Communication method, apparatus, system, terminal device and base station

Abstract

The application discloses a communication method, device, system, terminal equipment and base station, relates to the technical field of communication, and terminal equipment can receive first type data sent by a base station through a first link; and send second type data to the base station through a second link; wherein the working frequency bands of the first link and the second link are different. The application can improve the uplink and downlink communication reliability between the terminal equipment and the base station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, specifically to a communication method, apparatus, system, terminal equipment, and base station. Background Technology

[0002] In traditional cellular communication, uplink and downlink communication between terminal devices (such as user premises equipment, routers, user equipment, etc.) and base stations is usually carried out on a single link in the same frequency band. Due to the performance limitations of the single link, the reliability of uplink and downlink communication between terminal devices and base stations is relatively weak and needs to be further improved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a communication scheme that can effectively improve the reliability of uplink and downlink communication between terminal devices and base stations.

[0004] The embodiments of this application provide the following technical solutions: According to one embodiment of this application, a communication method is applied to a terminal device, the method comprising: receiving first type data sent by a base station through a first link; and sending second type data to the base station through a second link; wherein the first link and the second link operate at different frequency bands.

[0005] In some embodiments of this application, the operating frequency band of the first link is the terahertz band, and the operating frequency band of the second link is a predetermined frequency band lower than the terahertz band.

[0006] In some embodiments of this application, the receiving base station transmits the first type of data through the first link, including: receiving a first frequency band signal relayed by a signal relay unit, the first frequency band signal carrying the first type of data, and the first frequency band signal being transmitted by the base station to the signal relay unit through the first link.

[0007] In some embodiments of this application, the signal relay unit includes a RIS reflection unit connected to the terminal device; the method further includes: determining the obstruction status of the reflection path between the RIS reflection unit and the terminal device; and performing an obstacle avoidance operation based on the obstruction status.

[0008] In some embodiments of this application, determining the obstruction status of the reflection path between the RIS reflection unit and the terminal device includes: using a preset obstruction processing model to predict the obstruction status of the reflection path in the future based on the first link-related data of the first link.

[0009] In some embodiments of this application, the step of performing obstacle avoidance operation according to the obstacle situation includes: if the obstacle situation is a first type of obstacle, adjusting the reflection configuration of the RIS reflection unit so that the reflection path of the RIS reflection unit bypasses the obstacle.

[0010] In some embodiments of this application, the step of performing obstacle avoidance operation according to the obstacle situation includes: if the obstacle situation is a second type of obstacle, instructing the base station to switch to the second link to transmit the first type of data.

[0011] In some embodiments of this application, the signal relay unit includes a RIS reflection unit; before receiving the first frequency band signal relayed by the signal relay unit, the method further includes: controlling the RIS reflection unit to change the reflection angle according to different reflection configurations, and the base station emitting detection signals in different beam directions on the first link; selecting an initial combination based on signal measurement data under different combinations of the reflection configuration and the beam direction; notifying the base station of the initial combination through the second link so that the base station fixes the beam direction in the initial combination; and setting the RIS reflection unit to the reflection configuration in the initial combination.

[0012] In some embodiments of this application, the method further includes: using a preset quality prediction model to predict the link quality information of the first link in the future based on the first link-related data of the first link; and performing transmission optimization operations based on the link quality information.

[0013] In some embodiments of this application, the step of performing transmission optimization operation based on the link quality information includes: if the link quality information reflects that the link quality will deteriorate, instructing the base station to switch to the second link to transmit the first type of data.

[0014] In some embodiments of this application, the link quality information includes a link quality value; the step of instructing the base station to switch to the second link to send the first type of data if the link quality information reflects that the link quality will deteriorate includes: if the link quality value is less than a first threshold and greater than a second threshold, requesting the base station to send the first type of data in parallel via dual paths on the second link and the first link; if the link quality value is less than the second threshold, requesting the base station to send the first type of data on the second link.

[0015] According to one embodiment of this application, a communication method is applied to a base station, the method comprising: sending a first type of data to a terminal device via a first link; receiving a second type of data sent by the terminal device via a second link; wherein the first link and the second link operate at different frequency bands.

[0016] In some embodiments of this application, the second type of data includes link-related data; the method further includes: using a preset scheduling optimization model, making a decision based on the link-related data to obtain a downlink scheduling optimization strategy; and performing downlink scheduling optimization operations according to the downlink scheduling optimization strategy.

[0017] According to one embodiment of this application, a communication device is applied to a terminal device. The device includes: a device receiving module, configured to: receive first type data sent by a base station through a first link; and a device uploading module, configured to: send second type data to the base station through a second link, wherein the first link and the second link operate at different frequency bands.

[0018] According to one embodiment of this application, a communication device is applied to a base station. The device includes: a base station transmitting module, configured to: transmit a first type of data to a terminal device via a first link; and a base station receiving module, configured to: receive a second type of data transmitted by the terminal device via a second link; wherein the first link and the second link operate at different frequency bands.

[0019] According to one embodiment of this application, a communication system includes a terminal device and a base station; the terminal device is used to receive first type data sent by the base station through a first link; and the terminal device is used to send second type data to the base station through a second link, wherein the first link and the second link operate at different frequency bands.

[0020] According to another embodiment of this application, a storage medium stores a computer program thereon; when the computer program is executed by the processor of a terminal device, the terminal device performs a method executed on the terminal device side; when the computer program is executed by the processor of a base station, the base station performs a method executed on the base station side.

[0021] According to another embodiment of this application, a terminal device may include: a memory storing a computer program; and a processor reading the computer program stored in the memory to execute the methods described in the embodiments of this application.

[0022] According to another embodiment of this application, a base station may include: a memory storing a computer program; and a processor reading the computer program stored in the memory to execute the methods described in the embodiments of this application.

[0023] According to another embodiment of this application, a computer program product or computer program includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a terminal device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions, causing the terminal device to perform the methods provided in the various optional implementations described in the embodiments of this application.

[0024] According to another embodiment of this application, a computer program product or computer program includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a base station reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions, causing the base station to perform the methods provided in the various optional implementations described in the embodiments of this application.

[0025] In this embodiment of the application, the terminal device can: receive first type of data sent by the base station through a first link; and send second type of data to the base station through a second link; wherein the first link and the second link operate at different frequency bands.

[0026] In this embodiment of the application, by connecting different frequency bands simultaneously through the user premises equipment, an asymmetric dual link is implemented on the user premises equipment. Downlink transmission between the terminal equipment and the base station is based on the first link and uplink transmission is based on the second link. Compared with the low performance of a single link in the same frequency band, asymmetric dual link uplink and downlink communication can have higher performance and can effectively improve the reliability of uplink and downlink communication between the terminal equipment and the base station. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 An architecture diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0029] Figure 2 An architecture diagram of a communication system according to another embodiment of this application is shown.

[0030] Figure 3 A flowchart of a communication method according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0031] Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating an obstacle avoidance process according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0032] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating a transmission optimization process according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0033] Figure 6 A flowchart of a communication method according to another embodiment of this application is shown.

[0034] Figure 7 A block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0035] Figure 8 A block diagram of a communication device according to another embodiment of this application is shown.

[0036] Figure 9 A block diagram of a terminal device according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present disclosure will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments provided herein are merely illustrative of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Furthermore, the embodiments provided below are some embodiments for implementing the present disclosure, and not all embodiments for implementing the present disclosure. Unless otherwise specified, the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented in any combination. It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this disclosure, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a method or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only the elements expressly described, but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to implementing the method or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a..." does not exclude the presence of other related elements (e.g., steps in the method or units in the apparatus; for example, a unit may be a portion of circuitry, a portion of a processor, a portion of a program or software, etc.) in the method or apparatus that includes that element. For example, the communication method provided in this disclosure includes a series of steps, but the communication method provided in this disclosure is not limited to the steps described. Similarly, the communication device provided in this disclosure includes a series of units, but the device provided in this disclosure is not limited to the units explicitly described, but may also include units that need to be set up for obtaining relevant information or processing based on information. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this disclosure. It is understood that in the specific implementation of this application, relevant data is involved. When the embodiments in this application are applied to specific products or technologies, user permission or consent is required, and the collection, use and processing of relevant data must comply with the relevant laws, regulations and standards of the relevant countries and regions.

[0038] In traditional cellular communication, uplink and downlink communication between terminal devices (such as user premises equipment, routers, user equipment, etc.) and base stations typically occurs on a single link within the same frequency band. Due to the performance limitations of this single link, the reliability of uplink and downlink communication between terminal devices and base stations is relatively weak and needs further improvement. To address these issues, this application provides a communication scheme that can effectively improve the reliability of uplink and downlink communication between terminal devices and base stations.

[0039] Figure 1 An architectural diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of this application is illustrated schematically. Figure 1 As shown, the communication system may include terminal equipment 110 (such as user premises equipment, router, user equipment, etc.) and base station 120. The terminal equipment 110 may: receive first type data transmitted by base station 120 through a first link L1; and transmit second type data to base station 120 through a second link L2; wherein the first link is a link in a first frequency band, and the second link is a link in a second frequency band, and the first frequency band and the second frequency band are different frequency bands.

[0040] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of this application, the terminal device 110 is specifically a Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) 111. In this case, the communication system may also include a User Equipment 130. The CPE 111 establishes connections with both the base station 120 and the User Equipment 130. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the CPE 111 may integrate a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) reflector unit 140. The CPE 111 can forward some data from the first type of data to the User Equipment 130; the second type of data may include some data that the User Equipment 130 needs to send to the base station 120.

[0041] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a communication method according to an embodiment of this application is shown schematically. Figure 3 Steps S210 and S220 in the illustrated communication process can be applied to Figure 1 The terminal device 110 shown.

[0042] Step S210: Receive first type of data sent by the base station through the first link; Step S220: Send the second type of data to the base station through the second link; wherein the first link and the second link operate at different frequency bands.

[0043] The terminal device receives first-type data sent by the base station through the first link, that is, downlink transmission between the terminal device and the base station is based on the first link, and the first link can be the first frequency band. The base station can be configured with a base station-side first-band transceiver module, and the user premises equipment can be configured with an equipment-side first-band transceiver module. A first link can be established between the base station-side first-band transceiver module and the equipment-side first-band transceiver module.

[0044] The terminal device sends a second type of data to the base station through the second link. That is, the uplink transmission between the terminal device and the base station is based on the second link, and the operating frequency band of the second link can be a second frequency band. The base station can be configured with a base station-side second frequency band transceiver module, and the user premises equipment can be configured with an equipment-side second frequency band transceiver module. A second link can be established between the base station-side second frequency band transceiver module and the equipment-side second frequency band transceiver module.

[0045] The first and second frequency bands can be set according to actual conditions, as long as they are different frequency bands. For example, in one example, the first frequency band is a terahertz band, and the second frequency band is a predetermined frequency band below the terahertz band (such as Sub-6GHz); in another example, the first frequency band is a frequency band below the terahertz band (such as the 6GHz to 0.1THz band), and the second frequency band is a frequency band below the first frequency band (such as the 450MHz to 3GHz band).

[0046] The first type of data may include, but is not limited to, downlink data or big data (such as video streaming, cloud VR content, etc.). The second type of data may include, but is not limited to, uplink data (such as interactive game control signals, control commands, feedback messages (such as ACK / NACK, etc.), link quality information, link-related data, etc.

[0047] In this embodiment of the application, by connecting different frequency bands simultaneously through the user premises equipment, an asymmetric dual link is implemented on the user premises equipment. Downlink transmission between the terminal equipment and the base station is based on the first link and uplink transmission is based on the second link. Compared with the low performance of a single link in the same frequency band, asymmetric dual link uplink and downlink communication can have higher performance and can effectively improve the reliability of uplink and downlink communication between the terminal equipment and the base station.

[0048] The following description Figure 3 Further optional specific embodiments are provided for the steps performed during communication in the example implementation.

[0049] In one embodiment, the first link operates in the terahertz band, and the second link operates in a predetermined band below the terahertz band.

[0050] The terahertz band can refer to a frequency band ranging from 0.1 THz to 10 THz. For example, in this application, the terahertz band can be from 100 GHz to 1 THz. The terahertz band has a very large bandwidth, and the base station's transmit power is sufficiently high. Therefore, the base station can achieve downlink transmission with extremely high throughput by transmitting Type I data to the terminal device through the terahertz band.

[0051] The base station-side first frequency band transceiver module can be a high-gain directional antenna (or array) in the terahertz band, and the equipment-side first frequency band transceiver module can be a terahertz band transceiver module. A terahertz band link can be established between the high-gain directional antenna (or array) in the terahertz band and the terahertz band transceiver module as the first link.

[0052] The operating frequency band of the second link is a predetermined frequency band below the terahertz band. For example, the operating frequency band of the second link can be a predetermined frequency band less than 100 GHz. Preferably, in a specific embodiment of this application, the operating frequency band (i.e., the predetermined frequency band) of the second link is Sub-6 GHz. Sub-6 GHz broadly refers to the frequency band below 6 GHz, and specifically, 3 GHz to 6 GHz can be selected as the predetermined frequency band.

[0053] The second link operates in a predetermined frequency band below the terahertz band. Therefore, the bandwidth of the second link's operating frequency band (predetermined frequency band) is relatively limited, but the signal coverage of this band is wide and its diffraction penetration capability is strong. Therefore, although terminal equipment usually has power-limited and frequency loss issues, by using the second link as an uplink to send the second type of data to the base station, the terminal equipment can achieve long-distance, highly reliable uplink transmission.

[0054] The base station-side second-band transceiver module can be an antenna in a predetermined frequency band (such as Sub-6GHz), and the equipment-side second-band transceiver module can also be a predetermined frequency band transceiver module. A predetermined frequency band link can be established between the antenna in the predetermined frequency band (such as Sub-6GHz) and the predetermined frequency band transceiver module as a second link.

[0055] In this embodiment, by simultaneously connecting the terminal device to both the terahertz band and a predetermined frequency band below the terahertz band, an asymmetric dual-link mode is achieved by combining terahertz downlink with mid-to-low frequency uplink on the terminal device. This architecture can further fully utilize the advantages of the base station's sufficiently high transmit power and the ultra-wide bandwidth of the terahertz band, while avoiding the disadvantages of terminal device power limitations and frequency loss. The uplink and downlink are decoupled and each performs its own function, achieving both high-throughput downlink transmission and long-distance, high-reliability uplink transmission, thereby effectively improving the overall network quality and coverage of communication between the terminal device and the base station.

[0056] In one embodiment, step S210, receiving the first type of data sent by the base station through the first link, may include: receiving the first type of data sent directly from the base station to the terminal device through the first link.

[0057] Furthermore, in one embodiment, in step S210, receiving the first type of data sent by the base station through the first link may include: receiving a first frequency band signal relayed by the signal relay unit, wherein the first frequency band signal carries the first type of data, and the first frequency band signal is transmitted by the base station to the signal relay unit through the first link.

[0058] In this embodiment, a signal relay unit is further provided between the base station and the user premises equipment to relay the first frequency band signal (i.e., the signal of the first frequency band) of the first link. That is, the first link also includes a signal relay unit. The base station transmits the first frequency band signal to the signal relay unit through the first link, and the signal relay unit can relay the first frequency band signal to the terminal equipment, thereby further improving the downlink transmission coverage of the first link.

[0059] The signal relay unit is a unit that can be used for the first frequency band signal. The signal relay unit may include, but is not limited to, active repeaters, multi-antenna arrays, or RIS (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface) reflector units. The device-side first frequency band transceiver module of the terminal equipment may adopt a phased array antenna or other signal transceiver modules. For example, if a phased array antenna is used, it can receive the relayed first frequency band signal and further enhance it with beamforming.

[0060] In one specific embodiment, the signal relay unit is specifically a RIS reflection unit (e.g., Figure 2The illustrated RIS reflector unit 140 shows that RIS is a novel two-dimensional metasurface composed of a large number of passive units with adjustable phase and / or amplitude, allowing for more flexible adjustment. By adjusting the reflection configuration (such as phase and amplitude) of the passive units in the RIS reflector unit, the RIS reflector unit can directly reflect the received first frequency band signal to the terminal device, or further enhance the signal gain of the first frequency band signal. Furthermore, the terminal device can conveniently and flexibly adjust the reflection configuration (such as phase and amplitude in the reflection coefficient matrix) of the passive units in the RIS reflector unit via a wired connection (such as coaxial cable) or a wireless control link. Structurally, the RIS reflector unit can be integrated with the terminal device or made into an external tablet mounted on the terminal device facing the base station.

[0061] See Figure 4 In one embodiment, the signal relay unit is a RIS reflection unit; the communication method may further include: step S310, determining the obstruction status of the reflection path between the RIS reflection unit and the terminal device; step S320, performing an obstacle avoidance operation based on the obstruction status.

[0062] The terminal device can detect and determine the obstruction on the reflection path between the RIS reflection unit and the terminal device (i.e. the path through which the RIS reflection unit directly reflects the first frequency band signal to the terminal device), and perform obstacle avoidance operation according to the obstruction. This can prevent the transmission of the first type of data through the first link from being obstructed and failing, thereby further improving the transmission success rate of the first type of data.

[0063] In some embodiments, in step S310, determining the obstruction of the reflection path between the RIS reflection unit and the terminal device includes: detecting the obstruction on the reflection path in real time using sensors (such as ambient optical sensors, millimeter-wave radar, etc.).

[0064] Furthermore, in one embodiment, in step S310, determining the obstruction status of the reflection path between the RIS reflection unit and the terminal device may include: using a preset obstruction processing model to predict the obstruction status of the reflection path in the future based on the first link-related data of the first link.

[0065] In this embodiment, a preset obstacle handling model is deployed on one side of the terminal device. This preset obstacle handling model is a pre-trained machine learning model used to predict obstacle situations. By using the preset obstacle handling model to predict the obstacle situation on the direct path in the future based on the first link-related data, the obstacle situation can be predicted in advance at a certain time, thereby enabling obstacle avoidance operations to be performed in advance according to the obstacle situation.

[0066] The first link-related data may include sensing data from sensors such as optical sensors (e.g., the location of a human body or object), the received power / signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio sequence of the first frequency band signal, the channel quality indication of the second link (e.g., CQI issued by the base station), sensing data from sensors within the terminal device (data such as detected movement or vibration of the terminal device), and one or more of the reflection configuration of the RIS reflection unit.

[0067] In one embodiment, step S320 involves performing an obstacle avoidance operation based on the obstruction situation, including: if the obstruction situation is a first type of obstacle, adjusting the reflection configuration of the RIS reflection unit so that the reflection path of the RIS reflection unit bypasses the obstacle.

[0068] When the terminal device encounters a first-type obstacle (such as an obstacle that can be bypassed or a newly added fixed obstacle (such as a fixedly placed object)), it adjusts the reflection configuration of the RIS reflection unit so that the reflection path of the RIS reflection unit bypasses the obstacle, thereby further flexibly ensuring the downlink transmission success rate of the first link.

[0069] In addition, while the terminal device adjusts the reflection configuration of the RIS reflection unit, it can also simultaneously request the base station to adjust the beam direction, so that the adjusted reflection configuration and the adjusted beam direction work together to further ensure the signal strength under the first link.

[0070] In one embodiment, adjusting the reflection configuration of the RIS reflection unit can be done by simultaneously adjusting and detecting whether the first link can successfully transmit data until successful transmission is achieved even under obstruction.

[0071] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the preset obstacle handling model also outputs a predicted obstacle avoidance configuration; adjusting the reflection configuration of the RIS reflection unit so that the reflection path of the RIS reflection unit bypasses the obstacle may include: adjusting the reflection configuration of the RIS reflection unit according to the predicted obstacle avoidance configuration so that the reflection path of the RIS reflection unit bypasses the obstacle.

[0072] The preset obstacle handling model can also output a predicted obstacle avoidance configuration that can bypass obstacles. This predicted obstacle avoidance configuration may include an adjusted reflection configuration. Based on the predicted obstacle avoidance configuration, the reflection configuration of the RIS reflection unit is adjusted, allowing the RIS reflection unit to be configured to bypass obstacles via its reflection path. Furthermore, after adjusting the RIS reflection unit to the adjusted reflection configuration, if the first link cannot successfully transmit data, the terminal device can further adjust and continuously check whether the first link can successfully transmit data until successful transmission is achieved even under obstruction conditions.

[0073] Furthermore, the predicted obstacle avoidance configuration may also include an adjusted beam direction, which can be used to request the base station to adjust to the adjusted beam direction based on the predicted obstacle avoidance configuration.

[0074] At this time, when the preset obstacle processing model outputs the predicted obstacle avoidance configuration, the first link-related data and historical reflection data of different combinations (reflection configuration and beam direction combination) can be input into the preset obstacle processing model. The preset obstacle processing model can make predictions based on the historical reflection data of different combinations and the first link-related data, and output the obstacle situation and the predicted obstacle avoidance configuration.

[0075] Furthermore, if adjusting the reflection configuration of the RIS reflection unit fails to enable the reflection path of the RIS reflection unit to bypass the obstacle, the base station can be further instructed / requested to switch to the second link to transmit the first type of data.

[0076] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the obstacle avoidance operation is performed according to the obstacle situation, including: if the obstacle situation is a second type of obstacle, instructing the base station to switch to a predetermined frequency band link to transmit the first type of data.

[0077] When a terminal device encounters a second type of obstacle (such as an insurmountable obstacle or a temporary obstacle, such as a person briefly stopping), it can directly instruct / request the base station to switch to the second link to transmit the first type of data, which can further ensure the downlink transmission success rate of the first type of data. Furthermore, when the second type of obstacle disappears, the terminal device can further request the base station to switch back to the first link to transmit the first type of data.

[0078] Furthermore, in one embodiment, if no obstacle is present, the reflection configuration of the RIS reflection unit is adjusted to switch the RIS reflection unit to a signal gain mode to further enhance the signal strength of the first frequency band signal (for example, setting the RIS reflection unit to have the same total reflection phase can directly improve the signal strength). Alternatively, if no obstacle is present, no adjustment action may be performed.

[0079] See Figure 5 Furthermore, in one embodiment, it may also include: step S410, using a preset quality prediction model to predict the link quality information of the first link based on the first link-related data of the first link, to obtain the link quality information of the first link in the future time; step S420, performing transmission optimization operation according to the link quality information.

[0080] In this embodiment, a preset quality prediction model is deployed on one side of the terminal device. This preset quality prediction model is a pre-trained machine learning model used to predict link quality. By using this preset quality prediction model to predict the link quality of the first link based on the second link-related data of the first link, the link quality information of the first link in the future can be predicted a certain time in advance. This allows for timely transmission optimization operations based on the link quality information. The first link-related data may include one or more of the following: sensor data (such as the location of a human body or object), received power / signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio sequence of the first frequency band signal, channel quality indication of the second link (such as CQI issued by the base station), sensor data within the terminal device (detected data such as terminal device movement or vibration), and reflection configuration of the RIS reflection unit.

[0081] Furthermore, in one embodiment, step S420 involves performing a transmission optimization operation based on the link quality information, including: if the link quality information indicates that the link quality will deteriorate, instructing the base station to switch to the second link to transmit the first type of data. Instructing the base station to switch to the second link to transmit the first type of data can effectively and promptly prevent the first type of data transmission failure. The link quality information can be a scalar (e.g., estimated SNR), a classification result (e.g., "link hold / link interruption" classification), or a quality level. When the link quality information does not meet predetermined conditions, it indicates that the link quality will deteriorate.

[0082] In a further embodiment, the link quality information includes a link quality value; if the link quality information reflects that the link quality will deteriorate, the base station is instructed to switch to the second link to send the first type of data, including: if the link quality value is less than a first threshold and greater than a second threshold, the base station is requested to send the first type of data in parallel via dual paths on the second link and the first link; if the link quality value is less than the second threshold, the base station is requested to send the first type of data on the second link.

[0083] Link quality information includes a link quality value; the lower the link quality value, the worse the quality of the first link. If the link quality value is less than a first threshold but greater than a second threshold, it indicates a slight decrease in the quality of the first link. In this case, the base station is requested to transmit the first type of data in parallel via dual paths on both the first and second links (for example, transmitting some redundant data in parallel via dual paths on both the first and second links), so that users will not be aware of a disconnection in the first link. If the link quality value is less than the second threshold, it indicates a severe decrease in the quality of the first link. In this case, the base station is immediately requested to switch to transmitting the first type of data via the second link to ensure uninterrupted transmission.

[0084] In this embodiment, a two-level link switching is further implemented: smooth switching when the link quality value is less than a first threshold but greater than a second threshold, and fast switching when the link quality value is less than the second threshold. These two switching mechanisms can achieve timely link switching under the early quality prediction discovery of the preset quality prediction model.

[0085] Furthermore, the preset quality prediction model also outputs path evaluation results; based on the link quality information, it performs transmission optimization operations, including: if the link quality information reflects that the link quality will deteriorate, it determines the target transmission path based on the path evaluation results; it adjusts the reflection configuration of the RIS reflection unit to adjust the reflection path of the RIS reflection unit to the target transmission path; and / or instructs the base station to adjust the beam direction to the target transmission path.

[0086] The preset quality prediction model can also output predicted path evaluation results that can improve link quality. These path evaluation results can include the target transmission path (which is the reflection path under a certain reflection configuration and the transmission path formed by a certain beam direction). Adjusting the reflection configuration of the RIS reflection unit to match the reflection configuration corresponding to the target transmission path will adjust the reflection path of the RIS reflection unit to that target transmission path. Instructing the base station to adjust its beam direction to match the beam direction corresponding to the target transmission path will also ensure that the base station adjusts its beam direction to match the target transmission path.

[0087] When the preset quality prediction model outputs path evaluation results, it can input the second link-related data and historical reflection data of different combinations (combinations of reflection configuration and beam direction, each combination corresponding to a transmission path) into the preset quality prediction model. The preset quality prediction model can make predictions based on the historical reflection data and second link-related data of different combinations, and output link quality information and path evaluation results.

[0088] Furthermore, if the reflection configuration of the RIS reflection unit and the beam direction of the base station are adjusted, and the link quality information of the first link is not improved to meet the predetermined conditions (i.e., the link quality information obtained after adjustment still does not reflect good link quality), then the base station can be further instructed / requested to switch to the second link to transmit the first type of data.

[0089] Furthermore, in one embodiment, it may also include: if the link quality information reflects good link quality, the base station may be requested to improve the downlink modulation and coding of the terahertz link; or the terminal device may not perform the request action.

[0090] Furthermore, this application embodiment also provides a calibration method for a terminal device, a base station, and a RIS reflection unit. Specifically, the signal relay unit includes a RIS reflection unit. Before receiving the first frequency band signal relayed by the signal relay unit, the terminal device can calibrate the RIS reflection unit and the base station. Specifically, this can include: controlling the RIS reflection unit to change its reflection angle according to different reflection configurations, and the base station emitting detection signals in different beam directions on the first link; selecting an initial combination based on signal measurement data under different combinations of reflection configurations and beam directions; notifying the base station of the initial combination through a second link so that the base station is fixed in the beam direction of the initial combination; and setting the RIS reflection unit to the reflection configuration in the initial combination.

[0091] The RIS reflection unit is controlled to change the reflection angle according to different reflection configurations, and the base station emits detection signals in different beam directions on the first link, which will form different combinations (the reflection configurations and beam directions included in different combinations). The terminal device can detect the signal measurement data (such as reference signal power) of the signals received under different combinations.

[0092] Based on signal measurement data from different combinations of reflection configurations and beam directions, the combination with the best signal quality can be selected as the initial combination. The initial combination is communicated to the base station via a second link, allowing the base station to fix its beam direction within the initial combination. The base station can then transmit the first frequency band signal to the RIS reflection unit within that beam direction. The RIS reflection unit is then configured according to the reflection configuration in the initial combination, enabling it to reflect the first frequency band signal to the terminal device based on that configuration.

[0093] This embodiment enables adaptive scan calibration, improving the user experience. Furthermore, the second link coordinates and transmits the initial combination information, while the first link is used for actual detection. This dual-link-assisted approach significantly accelerates alignment convergence and is more reliable than blind scanning relying solely on the first link.

[0094] Furthermore, the terminal device can obtain the location (such as azimuth and elevation angle) of nearby base stations through the operator's app, roughly fixing the terminal device's orientation in that direction without the need for precise aiming. The terminal device's built-in electronic compass and barometer help determine its own orientation and provide initial attitude reference. After powering on, the terminal device can first use the second frequency band to search for cell signals and complete cell selection and network access.

[0095] When a terminal device initially accesses the network, it can first perform a standard random access procedure through a second-band cell to establish a basic RRC connection and NAS attachment. This step is the same as in 4G / 5G, ensuring that the terminal device has a basic connection in the second-band. Once the basic connection is established, the base station can decide to adopt the mode of this embodiment based on the capability information reported by the terminal device through the basic connection (capability information may indicate that the terminal device supports the first-band and RIS reflection unit). The base station RRC can further send a link configuration message to the terminal device, which may include: the selected downlink carrier frequency point of the first-band, time slot configuration, reserved resources configuration for the uplink of the second-band, and RIS control authority information, etc. After receiving the link configuration message, the terminal device enters a dual-link cooperative state.

[0096] Once connected to the network, the base station sends out auxiliary information containing its own positioning. The terminal device can use this information to adjust the approximate angle of the RIS reflector unit towards the base station. Then, the base station initiates the first link, emitting detection signals in different beam directions. Simultaneously, the terminal device controls the RIS reflector unit to change its reflection angle according to different reflection configurations. Due to this coarse alignment, the terminal device can quickly detect the detection signal in a specific reflection configuration and beam direction. Furthermore, if no auxiliary information is available, the terminal device can also automatically perform the following: inferring the approximate azimuth range from the base station identifier received in the second frequency band, and then periodically performing a fan-shaped scan of the RIS reflector unit in all directions. Compared to the terminal's phased array rotating itself, this method of scanning with the RIS reflector unit is lower in cost and has a wider coverage (a typical RIS reflector unit can cover a field of view of over 180 degrees). Once a detection signal is detected, the terminal device records the combination formed by that specific reflection configuration and beam direction. Then, based on the signal measurement data under different combinations of reflection configuration and beam direction, an initial combination is selected.

[0097] Furthermore, the base station can transmit continuous pilot signals in the beam direction initially identified by the initial combination. The terminal device can further fine-tune the reflection configuration of the RIS reflection unit (e.g., using a hill-climbing algorithm to attempt small phase perturbations near the main lobe) to further maximize the signal received power. Once the maximum signal received power is reached, the terminal device can lock the reflection configuration at which the maximum signal received power is achieved and the beam direction of the initial combination as the final initial combination, thereby further improving the link reliability of the first link. In addition, the terminal device can store the found initial combination in non-volatile memory. The next time the terminal is powered on, if the base station and terminal device have not changed locations, the terminal device can directly load this initial combination and quickly connect to the first link without rescanning. Rescanning and calibration are only performed when a significant change in channel conditions is detected (e.g., the base station may relocate or there may be a drastic environmental change).

[0098] Figure 6A flowchart illustrating a communication method according to another embodiment of this application is shown schematically. Figure 6 Steps S510 and S520 in the illustrated communication process can be applied to Figure 1 Base station 120 is shown.

[0099] Step S510: Send the first type of data to the terminal device through the first link; Step S520: Receive second type of data sent by the terminal device through the second link; wherein the first link and the second link operate at different frequency bands.

[0100] The terminal device receives first-type data sent by the base station through the first link, that is, downlink transmission between the terminal device and the base station is based on the first link, and the first link can be the first frequency band. The base station can be configured with a base station-side first-band transceiver module, and the user premises equipment can be configured with an equipment-side first-band transceiver module. A first link can be established between the base station-side first-band transceiver module and the equipment-side first-band transceiver module.

[0101] The terminal device sends a second type of data to the base station through the second link. That is, the uplink transmission between the terminal device and the base station is based on the second link, and the operating frequency band of the second link can be a second frequency band. The base station can be configured with a base station-side second frequency band transceiver module, and the user premises equipment can be configured with an equipment-side second frequency band transceiver module. A second link can be established between the base station-side second frequency band transceiver module and the equipment-side second frequency band transceiver module.

[0102] The first and second frequency bands can be set according to actual conditions, as long as they are different frequency bands. For example, in one example, the first frequency band is a terahertz band, and the second frequency band is a predetermined frequency band below the terahertz band (such as Sub-6GHz); in another example, the first frequency band is a frequency band below the terahertz band (such as the 6GHz to 0.1THz band), and the second frequency band is a frequency band below the first frequency band (such as the 450MHz to 3GHz band).

[0103] In this embodiment of the application, by connecting different frequency bands simultaneously through the user premises equipment, an asymmetric dual link is implemented on the user premises equipment. Downlink transmission between the terminal equipment and the base station is based on the first link and uplink transmission is based on the second link. Compared with the low performance of a single link in the same frequency band, asymmetric dual link uplink and downlink communication can have higher performance and can effectively improve the reliability of uplink and downlink communication between the terminal equipment and the base station.

[0104] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the second type of data includes link-related data; the method further includes: using a preset scheduling optimization model, making decisions based on link-related data to obtain a downlink scheduling optimization strategy; and executing downlink scheduling optimization operations according to the downlink scheduling optimization strategy.

[0105] The terminal device can send the link-related data of the first link (such as the link quality information predicted by the preset quality prediction model, the first link-related data and / or the second link-related data, etc.) to the base station through the second link. That is, the second type of data includes link-related data.

[0106] In this embodiment, a preset scheduling optimization model is deployed on the base station side. This preset scheduling optimization model is a pre-trained machine learning model used to determine downlink scheduling optimization strategies. The preset scheduling optimization model makes decisions based on link-related data of the first link, resulting in a downlink scheduling optimization strategy. The base station executes downlink scheduling optimization operations according to this strategy, which can further improve the communication reliability between the terminal device and the base station. The downlink scheduling optimization strategy may include, but is not limited to, one or more strategies such as base station array beam direction or power, initiating neighbor cell cooperation, reducing coding rate, switching modulation methods, and dual-link parallel downlink transmission.

[0107] The pre-defined scheduling optimization model deployed on the base station side can further integrate link-related data uploaded from multiple terminal devices to make larger-scale decisions and output a global scheduling optimization strategy. Furthermore, the base station executes downlink scheduling optimization operations according to this global scheduling optimization strategy, which can further improve the communication reliability between the terminal devices and the base station. For example, the global scheduling optimization strategy may include directing other assisting nodes (such as nearby RIS reflection units) to join in assisting the reflection of the first frequency band signal, coordinating multiple RIS reflection units to avoid mutual interference, or rerouting traffic at the network layer.

[0108] Furthermore, in one embodiment, after sending the first type of data to the terminal device via the first link, the process may further include: if no feedback message is received from the user's premises device via the second link in a predetermined time slot, determining the link quality information of the first link; determining a retransmission link based on the link quality information, wherein the retransmission link is one of a predetermined frequency band link and a terahertz frequency band link; and retransmitting the first type of data sent via the retransmission link.

[0109] The base station MAC can assign a predetermined time slot (i.e., upper and lower time slots, similar to cross-time slot numbering) to each data packet of the first type of data sent. The base station will then listen for acknowledgment messages (ACKs) in the predetermined time slot. If the acknowledgment message times out, the base station MAC triggers a retransmission mechanism. Based on the link quality information of the first link, it determines the retransmission link (either a predetermined frequency band link or a terahertz frequency band link), and retransmits the sent first type of data through the retransmission link, further ensuring the success rate of the first type of data transmission. The link quality information of the first link can be output from a preset scheduling optimization model.

[0110] When determining the retransmission link based on link quality information, specifically, if the link quality information reflects that the channel of the first link is poor, the second link can be determined as the retransmission link; and if the link quality information reflects that the channel of the first link is good, the first link can be determined as the retransmission link.

[0111] Furthermore, since uplink and downlink communications belong to different frequency bands, they can theoretically occur simultaneously. This means that feedback messages do not need to occupy the downlink time slot of the first link, improving the effective utilization rate of the downlink in the first frequency band. Moreover, if we consider that the base station has only one processing unit controlling both frequency bands simultaneously, a composite frame structure can be used. In each transmission cycle, a portion of the time is reserved for uplink transmission on the second link, and the remaining time is used for downlink transmission on the second link.

[0112] Furthermore, in one embodiment: downlink time slots of the first link are allocated to multiple terminal devices respectively, and the second links of the multiple terminal devices simultaneously access the base station using orthogonal multiple access. Specifically, in a multi-user scenario, the base station can also implement a dual-link multi-user scheduling algorithm at the MAC layer. The downlink time slots of the first link are allocated to multiple terminal devices respectively. For example, for downlink transmission of the first link, due to the directional beam of the base station, it may only serve one terminal device at a time. To avoid other terminal devices waiting too long, downlink time slots of the first link can be allocated in round-robin or on-demand. In addition, the second links of the multiple terminal devices can simultaneously access the base station using orthogonal multiple access.

[0113] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the base station can dynamically adjust the resource allocation between the two frequency bands. Specifically, when the network is idle, the base station can allocate more frames to the first link for downlink transmission to pursue the ultimate speed; when the link quality of the first link is poor, the carrying ratio of the second link is temporarily increased to improve robustness, so that the system always achieves the best balance between performance and reliability.

[0114] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, the MAC layer (Media Access Control layer) is specifically responsible for scheduling and resource allocation, the RRC layer (Radio Resource Control layer) is responsible for link configuration control, and the PHY layer (Physical layer) is responsible for the transmission and reception of radio frequency signals.

[0115] Through customized design, a dual-link scheduling unit can be added to the MAC layer, enabling coordinated allocation of resources for the first and second links and management of mixed uplink and downlink processes (e.g., feedback messages (ACK / NACK) of downlink data from the first link are fed back to the base station via the second link uplink; the MAC layer can correlate these processes across frequency bands). The RRC layer can extend connection establishment and control signaling, for example, by adding a "dual-band connection configuration" message during connection establishment, instructing the terminal device to simultaneously access the first frequency band cell (downlink) and the second frequency band cell (uplink). The RRC layer can also define control information elements for the RIS reflection unit, allowing the network to issue or the terminal device to negotiate the reflection configuration adjustment strategy for the RIS reflection unit autonomously. The PHY layer can add auxiliary reference signals for channel estimation of the reflection path of the RIS reflection unit, and new initial access sequences to support beam direction selection of the first link guided by the second link. These new signaling features enable cooperation between system components; for example, the base station can use RRC commands to instruct the terminal device to adjust the RIS reflection unit, and the terminal device can feed back link-related data to the base station via the MAC layer while waiting. In this way, the originally independent modules (dual-band link, RIS reflection unit, model, etc.) are organically arranged into a whole, realizing automatic and collaborative link maintenance. This cross-layer design can be implemented on the existing cellular network architecture while maximizing its benefits.

[0116] In the foregoing embodiments of this application, the preset quality prediction model, preset obstacle handling model, and other terminal device-side models deployed on the terminal device side can be the same model or multiple different models. The terminal device-side model is a pre-trained machine learning model. For example, it can be obtained by training a CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) model or an LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory Network), or by fine-tuning a Large Language Model (LLM).

[0117] Taking the terminal device-side model as an example, which is trained from a CNN model, the terminal device-side model may include an input layer, a convolutional layer, an activation function layer, a pooling layer, a fully connected layer, and an output layer. The input data (such as first link-related data or second link-related data) passes through the input layer, convolutional layer, activation function layer, pooling layer, fully connected layer, and output layer in sequence. Finally, the output layer outputs the prediction result (such as the obstacle situation, predicted obstacle avoidance configuration, link quality information, or path evaluation result in the aforementioned embodiment).

[0118] Furthermore, the training process for a CNN model can include: acquiring training sample data, which includes different data samples (i.e., input data as samples) and corresponding label results for different data samples (i.e., obstacle situations, predicted obstacle avoidance configurations, link quality information, or path evaluation results corresponding to the data samples); using a CNN model to analyze the data samples in the training sample data and output prediction results; using a loss function to calculate the loss based on the label results and prediction results; and calculating the gradient of the loss and adjusting the weights of each layer in the CNN model according to the gradient; repeating the above steps until the training stopping condition is met (such as the analysis accuracy of the CNN model reaching a preset accuracy or the number of training iterations reaching a preset number of iterations), then a trained terminal device-side model can be obtained.

[0119] The loss function can be selected according to the actual situation, and this application does not impose any special restrictions on it. For example, a loss function can be the cross-entropy loss function. Data samples can include input data that is legally collected as samples with user authorization, and different data samples can be labeled with corresponding results by professional labelers.

[0120] Similarly, in the aforementioned embodiments of this application, the preset scheduling optimization model deployed on the base station side is a pre-trained machine learning model. For example, a preset scheduling optimization model can be obtained by training a CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) model or an LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory Network), or by fine-tuning a Large Language Model (LLM).

[0121] Taking the preset scheduling optimization model as an example, which is obtained by training a CNN model, the preset scheduling optimization model may include an input layer, a convolutional layer, an activation function layer, a pooling layer, a fully connected layer, and an output layer. Input data (such as link-related data) passes through the input layer, convolutional layer, activation function layer, pooling layer, fully connected layer, and output layer in sequence. Finally, the output layer outputs the decision result (such as the downlink scheduling optimization strategy and link quality information in the aforementioned embodiment).

[0122] Furthermore, the training process for a CNN model can include: acquiring training sample data, which includes different data samples (i.e., input data as samples) and corresponding label results (i.e., downlink scheduling optimization strategies, link quality information, etc. corresponding to the data samples); using the CNN model to analyze the data samples in the training sample data and output prediction results; using a loss function to calculate the loss based on the label results and prediction results; and calculating the gradient of the loss and adjusting the weights of each layer in the CNN model according to the gradient; repeating the above steps until the training stopping condition is met (such as the analysis accuracy of the CNN model reaching a preset accuracy or the number of training iterations reaching a preset number of iterations, etc.), then a pre-trained preset scheduling optimization model can be obtained.

[0123] The loss function can be selected according to the actual situation, and this application does not impose any special restrictions on it. For example, a loss function can be the cross-entropy loss function. Data samples can include input data that is legally collected as samples with user authorization, and different data samples can be labeled with corresponding results by professional labelers.

[0124] The foregoing embodiments are further described in detail below in specific scenarios in which dual-link uplink and downlink communication between CPE devices (i.e., user premises equipment) and base stations is performed by applying the foregoing embodiments of this application.

[0125] Scenario 1: Indoor Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) High-Speed ​​Download. Users are located in high-rise buildings in cities and want to obtain ultra-high-speed internet access comparable to fiber optics via wireless. Operators deploy base stations on the rooftops of buildings surrounding the community, covering nearby users with directional beams. Traditionally, for indoor users to access millimeter-wave / terahertz signals, the CPE device needs to be installed near a window and there needs to be a direct line of sight to the base station outside the window; otherwise, the signal is difficult to penetrate the room.

[0126] The first link between the CPE device and the base station operates in the terahertz band, while the second link operates in a predetermined band below the terahertz band. The CPE device integrates a RIS reflector unit, significantly improving the situation. Specifically, the user places the CPE device indoors near a window, with the integrated RIS reflector unit attached to the inside of the window glass. Even if the terahertz signal from the base station cannot directly pass through the glass due to the angle of incidence or is obstructed, it can still be reflected transmissively by the RIS reflector unit (note: the RIS reflector unit attached to the window glass can be made semi-transparent, allowing light and high-frequency signals to pass through) to the CPE device. This means that even if the user's room does not have a window facing the base station, the RIS reflector can reflect the terahertz signal multiple times from the glass to the room (effectively turning the window glass into a "smart antenna"). In this scenario, the RIS reflector unit helps users overcome the obstruction of buildings, achieving efficient introduction of terahertz signals from outdoors to indoors.

[0127] On the downlink, the base station can use the terahertz band to send large amounts of data to the user, such as 8K video streams and cloud VR content, with peak rates reaching tens of Gbps. On the uplink, user equipment control requests, ACKs, and a small amount of uplink data (such as interactive game control signals) can be sent to the macro cell where the base station is located via a predetermined frequency band. Because the predetermined frequency band below the terahertz band has good wall penetration, the uplink remains stable even when the user is deep inside a room. One direct effect of this uplink / downlink decoupling scheme is a significant improvement in coverage and quality: in experiments, it was found that compared to traditional millimeter-wave CPE devices that can only obtain signals near windows, this scheme allows users considerable freedom in placement indoors. Furthermore, when obstacles such as people walking in the room, birds flying by outside the window, or fixed obstacles are present, the model can predict the obstacles and avoid them in time, ensuring smooth network video. The end-user experience proves that even in indoor environments previously considered unfavorable for high-frequency propagation, a stable download speed of >10 Gbps can still be enjoyed without the need for fiber optic cables to be laid into the home, demonstrating the value of "wireless fiber optic".

[0128] The second scenario: Ultra-high-speed wireless coverage within large buildings / parks. Consider a corporate park or factory workshop that wants to utilize the first link in the terahertz band to transmit massive amounts of data (such as AR drawings, 3D models, etc.) or provide immersive communication services within its internal LAN. These scenarios are often large in area, have many internal partitions, and are dynamic (personnel and equipment frequently move), making it difficult for traditional Wi-Fi or 5G mmWave small base stations to guarantee full coverage and stability. Using embodiments of this invention, a small central base station (similar to a WiGig / 6G small base station) can be installed in the center of the workshop ceiling, with smart CPE devices (with RIS reflector units) placed in various corners or at important terminal locations. For example, CPE devices (with RIS reflector units) can be attached to workshop pillars, responsible for providing signal relay and terminal access for that area. A mobile AR terminal (such as AR glasses) can communicate with the central base station through a nearby CPE device: Central base station → Terahertz signal → Reflected via the RIS reflector unit on the pillar → AR glasses (the AR glasses may receive the signal directly or it may be forwarded to the AR glasses via the CPE device). In this architecture, a RIS-enhanced CPE device acts as a smart signal hotspot, capable of transmitting high-speed terahertz signals to previously obscure areas. For example, if a large metal device behind an AGV blocks the direct signal from the central base station, the RIS reflector unit on a pillar next to the AGV can adjust its angle to reflect the signal around the large metal device to the receiver on the AGV, allowing it to still communicate at high speed without being affected by the obstruction.

[0129] This embodiment embodies the user-centric RIS deployment concept: the RIS reflection unit is no longer just a lifeless board fixed to the wall, but is integrated with CPE devices, appearing on demand in weak network areas to serve the terminal. Technically, this makes network coverage more flexible and significantly reduces complete blind spots. AI algorithms (models) can also play a crucial role here: given the complex and ever-changing environment of the campus, AI algorithms (models) can help predict obstruction situations (such as whether a route will be blocked by a forklift or the view will soon be opened), thereby driving the network to switch paths in a timely manner. For example, when it detects that a device is about to move and block the reflection path of the current RIS reflection unit, the system quickly instructs the terminal or CPE device to switch to the reflection path of another nearby CPE's RIS reflection unit, achieving uninterrupted relay communication. Real-world testing shows that deploying four such intelligent CPE devices in a 100m x 100m factory can achieve at least 1Gbps first-link coverage in >90% of the space, with end-to-end latency controlled within 5ms.

[0130] The third scenario: Vehicle-mounted high-speed access and mobile hotspot scenario. This solution is also applicable to mobile scenarios, such as buses and high-speed trains serving as user terminals for high-speed communication. In this case, the CPE device is installed on the top or side of the vehicle and integrates a large-area RIS reflector unit. Along the track or highway, roadside 6G base stations are deployed at regular intervals, using the first link in the terahertz band to send the first type of data (such as real-time monitoring video upload, in-vehicle entertainment downlink, etc.) to the vehicle. The test scenario is a high-speed train: the CPE device on the train establishes a brief first link connection in the terahertz band with each base station along the route, downloading / uploading data each time it passes a base station, and then switching to the next one. The difficulty in traditional high-speed scenarios is that, due to the high speed of the train, the beam alignment time is extremely short and prone to mismatch, resulting in large switching losses or even frequent connection failures. This invention can significantly improve this situation through the RIS reflector unit and dual links: the RIS reflector unit can electrically scan signals over an ultra-wide angle, unlike traditional antennas which are limited by physical pointing. For example, when a train approaches a base station, the RIS reflector adjusts to form a forward beam to lock onto the base station signal ahead; as the train departs, the RIS reflector forms a backward beam to track the base station, extending the connection window. This electronic scanning is much faster than mechanical steering, completing the task within milliseconds, making beam switching during high-speed movement smoother. Secondly, AI algorithms (models) are particularly important in train applications. Train operation is highly predictable—speed and track are known. Therefore, AI algorithms (models) can accurately predict obstacles. Based on this, the system can switch to a second-link macro network communication in a predetermined frequency band below the terahertz band (although the speed is lower, it is more reliable) in advance in areas with unfavorable terahertz frequency bands, such as tunnels and mountainous areas. Once the obstacle is passed, the terahertz frequency band connection is immediately restored.

[0131] In a real-world simulation, a high-speed train equipped with the CPE device of this solution traveled at 500 km / h, communicating with the ground via a dual-link connection in the terahertz band and a predetermined frequency band. Throughout the journey, it maintained an average data throughput of over 1 Gbps without any disconnections due to untimely switching. This represents a significant improvement compared to the frequent terahertz band connection interruptions (lasting several seconds each time the train passed a station) without this solution. Although the vehicle is not a traditional "stationary" device, this example demonstrates the versatility of this solution: any terminal device requiring stable, high-speed communication in a high-speed mobile environment can benefit from dual-link fusion and RIS-assisted technology. In the future, this solution can be extended to scenarios such as UAV air-to-ground communication and ship-to-port communication; wherever high-frequency, high-speed links and high reliability are required, the architecture of this invention can be considered.

[0132] The fourth scenario: Outdoor non-line-of-sight access in high-density urban areas. In urban macrocells, users are often in the shadow of buildings and cannot directly "see" the base station, for example, their view is blocked by nearby tall buildings. For these users, even if they are not far from the base station, they can hardly receive high-frequency signals. According to the embodiments of this application, user-side relay RIS reflection units can be deployed to solve this problem: Assuming that user A's apartment faces the base station, a standard CPE device can be deployed; while user B is in the adjacent apartment where the signal is blocked, only one RIS reflection unit can be placed on B's windowsill (or a complete CPE device with a RIS reflection unit can be directly installed inside B's room). After A's CPE device receives the terahertz signal from the base station, it shares the data with B via Ethernet, or more advancedly, A's CPE device's RIS reflection unit directly reflects part of the signal towards B's window simultaneously, achieving one-hop coverage for both households. In this cooperative mode, multiple users' CPE devices / RIS reflection units can form a user self-organizing reflection array, refracting signals that would otherwise be inaccessible through multiple steps, penetrating deep into the urban canyon. AI algorithms can optimize the reflection configuration of multiple RIS reflection units to enhance the field strength at the target user. Experiments show that even when there is no direct line of sight between two buildings, users on the opposite side of the building can still receive terahertz signals by utilizing the RIS reflector unit on the balcony of the resident on the opposite side. This demonstrates that this solution can fully leverage user-side resources to extend network coverage, something that traditional solutions relying solely on operator base stations cannot achieve.

[0133] It should be noted that the aforementioned embodiments of this application can have different variations and combinations. For example, indoor users in the first scenario can also adopt the user collaboration method of the fourth scenario, and can be further supplemented by the mobility enhancement of the third scenario. If the present invention is applied to the Internet of Things scenario, the CPE device can also be linked with sensors / cameras to achieve communication + perception fusion (the RIS reflective unit can be used for environmental perception while assisting in communication). Therefore, this solution is not limited to the above-mentioned scenarios, and in fact provides a flexible platform for various emerging 6G services.

[0134] To facilitate better implementation of the communication method provided in the embodiments of this application, the embodiments of this application also provide a communication device based on the above-described communication method. The meanings of the terms used are the same as in the above-described communication method, and specific implementation details can be found in the descriptions within the method embodiments.

[0135] Figure 7 A block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 7 The communication device 600 shown can be applied to a terminal device. The communication device 600 may include: a device receiving module 610, which can be used to receive first type data sent by a base station through a first link; and a device uploading module 620, which can be used to send second type data to the base station through a second link, wherein the first link and the second link operate at different frequency bands.

[0136] In some embodiments of this application, the operating frequency band of the first link is the terahertz band, and the operating frequency band of the second link is a predetermined frequency band lower than the terahertz band.

[0137] In some embodiments of this application, when the receiving base station sends the first type of data through the first link, the device receiving module 610 can be used to: receive a first frequency band signal relayed by the signal relay unit, the first frequency band signal carrying the first type of data, and the first frequency band signal being transmitted by the base station to the signal relay unit through the first link.

[0138] In some embodiments of this application, the signal relay unit includes a RIS reflection unit connected to the terminal device; the device further includes an obstacle avoidance module for: determining the obstruction status of the reflection path between the RIS reflection unit and the terminal device; and performing obstacle avoidance operations based on the obstruction status.

[0139] In some embodiments of this application, when determining the obstruction status of the reflection path between the RIS reflection unit and the terminal device, the obstacle avoidance module is used to: use a preset obstacle processing model to predict the obstruction status of the reflection path in the future based on the first link-related data of the first link.

[0140] In some embodiments of this application, when performing obstacle avoidance operation according to the obstacle situation, the obstacle avoidance module is used to: if the obstacle situation is a first type of obstacle, adjust the reflection configuration of the RIS reflection unit so that the reflection path of the RIS reflection unit bypasses the obstacle.

[0141] In some embodiments of this application, when performing obstacle avoidance operation according to the obstacle situation, the obstacle avoidance module is used to: if the obstacle situation is a second type of obstacle, instruct the base station to switch to the second link to transmit the first type of data.

[0142] In some embodiments of this application, the signal relay unit includes a RIS reflection unit; before receiving the first frequency band signal relayed by the signal relay unit, the device further includes a calibration module for: controlling the RIS reflection unit to change the reflection angle according to different reflection configurations, and the base station emitting detection signals in different beam directions on the first link; selecting an initial combination based on signal measurement data under different combinations of the reflection configuration and the beam direction; notifying the base station of the initial combination through the second link so that the base station fixes the beam direction in the initial combination; and setting the RIS reflection unit to the reflection configuration in the initial combination.

[0143] In some embodiments of this application, the device further includes an optimization module that can be used to: use a preset quality prediction model to predict the link quality information of the first link in the future based on the first link-related data of the first link; and perform transmission optimization operations based on the link quality information.

[0144] In some embodiments of this application, when performing transmission optimization operations based on the link quality information, the optimization module can be used to: if the link quality information reflects that the link quality will deteriorate, instruct the base station to switch to the second link to transmit the first type of data.

[0145] In some embodiments of this application, the link quality information includes a link quality value; when the link quality information reflects that the link quality will deteriorate, and the base station is instructed to switch to the second link to transmit the first type of data, the optimization module can be used to: if the link quality value is less than the first threshold and greater than the second threshold, request the base station to transmit the first type of data in parallel via dual paths on the second link and the first link; if the link quality value is less than the second threshold, request the base station to transmit the first type of data on the second link.

[0146] Figure 8 A block diagram of a communication device according to another embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 8 The communication device 700 shown can be applied to a base station. The communication device 700 may include: a base station sending module 710, which can be used to send a first type of data to a terminal device through a first link; and a base station receiving module 720, which can be used to receive a second type of data sent by the terminal device through a second link; wherein the first link and the second link operate at different frequency bands.

[0147] In some embodiments of this application, the second type of data includes link-related data; the device further includes a scheduling optimization module that can be used to: adopt a preset scheduling optimization model, make decisions based on the link-related data, and obtain a downlink scheduling optimization strategy; and execute downlink scheduling optimization operations according to the downlink scheduling optimization strategy.

[0148] It should be noted that although several modules or units for the device used to perform actions have been mentioned in the detailed description above, this division is not mandatory. In fact, according to the embodiments of this application, the features and functions of two or more modules or units described above can be embodied in one module or unit. Conversely, the features and functions of one module or unit described above can be further divided and embodied by multiple modules or units.

[0149] Furthermore, embodiments of this application also provide a user premises device, such as... Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 A block diagram of a user premises device according to an embodiment of this application is shown, specifically: The user premises equipment may include components such as a processor 801 with one or more processing cores, a memory 802 with one or more computer-readable storage media, a power supply 803, and an input unit 804. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 9 The terminal device structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the terminal device and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements. Wherein: The processor 801 is the control center of the terminal device, connecting various parts of the computer device via various interfaces and lines. It executes software programs and / or modules stored in the memory 802, and calls data stored in the memory 802, to perform various functions and process data. Optionally, the processor 801 may include one or more processing cores; preferably, the processor 801 may integrate an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly handles the operating system, user page, and applications, and the modem processor mainly handles wireless communication. It is understood that the modem processor may not be integrated into the processor 801.

[0150] The memory 802 can be used to store software programs and modules. The processor 801 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the software programs and modules stored in the memory 802. The memory 802 may mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system, application programs required for at least one function (such as sound playback function, image playback function, etc.), etc.; the data storage area may store data created according to the use of the terminal device, etc. In addition, the memory 802 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device. Accordingly, the memory 802 may also include a memory controller to provide the processor 801 with access to the memory 802.

[0151] The terminal device also includes a power supply 803 that supplies power to the various components. Preferably, the power supply 803 can be logically connected to the processor 801 through a power management system, thereby enabling functions such as charging, discharging, and power consumption management through the power management system. The power supply 803 may also include one or more DC or AC power supplies, recharging systems, power fault detection circuits, power converters or inverters, power status indicators, and other arbitrary components.

[0152] The terminal device may also include an input unit 804, which can be used to receive input digital or character information, and generate keyboard, mouse, joystick, optical or trackball signal inputs related to user settings and function control.

[0153] Although not shown, the terminal device may also include a display unit, etc., which will not be described in detail here. Specifically, in this embodiment, the processor 801 in the terminal device can load the executable files corresponding to the processes of one or more computer programs into the memory 802 according to the following instructions, and the processor 801 runs the computer programs stored in the memory 802, thereby realizing the various functions in the foregoing embodiments of this application.

[0154] For example, the processor 801 in the terminal device can perform the following: receiving first type of data sent by the base station through a first link; sending second type of data to the base station through a second link; wherein the first link and the second link operate at different frequency bands.

[0155] Furthermore, according to another embodiment of this application, a base station is provided. A base station may include: a memory storing a computer program; and a processor reading the computer program stored in the memory to execute the method described in the embodiments of this application executed on the base station side.

[0156] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be performed by a computer program, or by a computer program controlling related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium and loaded and executed by a processor.

[0157] Therefore, embodiments of this application also provide a storage medium storing a computer program that can be loaded by a processor to execute the steps in any of the methods provided in embodiments of this application.

[0158] The storage medium can be a computer-readable storage medium, which may include: read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk, etc.

[0159] Since the computer program stored in the storage medium can execute the steps of any of the methods provided in the embodiments of this application, the beneficial effects that the methods provided in the embodiments of this application can achieve can be realized. For details, please refer to the previous embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0160] According to another embodiment of this application, a computer program product or computer program includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a terminal device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions, causing the terminal device to perform the methods provided in the various optional implementations described in the embodiments of this application.

[0161] According to another embodiment of this application, a computer program product or computer program includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a base station reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions, causing the base station to perform the methods provided in the various optional implementations described in the embodiments of this application.

[0162] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the embodiments disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein.

[0163] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the embodiments described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, but various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, Applied to a terminal device, the method includes: Receive the first type of data sent by the base station through the first link; The second type of data is sent to the base station via the second link; The first link and the second link operate at different frequency bands.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first link operates in the terahertz band, and the second link operates in a predetermined frequency band below the terahertz band.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first type of data transmitted by the receiving base station through the first link includes: The signal relay unit receives a first frequency band signal relayed by the signal relay unit. The first frequency band signal carries the first type of data. The first frequency band signal is transmitted by the base station to the signal relay unit through the first link.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The signal relay unit includes a RIS reflection unit, which is connected to the terminal device; the method further includes: Determine the obstruction status of the reflection path between the RIS reflection unit and the terminal device; Perform obstacle avoidance maneuvers based on the obstacles encountered.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Determining the obstruction status of the reflection path between the RIS reflection unit and the terminal device includes: Using a preset obstruction handling model, predictions are made based on the first link-related data of the first link to obtain the obstruction status of the reflection path in the future.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of performing obstacle avoidance operations based on the obstruction situation includes: If the obstruction is a first-type obstacle, the reflection configuration of the RIS reflection unit is adjusted so that the reflection path of the RIS reflection unit bypasses the obstacle.

7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of performing obstacle avoidance operations based on the obstruction situation includes: If the obstruction is a second type of obstacle, the base station is instructed to switch to the second link to transmit the first type of data.

8. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The signal relay unit includes a RIS reflection unit; before receiving the first frequency band signal relayed by the signal relay unit, the method further includes: The RIS reflection unit is controlled to change the reflection angle according to different reflection configurations, and the base station emits detection signals in different beam directions on the first link; Based on the signal measurement data under different combinations of the reflection configuration and the beam direction, an initial combination is selected; The initial combination is communicated to the base station via the second link, so that the base station fixes the beam direction in the initial combination; Configure the RIS reflection unit to the reflection configuration in the initial combination.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: A preset quality prediction model is used to predict the link quality information of the first link in the future based on the first link-related data of the first link. Based on the link quality information, perform transmission optimization operations.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The step of performing transmission optimization operations based on the link quality information includes: If the link quality information indicates that the link quality will deteriorate, the base station is instructed to switch to the second link to transmit the first type of data.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The link quality information includes the link quality value; If the link quality information indicates that the link quality will deteriorate, then instructing the base station to switch to the second link to transmit the first type of data includes: If the link quality value is less than the first threshold and greater than the second threshold, then the base station is requested to send the first type of data in parallel via two paths on the second link and the first link. If the link quality value is less than the second threshold, then the base station is requested to send the first type of data on the second link.

12. A communication method, characterized in that, Applied to a base station, the method includes: The first type of data is sent to the terminal device through the first link; Receive the second type of data sent by the terminal device through the second link; The first link and the second link operate at different frequency bands.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The second type of data includes link-related data; The method further includes: A downlink scheduling optimization strategy is obtained by using a preset scheduling optimization model and making decisions based on the link-related data. According to the downlink scheduling optimization strategy, the downlink scheduling optimization operation is executed.

14. A communication device, characterized in that, Applied to a terminal device, the device includes: The device receiving module is used to: receive first type of data sent by the base station through the first link; The device upload module is used to send a second type of data to the base station via a second link, wherein the first link and the second link operate at different frequency bands.

15. A communication system, characterized in that, It includes a terminal device and a base station; the terminal device is used to receive a first type of data sent by the base station through a first link; and the terminal device is used to send a second type of data to the base station through a second link, wherein the first link and the second link operate at different frequency bands.

16. A terminal device, characterized in that, include: Memory, which stores computer programs; A processor reads a computer program stored in memory to perform the method described in any one of claims 1 to 11.

17. A base station, characterized in that, include: Memory, which stores computer programs; A processor reads a computer program stored in memory to perform the method described in any one of claims 12 to 13.

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