Multi-parameter water quality detector

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-parameter water quality detector applied to the field of chemical or physical analysis, which comprises a movable base, a plurality of different types of sensors arranged in the movable base, a stand column fixedly connected to the lower end of the fixed base, and a plurality of sample inlet tubes fixedly connected to the inside of the stand column and uniformly distributed in a circle. The two use modes of one-to-many and one-to-one are adopted to realize the multi-parameter synchronous detection of water bodies at different depths and the single-parameter detection of different items of water bodies at different depths at one time. The two modes are complementary to each other. On the one hand, the comprehensive parameter data of water bodies at different depths can be obtained to judge the water body anomaly. On the other hand, the comprehensive parameter data is taken as a reference to greatly reduce the action times of the sensors and air pumps, reduce the energy consumption, realize high-frequency monitoring, timely find the sudden changes of storm runoff and toxic wastewater, and reduce the abnormal omission between two detections.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of chemical or physical analysis, and in particular to a multi-parameter water quality analyzer. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of industrialization, agricultural activities, and urbanization, water pollution has become increasingly serious. Real-time and accurate monitoring of the water environment has become an important task for environmental protection and water resource management. Water quality testing typically involves multiple parameters, such as pH value, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, water temperature, and heavy metal ion concentration. These parameters can comprehensively reflect the degree of pollution and ecological status of water bodies.

[0003] Traditional water quality testing methods include two types: one is manual sampling followed by laboratory analysis. While this method can obtain relatively accurate results, it suffers from problems such as long sampling cycles, poor real-time performance, and inability to achieve continuous in-situ monitoring, making it difficult to meet the need for rapid response to dynamic changes in water bodies. The other type is in-situ water body testing using monitoring instruments. For example, Chinese patent CN113552076B discloses a method and system for monitoring and early warning of deep groundwater environment in shale gas development areas. By monitoring multiple layers of aquifers and using the Internet of Things for data transmission, it integrates monitoring and alarm functions to achieve online monitoring and early warning of deep groundwater environment in shale gas development areas.

[0004] In reality, water quality parameters at different depths can vary significantly. Traditional detectors can usually only collect water samples from a single depth, or require multiple sensor deployments to achieve vertical stratification detection, which is complex and inefficient. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The core of this invention lies in the fact that it achieves simultaneous multi-parameter detection of water bodies at different depths and single-parameter detection of different items in water bodies at different depths through two usage modes: one-to-many and one-to-one. The two modes complement each other, solving the problems of high daily monitoring costs, high energy consumption, and easy omission of sudden anomalies in the existing technology.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0007] A multi-parameter water quality analyzer includes a moving base and multiple sensors of different types disposed inside the moving base. A fixed base is fixedly connected to the lower end of the moving base, and a column is fixedly connected to the lower end of the fixed base. Multiple sample inlet tubes evenly distributed in a circle are fixedly connected inside the column, and the lower ends of the sample inlet tubes all penetrate the column and communicate with the outside. The lower ends of the multiple sample inlet tubes are at different heights. Multiple water guide tubes evenly distributed in a circle are opened on the fixed base, and the upper ends of the multiple sample inlet tubes extend to the upper plane of the column and are respectively connected to the multiple water guide tubes. The interior of the moving base is provided with an upper common cavity, multiple sorting cavities evenly distributed in a circle, and multiple lower branch pipes in sequence from top to bottom. The multiple lower branch pipes are located directly below the multiple sorting cavities and are connected to each other. The sorting cavities are connected to the upper common cavity. Multiple sensors are located inside the multiple sorting cavities. A main conduit is also provided on the lower inner wall of the upper common cavity. The main conduit and the multiple sorting cavities are distributed in the same circle. An air pump is fixedly connected to the upper end of the moving base, and an electric motor is fixedly connected inside the fixed base. The output end of the electric motor moves through the fixed base and is fixedly connected to the center of the lower end of the moving base. In one state, multiple water pipes are connected to multiple lower branch pipes respectively.

[0008] Furthermore, a mounting base is fixedly connected to the outer end of the fixed base. The mounting base has multiple evenly distributed mounting holes, some of which have a vertical central axis and others have a horizontal central axis.

[0009] Furthermore, one port of the air pump is connected to the upper common cavity through the first pipe, and the other port of the air pump is connected to the outside through the second pipe, and an electrically controlled valve is fixedly connected inside the second pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, the sorting chamber is equipped with a fixed load plate and a floating plate, with the fixed load plate located above the floating plate. The fixed load plate has mesh openings, and the floating plate has a central hole in its central area.

[0011] Furthermore, the sensor is fixedly connected to the lower center area of ​​the fixed-load plate, with its sensing end facing downwards. The inner diameter of the central hole is larger than the lateral outer dimension of the sensor, and the density of the floating plate is less than the density of water.

[0012] Furthermore, the difference between the outer diameter of the floating plate and the inner diameter of the sorting chamber is less than the difference between the outer radius of the mesh and the inner radius of the sorting chamber. The inner diameter of the central hole is less than the inner diameter of the mesh, and the difference between the two diameters is greater than the difference between the outer diameter of the floating plate and the inner diameter of the sorting chamber.

[0013] Furthermore, the moving base includes an upper moving plate and a lower fixed plate distributed vertically. The lower end of the lower fixed plate is attached to the upper end of the fixed base. The output end of the motor is fixedly connected to the lower end of the lower fixed plate. The air pump is fixedly connected to the upper end of the upper moving plate. The outer ends of both the upper moving plate and the lower fixed plate are fixedly connected with ring plates, and the upper moving plate and the lower fixed plate are connected and fixed by ring plates and fastening components.

[0014] Furthermore, the upper common cavity is located inside the upper moving plate, and the lower branch pipe is located inside the lower fixed plate. Multiple upper and lower half-grooves are respectively opened at the ends of the upper moving plate and the lower fixed plate that are close to each other. The upper and lower half-grooves form a sorting cavity. The fixed load plate is fixedly connected to the inside of the upper half-grooves, and the floating plate is located inside the lower half-grooves.

[0015] A multi-parameter water quality analyzer, the method of using which includes the following steps: Step 1: Assume that: multiple sensors are A1, A2, A3, A4...An; multiple water guide tubes are B1, B2, B3, B4...Bn; multiple sample inlet tubes are C1, C2, C3, C4...Cn; and the water depths corresponding to the multiple sample inlet tubes are H1, H2, H3, H4...Hn. Step 2, One-to-Many Detection: Step 2.1: When multiple lower branch pipes are connected to multiple water guide pipes in the initial state, the motor drives the moving base to rotate by an angle θ, so that the lower branch pipes and water guide pipes are misaligned and the main guide pipe is connected to one of the water guide pipes. Let the water guide pipe connected to the main guide pipe be Bm, then the corresponding sample inlet pipe is Cm, and the corresponding water depth is Hm. Step 2.2: Start the air pump to extract gas from the upper common cavity. Through the negative pressure, the water at depth Hm enters Bm through Cm, then enters the upper common cavity through the main conduit, and is then dispersed into multiple sorting chambers for detection by the corresponding sensors. This enables multi-parameter detection of the water at depth Hm. Step 3, One-on-one testing: The electric motor drives the base to rotate in the opposite direction by an angle θ, so that multiple lower branch pipes are connected to multiple water guide pipes respectively; The air pump is started to extract gas from the upper common chamber. Through the negative pressure, water at different depths enters the corresponding sample inlet tube, and then enters the corresponding sorting chamber through the corresponding water guide tube and the lower branch tube, so that water at different depths can be tested for different items.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are: This solution utilizes both one-to-many and one-to-one usage modes to achieve simultaneous multi-parameter detection of water bodies at different depths, as well as single-parameter detection of different items at different depths in a single operation. By complementing each other, it can obtain comprehensive parameter data for water bodies at various depths to identify water anomalies. On the other hand, by using the aforementioned comprehensive parameter data as a reference, it can significantly reduce the number of sensor and air pump operations, reduce energy consumption, achieve high-frequency monitoring, and promptly detect sudden changes such as storm runoff and toxic wastewater, reducing the omission of anomalies between two detections. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 The three-dimensional representation of the first embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 2 The three-dimensional representation of the first embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 3This is a partial perspective view of the first embodiment of the present invention during one-to-one detection; Figure 4 This is a partial perspective view of the first embodiment of the present invention during one-to-many detection; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the top surface structure during one-to-one detection in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the top surface structure of the first embodiment of the present invention when performing one-to-many detection; Figure 7 This is a partial side view of the structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a partial side structure at the fixed load plate and floating plate of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a partial side structure at the fixed load plate and floating plate of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 11 This is a partial side view of the third embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a partial perspective view of the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 1. Column, 2. Sample inlet tube, 3. Fixed base, 301. Water guide tube, 4. Moving base, 401. Upper common cavity, 402. Separate inspection cavity, 403. Lower branch tube, 404. Main guide tube, 405. Branch guide tube, 41. Upper moving plate, 4101. Upper half-slot, 42. Lower fixed plate, 4201. Lower half-slot, 43. Ring plate, 5. Air pump, 6. Mounting base, 7. Motor, 8. Fixed load plate, 801. Mesh, 9. Floating plate, 901. Intermediate hole. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0020] First implementation method: Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2A multi-parameter water quality analyzer includes a moving base 4 and multiple sensors of different types disposed inside the moving base 4. The multiple sensors can be: pH sensor, dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor, turbidity sensor, ammonia nitrogen sensor, water temperature sensor, heavy metal ion sensor, conductivity sensor or other types of sensors, in order to obtain different parameters of the water body. A fixed base 3 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the moving base 4, and a column 1 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the fixed base 3. Multiple sample inlet tubes 2 are fixedly connected inside the column 1 in a circumferentially evenly distributed manner, and the lower ends of the sample inlet tubes 2 all penetrate the column 1 and communicate with the outside. The lower ends of the multiple sample inlet tubes 2 are at different heights.

[0021] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 7 The fixed base 3 has multiple circumferentially evenly distributed water guide tubes 301. The upper ends of multiple sample inlet tubes 2 extend to the upper plane of the column 1 and are connected to the multiple water guide tubes 301 respectively. The interior of the moving base 4 has, from top to bottom, an upper common cavity 401, multiple circumferentially evenly distributed sorting cavities 402, and multiple lower branch tubes 403. The multiple lower branch tubes 403 are located directly below the multiple sorting cavities 402 and are connected to them. The sorting cavities 402 are connected to the upper common cavity 401. Multiple sensors are located inside the multiple sorting cavities 402. The lower inner wall of the upper common cavity 401 also has a main conduit 404. The main conduit 404 and the multiple sorting cavities 402 are circumferentially distributed, that is, the central axis of the main conduit 404 and the multiple sorting cavities 402 are on the same circumference (e.g., Figure 5 (As shown).

[0022] Please see Figure 4 and Figure 5 An air pump 5 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the moving base 4. One port of the air pump 5 is connected to the upper common cavity 401 through a first pipe, and the other port of the air pump 5 is connected to the outside through a second pipe. An electrically controlled valve is fixedly connected inside the second pipe. The electrically controlled valve is used to control the opening and closing of the second pipe. When the air pump 5 is started, the electrically controlled valve opens synchronously, and when the air pump 5 is turned off, the electrically controlled valve closes synchronously. An electric motor 7 is fixedly connected inside the fixed base 3. The output end of the electric motor 7 movably passes through the fixed base 3 and is fixedly connected to the lower center position of the moving base 4. In one of the states: Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, multiple water pipes 301 are connected to multiple lower branch pipes 403 respectively; in another state: as Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, multiple water guide pipes 301 and multiple lower branch pipes 403 are staggered and not connected to each other, but the main conduit 404 is connected to one of the water guide pipes 301. The above two states are achieved by driving the moving base 4 to rotate in place by the motor 7, thereby realizing the connection or staggering between the water guide pipes 301 and the lower branch pipes 403 and the main conduit 404. In addition, the ends of the fixed base 3 and the moving base 4 that are close to each other are made of rubber material with good sealing and sliding properties.

[0023] Please see Figure 3 The outer end of the fixed base 3 is fixedly connected to the mounting base 6. The mounting base 6 has multiple evenly distributed mounting holes. The central axis of some mounting holes is vertical, that is, the mounting holes on the horizontal end face of the mounting base 6. The central axis of some mounting holes is horizontal, that is, the mounting holes on the vertical end face of the mounting base 6. The mounting base 6 facilitates the installation and use of the present invention. For example, when used for lake and river water detection, the present invention can be installed on a floating platform in the water area or on the side of a ship through the mounting base 6, so that the column 1 extends into the water body. When used for groundwater, the present invention can be installed on a ground base through the mounting base 6, and the column 1 extends into the groundwater.

[0024] A multi-parameter water quality analyzer, the method of using which includes the following steps: Step 1: Assume that the multiple sensors are A1, A2, A3, A4...An, the multiple water guide tubes 301 are B1, B2, B3, B4...Bn, the multiple sample inlet tubes 2 are C1, C2, C3, C4...Cn, and the water depths corresponding to the multiple sample inlet tubes 2 are H1, H2, H3, H4...Hn. Step 2, One-to-Many Detection: Step 2.1: When multiple lower branch pipes 403 are connected to multiple water guide pipes 301 in the initial state, the motor 7 drives the base 4 to rotate by an angle θ, so that the lower branch pipes 403 and water guide pipes 301 are misaligned, and the main guide pipe 404 is connected to one of the water guide pipes 301. Let the water guide pipe 301 connected to the main guide pipe 404 be Bm, then the corresponding sample inlet pipe 2 is Cm, and the corresponding water depth is Hm. Step 2.2: Start the air pump 5 to extract the gas from the upper common cavity 401. Through the negative pressure, the water at depth Hm enters Bm through Cm, and then enters the upper common cavity 401 through the main conduit 404. It is then dispersed into multiple sorting chambers 402 for detection by the corresponding sensors, thereby realizing multi-parameter detection of the water at depth Hm. Additional explanation: The main conduit 404 is located in the middle of an adjacent pair of triage chambers 402. Therefore, the angle θ is set according to the number of water pipes 301. Specifically: if the number of water pipes 301 is n, then θ = 360° / 2n. After rotating the angle θ, the original state where the lower branch pipe 403 was connected to the water pipe 301 is changed to the state where the main conduit 404 is connected to one of the water pipes 301. Figure 5 State transition Figure 6 In this state, the lower end of the passive base 4 of the remaining water pipe 301 orifice is closed, and the upper end face of the fixed base 3 of all the lower branch pipes 403 orifices is closed. After completing the multi-parameter detection of the water body at depth Hm, the motor 7 can be started to drive the moving base 4 to continue rotating by a rotation angle of twice θ, so that the next adjacent water guide pipe 301 is connected to the main conduit 404. Then, step 2.2 is performed again, so that the water body at the next depth enters the main conduit 404 through the corresponding sample inlet pipe 2 and water guide pipe 301, thereby realizing the multi-parameter detection of the water body at the next depth. Repeating the above steps, the multi-parameter detection of the water body at each depth can be realized in sequence, thereby obtaining multiple parameter data of the water body at each depth. This data can be used as reference data for subsequent detection results, which can facilitate the timely detection of abnormal changes in the water body.

[0025] Step 3, One-on-one testing: The motor 7 drives the base 4 to rotate in the opposite direction by an angle θ (before this step, the main conduit 404 is connected to a water pipe 301), so that multiple branch pipes 403 are connected to multiple water pipes 301 respectively; Start the air pump 5 to extract the gas in the upper common cavity 401. Through the negative pressure, the water at each depth enters the corresponding sample tube 2 and then enters the corresponding sorting cavity 402 through the corresponding water guide tube 301 and the lower branch tube 403, so that the water at different depths can be tested for different items. In practical applications, water quality testing is typically performed intermittently, i.e., testing the water at regular intervals, such as every 4 hours. If the water body is deep and has multiple depth levels (i.e., a large number of water pipes 301), performing multi-parameter testing on different depths sequentially for each test would be time-consuming and cumbersome. Furthermore, sudden changes in the water quality during the testing intervals are easily missed. Conversely, shorter testing intervals can increase testing costs. Therefore, to address these issues, this invention provides a one-to-one testing method in step three, which improves the timeliness of water quality testing without significantly increasing costs. The specific operation is as follows: First, through step two, multiple parameters of the water body at each depth under normal conditions are obtained sequentially. This data is used as reference data. Second, the detection interval is still divided into time intervals T. Every time interval T, step two is performed again to detect multiple parameters of the water body at each depth and compare them with the reference data to determine the abnormality of the water body. In addition, within the detection interval T, the detection interval can be divided into two more time intervals t. Every time interval t, step three is performed to obtain the data of a single parameter of the water body at each depth, such as: obtaining the water temperature at H1, obtaining the turbidity at H2, obtaining the dissolved oxygen at H3, etc. The above data is compared with the corresponding reference data. When a single parameter of the water body at a certain depth changes significantly, exceeding the normal fluctuation range (the normal fluctuation range is set in advance by those skilled in the art), an alarm is triggered, and the system switches back to one-to-many mode to re-measure all parameters of the water body at that depth to confirm the cause of the change.

[0026] Therefore, this invention provides an efficient and low-power daily monitoring method through a one-to-one mode, which complements the one-to-many mode. On the basis of significantly reducing energy consumption and reducing the number of operations of electrical components (such as sensors and air pumps 5), it achieves high-frequency monitoring and timely detection of sudden changes such as a sudden drop in dissolved oxygen caused by rainstorm runoff or the passage of toxic wastewater for a short period of time, reducing the situation of missing instantaneous anomalies between two detections.

[0027] In addition, after a one-to-one or one-to-many test, a drainage operation is required before the next test. This involves starting the air pump 5 to fill the upward common cavity 401 with gas. By increasing the air pressure, the water is forced to gradually flow back into the water body through the corresponding water guide pipe 301 and sample inlet pipe 2, making it easier to conduct the next test.

[0028] Second implementation method: This embodiment adds the following to the first embodiment: Please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The sorting chamber 402 is also equipped with a fixed load plate 8 and a floating plate 9. The fixed load plate 8 is located on the upper side of the floating plate 9. The fixed load plate 8 has a mesh 801. The floating plate 9 has a central hole 901 in its central area. The sensor (represented by M in the figure) is fixedly connected to the lower central area of ​​the fixed load plate 8 with its sensing end facing downward. The inner diameter of the central hole 901 is larger than the lateral outer dimension of the sensor. The density of the floating plate 9 is less than the density of water. The difference between the outer diameter of the floating plate 9 and the inner diameter of the sorting chamber 402 is less than the difference between the outer radius of the mesh 801 and the inner radius of the sorting chamber 402. The inner diameter of the central hole 901 is smaller than the inner diameter of the mesh 801, and the difference between the two diameters is greater than the difference between the outer diameter of the floating plate 9 and the inner diameter of the sorting chamber 402.

[0029] Since the lower inlets of different sample inlet tubes 2 are located at different depths in the water, during one-to-one testing, due to differences in water pressure, the water in each sample inlet tube 2 may rise to different heights under negative pressure. In severe cases, the water in one sample inlet tube 2 may rise too quickly, causing it to overflow from the sorting chamber 402 and enter other sorting chambers 402 through the upper common chamber 401, thus affecting the accuracy of the test. Based on the above-mentioned unforeseen circumstances, this embodiment adds a support plate 8 and a floating plate 9 to the sorting chamber 402. For usage, please refer to... Figure 9 and Figure 10 After the air pump 5 is started, the water in the sample inlet tube 2 rises under negative pressure and enters the sorting chamber 402 through the water guide tube 301 and the lower branch tube 403. As the liquid level in the sorting chamber 402 rises, the floating plate 9 floats on the upper end of the water and rises with the water level until it is in contact with the lower end of the fixed plate 8. At this time, the mesh 801 is completely blocked by the floating plate 9, and the water cannot be sucked into the sample inlet tube 2. This makes it difficult for too much water to enter the sample inlet tube 2 where the water rises first, and it is less likely for water to overflow the sorting chamber 402 and enter the upper common chamber 401. In other sorting chambers 402, if the water level has not reached the fixed plate 8, it can continue to rise under negative pressure until the floating plate 9 reaches the lower end of the fixed plate 8. At this time, the sensing end of the sensor has entered the water and realizes the detection of the water.

[0030] Additional notes: 1. The outer diameter of the floating plate 9 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the sorting chamber 402, so that the floating plate 9 is not subjected to significant frictional force and can easily float with the water; 2. During the process of the floating plate 9 rising with the liquid surface until it fits against the fixed load plate 8, the sensor is located inside the middle hole 901, and the sensor is not likely to collide with the floating plate 9.

[0031] The third implementation method: This embodiment adds the following content based on the second embodiment: Please refer to Figure 11 and Figure 12The moving base 4 includes an upper moving plate 41 and a lower fixed plate 42 distributed vertically. The lower end of the lower fixed plate 42 is attached to the upper end of the fixed base 3. The output end of the motor 7 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the lower fixed plate 42. The air pump 5 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the upper moving plate 41. The outer ends of both the upper moving plate 41 and the lower fixed plate 42 are fixedly connected to ring plates 43. The upper moving plate 41 and the lower fixed plate 42 are connected and fixed through the ring plates 43 and fastening components. The fastening components include bolts and nuts. The bolts are simultaneously inserted into the mounting holes of a pair of ring plates 43, and then the bolts are tightened with nuts to achieve the connection and fixation of the upper moving plate 41 and the lower fixed plate 42. The upper common cavity 401 is located inside the upper moving plate 41, and the lower branch pipe 403 is located inside the lower fixed plate 42. Multiple upper half-grooves 4101 and lower half-grooves 4201 are respectively opened at the ends of the upper moving plate 41 and the lower fixed plate 42 that are close to each other. The fixed load plate 8 is fixedly connected to the inside of the upper half-grooves 4101, and the floating plate 9 is located inside the lower half-grooves 4201. The upper moving plate 41 and the lower fixed plate 42 that are close to each other are also provided with branch conduits 405. When the upper moving plate 41 and the lower fixed plate 42 are connected and fixed, the upper half-grooves 4101 and the lower half-grooves 4201 form the sorting cavity 402, and a pair of branch conduits 405 form the main conduit 404.

[0032] This embodiment achieves a modular design for the moving base 4 through the above structure. That is, the moving base 4 is divided into two main structures: an upper moving plate 41 and a lower fixed plate 42. The electrical components (including sensors and air pumps 5) are placed in the visible area of ​​the upper moving plate 41, which facilitates the inspection and replacement of the electrical components. For example, when needed, the upper moving plate 41 and the lower fixed plate 42 can be separated by disassembling the fastening assembly. At this time, the upper moving plate 41 can be removed from the lower fixed plate 42, exposing the upper half of the groove 4101 and the sensor inside it. This facilitates the inspection or replacement of sensors with poor performance, thereby effectively improving the practicality of the present invention.

[0033] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention; it encompasses all the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solutions and improved concepts of the present invention, should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-parameter water quality analyzer, comprising a moving base (4) and multiple sensors of different types disposed inside the moving base (4), characterized in that: The lower end of the moving base (4) is fixedly connected to a fixed base (3), and the lower end of the fixed base (3) is fixedly connected to a column (1). The column (1) is fixedly connected to a plurality of circumferentially evenly distributed sample tubes (2), and the lower ends of the sample tubes (2) all penetrate the column (1) and communicate with the outside. The lower ends of the plurality of sample tubes (2) are at different heights. The fixed base (3) is provided with a plurality of circumferentially evenly distributed water guides (301). The upper ends of the plurality of sample tubes (2) extend to the upper plane of the column (1) and communicate with the plurality of water guides (301) respectively. The moving base (4) has an upper common cavity (401), a plurality of sorting cavities (402) evenly distributed in a circle, and a plurality of lower branch pipes (403) arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The plurality of lower branch pipes (403) are located directly below the plurality of sorting cavities (402) and are connected to each other. The sorting cavities (402) are connected to the upper common cavity (401). The plurality of sensors are located inside the plurality of sorting cavities (402). The lower inner wall of the upper common cavity (401) is also provided with a main conduit (404). The main conduit (404) is distributed in the same circle as the plurality of sorting cavities (402). An air pump (5) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the moving base (4), and an electric motor (7) is fixedly connected inside the fixed base (3). The output end of the electric motor (7) moves through the fixed base (3) and is fixedly connected to the center position of the lower end of the moving base (4).

2. The multi-parameter water quality analyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer end of the fixed base (3) is fixedly connected to the mounting base (6), and the mounting base (6) has a plurality of evenly distributed mounting holes. The central axis of some of the mounting holes is vertical, and the central axis of some of the mounting holes is horizontal.

3. The multi-parameter water quality analyzer according to claim 2, characterized in that: One port of the air pump (5) is connected to the upper common cavity (401) through the first pipe, and the other port of the air pump (5) is connected to the outside through the second pipe, and an electrically controlled valve is fixedly connected inside the second pipe.

4. A multi-parameter water quality analyzer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sorting chamber (402) is also provided with a fixed load plate (8) and a floating plate (9), and the fixed load plate (8) is located on the upper side of the floating plate (9). The fixed load plate (8) has a mesh (801) and the floating plate (9) has a central hole (901) in the central area.

5. A multi-parameter water quality analyzer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sensor is fixedly connected to the lower center area of ​​the fixed load plate (8) with its sensing end facing downward. The inner diameter of the middle hole (901) is larger than the lateral outer dimension of the sensor. The density of the floating plate (9) is less than the density of water.

6. A multi-parameter water quality analyzer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The difference between the outer diameter of the floating plate (9) and the inner diameter of the sorting cavity (402) is less than the difference between the outer radius of the mesh (801) and the inner radius of the sorting cavity (402). The inner diameter of the intermediate hole (901) is less than the inner diameter of the mesh (801), and the difference between the two diameters is greater than the difference between the outer diameter of the floating plate (9) and the inner diameter of the sorting cavity (402).

7. A multi-parameter water quality analyzer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The moving base (4) includes an upper moving plate (41) and a lower fixed plate (42) distributed vertically. The lower end of the lower fixed plate (42) is attached to the upper end of the fixed base (3). The output end of the motor (7) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the lower fixed plate (42). The air pump (5) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the upper moving plate (41). The outer ends of the upper moving plate (41) and the lower fixed plate (42) are both fixedly connected with ring plates (43), and the upper moving plate (41) and the lower fixed plate (42) are connected and fixed through the ring plates (43) and fastening components.

8. A multi-parameter water quality analyzer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The upper common cavity (401) is located inside the upper moving plate (41), the lower branch pipe (403) is located inside the lower fixed plate (42), and the upper moving plate (41) and the lower fixed plate (42) are respectively provided with multiple upper half grooves (4101) and lower half grooves (4201) at their respective ends close to each other. The upper half grooves (4101) and the lower half grooves (4201) form a sorting cavity (402). The fixed load plate (8) is fixedly connected to the inside of the upper half groove (4101), and the floating plate (9) is located inside the lower half groove (4201).

9. A multi-parameter water quality analyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that: Its usage includes the following steps: Step 1: Assume that: multiple sensors are A1, A2, A3, A4...An, multiple water guide tubes (301) are B1, B2, B3, B4...Bn, multiple sample inlet tubes (2) are C1, C2, C3, C4...Cn, and the water depths corresponding to the multiple sample inlet tubes (2) are H1, H2, H3, H4...Hn; Step 2, One-to-Many Detection: Step 2.1: When multiple lower branch pipes (403) are connected to multiple water guide pipes (301) in the initial state, the motor (7) drives the moving base (4) to rotate by an angle θ, so that the lower branch pipes (403) and water guide pipes (301) are misaligned, and the main guide pipe (404) is connected to one of the water guide pipes (301). Let the water guide pipe (301) connected to the main guide pipe (404) be Bm, then the corresponding sample inlet pipe (2) is Cm, and the corresponding water depth is Hm. Step 2.2: Start the air pump (5) to extract the gas in the upper common cavity (401). Through the negative pressure, the water at depth Hm enters Bm through Cm, and then enters the upper common cavity (401) through the main conduit (404). It is then dispersed into multiple sorting chambers (402) for detection by the corresponding sensors, thereby realizing multi-parameter detection of the water at depth Hm. Step 3, One-on-one testing: The electric motor (7) drives the moving base (4) to rotate in the opposite direction by an angle θ, so that multiple lower branch pipes (403) are connected to multiple water guide pipes (301) respectively; Start the air pump (5) to extract the gas in the upper common cavity (401). Through the negative pressure, the water at each depth enters the corresponding sample inlet tube (2) and then enters the corresponding sorting cavity (402) through the corresponding water guide tube (301) and lower branch tube (403) so that the water at different depths can be tested for different items.

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