A safe, efficient and rapid injection and storage method for carbon dioxide

Abstract

The application discloses a safe, efficient and rapid injection and storage method for carbon dioxide, which comprises the following steps: drilling an injection well in a target area, the target area having a plurality of storage layers exceeding a preset depth, and the injection well penetrating the storage layers; opening a plurality of groups of injection channels on the sidewall of the injection well, the plurality of groups of injection channels corresponding to the positions of the plurality of storage layers respectively, and setting a first packer to form a plurality of injection intervals; arranging a water production well around the injection well, the water production well being in fluid communication with the storage layers; using the water production well to produce formation water from the storage layers, and using the injection channels to inject carbon dioxide into the storage layers; and acquiring injection parameters and water production parameters in real time, and dynamically adjusting and controlling at least one of the injection parameters and the water production parameters based on the injection parameters and the water production parameters, so that the formation pressure is lower than a preset pressure. The safe, efficient and rapid injection and storage method for carbon dioxide can improve the safety, storage efficiency and storage capacity of carbon dioxide storage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological storage technology, specifically to a safe, efficient and rapid carbon dioxide injection and storage method. Background Technology

[0002] Underground saline aquifers are considered promising sites for carbon dioxide sequestration due to their wide distribution and large storage potential. Among related technologies, high-pressure carbon dioxide is injected into saline aquifers using a single-well injection method. This centralized injection method is prone to pressure accumulation, which may lead to formation fracturing and large-scale surface deformation, resulting in leakage of injected carbon dioxide into shallow formations or the surface, posing a threat to infrastructure and the ecological environment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0004] Therefore, embodiments of the present invention propose a safe, efficient and rapid carbon dioxide injection and storage method, which can improve the safety, storage efficiency and storage capacity of carbon dioxide storage.

[0005] The safe, efficient, and rapid carbon dioxide injection and storage method of this invention includes:

[0006] Drill at least one injection well in a target area having multiple sealing storage layers exceeding a preset depth, the injection well passing through the sealing storage layers;

[0007] Multiple sets of injection channels are opened on the sidewall of the injection well. The multiple sets of injection channels are arranged sequentially from top to bottom at intervals and correspond to the depth positions of multiple sealing storage layers. A first packer is set between two adjacent sets of injection channels to form multiple independent injection layer segments.

[0008] At least one water intake well is arranged around the injection well, and the water intake well is in fluid communication with the sealed storage layer;

[0009] Formation water is extracted from the sealed storage layer using the water extraction well, and carbon dioxide is injected into the sealed storage layer using the injection channel of the injection section;

[0010] The injection parameters and water extraction parameters are acquired in real time, and at least one of the injection parameters and water extraction parameters is dynamically adjusted based on the injection parameters and water extraction parameters to make the formation pressure lower than the preset pressure.

[0011] In some embodiments, before extracting formation water from the sealed storage layer using the water well, multiple sets of water intake channels are opened on the sidewall of the water well. The multiple sets of water intake channels are arranged sequentially from top to bottom at intervals and correspond to the depth positions of multiple sealed storage layers respectively. A second packer is set between two adjacent sets of water intake channels to form multiple independent water intake segments.

[0012] In some embodiments, the number of injection channels in each group is multiple; and / or the number of water intake channels in each group is multiple.

[0013] In some embodiments, a plurality of the injection channels within the same group are arranged in a spiral configuration along the depth direction of the injection layer; and / or a plurality of the water intake channels within the same group are arranged in a spiral configuration along the depth direction of the water intake layer.

[0014] In some embodiments, the depth of the injection channel is 0.1m to 5m.

[0015] In some embodiments, the injection parameters include injection pressure, the water intake parameters include water intake pressure, the injection pressure is greater than the water intake pressure, and the pressure difference between the injection pressure and the water intake pressure is within a preset pressure difference range.

[0016] In some embodiments, the injection parameters further include injection flow rate, and a pressure control device is configured for each injection segment to independently control the injection pressure of the corresponding injection segment.

[0017] In some embodiments, fracturing fluid is injected into the injection channel of the injection section before carbon dioxide is injected into the sealed storage layer to form fractures within the sealed storage layer.

[0018] In some embodiments, acid is injected into the injection channel.

[0019] In some embodiments, after the water well has extracted all the formation water in the sealed storage layer, the water well is converted into an injection well.

[0020] The carbon dioxide safe, efficient and rapid injection and storage method of this invention divides the injection well into multiple injection layers, allowing independent control of pressure and flow rate for each storage layer. This prevents excessive pressure in a storage layer from causing formation rupture and subsequent carbon dioxide leakage, thereby improving the safety of carbon dioxide storage.

[0021] Carbon dioxide can be injected deep into the formation through injection channels, reducing the resistance to carbon dioxide injection and improving storage efficiency and storage capacity.

[0022] By setting up water wells around the injection well, formation water in the storage layer can be extracted while injecting carbon dioxide. This reduces the pressure in the storage layer caused by carbon dioxide injection, releases the pressure buildup within the storage layer, and makes full use of the pore space, thereby increasing the storage coefficient of the storage layer. By maintaining the pressure balance of the deep formation through coordinated injection and extraction, the pressure of the formation is prevented from reaching the preset pressure, thus improving the storage capacity of the storage layer for carbon dioxide. At the same time, by extracting formation water, a pressure gradient can be formed, which improves the efficiency of carbon dioxide injection. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for safe, efficient, and rapid carbon dioxide injection and storage according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the injection well structure of a carbon dioxide safe, efficient and rapid injection and storage method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure label:

[0026] 1. Injection well; 11. First packer; 12. Injection section; 13. Injection channel;

[0027] 2. Encapsulated storage layer;

[0028] 3. Partition;

[0029] 4. Carbon dioxide injection pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, with examples of the embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the carbon dioxide safe, efficient, and rapid injection and storage method of this invention includes:

[0032] S1: Drill at least one injection well 1 in the target area, the target area having multiple sealing storage layers 2 exceeding a preset depth, the injection well 1 passing through the sealing storage layers 2;

[0033] S2: Multiple sets of injection channels 13 are opened on the sidewall of injection well 1. The multiple sets of injection channels 13 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom and correspond to the depth positions of multiple sealing storage layers 2 respectively. A first packer 11 is set between two adjacent sets of injection channels 13 to form multiple independent injection layer segments 12.

[0034] S3: At least one water intake well is arranged around the injection well 1, and the water intake well is in fluid communication with the sealed storage layer 2;

[0035] S4: Extract formation water from the sealed storage layer 2 using the water extraction well, and simultaneously inject carbon dioxide into the sealed storage layer 2 using the injection channel 13 of the injection section 12;

[0036] S5: Real-time acquisition of injection and water production parameters, and dynamic adjustment of at least one of the injection and water production parameters based on the injection and water production parameters to ensure that the formation pressure is lower than the preset pressure.

[0037] The carbon dioxide safe, efficient and rapid injection and storage method of this invention divides the injection well 1 into multiple injection layers 12, and allows for independent control of the pressure and flow rate of each storage layer 2. This prevents excessive pressure in a storage layer 2 from causing formation rupture and subsequent carbon dioxide leakage, thereby improving the safety of carbon dioxide storage.

[0038] Carbon dioxide can be injected deep into the formation through injection channel 13, increasing the uniformity of carbon dioxide injection and improving storage efficiency and storage capacity.

[0039] By setting up water production wells around injection well 1, formation water in storage layer 2 can be extracted while injecting carbon dioxide. This reduces the pressure in storage layer 2 caused by carbon dioxide injection, releases the pressure buildup within storage layer 2, and makes full use of the pore space, thereby increasing the storage coefficient of storage layer 2. By maintaining deep formation pressure balance through coordinated injection and extraction, excessive formation pressure is prevented, and the carbon dioxide storage capacity of storage layer 2 is improved. At the same time, by extracting formation water, a pressure gradient can be formed, improving the efficiency of carbon dioxide injection.

[0040] Optionally, the storage layer 2 is a saline layer, the rock type of the saline layer is sandstone, and the formation water is saline water.

[0041] Optionally, after the saline water is extracted and treated in an environmentally friendly manner, it can be used as industrial water or agricultural irrigation water.

[0042] Optionally, the preset depth is 1000m.

[0043] Using a saline layer with a depth greater than 1000m, stable sedimentation, no interconnected shallow faults, and low seismic intensity as the storage layer 2 can ensure that the injected high-pressure carbon dioxide (dense phase or supercritical phase) remains under high pressure, prevent the injected high-pressure carbon dioxide from turning into gas, make full use of the storage space, and increase the amount of carbon dioxide stored.

[0044] Optionally, the target area may have multiple injection wells 1 and multiple water intake wells, forming a well network. The well network layout may include, but is not limited to, the five-point method, the seven-point method, the nine-point method, or the row and column method.

[0045] Optionally, the technical casing of injection well 1 and water production well is lowered to below the cap layer, and the production casing is lowered to the completed drilling depth, both using anti-corrosion cement cementing.

[0046] Optionally, the injection channel 13 is formed using a perforation process.

[0047] Optionally, the first packer 11 is a hydraulically set packer.

[0048] Optionally, the preset pressure is greater than the original formation pressure and is a certain multiple of the original formation pressure. The specific pressure can be determined based on formation characteristics such as permeability, porosity, depth, and caprock mechanical properties of the storage layer. This embodiment does not impose any limitations. Prior to large-scale carbon dioxide storage, small-scale experiments can be conducted within the target area to obtain formation characteristics such as permeability and porosity.

[0049] As an example, such as Figure 2 As shown, there are three sealing storage layers 2, and there is a partition layer 3 between two adjacent sealing storage layers 2. The first packer 11 corresponds to the partition layer 3 in the depth direction of the injection well. There are also three first packers 11. The three first packers 11 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom at intervals, dividing the injection well 1 into three independent injection layer segments 12. The three injection layer segments 12 correspond one-to-one with the three sealing storage layers 2, thereby enabling separate control of the injection pressure and injection flow rate of each sealing storage layer 2.

[0050] In some embodiments, before extracting formation water from the sealed storage layer 2 using a water well, multiple sets of water intake channels are opened on the sidewall of the water well. The multiple sets of water intake channels are arranged sequentially from top to bottom at intervals and correspond to the depth positions of multiple sealed storage layers 2 respectively. A second packer is set between two adjacent sets of water intake channels to form multiple independent water intake sections.

[0051] Through the above steps, multiple second packers divide the water well into multiple water production sections, and the pumping pressure and flow rate of a certain sealing and storage layer 2 can be controlled independently. The water production section, sealing and storage layer 2 and injection section 12 correspond one-to-one. In other words, each sealing and storage layer 2 corresponds to a water production section and an injection section 12. Therefore, pumping and carbon dioxide injection operations can be carried out on a single sealing and storage layer 2, thereby improving the safety and efficiency of carbon dioxide sequestration.

[0052] In other embodiments, multiple injection operations of the sealing storage layer 2 can be performed simultaneously, as long as the individual operation of each sealing storage layer 2 is guaranteed.

[0053] Optionally, the second packer is a hydraulically set packer.

[0054] Optionally, the arrangement of the second packer in the water intake well is similar to the arrangement of the first packer 11 in the injection well 1, and will not be described again here.

[0055] In some embodiments, the number of injection channels 13 in each group is multiple; and / or the number of water intake channels in each group is multiple.

[0056] Multiple injection channels 13 provide multiple pathways for carbon dioxide to enter the storage layer 2, improving the uniformity of carbon dioxide injection and the storage capacity of the storage layer 2. Similarly, multiple water intake channels can improve the uniformity and efficiency of water pumping, providing more pore space for carbon dioxide storage.

[0057] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, multiple injection channels 13 within the same group are arranged in a spiral shape along the depth direction of the injection layer 12; and / or multiple water intake channels within the same group are arranged in a spiral shape along the depth direction of the water intake layer.

[0058] Multiple injection channels 13 are arranged in a spiral pattern, ensuring uniform distribution of the injection channels 13 in both the circumferential and depth directions of the injection layer 12. This further improves the uniformity of carbon dioxide injection. Even if one injection channel 13 becomes blocked, the remaining channels 13 can still inject normally, thus ensuring the continuous operation of carbon dioxide injection. Similarly, multiple water intake channels are arranged in a spiral pattern in the water intake layer, which improves the uniformity of water intake. Even if one water intake channel becomes blocked, the remaining channels can still be used normally, ensuring the normal operation of water intake.

[0059] In other embodiments, the multiple injection channels 13 within the same group can also be arranged in other ways. For example, the multiple injection channels 13 can be divided into multiple groups, which are arranged parallel to each other along the depth direction of the injection well 1. Each group includes multiple injection channels 13 evenly distributed along the circumference of the injection well 1. Similarly, the multiple water intake channels within the same group can also be arranged in this way.

[0060] In some embodiments, the depth of the injection channel 13 is 0.1m to 5m, for example 0.5m.

[0061] Optionally, the density of injection channels 13 along the depth direction of injection well 1 is 1 to 50 holes per meter.

[0062] Optionally, the phase angle of the injection channel 13 is 0 to 180 degrees.

[0063] In some embodiments, the injection parameters include the injection pressure, the water intake parameters include the water intake pressure, the injection pressure is greater than the water intake pressure, and the pressure difference between the injection pressure and the water intake pressure is within a preset pressure difference range.

[0064] A stable pressure gradient is formed between injection well 1 and water production well. During the carbon dioxide injection process, under the action of pressure difference, it automatically flows from the high-pressure area (around injection well 1) to the low-pressure area (around water production well). This can control the direction of carbon dioxide migration, avoid existing faults, and improve the safety of storage.

[0065] The pressure difference between the water intake well and the injection well 1 of each sealed storage layer 2 should be determined based on the formation characteristics of the sealed storage layer 2 between wells and by using a site assessment model analysis. This embodiment does not impose any restrictions.

[0066] In some embodiments, the injection parameters further include injection flow rate, and a pressure control device is configured for each injection segment 12 to independently control the injection pressure of the corresponding injection segment 12.

[0067] Through the above settings, the injection pressure and flow rate can be dynamically adjusted according to the injection pressure, water production pressure and formation characteristics, so as to achieve fine control of the injection pressure and flow rate of a single storage layer 2. This allows carbon dioxide to enter storage layers 2 at different depths with different injection pressures and flow rates, avoiding local overpressure caused by uniform pressure and improving the safety of carbon dioxide storage.

[0068] Optionally, such as Figure 2 As shown, there is one carbon dioxide injection pipe 4, which is connected to each injection layer segment 12. Carbon dioxide is injected into multiple sealing storage layers 2 using the carbon dioxide injection pipe 4. For example, carbon dioxide is injected into multiple sealing storage layers 2 from top to bottom, which can realize independent control of the injection pressure and injection flow rate of multiple sealing storage layers 2.

[0069] In other embodiments, the number of carbon dioxide injection tubes 4 can also be multiple, with one carbon dioxide injection tube 4 corresponding to each sealing storage layer 2. This allows for independent control of the injection pressure and injection flow rate of the sealing storage layer 2, and enables simultaneous injection of carbon dioxide into multiple sealing storage layers 2.

[0070] Optionally, the pressure control device includes components such as pressure sensors, flow sensors, and control valves, and is linked with the surface control system through downhole sensors to achieve real-time adjustment of the injection pressure; the connection between the various components of the pressure control device and the control modes are technologies well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be described in detail here.

[0071] Optionally, the water production parameters include water production pressure and water production flow rate. A pressure control device is configured for the water production well section, which can dynamically adjust the water production pressure and water production flow rate according to the injection pressure, water production pressure and formation characteristics, so as to achieve independent and precise control of the water production pressure and water production flow rate of the water production well section, and keep the pressure difference between the water production pressure and the injection pressure within the preset pressure difference range, thereby improving the carbon dioxide sequestration efficiency.

[0072] In some embodiments, fracturing fluid is injected into the injection channel 13 of the injection segment 12 before carbon dioxide is injected into the sealed storage layer 2 to form fractures within the sealed storage layer 2.

[0073] By injecting fracturing fluid into the storage layer 2 to perform fracturing operations, multiple artificial fractures can be formed within the storage layer 2. The depth of the artificial fractures ranges from 3m to 300m. After injecting carbon dioxide into the storage layer 2, the carbon dioxide seeps into the artificial fractures along the injection channel 13, which can significantly improve the carbon dioxide injection capacity, make full use of the void space in the formation, and maximize the carbon dioxide storage capacity and formation space utilization.

[0074] In some embodiments, acid is injected into injection channel 13.

[0075] When injection blockage occurs in the formation near injection well 1, acid injection can acidify the formation near injection well 1, clear the blockage in the formation near the wellbore, and improve the efficiency of carbon dioxide injection.

[0076] In some embodiments, after the water well has extracted all the formation water in the sealed storage layer 2, the water well is converted into an injection well 1.

[0077] After all the formation water around the water well is extracted, the storage layer 2 in the vicinity of the water well has a large pore space, which provides a large storage space for carbon dioxide. Converting the water well into an injection well 1 can maximize the use of these pore spaces and increase the amount of carbon dioxide stored.

[0078] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0079] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0080] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0081] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0082] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0083] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A safe, efficient, and rapid carbon dioxide injection and storage method, characterized in that, include: Drill at least one injection well in a target area having multiple sealing reservoirs exceeding a preset depth, the injection well passing through the sealing reservoirs; Multiple sets of injection channels are opened on the sidewall of the injection well. The multiple sets of injection channels are arranged sequentially from top to bottom at intervals and correspond to the depth positions of multiple sealing storage layers. A first packer is set between two adjacent sets of injection channels to form multiple independent injection layer segments. At least one water intake well is arranged around the injection well, and the water intake well is in fluid communication with the sealed storage layer; Formation water is extracted from the sealed storage layer using the water extraction well, and carbon dioxide is injected into the sealed storage layer using the injection channel of the injection section; The injection parameters and water extraction parameters are acquired in real time, and at least one of the injection parameters and water extraction parameters is dynamically adjusted based on the injection parameters and water extraction parameters to make the formation pressure lower than the preset pressure.

2. The safe, efficient, and rapid carbon dioxide injection and storage method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before extracting formation water from the sealed storage layer using the water well, multiple sets of water intake channels are opened on the side wall of the water well. The multiple sets of water intake channels are arranged sequentially from top to bottom at intervals and correspond to the depth positions of multiple sealed storage layers respectively. A second packer is set between two adjacent sets of water intake channels to form multiple independent water intake sections.

3. The safe, efficient, and rapid carbon dioxide injection and storage method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of injection channels in each group is multiple; and / or the number of water intake channels in each group is multiple.

4. The safe, efficient, and rapid carbon dioxide injection and storage method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The multiple injection channels within the same group are arranged in a spiral shape along the depth direction of the injection layer; and / or the multiple water intake channels within the same group are arranged in a spiral shape along the depth direction of the water intake layer.

5. The safe, efficient, and rapid carbon dioxide injection and storage method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The depth of the injection channel is 0.1m to 5m.

6. The safe, efficient, and rapid carbon dioxide injection and storage method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The injection parameters include injection pressure, the water collection parameters include water collection pressure, the injection pressure is greater than the water collection pressure, and the pressure difference between the injection pressure and the water collection pressure is within a preset pressure difference range.

7. The safe, efficient, and rapid carbon dioxide injection and storage method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The injection parameters also include the injection flow rate, and a pressure control device is configured for each injection segment to independently control the injection pressure of the corresponding injection segment.

8. The safe, efficient, and rapid carbon dioxide injection and storage method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Before injecting carbon dioxide into the sealed storage layer using the injection channel of the injection section, fracturing fluid is injected into the injection channel to form fractures within the sealed storage layer.

9. The safe, efficient, and rapid carbon dioxide injection and storage method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Acid solution is injected into the injection channel.

10. The safe, efficient, and rapid carbon dioxide injection and storage method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Once the water extraction well has extracted all the formation water from the sealed storage layer, the water extraction well will be converted into an injection well.

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