A radioactive alkaline decontaminant

Abstract

The application provides a radioactive alkaline decontaminant which is composed of raw materials including water, inorganic alkali, carbonate, solubilized surfactant, emulsifier, alkaline decontamination synergist, penetrating agent, complexing agent and defoaming agent, has good stability, low metal corrosion, and can efficiently remove surface radioactive contamination and other kinds of contamination.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of environmental science and materials science, and specifically to radioactive alkaline detergents. Background Technology

[0002] Surface radioactive contamination is a type of radioactive pollution that occurs when radioactive substances adhere to the surface of an object through mechanical adsorption, physical adsorption, or chemical interaction with the surface.

[0003] With the development of the nuclear industry and the widespread use of nuclear energy, surface radioactive contamination is still unavoidable despite a series of radiation protection measures. If this radioactive contamination is not effectively treated, it will not only cause pollution damage to the environment and equipment, but also cause irreversible harm to the health of workers.

[0004] Chemical decontamination involves bringing appropriate chemical reagents into contact with the contaminated material. The chemical reagents dissolve the radioactive contaminants, ultimately achieving the purpose of decontamination. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The inventors have discovered that a radioactive alkaline detergent, composed of raw materials including water, inorganic alkali, carbonate, solubilizing surfactant, emulsifier, alkaline detergency enhancer, penetrant, complexing agent and defoamer, has good stability, low corrosivity to metals, and can efficiently remove surface radioactive contaminants and other types of contaminants, thus completing this invention.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide can be used as the inorganic base, with sodium hydroxide being preferred.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate can be used as carbonates, with sodium carbonate being preferred.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, sodium stearate, dodecylbenzene sulfonates such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, FM-400 surfactant, and nonylphenol polyether-10 can be used as solubilizing surfactants.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the alkaline detergency enhancer may be sodium silicate or sodium metasilicate, with sodium metasilicate being preferred.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a low-foaming, alkali-resistant penetrant such as JFC-2GL can be used as the penetrant.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, sodium gluconate, pentasodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and / or propylene glycol methyl ether can be used as complexing agents, with a combination of sodium gluconate, pentasodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether being preferred.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as a defoamer, organosilicon defoamer ZJ-800 and organosilicon defoamer can be used, with ZJ-800 defoamer being preferred.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the radioactive alkaline detergent is composed of the following raw materials in the indicated weight ratios:

[0014]

[0015] In a more preferred embodiment, the radioactive alkaline detergent is composed of the following raw materials in the indicated weight ratios:

[0016]

[0017] In a further preferred embodiment, the radioactive alkaline detergent is composed of the following raw materials in the indicated weight ratios:

[0018]

[0019] In some preferred embodiments, the surfactants are sodium gluconate, pentasodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether in a weight ratio of (2-4):(8-10):(1-3):(2-4).

[0020] The radioactive alkaline detergent of this invention is obtained by mixing and dissolving an inorganic alkali, carbonate, solubilizing surfactant, alkaline detergent synergist, penetrant, complexing agent, and defoamer in water. These components can be mixed and dissolved simultaneously or sequentially. To ensure complete dissolution and the stability of the resulting detergent, sequential mixing and dissolution is preferred.

[0021] To facilitate the mixing of solvents, methods such as stirring and ultrasound can be used.

[0022] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) The radioactive alkaline detergent of the present invention, by selecting and combining special types of inorganic alkali, carbonate, solubilizing surfactant, emulsifier, alkaline detergent enhancer, penetrant, complexing agent and defoamer, has strong stability, low metal corrosivity, can efficiently remove radioactive pollution, and can also effectively remove other types of pollution. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1The photographs in Experiment Example 1 are shown;

[0025] Figure 2 The photographs in Experiment Example 2 are shown;

[0026] Figure 3 The photograph in Experiment 4 is shown; Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will now be described in detail through specific embodiments, and the features and advantages of the present invention will become clearer and more explicit with these descriptions.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] Add 10g of sodium hydroxide to 100g of water and stir at room temperature for 20 minutes at a stirring speed of 180 rpm. Then add 10g of sodium carbonate and stir at room temperature for 15 minutes at a stirring speed of 180 rpm. Next, add 3g of sodium stearate and stir at room temperature for 20 minutes at a stirring speed of 380 rpm. Then add 10g of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and stir at room temperature for 25 minutes at a stirring speed of 260 rpm. Next, add 3g of sodium metasilicate and stir at room temperature for 25 minutes at a stirring speed of 260 rpm. Finally, add 10g of low-foaming alkali-resistant penetrant JFC-2GL (produced by Lusen Chemical Co., Ltd.) and stir at room temperature for 5 minutes at a stirring speed of 380 rpm. / min; then add 3g of sodium gluconate, stir at room temperature for 25min at a stirring speed of 260r / min; then add 10g of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid pentasodium (DTPA-5Na), stir at room temperature for 15min at a stirring speed of 380r / min; then add 2g of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium (EDTA-2Na), stir at room temperature for 30min at a stirring speed of 450r / min; then add 3g of propylene glycol methyl ether, stir at room temperature for 15min at a stirring speed of 380r / min; then add 0.1g of ZJ-800 defoamer (produced by Zhijing Factory), stir at room temperature for 5min at a stirring speed of 380r / min; thus obtaining a radioactive alkaline detergent.

[0030] Experimental Example 1

[0031] Take approximately 50 ml of the radioactive alkaline detergent prepared according to Example 1 into a 100 ml colorless, stoppered wide-mouth glass bottle, stopper it, and place it in a refrigerator at (-5±2)℃. After 6 hours, remove it and observe its appearance after it returns to room temperature. Figure 1 As shown, the detergent was found to be uniform and without stratification after thawing at -5±2℃ for 6 hours, with no crystallization or precipitation.

[0032] Experimental Example 2

[0033] Take approximately 50 mL of the radioactive alkaline detergent prepared according to Example 1 into a 100 mL colorless, stoppered wide-mouth glass bottle, stopper it, and place it in a constant temperature incubator at (60±2)℃. After 6 hours, remove it and immediately observe its appearance. Figure 2 As shown, the detergent was found to show no stratification or sedimentation after being heated to 60±2℃ for 6 hours.

[0034] Experimental Example 3

[0035] Pour 400 mL of the radioactive alkaline detergent (5% aqueous solution) prepared according to Example 1 into a 500 mL beaker, and then place the beaker in a 60°C constant temperature water bath to maintain the temperature at (60±2)°C. Clamp the oil-stained test piece on the swing rack of the swing washing machine, with the test piece surface perpendicular to the swing direction. Immerse in the detergent solution for 3 min, and then immediately start the swing washing machine to swing for 3 min. After the swing washing is completed, remove the test piece along with the hook, and swing it in 400 mL of distilled water at (60±2)°C for 30 s. Hang it on the test piece rack and place it in a constant temperature drying oven at (40±2)°C for 2 h. Remove it, cool it to room temperature in a desiccator, weigh it, and calculate the cleaning power according to the following formula.

[0036]

[0037] W2 represents cleaning power, expressed as a percentage.

[0038] m0 represents the mass of the test piece, expressed in grams (g).

[0039] m1 represents the mass of the oil-stained test piece before cleaning, expressed in grams (g).

[0040] m2 represents the mass of the oil-stained test piece after cleaning, expressed in grams (g).

[0041] The results are shown in the table below.

[0042]

[0043] Test Example 4

[0044] Immerse the stainless steel metal sample completely in the metal cleaning agent solution, remove and dry it to cover the surface with a dry film of cleaning agent, then rinse it in water and dry it again, checking for any residue on the sample surface. Place a beaker containing 400 mL of the radioactive alkaline detergent prepared according to Example 1 in a constant temperature water bath at (60±2)℃. Hang the sample on an S-shaped hook and immerse it completely in the radioactive alkaline detergent for 5 minutes, then remove it and immediately use filter paper to absorb the liquid from the bottom and holes of the sample. Hang it vertically on a sample rack and place it in an oven at (40±2)℃ to dry for 30 minutes. Remove the sample and swing it back and forth 10 times in 400 mL of distilled water at (60±2)℃ (one round trip counts as one time), with the swinging time not exceeding 10 seconds. Then dry it with hot air and check the appearance of the sample. Figure 3 As shown, no visible residue was found after rinsing.

[0045] Experimental Example 5

[0046] Place the prepared No. 45 steel test piece (with test piece rack) in an oven at (40±2)℃ and dry for 30 minutes. Cool and weigh.

[0047] A container containing 400 ml of the radioactive alkaline detergent prepared according to Example 1 was placed in a constant-temperature water bath at (80±2)℃. The weighed test pieces were then suspended from a beam placed horizontally at the mouth of the container, ensuring they were completely submerged in the detergent (without touching the bottom or being exposed above the surface). Only two test pieces of the same material were placed in each container. After 2 hours, the test pieces were removed. They were rinsed with freshly boiled and cooled distilled water (10 rinses), dehydrated in anhydrous ethanol, and dried with hot air. The appearance was then inspected. After inspection, the test pieces (including the rack) were placed in an oven at (40±2)℃ for 30 minutes, then cooled in a desiccator. The corrosion amount was measured and expressed in milligrams (w), calculated using the following formula.

[0048] W3=(m1-m2)×1000

[0049] W3 represents the corrosion amount of the test piece, in milligrams (mg).

[0050] m1 is the mass of the test piece before the corrosion test, in grams (g);

[0051] m2 is the mass of the test piece after the corrosion test, in grams (g);

[0052] The results are shown in the table below.

[0053]

[0054] The surface of the specimen showed no rust or obvious changes after corrosion.

[0055] Experimental Example 6

[0056] Radioactive contamination on the surface of a steel sheet was measured using a CoMo170 (handheld digital surface contamination meter). Five measurement points were set at the four corners and the middle of the steel sheet, and each point was measured six times.

[0057] The radioactive alkaline detergent prepared according to Example 1 was mixed with water at a volume ratio of 1:10. The radioactively contaminated steel sheet was placed in an ultrasonic cleaner containing the diluted alkaline detergent solution and cleaned for 20 minutes under ultrasonic conditions of 25°C, 45kHz, and 490W. The radioactive contamination at each measurement point was measured.

[0058] The stain removal rate was calculated using the following formula, and the results are shown in the table below:

[0059]

[0060] DE represents the detergency of the detergent, expressed as a percentage.

[0061] A0 represents the background level before sample contamination, measured in Bq / cm³. 2 ;

[0062] A1 represents surface contamination of the contaminated sample before background subtraction, in Bq / cm³. 2 ;

[0063] A2 represents the surface contamination of the decontaminated sample before background subtraction, in Bq / cm³. 2 ;

[0064]

[0065] Experimental Example 7

[0066] The radioactive alkaline detergent prepared according to Example 1 was diluted with deionized water at ratios of 1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, and 1:30, respectively, and the diluted solutions were placed in 2L beakers. The contaminated steel sheet was placed in the beakers and cleaned for 20 minutes under ultrasonic conditions at 25°C, 45kHz, and 490W. The results are shown in the table below.

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] Experimental Example 8

[0070] Take a clean towel and soak it in deionized water and the alkaline detergent obtained in Example 1 diluted at a ratio of 1:10. Then use the towel to wipe the surface of the contaminated steel sheet. After wiping back and forth more than 10 times, measure the surface contamination and calculate the wiping removal rate. The results are shown in the table below.

[0071]

[0072] Example 2

[0073] Add 8g of sodium hydroxide to 100g of water and stir at room temperature for 20 minutes at a stirring speed of 180 rpm. Then add 12g of sodium carbonate and stir at room temperature for 15 minutes at a stirring speed of 180 rpm. Next, add 3g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and stir at room temperature for 20 minutes at a stirring speed of 380 rpm. Then add 12g of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and stir at room temperature for 25 minutes at a stirring speed of 260 rpm. Next, add 2g of sodium metasilicate and stir at room temperature for 25 minutes at a stirring speed of 260 rpm. Finally, add 8g of low-foaming alkali-resistant penetrant JFC-2GL (produced by Lusen Chemical Co., Ltd.) and stir at room temperature for 5 minutes at a stirring speed of 380 rpm. Add 2g of sodium gluconate and stir at room temperature for 25 minutes at a stirring speed of 260 r / min; add 8g of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid pentasodium (DTPA-5Na) and stir at room temperature for 15 minutes at a stirring speed of 380 r / min; add 3g of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium (EDTA-2Na) and stir at room temperature for 30 minutes at a stirring speed of 450 r / min; add 4g of propylene glycol methyl ether and stir at room temperature for 15 minutes at a stirring speed of 380 r / min; add 0.08g of ZJ-800 defoamer (produced by Zhijing Factory) and stir at room temperature for 5 minutes at a stirring speed of 380 r / min; thus obtaining a radioactive alkaline detergent.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] Add 5g of sodium hydroxide to 100g of water and stir at room temperature for 20 minutes at a stirring speed of 180 rpm. Then add 14g of sodium carbonate and stir at room temperature for 15 minutes at a stirring speed of 180 rpm. Next, add 6g of FM-400 surfactant and stir at room temperature for 20 minutes at a stirring speed of 380 rpm. Then add 7g of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and stir at room temperature for 25 minutes at a stirring speed of 260 rpm. Next, add 7g of sodium metasilicate and stir at room temperature for 25 minutes at a stirring speed of 260 rpm. Finally, add 16g of low-foaming alkali-resistant penetrant JFC-2GL (produced by Lusen Chemical Co., Ltd.) and stir at room temperature for 5 minutes at a stirring speed of 380 rpm. 0 r / min; then add 4 g of sodium gluconate, stir at room temperature for 25 min at a stirring speed of 260 r / min; then add 10 g of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid pentasodium (DTPA-5Na), stir at room temperature for 15 min at a stirring speed of 380 r / min; then add 1 g of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium (EDTA-2Na), stir at room temperature for 30 min at a stirring speed of 450 r / min; then add 4 g of propylene glycol methyl ether, stir at room temperature for 15 min at a stirring speed of 380 r / min; then add 0.08 g of ZJ-800 defoamer (produced by Zhijing Factory), stir at room temperature for 5 min at a stirring speed of 380 r / min; thus obtaining a radioactive alkaline detergent.

[0076] Example 4

[0077] Add 15g of sodium hydroxide to 100g of water and stir at room temperature for 20 minutes at a stirring speed of 180 rpm; then add 6g of sodium carbonate and stir at room temperature for 15 minutes at a stirring speed of 180 rpm; then add 6g of nonylphenol polyether-10 and stir at room temperature for 20 minutes at a stirring speed of 380 rpm; then add 18g of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and stir at room temperature for 25 minutes at a stirring speed of 260 rpm; then add 7g of sodium silicate and stir at room temperature for 25 minutes at a stirring speed of 260 rpm; then add 6g of low-foaming alkali-resistant penetrant JFC-2GL (produced by Lusen Chemical Co., Ltd.) and stir at room temperature for 5 minutes at a stirring speed of 380 rpm; then add 3g of sodium gluconate and stir at room temperature for 25 minutes at a stirring speed of 260 rpm; then add... Add 9g of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid pentasodium (DTPA-5Na), stir at room temperature for 15 minutes at a stirring speed of 380 rpm; then add 2g of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium (EDTA-2Na), stir at room temperature for 30 minutes at a stirring speed of 450 rpm; then add 3g of propylene glycol methyl ether, stir at room temperature for 15 minutes at a stirring speed of 380 rpm; then add 0.12g of ZJ-800 defoamer (produced by Zhijing Factory), stir at room temperature for 5 minutes at a stirring speed of 380 rpm; thus obtaining a radioactive alkaline detergent.

[0078] The radioactive alkaline detergents obtained in Examples 2-4 were tested, and the results are shown in the table below:

[0079] Cleaning power Radioactive decontamination rate Example 2 90.1％ 97.2％ Example 3 89.8％ 93.0％ Example 4 88.5％ 92.1％

[0080] The present invention has been described in detail above with reference to specific embodiments and / or exemplary examples, as well as the accompanying drawings. However, these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that various equivalent substitutions, modifications, or improvements can be made to the technical solutions and embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A radioactive alkaline detergent, comprising raw materials including water, inorganic alkali, carbonate, solubilizing surfactant, emulsifier, alkaline detergent synergist, penetrant, complexing agent and defoamer.

2. The radioactive alkaline detergent as described in claim 1, wherein, Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are used as inorganic bases, with sodium hydroxide being preferred.

3. The radioactive alkaline detergent as described in claim 1, wherein, Sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate are used as carbonates, with sodium carbonate being the preferred choice.

4. The radioactive alkaline detergent as described in claim 1, wherein, Sodium stearate, dodecylbenzene sulfonate, FM-400 surfactant, and nonylphenol polyether-10 are used as solubilizing surfactants.

5. The radioactive alkaline detergent as described in claim 1, wherein, As an emulsifier, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether is used, preferably octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether or nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether.

6. The radioactive alkaline detergent as described in claim 1, wherein, Sodium silicate and sodium metasilicate are used as alkaline detergency enhancers, with sodium metasilicate being preferred.

7. The radioactive alkaline detergent as described in claim 1, wherein, As a penetrant, use a low-foaming, alkali-resistant penetrant such as JFC-2GL.

8. The radioactive alkaline detergent as described in claim 1, wherein, Sodium gluconate, pentasodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and / or propylene glycol methyl ether are used as complexing agents, with a preferred combination of sodium gluconate, pentasodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether. The ratio of sodium gluconate, pentasodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether by weight is (2-4):(8-10):(1-3):(2-4).

9. The radioactive alkaline detergent as described in claim 1, wherein, As a defoamer, ZJ-800 defoamer and silicone defoamer are used, with ZJ-800 defoamer being preferred.

10. The radioactive alkaline detergent as described in claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in the indicated weight ratios: Preferably composed of raw materials in the following weight ratios: More preferably, it is composed of raw materials in the following weight ratios:

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