a grading box, a first fixed plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the grading box, a spring is fixedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the first fixed plate, a table plate is fixedly connected to the end of the spring away from the first fixed plate, a suction box and a support frame are fixedly connected to the bottom of the table plate; a grading screening assembly is arranged in the grading box; a dust collection assembly for adsorbing metal particles and a discharge assembly for releasing voltage are arranged in the suction box.In the application, the grading separation mode of "grading screening combined with large-particle-size air separation and small-and-medium-particle-size static adsorption" is adopted, so that efficient separation of solid wastes with different particle sizes and different materials is realized, and the structure linkage design of screening, air separation and static adsorption greatly improves the separation efficiency and purity, and meets the use requirement of people.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid waste separation technology, and more specifically, to an electrostatic adsorption-type graded separation device for plastic and metal solid waste. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of industrial production and daily life, the amount of mixed solid waste of plastics and metals is increasing year by year. The efficient separation and recycling of this type of solid waste can not only reduce environmental pollution, but also realize resource recycling, which has important economic and environmental value.

[0003] Currently, solid waste separation equipment on the market is mainly divided into single separation modes such as screening, air classification, and magnetic attraction. Screening can only classify based on particle size and cannot distinguish between metals and plastics, resulting in a large workload for subsequent separation. Air classification relies on differences in material density and inertia, and is effective for separating large-diameter materials, but has low separation accuracy for mixed particles of small and medium diameters, and is prone to the mixing of metal and plastic particles. Traditional magnetic attraction can only specifically separate ferromagnetic metals and is completely ineffective for non-ferromagnetic metals (such as aluminum, copper, and stainless steel), showing obvious limitations in material compatibility. Furthermore, during the magnetic attraction process, metal particles are prone to adsorption and clumping, making it difficult to completely detach, thus limiting the separation purity. At the same time, the magnetic field strength of the magnetic attraction module decays rapidly with distance, and has almost no separation effect on small and medium-diameter non-ferromagnetic metal particles, further narrowing its applicable scope and failing to meet the comprehensive separation needs of plastics and all types of mixed metal solid waste. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an electrostatic adsorption-based plastic and metal solid waste classification and separation device to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the problems in related technologies, this invention proposes an electrostatic adsorption-type graded separation device for plastic and metal solid waste, in order to overcome the aforementioned technical problems existing in the existing related technologies.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: An electrostatic adsorption-type plastic and metal solid waste grading and separation device includes a grading box, a first fixing plate fixedly connected to the bottom end of the grading box, a spring fixedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the first fixing plate, a platform fixedly connected to the end of the spring away from the first fixing plate, and an adsorption box and a support frame fixedly connected to the bottom of the platform. The grading box is equipped with a grading and screening component; The adsorption box is equipped with a dust collection component for adsorbing metal particles and a discharge component for releasing voltage. The dust collection component is located on both sides of the discharge component, and an electric field with an attractive force on the metal particles is formed between the dust collection component and the discharge component. The adsorption box is equipped with a blowing assembly inside to slow down the descent speed of the metal-plastic mixed particles.

[0006] Preferably, the discharge assembly includes a discharge column, and the outer circumferential wall of the discharge column is fixedly connected with a first barb and a second barb that are distributed in a circular pattern at equal intervals, and both the first barb and the second barb are conical.

[0007] Preferably, the first and second barbs that are adjacent to each other are staggered, the length of the second barb is shorter than that of the first barb, and the outer circumferential walls of the first and second barbs are provided with discharge grooves, which are spiral in shape.

[0008] Preferably, the dust collection assembly includes a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate, both of which have arc-shaped cross-sections, and the radius of curvature of the first electrode plate is smaller than that of the second electrode plate.

[0009] Preferably, the grading and screening assembly includes a first screen, a second screen, and a third screen, which are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the grading box from top to bottom. The screen openings of the first screen, the second screen, and the third screen gradually decrease in size. A partition is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the first fixed plate. The partition is located below the third screen. A baffle frame is fixedly connected to one end of the partition to prevent the mixed metal and plastic particles from being blown away and overflowing when they fall. One end of the baffle frame is located inside the adsorption box. A vibration motor is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first fixed plate.

[0010] Preferably, guide plates are fixedly connected to both inner walls of the grading box. The guide plates are inclined, with one end of the guide plate located above the dust collection component. A vertical plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the guide plate, and the bottom end of the vertical plate is fixedly connected to the dust collection component.

[0011] Preferably, a discharge trough is provided on one side of the outer wall of the grading box, and a first discharge hopper is fixedly connected to one side of the discharge trough.

[0012] Preferably, a top cover is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the first unloading hopper, a blower is fixedly connected to one side outer wall of the first unloading hopper, a fixed pipe is fixedly connected to one end of the blower, and air inlet pipes are fixedly connected to the circumferential outer wall of the fixed pipe at equal intervals. The other end of the air inlet pipe extends into the interior of the first unloading hopper, and a rectangular groove is opened on the side of the first unloading hopper away from the blower. A second unloading hopper is fixedly connected to one side of the rectangular groove.

[0013] Preferably, the bottom of the adsorption box is provided with a feeding trough, and horizontal plates are fixedly connected to the inner walls of both sides of the feeding trough. A connecting column is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the discharge column, and the top of the connecting column is fixedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the third screen.

[0014] Preferably, the blowing assembly includes a connecting pipe fixedly connected to one end of the fixed pipe. The connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the outer circumferential wall below the adsorption box with vertical pipes distributed at equal intervals. The end of the vertical pipe away from the connecting pipe passes through the interior of the horizontal plate and extends into the interior of the adsorption box. A second arc-shaped plate is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the horizontal plate. A first arc-shaped plate is fixedly connected to the top of the second arc-shaped plate. The outer circumferential wall of the first arc-shaped plate is inclined with air outlet holes distributed at equal intervals. A circular groove is formed on the outer circumferential wall of the first arc-shaped plate. The depth of the circular groove gradually increases from top to bottom. The circular groove is eccentrically positioned with respect to the air outlet holes.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention provides an electrostatic adsorption-type grading and separation device for plastic and metal solid waste. Through a grading and screening component, solid waste is first fed into a grading box via a conveyor belt. The solid waste enters the grading box and is quickly graded and screened by the first, second, and third screens, whose mesh sizes gradually decrease from top to bottom. During the screening process, the vibration of the vibrating motor at the bottom of the first fixed plate and the elastic deformation of the springs effectively improve the screening efficiency and effect. Simultaneously, the thickness of the first, second, and third screens gradually decreases from left to right, forming a sloping structure that facilitates the discharge of the screened solid waste from the discharge chute to the first discharge hopper. Once the solid waste reaches the first discharge hopper, a blower on one side of the hopper is activated. Airflow is then introduced into the hopper through the blower, fixed pipe, and air inlet pipe. Utilizing the density and inertia differences between metal and plastic, large-diameter metal and plastic particles are separated by air separation. This allows metal solid waste to be discharged from the end of the discharge chute while plastic solid waste is discharged from the second discharge chute, effectively solving the problem of traditional screening methods that only separate by size and not by material.

[0016] This invention provides an electrostatic adsorption-type grading and separation device for plastic and metal solid waste. Through a blowing assembly, airflow is delivered via a blower, fixed pipe, connecting pipe, and vertical pipe to below the first arc-shaped plate (the connecting pipe is connected to the lowest fixed pipe, effectively diverting the airflow within the connecting pipe and preventing the blower from blowing away the metal solid waste screened on the third screen along with the plastic solid waste due to excessive blower force). At this point, the first arc-shaped plate and two second arc-shaped plates form a wind resistance chamber. The airflow within this chamber exits through inclined air outlets, providing an upward-sloping airflow to the falling solid waste particles in the adsorption box. This effectively slows the falling speed of the mixed metal and plastic particles, increasing the residence time of the particles in the electrostatic field within the adsorption box, allowing the metal particles more time to be ionized and charged by the discharge assembly. This significantly improves the success rate and thoroughness of electrostatic adsorption. On the other hand, the upward-sloping wind can create a uniform dispersion effect on the falling particles, preventing small-diameter metal and plastic particles from clumping together and ensuring that each particle can fully contact the electric field. At the same time, the inclined wind can blow the solid waste mixture towards the dust collection component, actively pushing the mixed particles closer to the dust collection plates on both sides, allowing the metal particles to contact the plates more quickly and accurately after being charged, thus greatly improving the capture probability of metal particles and avoiding the situation where adsorption is not timely due to particles falling in the center area of ​​the electric field. Moreover, the pushing effect of the inclined wind and the adsorption force of the electrostatic field have a synergistic effect. Even very small and light metal particles can be adsorbed by the plates under the dual action of wind pushing and electric field attraction, effectively reducing the escape rate of fine metal particles and further improving the separation purity of small-diameter materials.

[0017] This invention provides an electrostatic adsorption-based graded separation device for plastic and metal solid waste. Through the arrangement of a dust collection component and a discharge component, the first and second spikes on the discharge column of the discharge component inside the adsorption box are both conical. The conical structure concentrates the electric field intensity at the tip, rapidly ionizing air molecules in the lateral airflow and forming a high-density corona region. This ensures that the metal particles pushed by the airflow quickly become charged during their displacement. Compared to traditional cylindrical spikes, the discharge efficiency of the conical spikes is significantly improved, thereby shortening the charging time of the metal particles and preventing them from falling out due to gravity before they can be charged. Simultaneously, the first and second spikes, arranged in an alternating, equidistant circular pattern, effectively overcome the limitations of "planar discharge," creating a "three-dimensional" discharge column around the discharge column. The "discharge network" covers the entire electric field area, preventing materials pushed by lateral airflow from becoming uncharged due to deviation from the single-row barb discharge area. At the same time, the differentiated setting of the lengths of the first and second barbs can optimize the electric field distribution, making the electric field strength deviation between the side and the central area of ​​the dust collection component smaller. The first electrode plate with a steep upper curvature in the dust collection component corresponds to the main pushing area of ​​the lateral airflow. The steep concave surface can quickly receive the deviated material, preventing the material from passing over the electrode plate due to excessive airflow thrust. The second electrode plate with a gentle lower curvature can adapt to the material's downward trajectory. The gentle concave surface can reduce the material's downward speed, ensuring that the metal particles are fully adsorbed. After the entire separation process is completed, the staff disconnects the power. At this time, the metal particles adsorbed on the dust collection component will fall off due to gravity, thus completing the effective separation of metal particles and plastic particles. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall front structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall rear structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A magnified structural diagram of point A in the middle.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall bottom view of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6This is a top view of the internal structure of the adsorption box of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the discharge assembly of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 A magnified structural diagram at point B in the middle.

[0027] In the picture: 1. Grading box; 2. Adsorption box; 3. First fixed plate; 4. Spring; 5. Platform; 6. Baffle frame; 7. Support frame; 8. First discharge hopper; 9. Top cover; 10. Second discharge hopper; 11. Discharge chute; 12. Blower; 13. Fixed pipe; 14. Air inlet pipe; 15. Connecting pipe; 16. First screen; 17. Second screen; 18. Third screen; 19. Partition plate; 20. Guide plate; 21. Dust collection assembly; 2101, first electrode plate; 2102, second electrode plate; 22, discharge assembly; 2201, discharge column; 2202, connecting column; 2203, first barb; 2204, second barb; 2205, discharge trough; 23, vertical pipe; 24, horizontal plate; 25, material feeding trough; 26, first arc-shaped plate; 27, second arc-shaped plate; 28, air outlet; 29, circular trough; 30, vibration motor. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Please see Figures 1-8 An electrostatic adsorption type plastic and metal solid waste grading and separation device includes a grading box 1, a first fixing plate 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the grading box 1, a spring 4 is fixedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the first fixing plate 3, a platform 5 is fixedly connected to the end of the spring 4 away from the first fixing plate 3, and an adsorption box 2 and a support frame 7 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the platform 5. The grading box 1 is equipped with a grading and screening component; The adsorption box 2 is equipped with a dust collection component 21 for adsorbing metal particles and a discharge component 22 for releasing voltage. The dust collection component 21 is located on both sides of the discharge component 22, and an electric field with attraction to metal particles is formed between the dust collection component 21 and the discharge component 22. The adsorption box 2 is equipped with a blowing assembly to slow down the descent speed of the metal-plastic mixed particles.

[0030] Furthermore, the discharge assembly 22 includes a discharge column 2201. The outer circumference of the discharge column 2201 is fixedly connected with equidistant, circularly distributed first spikes 2203 and second spikes 2204. Both the first spikes 2203 and second spikes 2204 are conical. The conical structure allows the electric field strength to be concentrated at the tip, rapidly ionizing air molecules in the lateral airflow and forming a high-density corona region. This ensures that the metal particles pushed by the airflow quickly become charged during the displacement process. Compared to traditional cylindrical spikes, the discharge efficiency of the conical spikes is significantly higher. This significantly improves the charging time of metal particles, preventing them from falling out due to gravity before they can be charged. The first and second spikes 2204, arranged in an alternating, equidistant circular pattern, effectively overcome the limitations of "planar discharge," forming a "three-dimensional discharge network" around the discharge column 2201 and covering the entire electric field area. This prevents materials pushed by lateral airflow from being uncharged due to deviation from the single-row spike discharge area. Furthermore, the differentiated lengths of the first and second spikes 2203 and 2204 optimize the electric field distribution, resulting in a smaller deviation in electric field strength between the side and center areas of the dust collection component 21.

[0031] Furthermore, the adjacent first barbs 2203 and second barbs 2204 are staggered, with the length of the second barb 2204 being shorter than that of the first barb 2203. Discharge grooves 2205 are formed on the outer circumferential walls of both the first barb 2203 and the second barb 2204. The discharge grooves 2205 are spiral-shaped, which increases the discharge surface area of ​​the first barb 2203 and the second barb 2204, strengthens the "multi-point effect" of corona discharge, expands the high-density corona region around the tip, and allows the metal particles to be induced to charge faster in the lateral airflow. It also optimizes the uniformity of the electric field distribution. Combined with the double-row staggered long and short conical barb structure, it further improves the coverage effect of the three-dimensional discharge network and reduces discharge dead zones. At the same time, the spiral structure can reduce the accumulation of eddies in the airflow on the barb surface, ensure discharge stability, and significantly improve the charging efficiency and electrostatic adsorption of the metal particles.

[0032] Furthermore, the dust collection component 21 includes a first electrode plate 2101 and a second electrode plate 2102. The cross-sections of both the first electrode plate 2101 and the second electrode plate 2102 are arc-shaped. The radius of curvature of the first electrode plate 2101 is smaller than that of the second electrode plate 2102. The first electrode plate 2101, which has a steep upper curvature in the dust collection component 21, corresponds to the main pushing area of ​​the lateral airflow. The steep concave surface can quickly receive the offset material and prevent the material from passing over the electrode plate due to excessive airflow thrust. The second electrode plate 2102, which has a gentle lower curvature, can adapt to the downward trajectory of the material. The gentle concave surface can reduce the downward speed of the material and ensure that the metal particles are fully adsorbed. After the entire separation process is completed, the operator disconnects the power supply. At this time, the metal particles adsorbed on the dust collection component 21 will fall off due to gravity, thus completing the effective separation of metal particles and plastic particles.

[0033] Furthermore, the grading and screening assembly includes a first screen 16, a second screen 17, and a third screen 18, which are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the grading box 1 from top to bottom. The screen openings of the first screen 16, the second screen 17, and the third screen 18 gradually decrease in size. A partition 19 is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the first fixed plate 3. The partition 19 is located below the third screen 18. A baffle frame 6 is fixedly connected to one end of the partition 19 to prevent the mixed metal and plastic particles from being blown away and overflowing when they fall. One end of the baffle frame 6 is located inside the adsorption box 2. A vibration motor 30 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed plate 3. Solid waste entering the grading box 1 can be quickly graded and screened by the first, second, and third screens with gradually decreasing screen holes from top to bottom. During the screening process, the vibration of the vibration motor 30 at the bottom of the first fixed plate 3 and the elastic deformation of the spring 4 can effectively improve the screening efficiency and effect. At the same time, the thickness of the first, second, and third screens gradually decreases from left to right, thus forming a sloping structure to facilitate the discharge of the screened solid waste from the discharge chute 11 to the first discharge hopper 8.

[0034] Furthermore, guide plates 20 are fixedly connected to both inner walls of the grading box 1. The guide plates 20 are inclined, with one end of the guide plate 20 located above the dust collection component 21. A vertical plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the guide plate 20, and the bottom end of the vertical plate is fixedly connected to the dust collection component 21.

[0035] Furthermore, a discharge trough 11 is provided on one side of the outer wall of the grading box 1, and a first discharge hopper 8 is fixedly connected to one side of the discharge trough 11.

[0036] Furthermore, a top cover 9 is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the first unloading hopper 8, and a blower 12 is fixedly connected to one side outer wall of the first unloading hopper 8. A fixed pipe 13 is fixedly connected to one end of the blower 12, and air inlet pipes 14 are fixedly connected to the circumferential outer wall of the fixed pipe 13 at equal intervals. The other end of the air inlet pipe 14 extends into the interior of the first unloading hopper 8. A rectangular groove is opened on the side of the first unloading hopper 8 away from the blower 12, and a second unloading hopper 10 is fixedly connected to one side of the rectangular groove. When the blower 12 on one side of the first unloading hopper 8 is started, airflow is introduced into the hopper through the blower 12, the fixed pipe 13, and the air inlet pipe 14. By utilizing the density and inertia difference between metal and plastic, large-diameter metal and plastic particles are separated by air separation. This enables metal solid waste to be discharged from the end of the unloading trough 11 and plastic solid waste to be discharged from the second unloading trough 11, effectively solving the problem that traditional screening only separates by size and not by material.

[0037] Furthermore, a feeding trough 25 is provided at the bottom of the adsorption box 2. Horizontal plates 24 are fixedly connected to the inner walls of both sides of the feeding trough 25. A connecting column 2202 is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the discharge column 2201. The top of the connecting column 2202 is fixedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the third screen 18. During the shaking process of the grading box 1 caused by the vibration motor 30 and spring 4, the discharge assembly 22 is driven to shake three-dimensionally through the connecting column 2202, which can form a dynamically changing three-dimensional discharge network and form a "sweeping" corona coverage. This can increase the probability of small-diameter metal particles being charged, and can also prevent fine particles from adhering to the barbs (including the spiral discharge trough 2205) through inertial force, effectively reducing the dust accumulation rate.

[0038] Furthermore, the blowing assembly includes a connecting pipe 15 fixedly connected to one end of the fixed pipe 13. Vertical pipes 23, evenly distributed, are fixedly connected to the outer circumferential wall of the connecting pipe 15 below the adsorption box 2. The end of the vertical pipe 23 away from the connecting pipe 15 passes through the interior of the horizontal plate 24 and extends into the interior of the adsorption box 2. A second arc-shaped plate 27 is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the horizontal plate 24. A first arc-shaped plate 26 is fixedly connected to the top of the second arc-shaped plate 27. The outer circumferential wall of the first arc-shaped plate 26 is inclined with evenly distributed air outlet holes 28. The blowing assembly inside the adsorption box 2 delivers airflow to below the first arc-shaped plate 26 via the blower 12, fixed pipe 13, connecting pipe 15, and vertical pipes 23 (the connecting pipe 15 and the lowest fixed pipe 13 are connected to the connecting pipe 13). The connection of the three sections effectively diverts the airflow within the connecting pipe 15, preventing the blower 12 from blowing away the metal solid waste and plastic solid waste screened on the third screen 18 due to excessive force. At this time, the first arc-shaped plate 26 and the two second arc-shaped plates 27 form a wind resistance cavity. The airflow within the wind resistance cavity is blown out through the inclined air outlet 28, providing an upward-sloping airflow to the solid waste particles falling within the adsorption box 2. This effectively slows the falling speed of the mixed metal and plastic particles, increasing the residence time of the particles in the electrostatic field within the adsorption box 2, allowing the metal particles more time to be ionized and charged by the discharge component 22, significantly improving the success rate and thoroughness of electrostatic adsorption. Furthermore, the upward-sloping airflow... The wind force can evenly disperse falling particles, preventing small-diameter metal and plastic particles from clumping together and ensuring that each particle can fully contact the electric field. Simultaneously, the tilted wind force blows the solid waste mixture towards the dust collection component 21, actively pushing the mixed particles closer to the dust collection plates on both sides. This allows metal particles, after being charged, to contact the plates more quickly and accurately for adsorption, significantly increasing the capture probability of metal particles and preventing delayed adsorption due to particles falling in the center of the electric field. Furthermore, the pushing effect of the tilted wind force and the adsorption force of the electrostatic field work synergistically, ensuring that even extremely small and lightweight metal particles can be adsorbed by the plates under the combined action of wind force and electric field attraction, effectively reducing the concentration of fine particles. The escape rate of metals further improves the separation purity of small-diameter materials. The outer circumference of the first arc plate 26 is provided with a circular groove 29. The depth of the circular groove 29 gradually increases from top to bottom. The circular groove 29 and the air outlet 28 are eccentrically set, which can adapt to the speed changes of solid waste particles during the falling process. It forms a uniform and suitable wind force guidance effect for particles at different falling stages, effectively optimizing the airflow distribution inside the wind resistance cavity, avoiding the problems of particle dispersion and poor pushing effect caused by concentrated airflow or uneven wind force. In conjunction with the inclined air outlet 28, the upward wind force is made more stable and more in line with the falling trajectory of particles, ensuring the effect of particle dispersion, slow descent and pushing to the dust collection component 21, and improving the stability of electrostatic adsorption and the capture efficiency of metal particles.

[0039] In summary, with the aid of the above-mentioned technical solution of the present invention, during use, the worker first feeds the solid waste material into the grading box 1 via a conveyor belt. The solid waste material entering the grading box 1 can be quickly graded and screened by passing through the first, second, and third screens with gradually decreasing mesh sizes from top to bottom. Furthermore, during the screening process, the vibration of the vibrating motor 30 at the bottom of the first fixed plate 3 and the elastic deformation of the spring 4 effectively improve the screening efficiency and effect. Simultaneously, the thickness of the first, second, and third screens gradually decreases from left to right, thus forming an inclined... The sloping structure facilitates the discharge of the screened solid waste from the discharge chute 11 to the first discharge hopper 8. When the solid waste moves to the first discharge hopper 8, the blower 12 on one side of the first discharge hopper 8 is started. At this time, airflow is introduced into the hopper through the blower 12, the fixed pipe 13 and the air inlet pipe 14. The air separation of large-diameter metal and plastic is achieved by utilizing the density and inertia difference between metal and plastic. Metal solid waste can be discharged from the end of the discharge chute 11 while plastic solid waste is discharged from the second discharge chute 11, which effectively solves the problem that traditional screening only separates by size and not by material. After screening, the small-diameter mixed particles are guided into the adsorption box 2 through the partition 19 and the baffle frame 6. The baffle frame 6 prevents the particles from being blown away by the wind and overflowing when falling. The guide plate 20 further guides the particles precisely above the dust collection component 21. At the same time, the blowing component in the adsorption box 2 delivers airflow to the area below the first arc plate 26 through the blower 12, fixed pipe 13, connecting pipe 15, and vertical pipe 23 (the connecting pipe 15 is connected to the lowest fixed pipe 13, which can effectively achieve airflow within the connecting pipe 15). The airflow is diverted to prevent the blower 12 from blowing away the metal solid waste and plastic solid waste screened on the third screen 18 due to excessive airflow. At this time, the first arc plate 26 and the two second arc plates 27 can form a wind resistance cavity. The airflow in the wind resistance cavity is blown out through the inclined air outlet 28, which can provide an upward wind force for the solid waste particles falling in the adsorption box 2. On the one hand, it can effectively slow down the falling speed of the metal and plastic mixed particles and increase the particles in the adsorption box 2. The residence time in the electrostatic field allows metal particles more time to be ionized and charged by the discharge component 22, greatly improving the success rate and thoroughness of electrostatic adsorption. On the other hand, the upward-sloping wind can create a uniform dispersion effect on the falling particles, preventing small-diameter metal and plastic particles from clumping together and ensuring that each particle can fully contact the electric field. At the same time, the inclined wind can blow the solid waste mixture towards the dust collection component 21, actively pushing the mixed particles closer to the dust collection plates on both sides, so that the metal particles can contact the plates more quickly and accurately after being charged, greatly improving the capture probability of metal particles and avoiding the situation where adsorption is not timely due to particles falling in the center area of ​​the electric field. Moreover, the pushing effect of the inclined wind and the adsorption force of the electrostatic field form a synergistic effect. Even very small and light metal particles can be adsorbed by the plates under the dual action of wind pushing and electric field attraction, effectively reducing the escape rate of fine metal particles and further improving the separation purity of small-diameter materials. Meanwhile, the depth of the circular groove 29 eccentrically set on the outer wall of the first arc plate 26 gradually increases from top to bottom, which can adapt to the speed changes of solid waste particles during the falling process, and form a uniform and suitable wind force guidance effect for particles at different falling stages. This effectively optimizes the airflow distribution inside the wind resistance cavity, avoids the problems of particle dispersion and poor pushing effect caused by concentrated airflow or uneven wind force. Combined with the inclined air outlet 28, it further makes the upward wind force more stable and more in line with the falling trajectory of particles, ensuring the effect of particle dispersion, slow descent and pushing to the dust collection component 21, and improving the stability of electrostatic adsorption and the capture efficiency of metal particles. The first spike 2203 and the second spike 2204 on the discharge column 2201 of the discharge assembly 22 inside the adsorption box 2 are both conical. The conical structure allows the electric field strength to be concentrated at the tip, rapidly ionizing air molecules in the lateral airflow and forming a high-density corona region. This ensures that the metal particles pushed by the airflow are quickly induced to become charged during the displacement process. Compared with traditional cylindrical spikes, the discharge efficiency of the conical spikes is significantly improved, thereby shortening the charging time of the metal particles and preventing the metal particles from falling out due to gravity before they have a chance to become charged. At the same time, the first and second spikes 2204, which are distributed in an alternating, equidistant circular pattern, effectively solve the limitation of "planar discharge" and can form a "three-dimensional discharge network" around the discharge column 2201 and cover the entire electric field area, preventing the lateral airflow from pushing the particles out of the discharge column 2201. The material being transported is not charged because it deviates from the single-row barb discharge area. Meanwhile, the differentiated lengths of the first barb 2203 and the second barb 2204 optimize the electric field distribution, making the electric field strength deviation between the side and the center area of ​​the dust collection component 21 smaller. The first electrode plate 2101 with a steep upper curvature in the dust collection component 21 corresponds to the main pushing area of ​​the lateral airflow. The steep concave surface can quickly receive the deviated material, preventing the material from passing over the electrode plate due to excessive airflow thrust. The second electrode plate 2102 with a gentle lower curvature can adapt to the material's downward trajectory. The gentle concave surface can reduce the material's downward speed, ensuring that the metal particles are fully adsorbed. After the entire separation process is completed, the operator disconnects the power supply. At this time, the metal particles adsorbed on the dust collection component 21 will fall off due to gravity, thus completing the effective separation of metal particles and plastic particles.

[0040] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrostatic adsorption type plastic and metal solid waste grading and separation device, comprising a grading box (1), characterized in that, The bottom end of the grading box (1) is fixedly connected to a first fixing plate (3), and a spring (4) is fixedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the first fixing plate (3). The end of the spring (4) away from the first fixing plate (3) is fixedly connected to a platform (5), and the bottom of the platform (5) is fixedly connected to an adsorption box (2) and a support frame (7). The grading box (1) is equipped with a grading and screening component inside; The adsorption box (2) is equipped with a dust collection component (21) for adsorbing metal particles and a discharge component (22) for releasing voltage. The dust collection component (21) is located on both sides of the discharge component (22), and an electric field with attraction to metal particles is formed between the dust collection component (21) and the discharge component (22). The adsorption box (2) is equipped with a blower assembly for slowing down the descent speed of the metal-plastic mixed particles.

2. The electrostatic adsorption type graded separation device for plastic and metal solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discharge assembly (22) includes a discharge column (2201), and the outer circumference of the discharge column (2201) is fixedly connected with a first awn (2203) and a second awn (2204) that are distributed in a circular pattern at equal intervals. Both the first awn (2203) and the second awn (2204) are conical.

3. The electrostatic adsorption type graded separation device for plastic and metal solid waste according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first awn (2203) and the second awn (2204) that are adjacent to each other are staggered. The length of the second awn (2204) is less than that of the first awn (2203). The outer circumferential wall of the first awn (2203) and the second awn (2204) are provided with discharge grooves (2205), and the discharge grooves (2205) are spiral.

4. The electrostatic adsorption type graded separation device for plastic and metal solid waste according to claim 3, characterized in that, The dust collection assembly (21) includes a first electrode plate (2101) and a second electrode plate (2102). The cross-sections of the first electrode plate (2101) and the second electrode plate (2102) are both arc-shaped, and the radius of curvature of the first electrode plate (2101) is smaller than that of the second electrode plate (2102).

5. The electrostatic adsorption type graded separation device for plastic and metal solid waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, The grading and screening assembly includes a first screen (16), a second screen (17), and a third screen (18) that are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the grading box (1) from top to bottom. The screen holes of the first screen (16), the second screen (17), and the third screen (18) gradually decrease in size. A partition (19) is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the first fixing plate (3). The partition (19) is located below the third screen (18). A baffle frame (6) is fixedly connected to one end of the partition (19) to prevent the mixed metal and plastic particles from being blown away and overflowing when they fall. One end of the baffle frame (6) is located inside the adsorption box (2). A vibration motor (30) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first fixing plate (3).

6. The electrostatic adsorption type graded separation device for plastic and metal solid waste according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner walls of both sides of the grading box (1) are fixedly connected with guide plates (20). The guide plates (20) are inclined. One end of the guide plate (20) is located above the dust collection component (21). A vertical plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the guide plate (20). The bottom end of the vertical plate is fixedly connected to the dust collection component (21).

7. The electrostatic adsorption type graded separation device for plastic and metal solid waste according to claim 6, characterized in that, The grading box (1) has a discharge trough (11) on one side of its outer wall, and a first discharge hopper (8) is fixedly connected to one side of the discharge trough (11).

8. The electrostatic adsorption type graded separation device for plastic and metal solid waste according to claim 7, characterized in that, A top cover (9) is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the first unloading hopper (8). A blower (12) is fixedly connected to one side outer wall of the first unloading hopper (8). A fixed pipe (13) is fixedly connected to one end of the blower (12). An air inlet pipe (14) is fixedly connected to the circumferential outer wall of the fixed pipe (13). The other end of the air inlet pipe (14) extends into the interior of the first unloading hopper (8). A rectangular groove is opened on the side of the first unloading hopper (8) away from the blower (12). A second unloading hopper (10) is fixedly connected to one side of the rectangular groove.

9. The electrostatic adsorption type graded separation device for plastic and metal solid waste according to claim 8, characterized in that, The bottom of the adsorption box (2) is provided with a feeding trough (25), and the inner walls on both sides of the feeding trough (25) are fixedly connected with horizontal plates (24). The top outer wall of the discharge column (2201) is fixedly connected with a connecting column (2202), and the top of the connecting column (2202) is fixedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the third screen (18).

10. The electrostatic adsorption type graded separation device for plastic and metal solid waste according to claim 9, characterized in that, The blowing assembly includes a connecting pipe (15) fixedly connected to one end of the fixed pipe (13). The connecting pipe (15) is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the adsorption box (2) with vertical pipes (23) distributed at equal intervals. The end of the vertical pipe (23) away from the connecting pipe (15) passes through the interior of the horizontal plate (24) and extends into the interior of the adsorption box (2). The top outer wall of the horizontal plate (24) is fixedly connected to a second arc plate (27). The top of the second arc plate (27) is fixedly connected to a first arc plate (26). The outer circumference of the first arc plate (26) is inclined with air outlet holes (28) distributed at equal intervals. The outer circumference of the first arc plate (26) is provided with a circular groove (29). The depth of the circular groove (29) gradually increases from top to bottom. The circular groove (29) and the air outlet hole (28) are eccentrically arranged.

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