A phi type offshore vertical axis wind turbine and a working method thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611049841.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-07-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-28
AI Technical Summary
[0005]然而，上述直接锁死叶片的避台方式，会使叶片在极端风况下持续承受高强度的交变风载荷冲击，极易造成叶片结构疲劳损伤、局部断裂等破坏，不仅会大幅缩短风机的使用寿命、提升运维成本，还会给海上风电场的安全稳定运行带来严重的安全隐患
其有益效果在于：通过齿轮减速传动精准控制塔架倾倒角速度，可避免风机放倒过程中产生过大的冲击载荷与惯性力，保障塔架、叶片及传动结构的安全；平稳缓慢的倾倒过程便于实时监控风机姿态与调整作业节奏，降低放倒作业的安全风险，提升整个避台过程的可靠性与安全性。
Smart Images
Figure CN122649948A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of offshore vertical axis wind turbine technology, and in particular to a Φ-type offshore vertical axis wind turbine and its operating method. Background Technology
[0002] With the development of offshore wind energy development and utilization technologies, offshore floating wind power generation technology has emerged and become an important development direction in the field of clean energy. This technology can deploy wind turbines in deeper waters and more abundant wind resources in the open sea, breaking through the spatial and resource limitations of nearshore waters. The efficiency of wind energy utilization and power generation benefits are significantly improved, and it has extremely high development potential and application value.
[0003] Offshore floating wind turbines mainly include two types: horizontal axis wind turbines and vertical axis wind turbines. They have a variety of structural forms and are suitable for a wide range of scenarios.
[0004] In related technologies, research on vertical axis wind turbines has mostly focused on optimizing aerodynamic characteristics, and a lot of technical breakthroughs have been made around the wind energy capture efficiency and aerodynamic load distribution of the turbine. However, there is relatively little research on the storage mechanism of the turbine and the protection design for extreme weather. In practical applications, when vertical axis wind turbines encounter extreme marine weather such as typhoons, the method of directly locking the blades is generally used to achieve protection.
[0005] However, the aforementioned method of directly locking the blades to avoid typhoons will cause the blades to be subjected to high-intensity alternating wind loads under extreme wind conditions, which can easily lead to fatigue damage and local fractures in the blade structure. This will not only significantly shorten the service life of the wind turbine and increase the operation and maintenance costs, but also pose serious safety hazards to the safe and stable operation of offshore wind farms. Summary of the Invention
[0006] In response to the shortcomings of the existing production technology, the applicant provides a Φ-type offshore vertical axis wind turbine and its operating method, which can retract the blades and tilt the wind turbine when it encounters extreme weather, thereby reducing the damage of extreme weather to the wind turbine blades, wind turbine support structure and wind turbine shaft bearings, and achieving protection for the wind turbine.
[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: This invention provides a Φ-type offshore vertical axis wind turbine, including a support base, a wind turbine tower, a wind turbine shaft, a blade folding mechanism, a wind turbine tilting mechanism, and a tilting locking mechanism; The support base includes a horizontally arranged deck, on which a wind turbine shaft support column is vertically fixed; The wind turbine tower is vertically arranged above the deck. The wind turbine tower is divided into upper and lower sections, with a wind turbine tilting mechanism set in the middle between the two sections. A wind turbine rotating bearing is installed at the top of the upper section of the wind turbine tower. The wind turbine rotating shaft is arranged vertically and rotates with the wind turbine tower through the wind turbine rotating bearing. The blade folding mechanism includes at least two sets of blade units, a cross brace component, a slide rail, and a slider locking assembly. Each blade unit includes an upper section blade and a lower section blade. The top of the upper section blade is hinged to the upper part of the fan shaft via a first support rotating device, and the bottom of the upper section blade is hinged to the top of the lower section blade via a second support rotating device. The cross brace component includes a cross brace. The inner end of the cross brace is hinged to a cross brace slider via a third support rotating device, and the outer end of the cross brace is hinged to the second support rotating device. The bottom end of the lower section blade is hinged to a lower section blade slider via a fourth support rotating device; the slide rail is fixedly installed on the side wall of the fan shaft along the axial direction of the fan shaft, and both the cross brace slider and the lower section blade slider are slidably mounted on the slide rail along the extension direction of the slide rail; the slider locking assembly includes a cross brace slider locking device and a lower section blade slider locking device, the cross brace slider locking device is used to lock the cross brace slider in the blade retracted state, and the lower section blade slider locking device is used to lock the lower section blade slider in the blade retracted state; The wind turbine lowering mechanism includes a flange assembly, a gear transmission assembly, a hinge device, and a drive motor. The flange assembly includes an upper flange and a lower flange. The upper flange is fixedly connected to the bottom of the upper wind turbine tower, and the lower flange is fixedly installed on the top of the lower tower. The upper flange and the lower flange are hinged on one side by the hinge device, and the upper flange and the lower flange are detachably fixedly connected by fasteners. The gear transmission assembly includes an upper gear and a lower gear that mesh with each other. The upper gear is fixedly connected to the side of the upper flange through an upper gear shaft, and the lower gear is driven by the output end of the drive motor through a lower gear shaft. The drive motor is fixedly installed on the lower wind turbine tower. The folding and locking mechanism includes a fan top locking device located at the top of the fan shaft, and a fan shaft fixing slot and a fan shaft buckle located at the top of the fan shaft support column; when the fan rotates around the hinge device to the horizontal folding state, the fan top locking device engages with the fan shaft fixing slot and is locked in place by the fan shaft buckle. Its beneficial effects are as follows: the blade folding mechanism can fold and fit the segmented blades against the side of the wind turbine shaft, significantly reducing the radial wind-receiving area of the wind turbine and fundamentally preventing fatigue damage and breakage of the blades due to continuous alternating wind loads under extreme wind conditions; the wind turbine tilting mechanism can tilt the wind turbine tower and upper structure to a horizontal position as a whole, further reducing the overall windward height and wind load of the wind turbine and avoiding the risk of overturning of tall structures under strong winds; combined with the tilting and locking mechanism, reliable fixation is achieved after tilting, forming a protection system of "blade folding and load reduction" and "tower tilting to avoid peak loads", which improves the survivability of wind turbines under extreme weather conditions such as typhoons, extends the service life of wind turbines, reduces operation and maintenance costs, and ensures the long-term safe and stable operation of offshore wind farms.
[0008] As a further improvement, the blade unit is provided with two or more sets; when the fan is in normal working condition, the cross brace is in a horizontal position, the bottom end face of the upper section blade of the fan is in contact with the top end face of the lower section blade of the fan, and each set of blade units is symmetrically arranged around the fan shaft to form a Φ-shaped blade structure. Its beneficial effects are as follows: the use of multiple sets of symmetrically arranged Φ-shaped blades ensures the integrity and continuity of the blade's aerodynamic shape under normal power generation conditions, and the wind energy capture efficiency is stable, meeting the aerodynamic design requirements of vertical axis wind turbines; the symmetrical structure can balance the centrifugal load and aerodynamic load when the wind turbine rotates, effectively reducing the stress on the wind turbine shaft and bearings, and improving the stability of wind turbine operation; the segmented blades have a compact structure after folding, high storage efficiency, and small space occupation.
[0009] As a further improvement, the slide rail extends along the entire axial length of the fan shaft; the cross brace slider locking device and the fan lower blade slider locking device are both fixed to the lower side wall of the slide rail, and respectively correspond to the stopping positions of the cross brace slider and the fan lower blade slider when the blades are retracted. Its beneficial effects are as follows: the full-length slide rail provides sufficient sliding stroke for the slider, ensuring the movement space for the blade to fully open and fully close, and adapting to blade designs of different lengths; the locking device is precisely set at the stopping position after the slider closes, and the position can be locked immediately after the blade closes, preventing the slider from moving under external force in the closed state, and ensuring the stability of the blade's closed shape and the reliability of the structure.
[0010] As a further improvement, the hinge shaft of the hinge device is arranged in a horizontal direction, and the axis of the hinge shaft intersects perpendicularly with the axis of the fan shaft; the upper gear shaft is arranged coaxially with the hinge shaft of the hinge device. Its beneficial effects are as follows: the arrangement of the hinge shaft and the fan shaft axis perpendicularly intersecting each other allows the overall center of gravity of the fan to shift smoothly along a single vertical plane during the downlift process, avoiding the generation of eccentric loads and torsional moments, and ensuring the structural stress balance during the downlift process; the coaxial design of the gear shaft and the hinge shaft allows the torque of the gear transmission to act directly on the downlift rotation center, resulting in a short transmission path and high transmission efficiency, while reducing additional transmission components, simplifying the overall structure of the fan downlift mechanism, and reducing the risk of failure.
[0011] As a further improvement, the drive motor is a geared drive motor, and the lower gear is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor; the fastener is a connecting bolt, and the upper flange and the lower flange are detachably fixed by multiple sets of connecting bolts; Its beneficial effects are as follows: the geared drive motor can output large torque, which can stably drive the tower and the upper heavy-duty structure to complete the lowering and lifting actions; multiple sets of connecting bolts are used to realize the detachable fixing of the flange, which has high connection rigidity and strong axial and radial load-bearing capacity under normal power generation conditions, and can ensure the structural stability of the wind turbine when it is running upright; under extreme conditions, the bolts are easy to disassemble, taking into account both operational reliability and high efficiency of typhoon avoidance operation.
[0012] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a working method for a Φ-type offshore vertical axis wind turbine, which is based on the above-mentioned Φ-type offshore vertical axis wind turbine. The working method includes normal power generation conditions and extreme weather typhoon avoidance conditions. The extreme weather typhoon avoidance operation includes, in sequence, the blade retraction step, the wind turbine laying down step, and the laying down and fixing step: Blade retraction steps: Drive the cross brace slider to slide along the slide rail towards the lower part of the fan shaft. As the cross brace slider moves, the cross brace rotates upward around the third support rotating device, causing the second support rotating device to move closer to the fan shaft. Under the action of the second support rotating device, the upper section blades of the fan deflect downward around the first support rotating device, and the lower section blades of the fan deflect upward around the fourth support rotating device, until both the upper and lower section blades of the fan are retracted to a state parallel to the fan shaft. Trigger the cross brace slider locking device to lock the cross brace slider, and trigger the lower section blade slider locking device to lock the lower section blade slider. Wind turbine lowering procedure: Loosen the fasteners connecting the upper and lower flanges, start the drive motor, and drive the upper flange and the entire wind turbine to slowly tilt to one side of the deck through the meshing transmission of the lower and upper gears and the hinge axis of the hinge device; Lowering and fixing procedure: When the wind turbine is tilted to a horizontal position, engage the wind turbine top locking device at the top of the wind turbine shaft with the wind turbine shaft fixing slot at the top of the wind turbine shaft support column, and fasten the wind turbine shaft buckle to complete the locking, thereby realizing the lowering and fixing of the upper structure of the wind turbine; Its advantages are as follows: the step-by-step operation process of first retracting the blades, then lowering the tower, and finally locking it in place has a clear and orderly operation logic, which can effectively avoid interference between the blades and surrounding structures such as the deck and support columns during the wind turbine lowering process; the synchronous folding of the blades is achieved through the mechanical linkage of the slider and the connecting rod, and the controllable lowering of the tower is achieved through gear meshing transmission. The entire typhoon avoidance process can be automated, with high operating efficiency and strong attitude controllability, and can quickly complete the wind turbine protection state conversion before extreme weather arrives.
[0013] As a further improvement, the normal power generation condition is as follows: both the cross brace slider and the lower section blade slider of the wind turbine are locked in the working position of the slide rail, the cross brace is kept in a horizontal position, the upper section blade of the wind turbine and the lower section blade of the wind turbine are spliced together to form a complete blade and open outward; the external airflow acts on the blade to generate a rotational torque, which drives the wind turbine shaft to rotate around its own axis, and the torque is output to the power generation unit through the wind turbine rotating bearing to realize wind power generation; Its beneficial effects are as follows: under normal power generation conditions, the slider position is fixed by the slider locking device to ensure the stability of the blade opening shape and the complete and continuous aerodynamic shape of the blade, thus ensuring the stability of wind energy capture efficiency and power generation output; the cross brace, as a radial support component, transmits the aerodynamic load on the blade, and the structural force path is clear and reasonable, which can effectively improve the structural stiffness and wind deformation resistance of the blade.
[0014] As a further improvement, a reset step is also included after the extreme weather ends: the locking constraint of the wind turbine shaft retaining ring is released, the drive motor is started to rotate in the opposite direction, and the wind turbine tower is driven to rotate upward around the hinge device to a vertical position through the gear transmission assembly, and the upper flange and lower flange are re-fixed and connected by fasteners; then the locking devices of the cross brace slider and the lower section blade slider are released, and the cross brace slider and the lower section blade slider are driven to slide upward along the slide rail to reset, driving the cross brace to rotate to a horizontal position, and the upper section blade and the lower section blade of the wind turbine open synchronously to the working state; Its beneficial effects are as follows: setting up a complete reverse reset process enables wind turbines to quickly return to normal power generation after extreme weather, effectively shortening downtime and improving the overall power generation efficiency of wind farms; the reset process and typhoon avoidance process have consistent action logic, which facilitates automated control and reduces the operation difficulty and operational risks for maintenance personnel.
[0015] As a further improvement, in the blade retraction step, the cross brace slider and the lower section blade slider of the fan slide down synchronously along the slide rail, and the upper section blade and the lower section blade of the fan retract synchronously toward the side wall of the fan shaft; after the retraction is completed, the upper section blade and the lower section blade of the fan are arranged collinearly along the vertical and fit against the side wall of the fan shaft. Its beneficial effects are as follows: the synchronous sliding and synchronous retraction action design can ensure that the force is balanced during the folding of multiple sets of blades, and avoid structural damage caused by blade jamming or uneven force on one side; after retraction, the blades are collinear along the vertical and fit against the side wall of the rotating shaft, which can compress the radial dimension of the fan to the greatest extent, reduce the windward area to the minimum, and minimize the impact of extreme wind loads on the fan structure.
[0016] As a further improvement, in the fan-lowering step, the drive motor reduces speed through a gear transmission assembly, controlling the fan's tilting angular velocity to remain within a preset threshold, so that the fan can be tilted smoothly and slowly to a horizontal state. Its beneficial effects are as follows: by precisely controlling the tilting angular velocity of the tower through gear reduction transmission, excessive impact loads and inertial forces can be avoided during the wind turbine's tilting process, ensuring the safety of the tower, blades, and transmission structure; the smooth and slow tilting process facilitates real-time monitoring of the wind turbine's attitude and adjustment of the operation rhythm, reducing the safety risks of the tilting operation and improving the reliability and safety of the entire typhoon avoidance process. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This refers to the vertical axis fan in the blade-open state of the present invention.
[0018] Figure 2 This refers to the vertical axis fan in the blade recovery state of this invention.
[0019] Figure 3 This is a detailed structural diagram of the tilting device in this invention.
[0020] Figure 4 This refers to the vertical axis fan in the case of the upper structure being laid down in this invention.
[0021] The components include: 1. Top locking device for the wind turbine; 2. First support rotating device; 3. Upper section blades of the wind turbine; 4. Lower section blades of the wind turbine; 5. Second support rotating device; 6. Third support rotating device; 7. Cross brace slider; 8. Cross brace; 9. Lower section blade slider of the wind turbine; 10. Fourth support rotating device; 11. Slide rail; 12. Wind turbine shaft; 13. Cross brace slider locking device; 14. Lower section blade slider locking device; 15. Wind turbine rotating bearing; 16. Wind turbine tower; 17. Deck; 18. Flange; 19. Upper gear; 20. Lower gear; 21. Upper gear shaft; 22. Lower gear shaft; 23. Hinge device; 24. Motor; 25. Wind turbine shaft support column; 26. Wind turbine shaft fixing slot; 27. Wind turbine shaft retaining ring. Detailed Implementation
[0022] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.
[0023] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0024] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.
[0025] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0026] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.
[0027] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown in the figure, the Φ-type offshore vertical axis wind turbine described in this embodiment is installed on the deck 17 of an offshore floating platform. It has two working modes: normal power generation and extreme weather. It mainly includes a support base, a wind turbine tower, a wind turbine shaft, a blade folding mechanism, a wind turbine tilting mechanism, and a tilting locking mechanism.
[0028] In this embodiment, the deck 17 is a horizontally arranged load-bearing base that provides installation support for the entire structure of the wind turbine; The upper surface of the deck 17 is vertically fixed with a wind turbine tower 16 and a wind turbine shaft support column 25. The wind turbine tower 16 serves as the main support component of the wind turbine's upper structure, while the wind turbine shaft support column 25 provides end support and locking after the wind turbine is laid down. A wind turbine rotating bearing 15 is fixedly installed at the top of the wind turbine tower 16. The wind turbine shaft 12 is arranged vertically, and the lower section of the wind turbine shaft 12 is fitted into the inner ring of the wind turbine rotating bearing 15, allowing the wind turbine shaft 12 to rotate freely relative to the wind turbine tower 16 around its own vertical axis, thus outputting the rotational torque of the blades outward.
[0029] In this embodiment, the blade folding mechanism is installed on the fan shaft 12 to realize the opening of the blade for power generation and the retraction of the blade for load reduction.
[0030] In this embodiment, two sets of blade units are provided, symmetrically arranged around the wind turbine shaft 12. In practical applications, three or more sets of blade units can be provided according to the power generation requirements, all of which fall within the protection scope of this invention. Each set of blade units includes upper wind turbine blades 3 and lower wind turbine blades 4, which, together with the cross brace 8, slider, and slide rail 11, achieve linked folding. The specific connection relationship of each component is as follows: The top of the upper section blade 3 of the fan is hinged to the upper side wall of the fan shaft 12 through the first support rotating device 2. The hinge shaft of the first support rotating device 2 is horizontal and perpendicular to the radial direction of the fan shaft 12, so that the upper section blade 3 of the fan can swing up and down in the vertical plane around the hinge shaft.
[0031] The bottom end of the upper section blade 3 of the fan is hinged to the top end of the lower section blade 4 of the fan through the second support rotating device 5. The hinge axis of the second support rotating device 5 is parallel to the hinge axis of the first support rotating device 2, so that the lower section blade 4 of the fan can rotate and fold relative to the upper section blade 3 of the fan around the hinge axis.
[0032] The cross brace 8 is a rigid support rod, with its outer end hinged to the second support rotating device 5, and its inner end hinged to the cross brace slider 7 via the third support rotating device 6; the hinge axis of the third support rotating device 6 is also parallel to the aforementioned hinge axis. The cross brace slider 7 is slidably mounted on the slide rail 11, which extends along the entire axial length of the fan shaft 12 and is fixedly laid on the side wall surface of the fan shaft 12.
[0033] The bottom end of the lower section blade 4 of the fan is hinged to the lower section blade slider 9 of the fan through the fourth support rotating device 10. The hinge axis of the fourth support rotating device 10 is parallel to the other hinge axes. The lower section blade slider 9 of the fan is also slidably mounted on the slide rail 11 and is located below the cross brace slider 7 in the initial working state.
[0034] The lower side wall of the slide rail 11 is fixedly equipped with a cross brace slider locking device 13 and a fan lower blade slider locking device 14; wherein the installation position of the cross brace slider locking device 13 corresponds to the stopping position of the cross brace slider 7 when the blade is fully retracted, and the installation position of the fan lower blade slider locking device 14 corresponds to the stopping position of the fan lower blade slider 9 when the blade is fully retracted. The two locking devices are used to lock the corresponding sliders in position after the blades are retracted to prevent the sliders from moving due to external forces.
[0035] In this embodiment, the wind turbine tilting mechanism is located in the middle of the wind turbine tower 16, and is used to drive the wind turbine tower 16 and the upper structure to tilt and lift as a whole. Its specific structure is as follows: Flange 18 includes an upper flange and a lower flange that fit together. The upper flange is fixedly connected to the bottom end face of the upper section of the wind turbine tower 16, and the lower flange is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the lower section of the wind turbine tower 16. The upper flange and the lower flange are hinged on one side by a hinge device 23. The hinge axis of the hinge device 23 is set in the horizontal direction, and the axis of the hinge axis intersects perpendicularly with the axis of the wind turbine shaft 12, so that the entire upper structure of the wind turbine tower 16 and above can tilt around the hinge axis of the hinge device 23 to the side of the wind turbine shaft support column 25.
[0036] Under normal operating conditions, the upper flange and the lower flange are detachably fixed at other circumferential positions through multiple sets of connecting bolts to ensure the vertical support rigidity of the wind turbine tower 16.
[0037] The gear transmission assembly includes an upper gear 19, a lower gear 20, an upper gear shaft 21, and a lower gear shaft 22; The upper gear 19 is fixedly connected to the side of the upper flange via the upper gear shaft 21, and the upper gear shaft 21 is coaxially arranged with the hinge shaft of the hinge device 23, so that the rotation center of the upper gear 19 coincides with the tilting rotation center of the fan. The lower gear 20 is connected to the output end of the motor 24 via the lower gear shaft 22, and the motor 24 is fixedly mounted on the deck 17; the upper gear 19 and the lower gear 20 mesh with each other to form a reduction transmission pair; When the motor 24 outputs power, the torque is transmitted step by step through the lower gear shaft 22, the lower gear 20, the upper gear 19, and the upper gear shaft 21, ultimately driving the upper flange and the upper section of the wind turbine tower 16 to rotate smoothly around the hinge device 23.
[0038] In this embodiment, the tilting and locking mechanism is used to support and fix the top of the fan after it is tilted down, so as to ensure the structural stability of the horizontal position.
[0039] The top locking device 1 of the fan is fixedly installed on the top end face of the fan shaft 12 and tilts down together with the fan shaft 12; The wind turbine shaft support column 25 is vertically fixed on the deck 17 and located on the tilting side of the wind turbine tower 16. Its height is adapted to the top height of the wind turbine shaft 12 after it is laid down. The top of the wind turbine shaft support column 25 is provided with a wind turbine shaft fixing slot 26. The shape of the slot is adapted to the shape of the wind turbine top locking device 1. The opening side of the wind turbine shaft fixing slot 26 is provided with an openable wind turbine shaft buckle 27. When the wind turbine tower 16 drives the wind turbine shaft 12 to be laid down to a horizontal position, the wind turbine top locking device 1 is precisely engaged in the wind turbine shaft fixing slot 26, achieving horizontal and vertical positioning; after the wind turbine shaft buckle 27 is fastened, the wind turbine top locking device 1 can be locked and fixed in the slot, completing the end support and fixing of the upper structure of the wind turbine.
[0040] In practical applications, the working process of this invention is as follows: Please see Figure 1Under normal power generation conditions, both the cross brace slider 7 and the lower blade slider 9 are locked in the upper working position of the slide rail 11. The cross brace 8 is horizontally positioned, providing stable radial support for the second support rotation device 5. At this time, the bottom end face of the upper blade 3 and the top end face of the lower blade 4 are tightly fitted together, and the two blades are spliced into a complete vertical airfoil blade. The two sets of blade units are symmetrically arranged around the fan shaft 12, forming an overall Φ-shaped blade configuration. When the transverse airflow blows towards the blade, based on the airfoil lift principle, a pressure difference is generated on both sides of the blade, forming a circumferential rotational torque, which drives the upper blade 3, the lower blade 4, the cross brace 8, and all hinge components to rotate around the vertical axis of the fan shaft 12. The fan shaft 12 rotates synchronously and outputs the rotational torque to the power generation unit at the rear end through the fan rotating bearing 15, realizing the conversion of wind energy into electrical energy. Under this condition, the cross brace 8, as the main radial load-bearing component, evenly transmits the aerodynamic load on the blade to the fan shaft 12, ensuring the structural rigidity and operational stability of the blade; the symmetrically arranged blade structure can balance the centrifugal load and aerodynamic load during the rotation process, reduce the stress on the fan rotating bearing 15, and extend the bearing service life.
[0041] Please see Figure 2 When extreme winds such as typhoons are detected as approaching, the following three steps are performed in sequence: blade retraction, turbine lowering, and end fixing. First, the blade retraction steps (corresponding to...) Figures 1 to 2 (State transition) First, the locking of the cross brace slider 7 and the lower blade slider 9 of the fan in the working position is released. The cross brace slider 7 is then driven to slide downwards at a constant speed along the slide rail 11 via a linear drive device. During the downward movement of the cross brace slider 7, the inner end of the cross brace 8 moves downwards synchronously via the third support rotating device 6. The cross brace 8 rotates upwards around the second support rotating device 5 at the outer end, gradually changing from a horizontal state to an inclined state, and finally moving towards the side wall of the fan shaft 12. The rotation of the cross brace 8 synchronously pulls the second support rotating device 5 to move horizontally towards one side of the fan shaft 12. Driven by the second support rotating device 5, the bottom end of the upper blade 3 of the fan retracts inwards, and the upper blade 3 as a whole deflects downwards around the first support rotating device 2 at the top. At the same time, the top end of the lower blade 4 of the fan retracts inwards, and the lower blade 4 as a whole deflects upwards around the fourth support rotating device 10 at the bottom, pushing the lower blade slider 9 of the fan to slide downwards synchronously along the slide rail 11. When the cross brace slider 7 slides down to contact the cross brace slider locking device 13, the cross brace slider locking device 13 is activated, locking the position of the cross brace slider 7. At the same time, the lower section blade slider 9 slides down to contact the lower section blade slider locking device 14, activating the lower section blade slider locking device 14, locking the position of the lower section blade slider 9. After the retraction is completed, both the upper section blade 3 and the lower section blade 4 of the fan rotate to a state parallel to the fan shaft 12. The two sections of blades are arranged collinearly along the vertical direction and adhere to the side wall surface of the fan shaft 12. The radial windward area of the fan is greatly reduced, fundamentally reducing the strong wind load on the blades and avoiding fatigue damage and breakage of the blades.
[0042] Please see Figure 3 After the blades are retracted and locked, the wind turbine is lowered. First, all connecting bolts between the upper and lower flanges 18 are removed, leaving only the hinge device 23 as the hinge constraint between the upper and lower flanges. Then, the motor 24 is started. The torque output by the motor 24 is transmitted to the lower gear 20 through the lower gear shaft 22. The lower gear 20 drives the upper gear 19, which meshes with it, to rotate at a reduced speed. The upper gear 19 drives the upper flange to rotate synchronously through the upper gear shaft 21, thereby causing the upper section of the wind turbine tower 16, the wind turbine shaft 12, and the retracted blades to slowly tilt around the hinge axis of the hinge device 23 towards the wind turbine shaft support column 25. The motor 24 is a geared motor, which, together with the gear pair, can precisely control the tilting angular velocity of the wind turbine tower 16, ensuring a smooth and impact-free tilting process and avoiding damage to the tower, blades, and transmission structure caused by excessive inertial load.
[0043] Please see Figure 4When the wind turbine tower 16 tilts to a horizontal position, the wind turbine top locking device 1 at the top of the wind turbine shaft 12 precisely engages with the wind turbine shaft fixing slot 26 at the top of the wind turbine shaft support column 25, achieving radial and vertical limiting. Subsequently, the wind turbine shaft retaining ring 27 is fastened to lock the wind turbine top locking device 1 into the wind turbine shaft fixing slot 26, completing the end support and fixation of the upper structure of the wind turbine. At this time, the wind turbine is in a horizontal horizontal position, and the overall windward height and windward area are reduced to a minimum, which can effectively resist the impact of extreme strong winds, avoid the risk of the tall tower overturning under strong winds, and achieve all-round protection for the entire wind turbine structure.
[0044] Finally, after the extreme weather ends, simply reverse the above process to restore normal power generation: First, release the locking constraint of the wind turbine shaft retaining ring 27, start the motor 24 to rotate in reverse, and drive the upper flange and wind turbine tower 16 to slowly rotate upward around the hinge device 23 through the gear transmission pair until the wind turbine tower 16 returns to a vertical position; then use connecting bolts to re-tighten the upper and lower parts of the flange 18 to restore the fixed support of the tower. Next, release the locking device 13 of the cross brace slider and the locking device 14 of the lower section blade slider of the wind turbine, and drive the cross brace slider 7 and the lower section blade slider 9 of the wind turbine to slide upward along the slide rail 11 to reset; during the upward movement of the cross brace slider 7, it pushes the cross brace 8 to unfold outward, driving the second support rotating device 5 to move outward, so that the upper section blade 3 and the lower section blade 4 of the wind turbine open outward synchronously. When the slider returns to the upper working position, the cross brace 8 returns to a horizontal horizontal position, and the upper section blade 3 and the lower section blade 4 of the wind turbine are reassembled into a complete airfoil blade; after locking the positions of the two sliders, the wind turbine can resume normal power generation operation.
[0045] In some embodiments, the linear drive device for driving the slider to slide can be a conventional device in the art, such as an electric push rod or a hydraulic cylinder, and the locking device can be a conventional structure such as a pin lock or an electromagnetic lock. The specific installation and control methods are common knowledge to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.
[0046] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.
[0047] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of implementation methods of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A Φ-type offshore vertical axis wind turbine, characterized in that, This includes a support base, wind turbine tower, wind turbine shaft, blade folding mechanism, wind turbine tilting mechanism, and tilting locking mechanism; The support base includes a horizontally arranged deck, on which a wind turbine shaft support column is vertically fixed; The wind turbine tower is vertically arranged above the deck. The wind turbine tower is divided into upper and lower sections, with a wind turbine tilting mechanism set in the middle between the two sections. A wind turbine rotating bearing is installed at the top of the upper section of the wind turbine tower. The wind turbine rotating shaft is arranged vertically and rotates with the wind turbine tower through the wind turbine rotating bearing. The blade folding mechanism includes at least two sets of blade units, a cross brace component, a slide rail, and a slider locking assembly. Each blade unit includes an upper section blade and a lower section blade. The top of the upper section blade is hinged to the upper part of the fan shaft via a first support rotating device, and the bottom of the upper section blade is hinged to the top of the lower section blade via a second support rotating device. The cross brace component includes a cross brace. The inner end of the cross brace is hinged to a cross brace slider via a third support rotating device, and the outer end of the cross brace is hinged to the second support rotating device. The bottom end of the lower section blade is hinged to a lower section blade slider via a fourth support rotating device; the slide rail is fixedly installed on the side wall of the fan shaft along the axial direction of the fan shaft, and both the cross brace slider and the lower section blade slider are slidably mounted on the slide rail along the extension direction of the slide rail; the slider locking assembly includes a cross brace slider locking device and a lower section blade slider locking device, the cross brace slider locking device is used to lock the cross brace slider in the blade retracted state, and the lower section blade slider locking device is used to lock the lower section blade slider in the blade retracted state; The wind turbine tilting mechanism includes a flange assembly, a gear transmission assembly, a hinge device, and a drive motor; the flange assembly includes an upper flange and a lower flange, the upper flange is fixedly connected to the bottom of the upper wind turbine tower, and the lower flange is fixedly installed on the top of the lower tower. The upper flange and the lower flange are hinged on one side by the hinge device, and the upper flange and the lower flange are detachably fixedly connected by fasteners; the gear transmission assembly includes an upper gear and a lower gear that mesh with each other. The upper gear is fixedly connected to the side of the upper flange through the upper gear shaft, and the lower gear is connected to the output end of the drive motor through the lower gear shaft. The drive motor is fixedly installed on the lower wind turbine tower. The folding and locking mechanism includes a fan top locking device located at the top of the fan shaft, and a fan shaft fixing slot and a fan shaft buckle located at the top of the fan shaft support column. When the fan rotates around the hinge device to a horizontal folding state, the fan top locking device engages with the fan shaft fixing slot and is locked in place by the fan shaft buckle.
2. The Φ-type offshore vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blade unit is provided in two or more sets; when the fan is in normal working condition, the cross brace is in a horizontal position, the bottom end face of the upper section blade of the fan is in contact with the top end face of the lower section blade of the fan, and each set of blade units is symmetrically arranged around the fan shaft to form a Φ-shaped blade structure.
3. A Φ-type offshore vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slide rail extends along the entire axial length of the fan shaft; the cross brace slider locking device and the fan lower blade slider locking device are both fixed to the lower side wall of the slide rail, and respectively correspond to the stopping positions of the cross brace slider and the fan lower blade slider when the blades are retracted.
4. A Φ-type offshore vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hinge shaft of the hinge device is arranged in a horizontal direction, and the axis of the hinge shaft intersects perpendicularly with the axis of the fan shaft; the upper gear shaft is arranged coaxially with the hinge shaft of the hinge device.
5. A Φ-type offshore vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive motor is a geared drive motor, and the lower gear is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor; the fastener is a connecting bolt, and the upper flange and the lower flange are detachably fixed by multiple sets of connecting bolts.
6. A method for operating a Φ-type offshore vertical axis wind turbine, characterized in that, Based on the Φ-type offshore vertical axis wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the working method includes normal power generation conditions and extreme weather conditions; The extreme weather conditions include, in sequence, the blade retraction step, the wind turbine laying down step, and the laying down and securing step: Blade retraction steps: Drive the cross brace slider to slide along the slide rail towards the lower part of the fan shaft. The cross brace rotates upward around the third support rotating device as the cross brace slider moves, causing the second support rotating device to move closer to the fan shaft. Under the action of the second support rotating device, the upper section blades of the fan deflect downward around the first support rotating device. Under the action of the second support rotating device, the lower section blades of the fan deflect upward around the fourth support rotating device, until both the upper and lower section blades of the fan are retracted to a state parallel to the fan shaft. Trigger the cross brace slider locking device to lock the cross brace slider, and trigger the fan lower section blade slider locking device to lock the fan lower section blade slider. Wind turbine lowering procedure: Loosen the fastener connection between the upper flange and the lower flange, start the drive motor, and through the meshing transmission of the lower gear and the upper gear, drive the upper flange and the entire wind turbine to slowly tilt to one side of the deck around the hinge axis of the hinge device; Laying down and fixing steps: When the fan is tilted to a horizontal position, engage the fan top locking device at the top of the fan shaft with the fan shaft fixing slot at the top of the fan shaft support column, and fasten the fan shaft buckle to complete the locking, thereby realizing the laying down and fixing of the upper structure of the fan.
7. The operating method of the Φ-type offshore vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The normal power generation condition is as follows: the cross brace slider and the lower section blade slider of the wind turbine are both locked in the working position of the slide rail, the cross brace is kept in a horizontal position, the upper section blade of the wind turbine is spliced with the lower section blade of the wind turbine to form a complete blade and open outward; the external airflow acts on the blade to generate a rotational torque, which drives the wind turbine shaft to rotate around its own axis, and the torque is output to the power generation unit through the wind turbine rotating bearing to realize wind power generation.
8. The operating method of the Φ-type offshore vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 6, characterized in that, After the extreme weather ends, a reset procedure is also included: releasing the locking constraint of the wind turbine shaft retaining ring, starting the drive motor to rotate in the opposite direction, and driving the wind turbine tower to rotate upward around the hinge device to a vertical position through the gear transmission assembly, and re-fixing the upper flange and lower flange with fasteners; then releasing the locking device of the cross brace slider and the locking device of the lower section blade slider of the wind turbine, driving the cross brace slider and the lower section blade slider of the wind turbine to slide upward along the slide rail to reset, driving the cross brace to rotate to a horizontal position, and the upper section blade and the lower section blade of the wind turbine to open synchronously to the working state.
9. The operating method of the Φ-type offshore vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 6, characterized in that, During the blade retraction step, the cross brace slider and the lower section blade slider of the fan slide down synchronously along the slide rail, and the upper section blade and the lower section blade of the fan retract synchronously toward the side wall of the fan shaft; after retraction, the upper section blade and the lower section blade of the fan are arranged collinearly along the vertical and fit against the side wall of the fan shaft.
10. The operating method of the Φ-type offshore vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 6, characterized in that, During the wind turbine lowering process, the drive motor reduces speed through a gear transmission assembly, controlling the tilting angular velocity of the wind turbine tower to remain within a preset threshold, so that the wind turbine tower tilts smoothly and slowly to a horizontal state.