High-power magnetron cathode operating temperature detection and real-time control device

Abstract

The application discloses a high-power magnetron cathode working temperature detection and real-time control device, and relates to the technical field of magnetron temperature detection.The technical points of the application include a composite detection module, an intelligent control module, an execution adjustment module, an anti-interference module and an environment adaptation module.The composite detection module is used for collecting magnetron cathode working temperature signals and pre-processing.The intelligent control module is used for receiving temperature signals and outputting control instructions.The execution adjustment module is used for adjusting the cathode temperature according to the control instructions.The anti-interference module is used for inhibiting electromagnetic interference.The environment adaptation module is used for collecting working condition parameters and feeding back to the intelligent control module.The technical effect is that the application solves the problems of large detection error and unstable signals of the existing device in a high-power high-frequency environment, ensures the accuracy and reliability of temperature detection, realizes real-time and accurate control of the cathode temperature, and ensures the stability of the magnetron output power and frequency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of magnetron temperature detection technology, specifically a device for detecting and controlling the working temperature of a high-power magnetron cathode in real time. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of microwave technology in industry, military, medical and other fields, the demand for high-power magnetrons is increasing, and the requirements for their operational stability and service life are also constantly improving. As the core component of the magnetron, the stability of the cathode's operating temperature directly affects the magnetron's output power, frequency stability and service life. Therefore, the detection and control of the cathode's operating temperature has become a core technical challenge in the research and development and application of high-power magnetrons.

[0003] Currently, existing technologies for detecting and controlling the cathode temperature of high-power magnetrons suffer from the following drawbacks: limited detection methods, low accuracy, and weak anti-interference capabilities. Existing technologies primarily employ single contact or non-contact detection methods. Contact detection mainly uses thermocouples, but in the high-frequency electromagnetic field environment of high-power magnetrons, they are susceptible to electromagnetic interference, resulting in electromotive force distortion and magnetostriction effects. This leads to temperature measurement errors exceeding ±10℃, with long-term cumulative errors reaching 5%, making high-precision detection impossible. Furthermore, thermocouples embedded in the cathode leads are easily affected by the high cathode temperature, resulting in a short lifespan and frequent replacements. Non-contact detection mainly uses infrared temperature measurement technology. Existing technologies often employ thermal detectors, which have slow response times (milliseconds), limited detection sensitivity, and are easily affected by ambient temperature, dust, and moisture. In harsh industrial environments, detection accuracy drops significantly, failing to accurately reflect the true operating temperature of the cathode. In addition, existing detection devices lack specialized anti-interference structures designed for the high-frequency electromagnetic environment of high-power magnetrons, further exacerbating detection errors; control strategies are also lagging, resulting in poor adjustment accuracy. Existing magnetron cathode temperature control primarily employs traditional PID control algorithms. These algorithms have fixed parameters and cannot adapt to the nonlinear and high-inertia characteristics of high-power magnetron cathode temperatures, easily leading to temperature overshoot and undershoot, lag in control response, and an inability to achieve real-time, precise control. For example, during magnetron startup, the cathode temperature rises too rapidly, and traditional PID control cannot respond quickly enough, easily causing temperature overshoot and damaging the cathode. During load fluctuations, drastic temperature changes occur, and the control algorithm cannot adjust parameters in time, resulting in excessive temperature fluctuations and affecting the magnetron's operational stability. Furthermore, existing control devices often use a single heating or cooling adjustment method, failing to achieve coordinated adjustment based on dynamic changes in cathode temperature, resulting in low regulation efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, we propose a device for detecting and controlling the working temperature of a high-power magnetron cathode in real time. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a device for detecting and controlling the working temperature of a high-power magnetron cathode in real time, which solves the problems of large detection errors and low adjustment efficiency in existing high-power magnetron cathode temperature detection and control technologies.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-power magnetron cathode operating temperature detection and real-time control device, comprising a composite detection module, an intelligent control module, an execution adjustment module, an anti-interference module, and an environment adaptation module. The composite detection module is electrically connected to the intelligent control module, the intelligent control module is electrically connected to the execution adjustment module, the anti-interference module is electrically connected to the composite detection module, the intelligent control module, and the execution adjustment module respectively, and the environment adaptation module communicates bidirectionally with the intelligent control module.

[0009] The composite detection module is used to acquire and preprocess the working temperature signal of the magnetron cathode. The intelligent control module is used to receive the temperature signal and output control commands. The execution adjustment module is used to adjust the cathode temperature according to the control commands. The anti-interference module is used to suppress electromagnetic interference. The environmental adaptation module is used to acquire operating parameters and feed them back to the intelligent control module.

[0010] Preferably, the composite detection module includes a thermocouple detection unit, an infrared detection unit, and a signal preprocessing unit. The thermocouple detection unit is embedded in the cathode lead of the magnetron and is used to acquire contact temperature signals. The infrared detection unit is aligned with the cathode emitting surface and is used to acquire non-contact temperature signals. The signal preprocessing unit includes a filtering circuit, an amplification circuit, and an A / D conversion circuit, which are used to reduce noise, amplify, and digitize the temperature signals.

[0011] Preferably, the thermocouple detection unit uses an armored K-type thermocouple; the infrared detection unit uses an InAsGaSb superlattice photon detector.

[0012] Preferably, the intelligent control module includes a main control chip, a fuzzy PID control unit, and a data storage unit; the main control chip is an STM32H743VIT6, the fuzzy PID control unit is used to dynamically adjust the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and derivative coefficient, and the data storage unit is used to store temperature thresholds, control parameters, and historical temperature data.

[0013] Preferably, the execution adjustment module includes a heating adjustment unit, a heat dissipation adjustment unit, and a drive circuit; the heating adjustment unit adopts an adjustable high-frequency heating power supply for cathode preheating and low-temperature compensation; the heat dissipation adjustment unit includes a water cooling circuit and a forced air cooling mechanism, the water cooling circuit is used for heat dissipation of the tube body, and the forced air cooling mechanism is used for heat dissipation of the cathode lead-out end; the drive circuit is used to amplify control commands and drive the heating and heat dissipation units to work.

[0014] Preferably, the anti-interference module includes an electromagnetic shielding shell, a filter, and a grounding unit; the electromagnetic shielding shell is made of copper alloy; the filter is an EMI filter used to suppress high-frequency electromagnetic interference; and the grounding unit uses a single-point grounding method.

[0015] Preferably, the environment adaptation module includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a vibration sensor, used to collect ambient temperature, humidity, and vibration parameters. When the parameters exceed the preset range, the intelligent control module adjusts the control strategy.

[0016] Preferably, it also includes a display alarm module, which is electrically connected to the intelligent control module and is used to display the cathode temperature, control parameters and equipment status in real time. When the temperature exceeds the threshold ±5℃, it issues an audible and visual alarm signal.

[0017] Preferably, the water cooling circuit is equipped with a flow sensor and a temperature sensor to monitor the cooling water flow and temperature in real time. When the cooling water outlet temperature is ≥50℃ or the flow rate is lower than the preset value, the intelligent control module adjusts the heat dissipation power and issues an alarm.

[0018] Preferably, the intelligent control module supports remote communication and can be connected to a host computer via RS485 or Ethernet interface to realize parameter setting, data query and remote control.

[0019] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a device for detecting and controlling the working temperature of a high-power magnetron cathode in real time, which has the following advantages:

[0021] 1. This invention employs a complementary composite detection method combining thermocouples and infrared detectors, along with signal fusion technology, to overcome the shortcomings of single detection methods. The detection accuracy is improved to within ±0.5℃, and the response time is ≤50ms. Simultaneously, a dedicated anti-interference module is incorporated, including an electromagnetic shielding shell, a filtering circuit, and single-point grounding. The shielding effectiveness is ≥80dB, effectively suppressing high-frequency electromagnetic interference, power supply interference, and environmental interference. This solves the problems of large detection errors and unstable signals in existing devices under high-power, high-frequency environments, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of temperature detection.

[0022] 2. This invention employs a fuzzy PID control algorithm to dynamically optimize PID control parameters, solving the problems of lag, overshoot, and undershoot in traditional PID control. The control response time is ≤50ms, and the temperature fluctuation range is ≤±1℃. Simultaneously, the execution adjustment module adopts a coordinated adjustment method for heating and heat dissipation, which can quickly adjust the heating power and heat dissipation power according to the dynamic changes in cathode temperature, achieving real-time and precise control of cathode temperature, and ensuring stable output power and frequency of the magnetron. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetron and water-cooling circuit of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the composite detection module of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the intelligent control module of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the adjustment module of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the anti-interference module of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the environment adaptation module of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the display alarm module of the present invention.

[0031] In the picture:

[0032] 1. Composite detection module; 11. Thermocouple detection unit; 12. Infrared detection unit; 13. Signal preprocessing unit;

[0033] 2. Intelligent control module; 21. Main control chip; 22. Fuzzy PID control unit; 23. Data storage unit;

[0034] 3. Execution adjustment module; 31. Heating adjustment unit; 32. Heat dissipation adjustment unit; 321. Water cooling circuit; 322. Forced air cooling mechanism; 323. Flow sensor; 33. Drive circuit;

[0035] 4. Anti-interference module; 41. Electromagnetic shielding shell; 42. Filter; 43. Grounding unit;

[0036] 5. Environmental adaptation module; 51. Temperature sensor; 52. Humidity sensor; 53. Vibration sensor;

[0037] 6. Display alarm module; 61. LCD display screen; 62. Audible and visual alarm unit;

[0038] 7. Power supply module;

[0039] 8. Magnetron;

[0040] 9. Host computer. Detailed Implementation

[0041] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the directional terms such as "up" and "down" generally refer to the directions shown in the accompanying drawings, or to the vertical, perpendicular, or gravitational direction; similarly, for ease of understanding and description, "left" and "right" generally refer to the left and right shown in the accompanying drawings; "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours of each component itself, but the above directional terms are not intended to limit this invention.

[0042] This invention provides a technical solution:

[0043] Please see Figures 1-8 A high-power magnetron cathode working temperature detection and real-time control device includes a composite detection module 1, an intelligent control module 2, an execution adjustment module 3, an anti-interference module 4, and an environmental adaptation module 5. The composite detection module 1 is electrically connected to the intelligent control module 2, the intelligent control module 2 is electrically connected to the execution adjustment module 3, the anti-interference module 4 is electrically connected to the composite detection module 1, the intelligent control module 2, and the execution adjustment module 3 respectively, and the environmental adaptation module 5 communicates bidirectionally with the intelligent control module 2.

[0044] The composite detection module 1 is used to acquire and preprocess the working temperature signal of the cathode of the magnetron 8. The composite detection module 1 includes a thermocouple detection unit 11, an infrared detection unit 12, and a signal preprocessing unit 13. The thermocouple detection unit 11 is embedded in the cathode lead-out end of the magnetron 8 and is used to acquire contact temperature signals. The thermocouple detection unit 11 adopts an armored K-type thermocouple with a temperature measurement range of 800℃-1800℃ and a temperature measurement accuracy of ≤±0.3℃. The infrared detection unit 12 is aligned with the cathode emitting surface and is used to acquire non-contact temperature signals. The infrared detection unit 12 adopts an InAsGaSb superlattice photon detector with a response wavelength of 8μm-14μm, a response time of ≤20ms, and a temperature measurement accuracy of ≤±0.5℃. The signal preprocessing unit 13 includes a filtering circuit, an amplification circuit, and an A / D conversion circuit, which are used to reduce noise, amplify, and digitize the temperature signal.

[0045] The intelligent control module 2 is used to receive temperature signals and output control commands. The intelligent control module 2 includes a main control chip 21, a fuzzy PID control unit 22, and a data storage unit 23. The main control chip 21 adopts STM32H743VIT6. The fuzzy PID control unit 22 is used to dynamically adjust the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and derivative coefficient. The data storage unit 23 is used to store temperature thresholds, control parameters, and historical temperature data. The intelligent control module 2 supports remote communication and can be connected to the host computer 9 through RS485 or Ethernet interface to realize parameter setting, data query, and remote control.

[0046] The execution adjustment module 3 is used to adjust the cathode temperature according to the control command. The execution adjustment module 3 includes a heating adjustment unit 31, a heat dissipation adjustment unit 32, and a drive circuit 33. The heating adjustment unit 31 adopts an adjustable high-frequency heating power supply for cathode preheating and low temperature compensation. The heat dissipation adjustment unit 32 includes a water cooling circuit 321 and a forced air cooling mechanism 322. The water cooling circuit 321 is used for tube body heat dissipation, and the forced air cooling mechanism 322 is used for cathode lead-out heat dissipation. The drive circuit 33 is used to amplify the control command and drive the heating and heat dissipation units to work. The water cooling circuit 321 is equipped with a flow sensor 323 and a temperature sensor 324 to monitor the cooling water flow and temperature in real time. When the cooling water outlet temperature is ≥50℃ or the flow rate is lower than the preset value, the intelligent control module 2 adjusts the heat dissipation power and issues an alarm.

[0047] The anti-interference module 4 is used to suppress electromagnetic interference. The anti-interference module 4 includes an electromagnetic shielding shell 41, a filter 42, and a grounding unit 43. The electromagnetic shielding shell 41 is made of copper alloy and has a shielding effectiveness of ≥80dB. The filter 42 is an EMI filter used to suppress high-frequency electromagnetic interference. The grounding unit 43 adopts a single-point grounding method and has a grounding resistance of ≤1Ω.

[0048] The environment adaptation module 5 is used to collect operating parameters and feed them back to the intelligent control module 2. The environment adaptation module 5 includes a temperature sensor 51, a humidity sensor 52 and a vibration sensor 53, which are used to collect ambient temperature, humidity and vibration parameters. When the parameters exceed the preset range, the intelligent control module 2 adjusts the control strategy.

[0049] The device also includes a display alarm module 6, which includes an LCD display screen 61 and an audible and visual alarm unit 62. It is electrically connected to the intelligent control module 2 and is used to display the cathode temperature, control parameters and equipment status in real time. When the temperature exceeds the threshold ±5℃, it will issue an audible and visual alarm signal.

[0050] The device also includes a power module 7.

[0051] In practical use, the working principle of this invention is as follows:

[0052] Start-up phase: Power module 7 is turned on, and each module starts working; intelligent control module 2 is initialized, reads the preset temperature threshold (1400℃-1500℃) and PID control parameters, and controls the heating adjustment unit 31 to output a maximum power of 5kW to preheat the cathode of magnetron 8; thermocouple detection unit 11 and infrared detection unit 12 of composite detection module 1 start to collect cathode temperature signals, which are filtered, amplified and digitally converted by signal preprocessing unit 13 and then transmitted to signal fusion unit 14 for weighted fusion. The fused temperature signal is then transmitted to intelligent control module 2.

[0053] Temperature control stage: The intelligent control module 2 compares the fused actual cathode temperature with the preset temperature threshold, calculates the temperature deviation e and the deviation change rate ec, and dynamically adjusts the PID control parameters through the fuzzy PID control unit 22 to generate control commands, which are transmitted to the drive circuit 33 of the execution adjustment module 3. The drive circuit 33 amplifies the control commands and drives the heating adjustment unit 31 and the heat dissipation adjustment unit 32 to work: when the actual cathode temperature is lower than the preset threshold, the heating adjustment unit 31 increases the output power and the heat dissipation adjustment unit 32 decreases the heat dissipation power; when the actual cathode temperature is higher than the preset threshold, the heating adjustment unit 31 stops outputting and the heat dissipation adjustment unit 32 increases the heat dissipation power; when the actual cathode temperature reaches the preset threshold, the heating adjustment unit 31 stops outputting and the heat dissipation adjustment unit 32 maintains the current heat dissipation power to ensure that the cathode temperature is stable within the preset range.

[0054] Environmental adaptation phase: Temperature sensor 51, humidity sensor 52, and vibration sensor 53 of environmental adaptation module 5 collect environmental parameters in real time. After preprocessing by signal processing unit 54, the parameters are transmitted to intelligent control module 2. Intelligent control module 2 dynamically adjusts the temperature threshold and control strategy according to the environmental parameters: when the ambient temperature is ≥40℃, humidity is ≥85%RH, or vibration acceleration is ≥5g, the temperature threshold is lowered by 10℃ and the heat dissipation power is increased to ensure that the device works stably in complex environments.

[0055] Status monitoring and alarm stage: The display and alarm module 6 displays the cathode temperature, control parameters and equipment operating status in real time; the intelligent control module 2 monitors the working status of each module in real time, and issues an audible and visual alarm when the following situations occur, and transmits the alarm information to the host computer 9: ① The cathode temperature exceeds the preset threshold ±5℃; ② Thermocouple detection unit 11 or infrared detection unit 12 malfunctions (signal interruption or excessive deviation); ③ Cooling water outlet temperature ≥50℃ or flow rate less than 2L / min; ④ Environmental parameters exceed the preset range; ⑤ Power module 7 experiences overvoltage, overcurrent, or short circuit faults.

[0056] Remote management phase: Staff can communicate with the intelligent control module 2 via the host computer 9 through an RS485 or Ethernet interface to remotely set parameters (such as preset temperature thresholds and PID control parameters), query data (such as historical temperature data and equipment operation logs), and remotely control (such as starting and stopping devices), facilitating centralized management and maintenance of the equipment.

[0057] In summary, this high-power magnetron cathode operating temperature detection and real-time control device adopts a composite detection method that complements thermocouples and infrared detectors. This solves the problems of large detection errors and unstable signals in existing devices under high-power and high-frequency environments, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of temperature detection. It can quickly adjust the heating power and heat dissipation power according to the dynamic changes in cathode temperature, achieving real-time and precise control of cathode temperature, and ensuring stable magnetron output power and frequency.

[0058] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any simple changes, equivalent substitutions, or modifications made based on the present invention to solve essentially the same technical problems and achieve essentially the same technical effects are all covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-power magnetron cathode operating temperature detection and real-time control device, comprising a composite detection module (1), an intelligent control module (2), an execution adjustment module (3), an anti-interference module (4), and an environment adaptation module (5), characterized in that: The composite detection module (1) is electrically connected to the intelligent control module (2), the intelligent control module (2) is electrically connected to the execution adjustment module (3), the anti-interference module (4) is electrically connected to the composite detection module (1), the intelligent control module (2), and the execution adjustment module (3) respectively, and the environment adaptation module (5) communicates bidirectionally with the intelligent control module (2); The composite detection module (1) is used to collect the working temperature signal of the cathode of the magnetron (8) and perform preprocessing. The intelligent control module (2) is used to receive the temperature signal and output control commands. The execution adjustment module (3) is used to adjust the cathode temperature according to the control commands. The anti-interference module (4) is used to suppress electromagnetic interference. The environmental adaptation module (5) is used to collect operating parameters and feed them back to the intelligent control module (2).

2. The high-power magnetron cathode operating temperature detection and real-time control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite detection module (1) includes a thermocouple detection unit (11), an infrared detection unit (12), and a signal preprocessing unit (13). The thermocouple detection unit (11) is embedded in the cathode lead-out end of the magnetron (8) and is used to collect contact temperature signals. The infrared detection unit (12) is aligned with the cathode emitting surface and is used to collect non-contact temperature signals. The signal preprocessing unit (13) includes a filter circuit, an amplifier circuit, and an A / D conversion circuit, which are used to reduce noise, amplify, and digitize the temperature signals.

3. The high-power magnetron cathode operating temperature detection and real-time control device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thermocouple detection unit (11) uses an armored K-type thermocouple; the infrared detection unit (12) uses an InAsGaSb superlattice photon detector.

4. The high-power magnetron cathode operating temperature detection and real-time control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent control module (2) includes a main control chip (21), a fuzzy PID control unit (22) and a data storage unit (23); the main control chip (21) adopts STM32H743VIT6, the fuzzy PID control unit (22) is used to dynamically adjust the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient and derivative coefficient, and the data storage unit (23) is used to store temperature threshold, control parameters and historical temperature data.

5. The high-power magnetron cathode operating temperature detection and real-time control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The execution adjustment module (3) includes a heating adjustment unit (31), a heat dissipation adjustment unit (32), and a drive circuit (33). The heating adjustment unit (31) uses an adjustable high-frequency heating power supply for cathode preheating and low-temperature compensation. The heat dissipation adjustment unit (32) includes a water cooling circuit (321) and a forced air cooling mechanism (322). The water cooling circuit (321) is used for tube body heat dissipation, and the forced air cooling mechanism (322) is used for cathode lead-out heat dissipation. The drive circuit (33) is used to amplify control commands and drive the heating and heat dissipation units to work.

6. The high-power magnetron cathode operating temperature detection and real-time control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-interference module (4) includes an electromagnetic shielding shell (41), a filter (42), and a grounding processing unit (43); the electromagnetic shielding shell (41) is made of copper alloy; the filter (42) is an EMI filter used to suppress high-frequency electromagnetic interference; and the grounding processing unit (43) is a single-point grounding method.

7. The high-power magnetron cathode operating temperature detection and real-time control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environment adaptation module (5) includes a temperature sensor (51), a humidity sensor (52) and a vibration sensor (53), which are used to collect ambient temperature, humidity and vibration parameters. When the parameters exceed the preset range, the intelligent control module (2) adjusts the control strategy.

8. The high-power magnetron cathode operating temperature detection and real-time control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a display alarm module (6), which is electrically connected to the intelligent control module (2) to display the cathode temperature, control parameters and equipment status in real time. When the temperature exceeds the threshold ±5℃, it will issue an audible and visual alarm signal.

9. The high-power magnetron cathode operating temperature detection and real-time control device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water cooling circuit (321) is equipped with a flow sensor (323) and a temperature sensor (324) to monitor the cooling water flow and temperature in real time. When the cooling water outlet temperature is ≥50℃ or the flow rate is lower than the preset value, the intelligent control module (2) adjusts the heat dissipation power and issues an alarm.

10. The high-power magnetron cathode operating temperature detection and real-time control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent control module (2) supports remote communication and can be connected to the host computer (9) via RS485 or Ethernet interface to realize parameter setting, data query and remote control.

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