A method and device for calligraphy and painting identification

Abstract

The application discloses a method and device for calligraphy and painting identification, which comprises the following steps: establishing a HT-WDI value database by measuring the HT-WDI value of calligraphy and painting works of different artists; measuring the HT-WDI value of the calligraphy and painting works to be identified; comparing the HT-WDI value of the calligraphy and painting works to be identified with the HT-WDI value of the calligraphy and painting works of the corresponding artist stored in the HT-WDI value database; and outputting an identification result according to the comparison result. The HT-WDI value measurement realizes the identification of calligraphy and painting ink marks, fills the gap of core technology in the industry, and for the first time converts the abstract concept of traditional calligraphy and painting ink method into quantifiable and verifiable constant titanium ink mark fingerprints, thereby complementing the core gap that the existing identification technology only covers the pen method and does not involve the ink method, and improving the technical system of Chinese calligraphy and painting quantification identification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of court painting technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for authenticating calligraphy and paintings. Background Technology

[0002] Chinese traditional calligraphy and painting authentication has developed over thousands of years, forming four main technical approaches, which are also the core application solutions in the current field of calligraphy and painting authentication: 1. Traditional visual appraisal: This method relies on the experience of senior experts to determine the authenticity of a work and the authorship by visually examining its brushwork, ink techniques, composition, and inscriptions. It is the mainstream appraisal method in the industry. 2. "One-Stroke Line" Authentication Method: Created by Mr. Wang Juncheng, this method uses 3D handwriting analysis technology to quantify dynamic parameters of pen strokes such as pressure, speed, and inertia, increasing the accuracy of Ming and Qing dynasty calligraphy and painting authentication to 93%. It is an important milestone in the scientific development of calligraphy and painting authentication. 3. Spectroscopic analysis technology: By using techniques such as infrared and Raman spectroscopy, the material composition of the calligraphy and painting carrier and ink can be analyzed to identify the age of the material and its authenticity; 4. Deep learning image recognition technology: Based on artificial intelligence algorithms, it compares the visual similarity of images of works to make a preliminary judgment on author attribution.

[0003] However, traditional visual authentication methods are highly subjective, relying on the individual experience of experts. These methods are not quantifiable or reproducible, and differing conclusions among experts can easily arise, making them difficult to pass down. The "one-stroke fingerprint" method only covers the "penmanship fingerprint" (the dynamic process of brushstrokes) dimension, neglecting the identification of the "ink fingerprint" (the material morphology of ink). Spectroscopic analysis can only identify the authenticity of materials, failing to recognize the artist's brushwork characteristics and unable to solve core authentication challenges such as forged works and high-quality imitations made of the same material. Furthermore, the equipment is costly and complex to operate, hindering widespread adoption. Deep learning image recognition technology only compares surface visual similarity, lacking the underlying support of traditional brushwork mechanisms. It relies on massive training samples, resulting in low accuracy in identifying high-quality forgeries and a high risk of misjudgment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for authenticating calligraphy and paintings, so as to at least partially solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for authenticating calligraphy and paintings, comprising: Step 1: Establish an HT-WDI value database by measuring the HT-WDI values ​​of calligraphy and painting works by different artists; wherein, the HT-WDI measurement includes: calculating the HT-WDI value according to the following formula: HT-WDI = Ci × Aw × Dp Where Ci is the ink coverage of the measurement area, Aw is the water action area of ​​the measurement area, and Dp is the water penetration depth of the measurement area; Step 2: Perform the HT-WDI measurement on the work to be examined to obtain the HT-WDI value of the work to be examined; Step 3: Compare the HT-WDI value of the work to be authenticated with the HT-WDI values ​​of the corresponding artist's calligraphy and painting works pre-stored in the HT-WDI value database, and output the authentication result based on the comparison result.

[0006] Preferably, performing the HT-WDI measurement in step one includes: Multiple authentic works by each artist were selected as sample works, and HT-WDI measurements were performed on representative brush and ink areas in the sample works. These representative brush and ink areas included inscriptions, rocks, trees, water features, and / or areas with different water states. The water states included scorched water, dry water, concentrated water, light water, and wet water. The moisture content of scorched water ranged from 5% to 10%, dry water from 11% to 20%, concentrated water from 21% to 35%, light water from 36% to 50%, and wet water from 51% to 65%. Obtain HT-WDI values ​​for each artist's inscription, rocks, trees, water features, and / or different water types.

[0007] Preferably, performing the HT-WDI measurement in step two includes: Select at least one area from the inscription, rocks, trees, water features, and different water types in the work to be appraised; Perform the HT-WDI measurement on the selected area.

[0008] Preferably, step three includes: calculating the similarity between the HT-WDI value of the work to be authenticated and the HT-WDI values ​​of the corresponding artist's calligraphy and painting works pre-stored in the HT-WDI value database; If the similarity meets the threshold condition, the work to be authenticated is determined to be genuine; otherwise, the work to be authenticated is determined to be counterfeit.

[0009] Preferably, the HT-WDI measurement in steps one and two includes: if the HT-WDI values ​​of different water states exceed the standard reference range, the measurement is determined to be incorrect, and the measurement is re-executed; The standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the coke is 1.40-1.60, the standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the dry water is 1.20-1.85, the standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the concentrate is 0.80-1.10, the standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the desalinated water is 0.60-0.90, and the standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the wet water is 0.20-0.50.

[0010] Another aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for authenticating calligraphy and paintings, comprising: The measurement unit is used to measure the HT-WDI (Human Titanium Water Dominant Index) value of calligraphy and painting works by different artists and transmit the measurement results to the database unit; to perform the HT-WDI measurement on the work to be examined and obtain the HT-WDI value of the work to be examined; wherein, the HT-WDI measurement includes: calculating the HT-WDI value according to the following formula: HT-WDI = Ci × Aw × Dp Where Ci is the ink coverage of the measurement area, Aw is the water action area of ​​the measurement area, and Dp is the water penetration depth of the measurement area; The database unit is used to establish an HT-WDI value database based on the measurement results of the HT-WDI values ​​performed by the measurement unit on the calligraphy and painting works of different artists; The identification unit is used to compare the HT-WDI value of the work to be identified with the HT-WDI value of the corresponding artist's calligraphy and painting works pre-stored in the HT-WDI value database, and output the identification result based on the comparison result.

[0011] Preferably, the measuring unit is used for: Multiple authentic works by each artist were selected as sample works, and HT-WDI measurements were performed on representative brush and ink areas in the sample works. These representative brush and ink areas included inscriptions, rocks, trees, water features, and / or areas with different water states. The water states included scorched water, dry water, concentrated water, light water, and wet water. The moisture content of scorched water ranged from 5% to 10%, dry water from 11% to 20%, concentrated water from 21% to 35%, light water from 36% to 50%, and wet water from 51% to 65%. Obtain HT-WDI values ​​for each artist's inscription, rocks, trees, water features, and / or different water types.

[0012] Preferably, the measuring unit is used for: Select at least one area from the inscription, rocks, trees, water features, and different water types in the work to be appraised; Perform the HT-WDI measurement on the selected area.

[0013] Preferably, the identification unit is used for: Calculate the similarity between the HT-WDI value of the work to be identified and the HT-WDI values ​​of the corresponding artist's calligraphy and painting works pre-stored in the HT-WDI value database; If the similarity meets the threshold condition, the work to be authenticated is determined to be genuine; otherwise, the work to be authenticated is determined to be counterfeit.

[0014] Preferably, the measuring unit is used for: If the HT-WDI value for different water states exceeds the standard reference range, the measurement is judged to be incorrect, and the measurement should be repeated. The standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the coke is 1.40-1.60, the standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the dry water is 1.20-1.85, the standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the concentrate is 0.80-1.10, the standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the desalinated water is 0.60-0.90, and the standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the wet water is 0.20-0.50.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages: By measuring the HT-WDI value, the identification of ink marks in calligraphy and painting can be achieved, filling the gap in the core technology of the industry. For the first time, the abstract concept of "ink technique" in traditional calligraphy and painting is transformed into a quantifiable and verifiable "Hengtai ink mark fingerprint". This fills the core gap that existing identification technology only covers "brush technique" and does not involve "ink technique", thus improving the technical system of quantitative identification of Chinese calligraphy and painting. The identification results are objective and reproducible: The measurement of HT-WDI value is based on the physical parameters of the material form of ink, and is not affected by the subjective experience or personal preference of the appraiser. The detection and identification results of the same work can be repeated and verified, which solves the industry pain point of traditional visual appraisal being highly subjective and having large discrepancies in conclusions.

[0016] In addition, the solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention, in combination with the alternative solutions, also has the following advantages: 1. It helps to build a complete dual-track authentication system: It naturally complements the "one-stroke" brushwork authentication method. The two cover the two core dimensions of calligraphy and painting creation, namely "ink result" and "brushwork process", forming a closed-loop authentication evidence chain, which can greatly improve the overall credibility of calligraphy and painting authentication.

[0017] 2. It has strong accumulative and growth potential: As more measurement data of genuine works are added to the database, the feature library (i.e., the database) can be continuously enriched and optimized, the recognition accuracy can be continuously improved, it can meet the authentication needs of calligraphers and painters throughout history, and has long-term technical vitality.

[0018] 3. Wide range of applications and strong accessibility: It can be adapted to various scenarios such as pre-screening of auction houses, collection storage of cultural and museum institutions, self-inspection by collectors, judicial appraisal, and training of intangible cultural heritage inheritors; through portable testing equipment and mobile terminal system, it can realize rapid on-site testing, which solves the problems of expensive equipment, complicated operation and difficulty in popularization of traditional spectroscopic technology.

[0019] 4. Extremely high value for teaching and passing on intangible cultural heritage: It can provide quantitative standards for training inheritors of intangible cultural heritage skills such as court painting, help learners accurately understand the core rules of brush and ink of different artists, practice the ancient admonition of "aiming high" and establish a standardized traditional brush and ink teaching system. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for authenticating calligraphy and paintings provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a device for authenticating calligraphy and paintings provided in Embodiment 2 of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be used interchangeably where appropriate to understand the embodiments of the invention described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a product or device comprising a series of units is not necessarily limited to those explicitly listed, but may include other units not explicitly listed or inherent to such product or device.

[0024] In this invention, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "middle," "vertical," "horizontal," "lateral," and "longitudinal" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing the invention and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated devices, elements, or components to having a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0025] Furthermore, in addition to indicating direction or positional relationship, some of the aforementioned terms may also have other meanings. For example, the term "above" may also be used in certain situations to indicate a dependency or connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0026] Furthermore, the terms "installation," "setup," "equipped with," "connection," "linking," and "socketing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two devices, components, or parts. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0027] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Example 1

[0028] Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a method for authenticating calligraphy and paintings. Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating this method is shown, as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the method includes: Step 101: Establish an HT-WDI value database by measuring the HT-WDI values ​​of calligraphy and painting works by different artists; wherein, the HT-WDI measurement includes: calculating the HT-WDI value according to the following formula: HT-WDI = Ci × Aw × Dp Where Ci is the ink coverage of the measurement area, Aw is the water action area within the measurement area, and Dp is the water penetration depth within the measurement area.

[0029] This method involves selecting multiple authentic works by each artist as sample works, and performing HT-WDI measurements on representative brush and ink areas within these sample works. These representative brush and ink areas include inscriptions, rocks, trees, water features, and / or areas with different water states. The water states include scorched water, dry water, concentrated water, light water, and wet water. The moisture content of scorched water ranges from 5% to 10%, dry water from 11% to 20%, concentrated water from 21% to 35%, light water from 36% to 50%, and wet water from 51% to 65%. HT-WDI values ​​for each artist's inscriptions, rocks, trees, water features, and / or different water states are then obtained.

[0030] For example, for each artist, at least three authoritatively authenticated genuine works are selected as samples, covering different creative periods of the artist's early, middle, and late periods. For each sample, at least five representative brush and ink areas, such as inscriptions, rocks, trees, and water features, are selected for HT-WDI measurement. Through this measurement, for each artist, the HT-WDI value of each representative brush and ink area (such as inscriptions, rocks, trees, and water features) can be obtained, or the overall HT-WDI value of the artist can be obtained through weighted calculation (such as averaging).

[0031] For each artist, multiple authentic works can be selected as samples, and areas with different water states can be chosen as representative brush and ink areas. If a single authentic work does not include all water states, multiple works can be used to obtain all water states. Multiple HT-WDI values ​​are measured for each water state area to obtain the HT-WDI value corresponding to each water state for that artist.

[0032] The HT-WDI standard measurement can be performed using scanning electron microscopy, gas chromatography, or equivalent detection equipment.

[0033] When calculating HT-WDI values, the standard deviation can also be calculated. For example, statistical analysis can be performed on the five-state HT-WDI data of all samples from the same artist, and the mean (μ) and standard deviation (σ) of the five-state HT-WDI values ​​(burnt, dry, concentrated, light, and wet) can be calculated respectively to form the artist's "Hengtai Ink Fingerprint" five-dimensional feature vector. The format is as follows: [Artist ID, Dynasty, Burnt Water HT-WDI Mean ± Standard Deviation, Dry Water HT-WDI Mean ± Standard Deviation, Concentrated Water HT-WDI Mean ± Standard Deviation, Light Water HT-WDI Mean ± Standard Deviation, Wet Water HT-WDI Mean ± Standard Deviation, Sample Size].

[0034] After measurement, the HT-WDI values ​​related to each artist are obtained, including: the HT-WDI value for each artist, the HT-WDI value for each representative brushwork area such as the artist's inscription, rocks, trees, and water features, and / or the HT-WDI value corresponding to each water type for each artist. The HT-WDI values ​​related to each artist are stored in a database to establish an HT-WDI value database. This database, for example named "HT-WDI Feature Database of Famous Artists Throughout History," will be continuously revised and enriched as more authentic samples are measured, thereby improving the accuracy of identification.

[0035] In one example, the HT-WDI value can be measured using a Zeiss Sigma 300 scanning electron microscope and an Agilent 7890B gas chromatograph.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the HT-WDI value database can also store standard ranges for HT-WDI values ​​from the five-state water method. If the measured HT-WDI value exceeds the standard range, it is remeasured. Specifically, the standard reference range for HT-WDI values ​​is 1.40-1.60 for coke, 1.20-1.85 for dry water, 0.80-1.10 for concentrate, 0.60-0.90 for desalinated water, and 0.20-0.50 for wet water.

[0037] In one example, the HT-WDI value database can store the moisture content range of the five-state water method and the standard reference range of HT-WDI values, as shown in Table 1.

[0038] Burnt water 5-10 1.20-1.60 1.80-1.85 1.15 dry water 11-20 1.30-1.70 1.85 1.25 Concentrated water 21-35 0.80-1.20 1.30-1.40 0.75 freshwater 36-50 0.40-0.75 0.80-0.90 0.35 wet water 51-65 0.10-0.35 0.40-0.50 0.05 Table 1 The HT-WDI standard application range refers to the normal distribution range of HT-WDI values ​​for each water state type under normal creative conditions. This represents the most frequent fluctuation range of HT-WDI values ​​in the artist's daily work, encompassing the artist's normal creative state under different paper types, ink colors, and mood conditions. The HT-WDI peak range refers to the occasional high-level range of HT-WDI values ​​for each water state type under specific peak creative conditions (such as when emotions are high, technique is at its peak, and ink control is precise). These values ​​exceed the upper limit of the standard application range, representing the artist's extreme control over brush and ink. While these values ​​occur occasionally and at a low frequency, they are still considered a valid component of the artist's true brush and ink characteristics. The HT-WDI value standard reference range in this embodiment can simultaneously apply both the HT-WDI standard application range and the HT-WDI peak range, or use only one of them as the HT-WDI value standard reference range.

[0039] Step 102: Perform HT-WDI measurement on the work to be examined to obtain the HT-WDI value of the work.

[0040] In this step, at least one area from the inscription, rocks, trees, water features, and different water types in the work to be appraised is selected. Perform the HT-WDI measurement on the selected area.

[0041] When performing HT-WDI measurements in this step, the same HT-WDI measurements as in step 101 can be performed, or HT-WDI measurements of less than the area in step 101 can be performed.

[0042] For example, after measuring in step 101, the HT-WDI value corresponding to each artist, the HT-WDI value of each representative brush and ink area such as the inscription, rocks, trees, and water features of each artist, and the HT-WDI value corresponding to each water type of each artist are obtained. In this step, when performing HT-WDI measurement on the work to be authenticated, only the HT-WDI value of one or more water types can be measured. Then, in step 103, the authentication is performed by comparing the measured HT-WDI value of the water type with the corresponding HT-WDI value in the HT-WDI value database. Alternatively, in this step, only the HT-WDI value of one or more representative brush and ink areas among the inscription, rocks, trees, and water features can be measured, and the authentication is performed by comparing the measured value with the corresponding HT-WDI value in the HT-WDI value database.

[0043] Step 103: Compare the HT-WDI value of the work to be authenticated with the HT-WDI values ​​of the corresponding artist's calligraphy and painting works pre-stored in the HT-WDI value database, and output the authentication result based on the comparison result.

[0044] In this step, if the HT-WDI value of the work to be authenticated matches the HT-WDI value of the corresponding artist's calligraphy and painting works pre-stored in the HT-WDI value database, it is authenticated as genuine; otherwise, it is authenticated as a fake.

[0045] The matching criteria can be determined based on the difference between the two values. If the difference is within a preset threshold range, the match is successful; otherwise, the match fails.

[0046] The HT-WDI values ​​of the corresponding artist's calligraphy and painting works pre-stored in the database can be the HT-WDI mean in step 101 above, and the preset threshold can be, for example, the standard deviation in step 101 above.

[0047] In one implementation, the similarity between the HT-WDI value of the work to be authenticated and the HT-WDI values ​​of the corresponding artist's calligraphy and painting works pre-stored in the HT-WDI value database can be calculated; if the similarity meets a threshold condition, the work to be authenticated is determined to be genuine; otherwise, the work to be authenticated is determined to be a fake.

[0048] The similarity calculation methods include: 1) Euclidean distance (d): the smaller the Euclidean distance between two HT-WDI values, the higher the similarity; 2) Cosine similarity (cosθ): the closer the cosine value of two HT-WDI values ​​is to 1, the higher the similarity; 3) Weighted matching degree calculation: when measuring HT-WDI values ​​of multiple regions, the HT-WDI values ​​of different regions are weighted to obtain the overall HT-WDI value, and then the overall matching degree is calculated. For example, the identification weight allocation coefficients of the five-state water method can be: dry water weight 0.3, concentrated water weight 0.25, scorched water weight 0.2, fresh water weight 0.15, and wet water weight 0.1. In this embodiment of the invention, after large-sample actual testing verification, when using Euclidean distance calculation, when d < 0.05, the work to be identified is determined to match the corresponding artist feature database; when using cosine similarity calculation, when cosθ ≥ 0.95, it is determined to be a match, and the matching artist information, similarity score, and credibility rating can be output simultaneously.

[0049] In one implementation, a comprehensive evaluation report can be generated, including: Output basic information: basic information of the work to be evaluated, measurement area, and HT-WDI measured data table of five states of water; Output comparison results: Matched artist information, similarity score, and detailed comparison of HT-WDI values ​​for each water state with the feature library; Output comprehensive conclusion: Based on the comparison results, a preliminary conclusion on the attribution of the artist and the authentication of the work is given; Dual-track collaborative identification: It can simultaneously connect with the "one-stroke" fingerprint identification results, integrate the two-dimensional data of the fingerprint and the Hengtai ink fingerprint, generate a "pen + ink" comprehensive identification report, and give the final identification conclusion and comprehensive credibility score. Example 2

[0050] Based on the same technical concept as in Embodiment 1, this embodiment of the invention provides a device for authenticating calligraphy and paintings. The specific implementation of this device can be referred to the corresponding description in Embodiment 1 above, and will not be repeated in this embodiment. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the device is shown below. (Refer to...) Figure 2 As shown, the device includes: Measurement unit 21 is used to measure the HT-WDI value of calligraphy and painting works by different artists and transmit the measurement results to the database unit; to perform the HT-WDI measurement on the work to be examined and obtain the HT-WDI value of the work to be examined; wherein, the HT-WDI measurement includes: calculating the HT-WDI value according to the following formula: HT-WDI = Ci × Aw × Dp Where Ci is the ink coverage of the measurement area, Aw is the water action area of ​​the measurement area, and Dp is the water penetration depth of the measurement area; Database unit 22 is used to establish an HT-WDI value database based on the measurement results of the HT-WDI values ​​performed by the measurement unit on the calligraphy and painting works of different artists; The identification unit 23 is used to compare the HT-WDI value of the work to be identified with the HT-WDI value of the corresponding artist's calligraphy and painting works pre-stored in the HT-WDI value database, and output the identification result based on the comparison result.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, the measuring unit 21 is used for: Multiple authentic works by each artist were selected as sample works, and HT-WDI measurements were performed on representative brush and ink areas in the sample works. These representative brush and ink areas included inscriptions, rocks, trees, water features, and / or areas with different water states. The water states included scorched water, dry water, concentrated water, light water, and wet water. The moisture content of scorched water ranged from 5% to 10%, dry water from 11% to 20%, concentrated water from 21% to 35%, light water from 36% to 50%, and wet water from 51% to 65%. Obtain HT-WDI values ​​for each artist's inscription, rocks, trees, water features, and / or different water types.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the measuring unit 21 is used for: Select at least one area from the inscription, rocks, trees, water features, and different water types in the work to be appraised; Perform the HT-WDI measurement on the selected area.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the identification unit 23 is used for: Calculate the similarity between the HT-WDI value of the work to be identified and the HT-WDI values ​​of the corresponding artist's calligraphy and painting works pre-stored in the HT-WDI value database; If the similarity meets the threshold condition, the work to be authenticated is determined to be genuine; otherwise, the work to be authenticated is determined to be counterfeit.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the measuring unit 21 is used for: If the HT-WDI value for different water states exceeds the standard reference range, the measurement is judged to be incorrect, and the measurement should be repeated. The standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the coke is 1.40-1.60, the standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the dry water is 1.20-1.85, the standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the concentrate is 0.80-1.10, the standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the desalinated water is 0.60-0.90, and the standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the wet water is 0.20-0.50.

[0055] In this embodiment of the invention, the identification of calligraphy and painting ink marks is achieved by measuring the HT-WDI value, filling the gap in the core technology of the industry. For the first time, the abstract concept of "ink technique" in traditional calligraphy and painting is transformed into a quantifiable and verifiable "Hengtai ink mark fingerprint". This fills the core gap that existing identification technologies only cover "brush technique" and do not involve "ink technique", thus improving the technical system of quantitative identification of Chinese calligraphy and painting. The identification results are objective and reproducible: The measurement of HT-WDI value is based on the physical parameters of the material form of ink, and is not affected by the subjective experience or personal preference of the appraiser. The detection and identification results of the same work can be repeated and verified, which solves the industry pain point of traditional visual appraisal being highly subjective and having large discrepancies in conclusions.

[0056] In addition, the solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention, in combination with the alternative solutions, also has the following advantages: 1. It helps to build a complete dual-track authentication system: It naturally complements the "one-stroke" brushwork authentication method. The two cover the two core dimensions of calligraphy and painting creation, namely "ink result" and "brushwork process", forming a closed-loop authentication evidence chain, which can greatly improve the overall credibility of calligraphy and painting authentication.

[0057] 2. It has strong accumulative and growth potential: As more measurement data of genuine works are added to the database, the feature library (i.e., the database) can be continuously enriched and optimized, the recognition accuracy can be continuously improved, it can meet the authentication needs of calligraphers and painters throughout history, and has long-term technical vitality.

[0058] 3. Wide range of applications and strong accessibility: It can be adapted to various scenarios such as pre-screening of auction houses, collection storage of cultural and museum institutions, self-inspection by collectors, judicial appraisal, and training of intangible cultural heritage inheritors; through portable testing equipment and mobile terminal system, it can realize rapid on-site testing, which solves the problems of expensive equipment, complicated operation and difficulty in popularization of traditional spectroscopic technology.

[0059] 4. Extremely high value for teaching and passing on intangible cultural heritage: It can provide quantitative standards for training inheritors of intangible cultural heritage skills such as court painting, help learners accurately understand the core rules of brush and ink of different artists, practice the ancient admonition of "aiming high" and establish a standardized traditional brush and ink teaching system.

[0060] The identification method provided by the embodiments of the present invention is illustrated below by example.

[0061] Example 1: Authentication of Fan Kuan's works 1. Feature library construction: Using three works by Fan Kuan, including "Travelers Among Mountains and Streams," as samples, the HT-WDI value standardization measurement was completed, and the "constant titanium ink fingerprint" feature vector of Fan Kuan was constructed, namely the HT-WDI value of the five-state water area: F_{Fan Kuan} = [1.50±0.03, 1.65±0.02, 1.10±0.04, 0.65±0.03, 0.25±0.02]; 2. Measurement of the artwork to be appraised: HT-WDI measurement was performed on a landscape artwork to be appraised, generating the measurement vector: [1.51,1.67, 1.10, 0.67, 0.27]; 3. Comparison Calculation: Using Euclidean distance calculation, the distance d between the measured vector and the feature library is approximately 0.028, which is less than the judgment threshold of 0.05, indicating a matching degree of 96%. 4. Conclusion of the authentication: The work to be authenticated is highly matched with the "Hengtai ink fingerprint" feature database of Fan Kuan, and is determined to be an authentic work of Fan Kuan with a credibility of 96%.

[0062] Example 2: Dual-track comprehensive identification in conjunction with the "one-stroke" identification method 1. Basic information of the work to be authenticated: A landscape painting attributed to Fan Kuan, the brushwork was first examined using the "one-stroke line" authentication method; 2. Brushwork identification results: The parameters of the work, such as brush pressure, brush speed, and turning inertia, match 92% with the Fan Kuan brushwork feature database; 3. Hengtai Ink Fingerprint Identification Results: The five-state HT-WDI values ​​of the artwork detected by this method showed a 94% match rate with the wide feature library; 4. Overall identification conclusion: The fingerprints obtained by brushstrokes and ink are highly matched, and the fingerprints are determined to be genuine Fan Kuan's work. The overall credibility is ≥93%, and the final credibility is determined by averaging.

[0063] Example 3: Stability verification of "Hengtai Ink Fingerprint" on family heirloom works Sample selection: Representative works of four generations of Aisin Gioro family inheritors (Zaiying, Puxian, Yu'e, and Aisin Gioro Hengtai) were selected and HT-WDI standardized measurements were performed on them respectively; Actual test results: The works of the four generations of inheritors have different styles, but the five states of HT-WDI characteristics are all stable within the standard range of family inheritance. The HT-WDI value of dry water is stable in the range of 1.60-1.70, and the HT-WDI value of scorched water is stable in the range of 1.45-1.55, with a standard deviation of ≤0.05. Verification conclusion: The "Hengtai ink fingerprint" of works passed down through four generations of the Aisin Gioro family has high stability, which confirms the family's oral tradition of "remaining true to the essence despite changes". It also verifies the ability of this method to identify the characteristics of artists' brush and ink, and can be used for intergenerational tracing and authenticity authentication of family-inherited works.

[0064] It should be noted that the HT-WDI measurement method provided in the embodiments of the present invention is only an example. For example, a portable near-infrared spectrometer and a high-magnification optical microscope combined with image analysis software can be used to achieve rapid non-destructive testing on site, reduce equipment costs, and adapt to non-laboratory application scenarios.

[0065] In step 103, the comparison between the HT-WDI value of the work to be appraised and the HT-WDI value of the corresponding artist's calligraphy and painting works pre-stored in the HT-WDI value database can be achieved using deep learning models (such as Siamese neural networks and convolutional neural networks). By performing feature comparison and intelligent recognition, it can adapt to the scenario of fast retrieval and high-precision matching of massive feature databases.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for authenticating calligraphy and paintings, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Establish an HT-WDI value database by measuring the HT-WDI values ​​of calligraphy and painting works by different artists; wherein, the HT-WDI measurement includes: calculating the HT-WDI value according to the following formula: HT-WDI = Ci × Aw × Dp Where Ci is the ink coverage of the measurement area, Aw is the water action area of ​​the measurement area, and Dp is the water penetration depth of the measurement area; Step 2: Perform the HT-WDI measurement on the work to be examined to obtain the HT-WDI value of the work to be examined; Step 3: Compare the HT-WDI value of the work to be authenticated with the HT-WDI values ​​of the corresponding artist's calligraphy and painting works pre-stored in the HT-WDI value database, and output the authentication result based on the comparison result.

2. The method for authenticating calligraphy and paintings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The HT-WDI measurement performed in step one includes: Multiple authentic works by each artist were selected as sample works, and HT-WDI measurements were performed on representative brush and ink areas in the sample works. These representative brush and ink areas included inscriptions, rocks, trees, water features, and / or areas with different water states. The water states included scorched water, dry water, concentrated water, light water, and wet water. The moisture content of scorched water ranged from 5% to 10%, dry water from 11% to 20%, concentrated water from 21% to 35%, light water from 36% to 50%, and wet water from 51% to 65%. Obtain HT-WDI values ​​for each artist's inscription, rocks, trees, water features, and / or different water types.

3. The method for authenticating calligraphy and paintings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The second step of performing the HT-WDI measurement includes: Select at least one area from the inscription, rocks, trees, water features, and different water types in the work to be appraised; Perform the HT-WDI measurement on the selected area.

4. The method for authenticating calligraphy and paintings according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step three includes: calculating the similarity between the HT-WDI value of the work to be authenticated and the HT-WDI values ​​of the corresponding artist's calligraphy and painting works pre-stored in the HT-WDI value database; If the similarity meets the threshold condition, the work to be authenticated is determined to be genuine; otherwise, the work to be authenticated is determined to be counterfeit.

5. The method for authenticating calligraphy and paintings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The HT-WDI measurement performed in steps one and two includes: if the HT-WDI value of different water states exceeds the standard reference range, the measurement is judged to be incorrect, and the measurement is performed again; The standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the coke is 1.40-1.60, the standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the dry water is 1.20-1.85, the standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the concentrate is 0.80-1.10, the standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the desalinated water is 0.60-0.90, and the standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the wet water is 0.20-0.

50.

6. A device for authenticating calligraphy and paintings, characterized in that, include: The measurement unit is used to measure the HT-WDI value of the constant titanium water dominance coefficient of calligraphy and painting works by different artists and transmit the measurement results to the database unit. The HT-WDI measurement is performed on the work to be examined to obtain its HT-WDI value; wherein, the HT-WDI measurement includes calculating the HT-WDI value according to the following formula: HT-WDI = Ci × Aw × Dp Where Ci is the ink coverage of the measurement area, Aw is the water action area of ​​the measurement area, and Dp is the water penetration depth of the measurement area; The database unit is used to establish an HT-WDI value database based on the measurement results of the HT-WDI values ​​performed by the measurement unit on the calligraphy and painting works of different artists; The identification unit is used to compare the HT-WDI value of the work to be identified with the HT-WDI value of the corresponding artist's calligraphy and painting works pre-stored in the HT-WDI value database, and output the identification result based on the comparison result.

7. The device for authenticating calligraphy and paintings according to claim 6, characterized in that, The measuring unit is used for: Multiple authentic works by each artist were selected as sample works, and HT-WDI measurements were performed on representative brush and ink areas in the sample works. These representative brush and ink areas included inscriptions, rocks, trees, water features, and / or areas with different water states. The water states included scorched water, dry water, concentrated water, light water, and wet water. The moisture content of scorched water ranged from 5% to 10%, dry water from 11% to 20%, concentrated water from 21% to 35%, light water from 36% to 50%, and wet water from 51% to 65%. Obtain HT-WDI values ​​for each artist's inscription, rocks, trees, water features, and / or different water types.

8. The apparatus for authenticating calligraphy and paintings according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The measuring unit is used for: Select at least one area from the inscription, rocks, trees, water features, and different water types in the work to be appraised; Perform the HT-WDI measurement on the selected area.

9. The device for authenticating calligraphy and paintings according to claim 8, characterized in that, The identification unit is used for: Calculate the similarity between the HT-WDI value of the work to be identified and the HT-WDI values ​​of the corresponding artist's calligraphy and painting works pre-stored in the HT-WDI value database; If the similarity meets the threshold condition, the work to be authenticated is determined to be genuine. Otherwise, the work to be authenticated shall be judged as a forgery.

10. The device for authenticating calligraphy and paintings according to claim 6, characterized in that, The measuring unit is used for: If the HT-WDI value for different water states exceeds the standard reference range, the measurement is judged to be incorrect, and the measurement should be repeated. The standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the coke is 1.40-1.60, the standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the dry water is 1.20-1.85, the standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the concentrate is 0.80-1.10, the standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the desalinated water is 0.60-0.90, and the standard reference range for the HT-WDI value of the wet water is 0.20-0.50.

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