A hardware-assisted split-phase inverter bus equalization system and method

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of split-phase inverter bus equalization, and particularly relates to a split-phase inverter bus equalization system and method without hardware assistance. The application does not depend on additional equalization resistors, equalization converters or energy transfer circuits, but utilizes the existing power conversion structure of the split-phase inverter to realize energy redistribution between bus energy storage units through adjustment of the output control process, thereby reducing the number of hardware, lowering the system cost, improving the system integration, directly adjusting the energy consumption ratio in the output process of the split-phase inverter, making the bus energy storage units with high state actively bear more output energy, avoiding additional energy loss while completing equalization, improving the overall operation efficiency, dynamically correcting the equalization control parameters in combination with the current output state of the split-phase inverter, making the equalization process adapt to different load conditions, avoiding the influence of equalization control on the quality of alternating current output, and improving the operation stability of the split-phase inverter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of split-phase inverter bus balancing technology, specifically relating to a split-phase inverter bus balancing system and method without hardware assistance. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of power electronics, energy storage, and new energy grid connection technologies, split-phase inverters have been widely used in photovoltaic power generation systems, residential energy storage systems, electric vehicle charging systems, and distributed microgrids. Especially in regions like North America and Japan that use split-phase power supply standards, split-phase inverters can simultaneously output two low-voltage AC power supplies with a 180° phase difference, along with their corresponding high-voltage AC power supplies. They offer advantages such as flexible power supply, high compatibility, and wide applicability, thus gradually becoming an important component of energy storage inverter systems.

[0003] Split-phase inverters typically employ a DC bus structure, with two series-connected Bus energy storage units (bus energy storage units) forming a DC-side energy buffer and distribution structure. These Bus energy storage units can be Bus capacitors, battery cells, or other energy storage devices with energy storage capabilities. The connection node between the two Bus energy storage units forms the DC bus midpoint, and the inverter bridge achieves split-phase AC voltage output by high-frequency modulation of the DC bus power. During inverter operation, the positive and negative half-cycle outputs typically correspond to different Bus energy storage units, thus each Bus energy storage unit not only supports DC-side energy but also participates in the AC-side load energy distribution process.

[0004] In actual operation, factors such as load asymmetry, differences in switching device parameters, sampling errors, and control delays can easily lead to inconsistent voltage, current, and energy distribution between the two Bus energy storage units, resulting in Bus imbalance. This type of imbalance not only affects the quality of the inverter's output power but may also cause long-term overcharging or over-discharging of one-sided energy storage units, reducing the overall system lifespan and stability.

[0005] In existing technologies, bus balancing in split-phase inverters mostly relies on additional hardware such as balancing resistors, switched capacitor circuits, or active balancing modules. This not only increases the system's hardware cost, size, and control complexity but also introduces additional energy losses and electromagnetic interference problems. Furthermore, existing balancing methods have a slow response speed to load changes and dynamic imbalance conditions, making it difficult to achieve real-time and precise adjustment of the bus energy storage unit's state. This can easily lead to long-term bus voltage imbalance, thereby affecting inverter output stability, power quality, and system operational reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hardware-free split-phase inverter Bus balancing system and method, which can predict and adjust the imbalance in real time based on the state information of each Bus energy storage unit, thereby achieving high-precision control of energy distribution.

[0007] The specific technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: A hardware-free method for bus equalization in split-phase inverters, comprising: Obtain the status information corresponding to each Bus energy storage unit, and obtain the corresponding Bus imbalance information based on the status information; When the bus imbalance information exceeds the preset range, bus balancing control is activated, and a corresponding balancing control quantity is generated based on the bus imbalance information. Obtain the output status information corresponding to the split-phase inverter, and adjust the equalization control quantity according to the output status information to obtain the corresponding output adjustment parameters; Based on the Bus unit status information, determine the energy output ratio of each Bus energy storage unit during the positive and negative half-cycles of the split-phase inverter, obtain the energy distribution difference between each Bus energy storage unit, and adjust the output control signal of the split-phase inverter in conjunction with the output adjustment parameters to obtain the adjusted output control signal. The phase-splitting inverter is controlled based on the adjusted output control signal, and dynamic balancing is performed on each Bus energy storage unit. During the operation of the split-phase inverter, the Bus imbalance information is continuously updated, and the imbalance change trend of historical control cycles is combined to obtain real-time balance parameters and adjust the balance control quantity. The imbalance evolution trend is obtained, the corresponding expected energy shift state is determined, and the energy allocation adjustment parameters are predictively adjusted based on the expected energy shift state. When the Bus imbalance information returns to the preset range, reduce the output adjustment parameter and exit Bus equalization control.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the status information corresponding to each Bus energy storage unit is obtained, and the corresponding Bus imbalance information is obtained based on the status information, including: The system acquires Bus voltage, Bus current, and charge / discharge change information for each Bus energy storage unit, and continuously samples the Bus voltage, Bus current, and charge / discharge change information based on a preset time window. Based on the continuously sampled Bus voltage, Bus current and charging / discharging change information, the real-time energy change status and energy change rate of each Bus energy storage unit are obtained. Based on the real-time energy change status and energy change rate of each Bus energy storage unit, obtain the corresponding state deviation value and deviation change trend between each Bus energy storage unit. Based on the state deviation value and the trend of deviation change, obtain the corresponding degree of Bus imbalance and the direction of imbalance development; Based on the degree of bus imbalance and the direction of its development, corresponding bus imbalance prediction results are generated; The bus imbalance prediction results are compared with preset imbalance conditions. When the bus imbalance prediction results meet the preset imbalance conditions, the corresponding bus imbalance information is generated.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, when the bus imbalance information exceeds a preset range, bus balancing control is initiated, and a corresponding balancing control quantity is generated based on the bus imbalance information, including: Obtain the degree and direction of bus imbalance corresponding to bus imbalance information, and obtain the trend of imbalance change corresponding to bus imbalance information within a continuous control period; The corresponding imbalance evolution state is obtained based on the degree of imbalance, the direction of imbalance development, and the trend of imbalance change of Bus. The imbalance evolution state is compared with the preset equilibrium triggering condition. When the imbalance evolution state meets the preset equilibrium triggering condition, the corresponding Bus equilibrium control mode is activated. Based on the direction of imbalance development, obtain the corresponding target Bus energy storage unit, and based on the trend of imbalance change, obtain the corresponding equilibrium response priority; Based on the degree of Bus imbalance and the priority of equilibrium response, the corresponding equilibrium adjustment intensity and adjustment rate are obtained. The corresponding balance control quantity is generated based on the balance adjustment intensity and the rate of change of the adjustment.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the output state information corresponding to the split-phase inverter is obtained, and the equalization control quantity is adjusted according to the output state information to obtain the corresponding output adjustment parameters, including: Obtain the output voltage, output current, and inter-phase load distribution information of the split-phase inverter; Obtain the corresponding output status information based on the output voltage, output current, and phase-to-phase load distribution information; The degree of load imbalance and output fluctuation status of the split-phase inverter are obtained based on the output status information. Based on the degree of load imbalance and output fluctuation, and in conjunction with the balancing control quantity, the corresponding output adjustment parameters are obtained.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, based on the Bus unit status information, the energy output ratio of each Bus energy storage unit during the positive and negative half-cycles of the phase-splitting inverter is determined, and the energy distribution difference between each Bus energy storage unit is obtained. Combined with output adjustment parameters, the output control signal of the phase-splitting inverter is adjusted to obtain the adjusted output control signal, including: The system acquires the output current, output voltage, and energy consumption information for each Bus energy storage unit, and generates the corresponding Bus unit status information based on the output current, output voltage, and energy consumption information. Based on the Bus unit status information, obtain the energy output ratio of each Bus energy storage unit in the positive half-cycle and the negative half-cycle, and obtain the energy distribution difference between each Bus energy storage unit. The target Bus energy storage unit is obtained based on the difference in energy distribution. The energy deviation between the energy output ratio of the target Bus energy storage unit and the preset benchmark energy ratio is obtained as the state deviation value. Based on the output adjustment parameters and state deviation values, the waveform parameters of the modulation reference wave of the split-phase inverter within different output half-cycles are adjusted to obtain the adjusted waveform parameters. The PWM control signal is updated based on the adjusted waveform parameters, and the corresponding adjusted output control signal is generated based on the updated PWM control signal and carrier control signal.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the operation of the split-phase inverter is controlled based on the regulated output control signal, and dynamic balancing is performed on each Bus energy storage unit, including: Based on the adjusted output control signal, the inverter bridge switching devices of the split-phase inverter are driven to operate according to the corresponding PWM timing, so that the split-phase inverter enters the split-phase output working state. In the split-phase output working state, based on the output power supply paths of the positive half-cycle and the negative half-cycle, different Bus energy storage units participate in the energy output process of the corresponding half-cycle, forming a periodic alternating discharge mechanism. Under the periodic alternating discharge mechanism, the output voltage change and output current change of each Bus energy storage unit are continuously acquired, and the energy state information of each Bus energy storage unit is updated according to the output voltage change and output current change. Based on the updated energy state information, the energy output ratio of each Bus energy storage unit and the distribution difference in different output half-cycles are obtained to obtain the dynamic energy allocation offset. Based on the dynamic energy allocation offset and the preset state deviation threshold, the discharge path corresponding to each Bus energy storage unit is adaptively adjusted. Through the adaptively adjusted PWM drive process, the discharge rate distribution of each Bus energy storage unit is continuously adjusted by the split-phase inverter in multiple control cycles, thereby achieving dynamic balance of energy state among each Bus energy storage unit.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the Bus imbalance information is continuously updated during the operation of the split-phase inverter. Combined with the imbalance change trend of historical control cycles, real-time balancing parameters are obtained, and the balancing control quantities are adjusted, including: During the operation of the split-phase inverter, the Bus imbalance information is continuously updated to obtain the updated Bus imbalance status; Based on the updated Bus imbalance status and combined with the imbalance change trend of historical control cycles, the predicted energy deviation value of each Bus energy storage unit is obtained. The predicted energy deviation is compared with the preset energy balance target to generate a balance control coefficient. The real-time equalization control parameters are obtained based on the equalization control coefficients. These parameters include the PWM duty cycle, the modulated reference wave bias component, and the carrier phase parameters of the output control signal of the split-phase inverter. Adjust the equalization control quantity based on real-time equalization control parameters.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the imbalance evolution trend is obtained, the corresponding expected energy shift state is determined, and the energy allocation adjustment parameters are predictively adjusted based on the expected energy shift state, including: After implementing Bus balance control by adjusting the balance control quantity based on the updated Bus imbalance information, the Bus imbalance information change sequence within multiple consecutive control cycles is obtained. The direction and rate of imbalance change for each Bus energy storage unit are determined based on the Bus imbalance information change sequence. The corresponding trend of imbalance evolution is obtained based on the direction and rate of imbalance change; Based on the imbalance evolution trend, determine the expected energy offset state of each Bus energy storage unit in the next control cycle; Based on the expected energy offset state, determine the expected energy distribution change information between each Bus energy storage unit; Based on the expected changes in energy distribution, the current equilibrium control parameters are corrected in advance to generate predictive adjustment parameters. The output control process of the split-phase inverter is adjusted based on predictive adjustment parameters.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, when the bus imbalance information recovers to a preset range, the output adjustment parameter is reduced and the bus equalization control is exited, including: When the Bus imbalance information converges to a preset stable range, obtain the residual deviation between the current Bus imbalance information and the preset equilibrium target; The output adjustment parameters are adjusted in a stepwise manner based on the residual deviation. During the step-by-step attenuation adjustment process, when the output adjustment parameter decays to the preset exit threshold, the equalization control mode is released and the normal output control state of the split-phase inverter is restored.

[0016] This invention also provides a hardware-free phase-splitting inverter bus equalization system for the aforementioned hardware-free phase-splitting inverter bus equalization method, comprising: The Bus energy storage module is used to obtain the status information corresponding to each Bus energy storage unit and obtain the corresponding Bus imbalance information based on the status information. The balance control module is used to activate bus balance control when the bus imbalance information exceeds a preset range, and to generate corresponding balance control quantities based on the bus imbalance information. The output regulation module is used to obtain the output status information of the split-phase inverter, and adjust the equalization control quantity according to the output status information to obtain the corresponding output regulation parameters. The output control module determines the energy output ratio of each Bus energy storage unit during the positive and negative half-cycles of the phase-splitting inverter based on the Bus unit status information, obtains the energy distribution difference between each Bus energy storage unit, and adjusts the output control signal of the phase-splitting inverter in conjunction with the output adjustment parameters to obtain the adjusted output control signal. The dynamic balancing module controls the operation of the split-phase inverter based on the adjusted output control signal and performs dynamic balancing for each Bus energy storage unit. The balance adjustment module is used to continuously update the Bus imbalance information during the operation of the split-phase inverter, combine the imbalance change trend of historical control cycles, obtain real-time balance parameters, and adjust the balance control quantity. The advance correction module is used to obtain the imbalance evolution trend, determine the corresponding expected energy shift state, and make predictive adjustments to the energy allocation adjustment parameters based on the expected energy shift state. The equalization recovery module is used to reduce the output adjustment parameters and exit bus equalization control when the bus imbalance information is restored to the preset range.

[0017] And, a hardware-free split-phase inverter bus balancing terminal, comprising: One or more processors; A storage device on which one or more programs are stored; When one or more programs are executed by one or more processors, the one or more processors implement a hardware-free split-phase inverter bus equalization method.

[0018] The technical effects achieved by this invention are as follows: This invention does not rely on additional equalization resistors, equalization converters, or energy transfer circuits. Instead, it utilizes the existing power conversion structure of the split-phase inverter itself to redistribute energy among Bus energy storage units by adjusting the output control process. This reduces the number of hardware components, lowers system costs, and improves system integration. It directly adjusts the energy consumption ratio during the output process of the split-phase inverter, enabling Bus energy storage units with high energy consumption to actively take on more output energy. While achieving equalization, it avoids additional energy loss and improves overall operating efficiency. Based on the current output state of the split-phase inverter, it dynamically corrects the equalization control parameters, allowing the equalization process to adapt to different load conditions, avoiding the impact of equalization control on AC output quality, and improving the operational stability of the split-phase inverter. This invention continuously updates Bus imbalance information and adjusts the balancing control quantity according to real-time status. It can automatically adjust the balancing strategy according to the actual changes of Bus energy storage units, avoiding the problems of insufficient or excessive balancing caused by fixed control parameters. By analyzing the imbalance evolution trend and predicting the future energy shift direction, it can adjust the energy distribution relationship in advance before the imbalance reaches a severe state, changing from traditional post-imbalance compensation to pre-imbalance suppression, reducing the possibility of Bus imbalance expansion, improving the dynamic balancing response speed, and reducing the long-term energy deviation between two Bus energy storage units. It can reduce midpoint drift, output fluctuation and device stress inconsistency caused by Bus voltage imbalance, and improve the reliability and service life of the split-phase inverter during long-term operation. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a system module diagram provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the split-phase inverter provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage waveform before BUS equalization provided by the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage waveform after adding BUS equalization provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0022] Secondly, the term "an embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in a preferred embodiment" appearing in different places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that mutually excludes other embodiments.

[0023] Furthermore, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the schematic diagrams. When describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, the schematic diagrams are merely examples for ease of explanation and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Please see the appendix Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a hardware-free method for bus equalization in a split-phase inverter is provided, including: S1. Obtain the status information corresponding to each Bus energy storage unit, and obtain the corresponding Bus imbalance information based on the status information; S2. When the bus imbalance information exceeds the preset range, start the bus balancing control and generate the corresponding balancing control quantity according to the bus imbalance information. S3. Obtain the output status information corresponding to the split-phase inverter, and adjust the equalization control quantity according to the output status information to obtain the corresponding output adjustment parameters. S4. Based on the Bus unit status information, determine the energy output ratio of each Bus energy storage unit during the positive and negative half-cycle output processes of the split-phase inverter, obtain the energy distribution difference between each Bus energy storage unit, and adjust the output control signal of the split-phase inverter in combination with the output adjustment parameters to obtain the adjusted output control signal. S5. Control the operation of the split-phase inverter based on the adjusted output control signal, and perform dynamic balancing for each Bus energy storage unit; S6. During the operation of the split-phase inverter, continuously update the Bus imbalance information, combine it with the imbalance change trend of historical control cycles, obtain real-time balance parameters, and adjust the balance control quantity. S7. Obtain the imbalance evolution trend, determine the corresponding expected energy shift state, and make predictive adjustments to the energy allocation adjustment parameters based on the expected energy shift state: S8. When the Bus imbalance information returns to the preset range, reduce the output adjustment parameter and exit Bus equalization control.

[0025] As described in steps S1 to S8 above, the status of each Bus energy storage unit in the split-phase inverter is monitored. The Bus energy storage unit can be an energy storage element located on the DC bus side of the split-phase inverter, such as two Bus capacitors connected in series. The connection node of the two Bus capacitors serves as the midpoint of the DC bus, forming a neutral reference point for the split-phase AC output. During the operation of the split-phase inverter, factors such as load fluctuations, inconsistent two-phase output power, differences in device parameters, and inconsistent charging and discharging processes can cause the energy states of the two Bus energy storage units to gradually deviate. Therefore, by collecting the voltage and electrical states corresponding to each Bus energy storage unit... The system analyzes the state differences between different Bus energy storage units based on the flow state and energy change state, and generates corresponding Bus imbalance information. When the Bus imbalance information exceeds the preset range, it indicates that there is a significant energy state deviation between different Bus energy storage units, and the equalization control process needs to be initiated. The system generates corresponding equalization control quantities based on the degree, direction, and trend of Bus imbalance. These equalization control quantities do not directly act on additional equalization hardware, but rather guide the subsequent output control process of the split-phase inverter, enabling the split-phase inverter to adjust the energy release ratio of different Bus energy storage units through its own power conversion process.

[0026] For example, when the state of energy of a certain Bus energy storage unit is too high, the balancing control is used to increase the energy consumption ratio of that Bus energy storage unit during the output process, so that it releases more energy, thereby gradually reducing the energy difference with another Bus energy storage unit. In order to avoid the balancing control affecting the normal output performance of the split-phase inverter, the output state information corresponding to the current operating state of the split-phase inverter is further obtained. The output state information may include the output voltage state, the output current state, the load distribution state between the two AC outputs, and the output fluctuation, etc. By analyzing the output state information, it is determined whether the current split-phase inverter has the conditions for energy redistribution, and the balancing control is adjusted according to the current output conditions to generate output adjustment parameters adapted to the current operating state.

[0027] For example, when the load is relatively stable, the equalization regulation can be enhanced to quickly bring the Bus energy storage units to a uniform state. When the load changes drastically, the equalization regulation intensity can be reduced to avoid output fluctuations caused by equalization control. The output control signal of the split-phase inverter is adjusted based on the generated output regulation parameters without changing the overall output target of the split-phase inverter. Instead, while maintaining the stability of target parameters such as AC output voltage and output frequency, the energy distribution method in the inverter bridge switching control process is changed to allow different Bus energy storage units to bear different levels of output energy. For example, by adjusting modulation control parameters, power distribution parameters, or switching drive strategies, the Bus energy storage units with higher energy states can be given different levels of output energy. The bus energy storage unit undertakes more energy output tasks during the corresponding output cycle, while the bus energy storage unit with a low energy state reduces energy output, thus forming an active balancing mechanism based on the output process. The adjusted output control signal controls the operation of the split-phase inverter, so that the two bus energy storage units participate in the AC output process according to the adjusted energy distribution relationship. During the operation of the split-phase inverter, since the positive half-cycle and the negative half-cycle correspond to different energy supply paths, different bus energy storage units will participate in the energy output of different half-cycles. By utilizing this inherent characteristic, by controlling the energy distribution relationship of the positive and negative half-cycles, different bus energy storage units can generate different discharge rates, achieving dynamic balancing without additional hardware.

[0028] For example, when the voltage of the upper bus energy storage unit is higher than that of the lower bus energy storage unit, the output control strategy is adjusted so that the upper bus energy storage unit undertakes more energy output over multiple output cycles, causing its energy state to gradually decrease and approach that of the lower bus energy storage unit. During the balancing control process, the bus imbalance information is continuously updated, and the balancing control quantity is adjusted in real time according to the new imbalance state, forming a closed-loop dynamic control mechanism. This means that fixed balancing parameters are not used for long-term control; instead, the state changes of the bus energy storage units are re-acquired in each control cycle, and the output control strategy is adjusted according to the actual balancing effect. For example, when the state difference between the two bus energy storage units gradually decreases, the balancing adjustment effect is reduced; when an increasing imbalance trend is detected, the balancing adjustment is increased. To enhance the adaptability of balanced control, an imbalance evolution trend prediction mechanism is introduced. By observing the changes in the Bus imbalance state over multiple consecutive control cycles, the potential energy shift direction of each Bus energy storage unit in the future is determined. Based on the predicted expected energy shift state, the energy distribution adjustment parameters are adjusted in advance. Unlike traditional control methods that only compensate after imbalance occurs, this approach adjusts the output energy distribution relationship of the split-phase inverter in advance before the imbalance further expands. For example, when the energy state of a certain Bus energy storage unit is detected to be continuously increasing and it is predicted that it will further deviate from the target state in subsequent cycles, the energy accumulation trend of that Bus energy storage unit is reduced in advance, and its energy release ratio is increased, thereby achieving the effect of actively suppressing the development of imbalance.

[0029] When the Bus imbalance information returns to the preset range, it indicates that the energy state between the two Bus energy storage units has reached the balance requirement. At this time, in order to avoid output disturbance caused by sudden exit of the balance control, the output adjustment parameter is gradually reduced to make the balance control effect decay smoothly. When the output adjustment parameter is reduced to the exit condition, the balance control mode is released, and the split-phase inverter returns to the normal output control state, thereby ensuring the stability of system operation. It does not rely on additional balance resistors, balance converters or energy transfer circuits, but utilizes the existing power conversion structure of the split-phase inverter itself to redistribute energy between Bus energy storage units by adjusting the output control process. Therefore, it can reduce the number of hardware, reduce system costs, improve system integration, and directly adjust the energy consumption ratio in the output process of the split-phase inverter, so that the Bus energy storage unit with a high state actively undertakes more output energy.

[0030] While achieving equalization, additional energy loss is avoided, improving overall operating efficiency. The equalization control parameters are dynamically corrected based on the current output state of the split-phase inverter, enabling the equalization process to adapt to different load conditions. This avoids the equalization control affecting AC output quality and improves the operational stability of the split-phase inverter. By continuously updating Bus imbalance information and adjusting the equalization control quantity according to real-time status, the equalization strategy can be automatically adjusted based on the actual changes in the Bus energy storage units, avoiding insufficient or excessive equalization caused by fixed control parameters. By analyzing the imbalance evolution trend and predicting future energy shift direction, the energy distribution relationship can be adjusted in advance before the imbalance reaches a severe state, shifting from traditional post-imbalance compensation to pre-imbalance suppression, reducing the possibility of Bus imbalance expansion, and improving dynamic equalization response speed. By reducing the long-term energy deviation between the two Bus energy storage units, midpoint drift, output fluctuations, and inconsistent device stress caused by Bus voltage imbalance can be reduced, improving the reliability and service life of the split-phase inverter during long-term operation.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the status information corresponding to each Bus energy storage unit is obtained, and the corresponding Bus imbalance information is obtained based on the status information, including: S101. Obtain Bus voltage, Bus current and charge / discharge change information corresponding to each Bus energy storage unit, and continuously sample Bus voltage, Bus current and charge / discharge change information based on a preset time window. S102. Based on the continuously sampled Bus voltage, Bus current and charging / discharging change information, obtain the real-time energy change status and energy change rate of each Bus energy storage unit. S103. Based on the real-time energy change status and energy change rate of each Bus energy storage unit, obtain the corresponding state deviation value and deviation change trend between each Bus energy storage unit. S104. Based on the state deviation value and the deviation change trend, obtain the corresponding Bus imbalance degree and imbalance development direction; S105. Based on the degree of bus imbalance and the direction of imbalance development, generate corresponding bus imbalance prediction results; S106. Compare the Bus imbalance prediction result with the preset imbalance condition. When the Bus imbalance prediction result meets the preset imbalance condition, generate the corresponding Bus imbalance information.

[0032] As described in steps S101 to S106 above, the energy storage object in the split-phase inverter is defined as a Bus energy storage unit, which is the energy storage capacitor on the DC bus. Figure 3 Capacitors C1 and C2, as shown, each correspond to a Bus energy storage unit. For example, in a split-phase inverter, two Bus capacitors connected in series form a DC bus energy support unit. The connection point between the two capacitors forms the bus midpoint, which serves as the basis for energy distribution in the split-phase output. The voltage sampling circuit at both ends of the DC bus acquires the terminal voltage information of each Bus energy storage unit. Simultaneously, the current detection unit acquires the current information of the corresponding Bus energy storage unit during charging or discharging. The charging and discharging state is determined by the change in current direction. A preset time window is introduced to limit the data acquisition and analysis cycle. The time window is generated by the timing module inside the controller and synchronized with the inverter's PWM switching cycle to ensure consistency between sampling and power conversion. Within this time window, the high-speed analog-to-digital conversion module periodically and continuously samples the Bus voltage, Bus current, and charging and discharging state to form time-series state data reflecting the dynamic characteristics of the energy storage unit. The energy state of each Bus energy storage unit is dynamically analyzed to characterize its current energy storage level and change process.

[0033] The energy level of the energy storage unit is characterized based on the voltage and current states at the sampling time, reflecting its current energy storage capacity. Simultaneously, the energy change rate is extracted by considering the differences between adjacent sampling times to reflect the charging and discharging speed and trend of the energy storage unit. When the voltage of the Bus energy storage unit continuously rises, it indicates that it is in a charging state; when the voltage continuously falls, it indicates that it is in a discharging state. By continuously tracking this change process, the real-time energy change state and its dynamic change rate of each Bus energy storage unit are obtained. The real-time energy states of each Bus energy storage unit are compared and analyzed to determine the degree of difference between energy storage units with higher and lower energy levels, forming a state deviation value. Based on the state deviation change process within a continuous time window, the deviation change trend is extracted to indicate whether the difference is widening or narrowing. When the deviation gradually increases, it indicates that the energy distribution imbalance is intensifying; when the deviation gradually decreases, it indicates a return to equilibrium. A comprehensive assessment of the overall imbalance state of the Bus energy storage units is then conducted to obtain the degree of imbalance and the direction of its development.

[0034] The imbalance degree is used to characterize the severity of the current uneven energy distribution. This index is obtained by standardizing the state deviation to reflect the level of energy imbalance among the various Bus energy storage units. The development direction of the imbalance is judged based on the trend of deviation changes. When the deviation continues to increase, it is judged as the direction of imbalance aggravation. When the deviation gradually decreases, it is judged as the direction of convergence. This method realizes the dynamic classification of the imbalance state. Combined with the imbalance change data in multiple historical time windows, the trend of the imbalance evolution process is extended to judge the future development path of the imbalance state. When the historical data shows a continuous growth trend, the imbalance is predicted to continue to expand. When the historical data shows a convergence trend, it is predicted to tend to stabilize. Through this prediction mechanism, not only is the current state reflected, but also the potential imbalance risks in the future can be identified in advance, thereby improving the foresight of the control. The Bus imbalance prediction results are compared with the preset imbalance conditions, which are used to limit the maximum allowable energy imbalance range and its changing trend constraints.

[0035] When the prediction result exceeds the preset range or shows a continuous deterioration trend, it is determined that the current Bus energy storage unit is in an unbalanced state, and corresponding Bus imbalance information is generated. This Bus imbalance information is used to identify the unbalanced energy storage unit, the degree of imbalance, and the direction of imbalance development. It realizes continuous monitoring, dynamic analysis, and trend prediction of Bus energy storage units in split-phase inverters. It can achieve imbalance identification and early warning without relying on additional hardware equalization circuits. It can capture instantaneous state and long-term change trend at the same time, improve the accuracy and robustness of imbalance judgment, and has the ability to predict in advance, thereby avoiding the lag problem caused by traditional methods that only rely on instantaneous threshold judgment.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, when the bus imbalance information exceeds a preset range, bus balancing control is initiated, and a corresponding balancing control quantity is generated based on the bus imbalance information, including: S201. Obtain the degree of bus imbalance and the direction of imbalance development corresponding to the bus imbalance information, and obtain the imbalance change trend corresponding to the bus imbalance information within the continuous control cycle. S202. Obtain the corresponding imbalance evolution state based on the degree of imbalance, the direction of imbalance development, and the trend of imbalance change of Bus. S203. Compare the imbalance evolution state with the preset equilibrium triggering condition. When the imbalance evolution state meets the preset equilibrium triggering condition, start the corresponding Bus equilibrium control mode. S204. Obtain the corresponding target Bus energy storage unit according to the direction of imbalance development, and obtain the corresponding equilibrium response priority according to the trend of imbalance change; S205. Based on the degree of Bus imbalance and the priority of the equilibrium response, obtain the corresponding equilibrium adjustment intensity and adjustment rate. S206. Generate the corresponding balance control quantity based on the balance adjustment intensity and the rate of change of adjustment.

[0037] As described in steps S201 to S206 above, the degree of imbalance and the direction of imbalance development for each Bus energy storage unit are extracted from the Bus imbalance information. The degree of imbalance reflects the level of uneven energy distribution among the Bus energy storage units, and the direction of imbalance development characterizes whether the system imbalance is intensifying or tending towards equilibrium. In order to obtain the trend of imbalance change within a continuous control cycle, the energy state difference of each Bus energy storage unit in multiple consecutive sampling cycles is recorded. By comparing the state change between each cycle, the trend of imbalance deviation is determined.

[0038] For example, a continuously increasing deviation indicates an escalating imbalance, while a decreasing deviation indicates gradual equilibration. By storing energy state information within several control cycles through a data buffer and performing trend analysis using the difference change sequence, the imbalance development trend of each Bus energy storage unit at the current stage can be obtained. This allows for the identification of the current degree of imbalance and the clarification of the direction of imbalance change, avoiding the response delay caused by relying solely on single-point threshold judgments in traditional methods. This enables proactive control startup. By comprehensively processing the degree of SBus imbalance, the direction of imbalance development, and the trend of imbalance change, the Bus imbalance evolution state is generated. The imbalance evolution state refers to the dynamic representation of the current imbalance in the time dimension, including categories such as imbalance escalation, imbalance mitigation, or basic stability.

[0039] For example, if the energy deviation between Bus energy storage units increases continuously for three consecutive cycles and the increase exceeds a preset sensitivity threshold, the imbalance evolution state is determined to be rapidly escalating. If the deviation fluctuation range fluctuates within a small range, it is determined to be a slight fluctuation. By classifying and summarizing the deviation values ​​and trends of different Bus energy storage units, an overall imbalance evolution state is formed, so that the balance control is activated only when necessary, reducing unnecessary adjustment actions, improving control efficiency and energy storage unit lifespan. The imbalance evolution state is compared with the preset balance triggering conditions, which are defined by the control strategy and include the maximum allowable energy deviation threshold of the Bus energy storage unit, the duration of the deviation, and the rate of imbalance escalation.

[0040] For example, preset conditions can be defined as triggering equalization when the energy deviation exceeds 5% and continues to increase for three consecutive sampling periods. The current imbalance evolution state is logically matched with these conditions. If the evolution state meets the trigger conditions, the corresponding Bus equalization control mode is automatically activated to intervene in the energy distribution, achieve balance adjustment of the energy storage units, avoid frequent switching operations and over-adjustment, and ensure timely response when the imbalance exceeds the acceptable range. Based on the direction of imbalance development, the target Bus energy storage units that need to be prioritized for adjustment are determined. For example, if the imbalance evolution state indicates that the energy of the first Bus energy storage unit is higher than that of other units and continues to increase, then this unit is selected as the target adjustment object. At the same time, each target Bus energy storage unit is allocated based on the imbalance change trend. The equalization response priority, i.e. the order and intensity of adjustment, assigns high priority to a Bus energy storage unit whose deviation increases rapidly, and low priority to units whose deviation changes slowly. Priority information can be generated by internal control logic and used as weighting coefficients in equalization adjustment calculations, thereby forming a hierarchical adjustment strategy to achieve differentiated adjustment of different energy storage units, improve equalization control accuracy and energy distribution efficiency. Based on the degree of Bus imbalance and equalization response priority, the equalization adjustment intensity and adjustment change rate required for each target Bus energy storage unit are obtained. The equalization adjustment intensity is used to reflect the energy that the Bus energy storage unit needs to adjust in this control cycle, while the adjustment change rate is used to limit the smoothness of the adjustment process and prevent inverter output fluctuations caused by excessively rapid adjustment.

[0041] For example, if the target Bus energy storage unit has a large energy deviation and high priority, a larger regulation intensity will be set, and a moderate rate of change will be selected to balance response speed and output stability. The regulation intensity and rate can be obtained by linear or nonlinear mapping of historical sampling data with the current deviation value, and used as the basic parameters for generating the equalization control quantity. This can quickly respond to imbalance, avoid excessive impact, extend the life of the energy storage unit, and maintain output stability. The controller maps the regulation intensity to the change in the proportion of output current of each Bus energy storage unit in the positive and negative half-cycles, and combines it with the rate of change of regulation for smooth transition, thereby forming a continuous control signal. The generated equalization control quantity is used to update the PWM duty cycle, modulation reference wave, and carrier phase parameters, so that the inverter adjusts the output energy distribution according to the equalization strategy in the next control cycle, thereby accelerating or slowing down the output of the target Bus energy storage unit to reduce the energy deviation with other Bus energy storage units. This realizes a closed-loop operation from imbalance identification to control execution, and dynamic equalization can be completed without additional hardware, improving the overall stability of the split-phase inverter and the utilization efficiency of the energy storage unit.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the output state information corresponding to the split-phase inverter is obtained, and the equalization control quantity is adjusted according to the output state information to obtain the corresponding output adjustment parameters, including: S301. Obtain the output voltage, output current, and inter-phase load distribution information of the split-phase inverter; S302. Obtain the corresponding output status information based on the output voltage, output current, and phase-to-phase load distribution information; S303. Obtain the load imbalance degree and output fluctuation status of the split-phase inverter based on the output status information; S304. Based on the degree of load imbalance and output fluctuation status, and in conjunction with the balancing control quantity, obtain the corresponding output adjustment parameters.

[0043] As described in steps S301 to S304 above, the output terminals of the split-phase inverter are subjected to multi-dimensional status acquisition to obtain output voltage, output current, and inter-phase load distribution information. The split-phase inverter typically includes two AC output terminals with opposite phases, such as phase L1 and phase L2, which form a split-phase power supply structure through a 180° phase difference. The output voltage is acquired in real time through an AC output terminal voltage sampling circuit, with the sampling point set at the load-side output terminal to reflect the actual power supply voltage level. The output current is acquired through a current transformer or Hall current sensor to reflect the load consumption of each phase. The inter-phase load distribution information is obtained by comparing the current amplitude and power consumption of phase L1 and phase L2.

[0044] For example, when the current in phase L1 is significantly greater than that in phase L2, it is determined that there is an unbalanced load distribution between the two phases. For instance, at a certain moment, phase L1 is connected to a 2kW load, while phase L2 is connected to only a 0.5kW load. The current difference directly reflects the uneven load distribution. By comprehensively processing voltage stability, current amplitude changes, and inter-phase power distribution, a state description model reflecting the current inverter operating condition is constructed. For example, when the output voltage remains stable but the current in one phase continues to rise, this state is marked as a single-phase heavy load state. When the output voltage fluctuates periodically and the current difference between the two phases is large, it is marked as a dynamic unbalanced state. The output state information not only includes physical quantity data but also a structured description of the operating condition. Based on the output state information, the degree of load imbalance and output fluctuation state are extracted. The degree of load imbalance is used to characterize the severity of the load distribution difference between two or more phases, which is obtained by comparing the output current and power ratio of each phase.

[0045] For example, when the output power of phase L1 is significantly higher than that of phase L2, the load imbalance is considered to be high. The output fluctuation state is used to characterize the output stability. It is obtained by analyzing the changes in the output voltage and output current within a continuous control cycle. For example, when the output voltage changes frequently in a short period of time or the current has obvious pulsations, it is considered a high fluctuation state, and vice versa. It can simultaneously identify load distribution problems and output stability problems. Based on the load imbalance and output fluctuation state, and combined with the equalization control quantity generated in the previous stage, the output adjustment parameters are comprehensively generated. The output adjustment parameters are used to directly adjust the control behavior of the split-phase inverter, including the bias adjustment parameters in the modulation reference wave, the PWM duty cycle allocation parameters, and the PWM carrier phase adjustment parameters. When the load imbalance is high, the bias adjustment parameters are enhanced to redistribute energy in different half-cycle outputs. When the output fluctuation state is obvious, the PWM duty cycle allocation parameters and carrier phase parameters are adjusted first to suppress output disturbances and improve stability.

[0046] For example, under heavy load conditions on phase L1, the energy release ratio of the corresponding half-cycle is increased, and the current distribution is optimized by adjusting the carrier phase. This achieves dynamic load balance without changing the output frequency and rated voltage. The output status information is introduced into the equalization control loop, so that the Bus equalization control no longer relies solely on DC side voltage information, but combines AC output status to achieve coordinated regulation of energy storage and load, improving control accuracy. By jointly adjusting the PWM duty cycle and carrier phase, transient fluctuations are suppressed without changing the output frequency and rated voltage, improving the output power quality. By linking the output status information with the equalization control quantity, the control parameters can be adjusted in real time according to load changes, avoiding the response lag problem caused by traditional fixed parameter control.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, based on the Bus unit status information, the energy output ratio of each Bus energy storage unit during the positive and negative half-cycles of the phase-splitting inverter is determined, and the energy distribution difference between each Bus energy storage unit is obtained. Combined with the output adjustment parameters, the output control signal of the phase-splitting inverter is adjusted to obtain the adjusted output control signal, including: S401. Obtain the output current, output voltage and energy consumption information corresponding to each Bus energy storage unit, and generate the corresponding Bus unit status information based on the output current, output voltage and energy consumption information. S402. Based on the Bus unit status information, obtain the energy output ratio of each Bus energy storage unit in the positive half-cycle and the negative half-cycle, and obtain the energy distribution difference between each Bus energy storage unit. S403. Obtain the target Bus energy storage unit based on the energy distribution difference. S404. Obtain the energy deviation between the energy output ratio of the target Bus energy storage unit and the preset benchmark energy ratio, and use it as the state deviation value. S405. Based on the output adjustment parameters and state deviation values, adjust the waveform parameters of the modulation reference wave of the split-phase inverter within different output half-cycles to obtain the adjusted waveform parameters. S406. Update the PWM control signal according to the adjusted waveform parameters, and generate the corresponding adjusted output control signal based on the updated PWM control signal and carrier control signal.

[0048] As described in steps S401 to S406 above, multi-dimensional status acquisition is performed on each Bus energy storage unit. Real-time output current information is acquired by a current sensor installed on the Bus energy storage unit, and the DC voltage of each Bus energy storage unit is obtained through a voltage sampling circuit. Energy consumption information is obtained by integrating the voltage and current over the sampling period. For example, the instantaneous power within the sampling period is accumulated to obtain the energy output of each Bus energy storage unit in the current period. This is then fused to generate Bus unit status information, which includes the current energy output level, voltage change trend, current change trend, and energy consumption rate of the Bus energy storage unit.

[0049] For example, if Bus1 has a voltage of 400V and a current of 5A, the energy consumption, after integration, is 20Wh, while Bus2 has a voltage of 395V and a current of 4A, with an energy consumption of 16Wh. The energy output levels and trends of Bus1 and Bus2 are then encapsulated as their respective state information. Using this bus unit state information, the energy distribution of each bus energy storage unit during the output cycle can be obtained. Since the split-phase inverter is powered by different bus energy storage units during the positive and negative half-cycles, the energy output of each bus energy storage unit during the positive and negative half-cycles can be accumulated within the sampling period to obtain the energy output of each bus energy storage unit during the positive and negative half-cycles. The output ratio is calculated by comparing the output ratios of each Bus energy storage unit to obtain the energy distribution difference. For example, if Bus1 outputs 12Wh in the positive half-cycle and 8Wh in the negative half-cycle, while Bus2 outputs 7Wh in the positive half-cycle and 9Wh in the negative half-cycle, then the energy distribution difference is the difference in the output ratios of Bus1 and Bus2. This difference quantitatively reflects the degree of energy imbalance in the current Buses. Based on the energy distribution difference, the target Bus energy storage unit that needs to be adjusted first is determined. Usually, the Bus with the highest energy output ratio is selected as the target unit for adjustment because this unit has the greatest impact on the imbalance of the total energy distribution.

[0050] For example, Bus1 has the highest output proportion during the positive half-cycle, so it is identified as the target Bus energy storage unit. Subsequent adjustments will mainly target Bus1 to reduce the impact of its high output on the balance. The energy output proportion of the target Bus energy storage unit is obtained and compared with the preset reference energy proportion to obtain the energy deviation, which is used as the state deviation value. For example, if the preset reference energy proportion is 50% and the actual output proportion of Bus1 during the positive half-cycle is 60%, then the deviation is 10%. This deviation reflects the deviation of the current Bus energy storage unit output from the target and serves as the core input for adjustment control. It is used to determine the optimization direction of the modulation waveform adjustment amplitude and PWM duty cycle. Based on the state deviation value, the energy offset direction between the two Bus energy storage units and the corresponding adjustment requirements are determined. Since split-phase inverters typically use two series-connected Bus capacitors to form a DC bus energy storage structure, the connection point between the two Bus capacitors serves as the midpoint of the DC bus and participates in the energy supply of the positive and negative half-cycles of the AC output, respectively. Therefore, by adjusting the modulation reference wave parameters corresponding to different output half-cycles, the energy consumption ratio of the two Bus energy storage units during the output process can be changed.

[0051] When a high energy state is detected in a certain Bus energy storage unit, it indicates that the unit has accumulated a significant amount of energy during the current operating cycle. Therefore, based on the output adjustment parameters, the modulation reference amplitude or the reference bias for that half-cycle is increased. This raises the conduction probability of the inverter bridge switching devices within that half-cycle, thereby increasing the energy release rate of that Bus energy storage unit. Simultaneously, the modulation reference amplitude for the other Bus energy storage unit's corresponding output half-cycle is reduced, decreasing its energy consumption and thus improving the efficiency of the two Bus energy storage units. The energy states of the energy storage units gradually become consistent. For example, when the voltage of the upper Bus capacitor is detected to be higher than that of the lower Bus capacitor, and the positive half-cycle energy output ratio of the upper Bus capacitor is higher, a corresponding adjustment amount is generated based on the state deviation value. The positive half-cycle modulation reference amplitude value is adjusted from the original 0.8 to 0.85 to increase the positive half-cycle energy output ratio, while the negative half-cycle modulation reference amplitude value is adjusted from 0.8 to 0.75 to reduce the negative half-cycle energy output ratio, so as to achieve the redistribution of the energy release rate of the two Bus energy storage units.

[0052] During the adjustment process, the output adjustment parameters can be set in stages according to the degree of state deviation. For example, when the energy deviation between the two Bus energy storage units is small, only a small offset adjustment is made to the modulation reference wave. When the energy deviation continues to increase, the adjustment range of the reference wave amplitude is increased to enhance the equalization response speed. At the same time, to avoid affecting the AC output quality of the split-phase inverter, the target parameters such as output voltage amplitude and frequency remain basically unchanged during the adjustment process. Only the energy distribution relationship within the positive and negative half-cycles is changed. After adjustment, the adjusted waveform parameters are generated, including the positive half-cycle modulation amplitude parameters, the negative half-cycle modulation amplitude parameters, the reference wave offset parameters, and the phase adjustment parameters. These waveform parameters are used to generate subsequent PWM control signals, enabling the split-phase inverter to actively adjust the energy flow direction according to the real-time state of the Bus energy storage units. This achieves dynamic Bus equalization control without adding additional equalization hardware, without changing the hardware topology or adding additional power devices. Active energy regulation between two Bus energy storage units can prevent the Bus voltage deviation from expanding continuously, improve the stability of the DC bus midpoint, reduce the risk of inverter output fluctuations, and enhance the reliability and adaptability of the split-phase inverter during long-term operation. Based on the regulated waveform parameters, the PWM control signal is updated, including changing the PWM duty cycle and carrier phase, to form a new PWM pulse sequence. Simultaneously, the updated PWM signal is superimposed with the original carrier control signal to generate a regulated output control signal, which is directly used to drive the inverter bridge switching devices to achieve real-time adjustment of output voltage, current, and energy output. Through continuous iterative updates, the energy output of each Bus energy storage unit can be continuously optimized within multiple control cycles, achieving fine control of the split-phase inverter output. The regulated output control signal can smooth the energy output of the positive and negative half cycles, reduce transient fluctuations and harmonic content, and ensure the stable operation of the split-phase inverter under complex load conditions.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the phase-splitting inverter is controlled based on the regulated output control signal, and dynamic balancing is performed on each Bus energy storage unit, including: S501. Based on the adjusted output control signal, the inverter bridge switching devices of the split-phase inverter are driven to operate according to the corresponding PWM timing, so that the split-phase inverter enters the split-phase output working state. S502. In the split-phase output working state, based on the output power supply paths of the positive half-cycle and the negative half-cycle, different Bus energy storage units participate in the energy output process of the corresponding half-cycle, forming a periodic alternating discharge mechanism. S503. Under the periodic alternating discharge mechanism, continuously acquire the output voltage change and output current change of each Bus energy storage unit, and update the energy state information of each Bus energy storage unit according to the output voltage change and output current change. S504. Based on the updated energy state information, obtain the energy output ratio of each Bus energy storage unit and the distribution difference in different output half-cycles to obtain the dynamic energy allocation offset. S505. Based on the dynamic energy distribution offset and the preset state deviation threshold, the discharge path corresponding to each Bus energy storage unit is adaptively adjusted. S506. Through the adaptively adjusted PWM drive process, the discharge rate distribution of each Bus energy storage unit is continuously adjusted by the split-phase inverter in multiple control cycles, thereby achieving dynamic balance of energy state among each Bus energy storage unit.

[0054] As described in steps S501 to S506 above, the adjusted output control signal is used to drive the inverter bridge switching devices of the split-phase inverter, including power MOSFETs or IGBT devices. The switching of each device is controlled according to the timing of the adjusted PWM signal to accurately match the output demand of the current half-cycle. For example, in the positive half-cycle, the PWM signal controls the upper bridge arm switching device to turn on according to the duty cycle, while the lower bridge arm turns off accordingly, ensuring that the current flows from the designated Bus energy storage unit to the load. By continuously adjusting the PWM duty cycle and pulse phase, the inverter bridge enters the split-phase output working state, realizing the accurate generation of the split-phase output voltage waveform, ensuring that the output energy of each Bus energy storage unit in its corresponding half-cycle is dynamically distributed according to the preset adjustment. In the split-phase output working state, the output power supply paths for the positive and negative half-cycles are constructed. The power supply path refers to the flow route of energy between the inverter bridge, the capacitor Bus, and the load.

[0055] For example, during the positive half-cycle, Bus1 supplies energy to the load through the upper bridge arm, while Bus2 supplies energy through the lower bridge arm during the negative half-cycle. By adjusting the PWM turn-on timing and the weighting of the bridge arm switches, different Bus energy storage units alternately participate in energy output, forming a periodic alternating discharge mechanism. This ensures that each Bus energy storage unit takes turns supplying main power during the continuous output cycle, thereby avoiding excessive energy consumption or accumulated deviation in a single Bus energy storage unit. Under the periodic alternating discharge mechanism, the output voltage and output current changes of each Bus energy storage unit are continuously collected. The voltage change is obtained through a voltage sampling circuit, for example, continuously sampling each... The sampling time is measured every millisecond, and the trend of change is compared with the previous sampling value. The current change is collected by a current sensor. The collected voltage and current changes are integrated and analyzed in conjunction with the sampling time to update the energy state information of each Bus energy storage unit. For example, the output energy in the current cycle is obtained by multiplying the accumulated current and voltage, and combined with the state of the previous cycle to form real-time energy state information. Based on the updated energy state information, the energy output ratio of each Bus energy storage unit in the positive and negative half-cycles is obtained. At the same time, the output differences of each Bus energy storage unit in different half-cycles are compared horizontally to obtain the dynamic energy allocation offset.

[0056] For example, if Bus1 outputs 60Wh during the positive half-cycle and Bus2 outputs 50Wh, the dynamic energy allocation offset is 10Wh higher for Bus1 than for Bus2. This offset quantifies the degree of output imbalance of the current Bus energy storage units. The dynamic energy allocation offset is compared with a preset state deviation threshold, which can be set according to system design parameters and safe operating conditions, such as 5% of the total output energy. When the dynamic offset exceeds the threshold, the discharge path of the corresponding Bus energy storage unit is adaptively adjusted. That is, by adjusting the PWM conduction weight and duty cycle, the Bus energy storage unit with an energy output ratio higher than the reference value obtains a higher load current conduction weight in its corresponding half-cycle, thereby accelerating the energy consumption rate of the high-output Bus energy storage unit and reducing energy deviation. For example, if Bus1 is too high, the conduction duty cycle of Bus1 during the positive half-cycle is increased. By appropriately reducing the duty cycle of Bus2, output balance is achieved. Through an adaptive PWM regulation process, the discharge rate distribution of each Bus energy storage unit is continuously adjusted within multiple control cycles. Within each control cycle, the current, voltage, and energy state information output by the Bus energy storage unit are updated in real time and fed back to the regulation module, forming a closed-loop control. After continuous iteration, the energy state among the Bus energy storage units gradually tends to be balanced, ensuring that the split-phase inverter maintains stable and balanced energy output under different load conditions, and avoiding system instability caused by over-discharge or energy accumulation of a single Bus energy storage unit. Dynamic monitoring of output voltage and current changes enables adaptive PWM regulation, which can quickly respond to load fluctuations or Bus energy deviations, reduce delay and overshoot. The regulated PWM drive can reduce voltage fluctuations and output harmonic content, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the split-phase inverter under complex load conditions.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, the Bus imbalance information is continuously updated during the operation of the split-phase inverter. Combined with the imbalance change trend of historical control cycles, real-time balancing parameters are obtained, and the balancing control quantity is adjusted, including: S601. During the operation of the split-phase inverter, continuously update the Bus imbalance information and obtain the updated Bus imbalance status. S602. Based on the updated Bus imbalance state and combined with the imbalance change trend of historical control cycles, obtain the predicted energy deviation value of each Bus energy storage unit. S603. Compare the predicted energy deviation with the preset energy balance target to generate the balance control coefficient; S604. Obtain real-time equalization control parameters based on equalization control coefficients. The real-time equalization control parameters include the PWM duty cycle, modulation reference wave bias component, and carrier phase parameters of the output control signal of the phase split inverter. S605. Adjust the equalization control quantity based on real-time equalization control parameters.

[0058] As described in steps S601 to S605 above, the state of the Bus energy storage unit is periodically refreshed and sampled during the continuous operation of the split-phase inverter to form continuously updated Bus imbalance information. This Bus imbalance information originates from real-time monitoring of the voltage, current, and energy changes of each Bus capacitor and is discretized through a control cycle. For example, after each PWM control cycle (e.g., 50μs to 100μs), a Bus state snapshot is recorded, including Bus voltage differences and energy output differences, forming an updated Bus imbalance state sequence. This enables dynamic tracking of the imbalance state. Historical control cycle data is introduced to describe the evolution trend. Historical control cycles refer to multiple consecutive control cycles completed before the current moment. The set of PWM control cycles, such as the most recent 200 control cycles, constitutes a historical cycle window. By analyzing the changes in the Bus imbalance state within this window, the imbalance trend is extracted, including the imbalance growth rate or decay rate. Based on the currently updated Bus imbalance state and historical trend data, the future state of each Bus energy storage unit is predicted, resulting in an energy deviation prediction value. For example, if the voltage of Bus1 has been consistently higher than that of Bus2 for several past cycles and the difference has gradually widened, it is predicted that Bus1 will continue to show an upward deviation trend in the next control stage, thus deriving its energy deviation prediction value for early intervention. The energy deviation prediction value is compared with a preset energy balance target, which is used to define the Bus... The ideal equilibrium state between energy storage units, such as zero voltage difference between two Bus capacitors or equal energy output, is achieved when the predicted value deviates from the target. An equilibrium control coefficient is generated based on the degree of deviation. This coefficient quantifies the control strength, and its generation is typically related to the deviation magnitude and trend. For example, when the predicted deviation is small and tends to stabilize, the control coefficient is low; when the predicted deviation continues to increase, the control coefficient automatically increases, thereby enhancing subsequent adjustment and achieving adaptive control strength allocation. Based on the equilibrium control coefficient, real-time equilibrium control parameters are generated to directly act on the modulation stage of the split-phase inverter. These control parameters include PWM duty cycle adjustment, modulation reference wave bias component, and carrier phase correction. For example, when a certain B... When the energy storage unit's energy is too high, the corresponding half-cycle PWM duty cycle is increased to prolong its discharge time. Simultaneously, a slight bias is introduced into the modulation reference wave, tilting the output voltage distribution towards this bus, thereby altering the energy flow. If necessary, the carrier phase is fine-tuned to optimize the switching timing, achieving more precise energy regulation. These parameters collectively constitute the real-time equalization control parameters, used to precisely control the inverter's output behavior. The equalization control quantity is dynamically updated using these parameters, giving it time-adaptive characteristics. The equalization control quantity is no longer a fixed value but is corrected in each control cycle based on the real-time control parameters. For example, when an increasing imbalance trend is detected, the control quantity automatically increases; when it stabilizes, the control quantity gradually decreases.By coordinating the adjustment of multiple parameters, including PWM duty cycle, modulation bias, and carrier phase, the fine-grained control capability of energy regulation is improved, oscillation and overshoot are reduced, and the control quantity is dynamically adjusted according to the operating state without manual intervention. This achieves automatic balancing optimization under long-term stable operation, effectively suppressing the risk of overvoltage or undervoltage caused by long-term imbalance of the bus capacitor, and improving reliability and lifespan under complex load conditions.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, the imbalance evolution trend is obtained, the corresponding expected energy shift state is determined, and the energy allocation adjustment parameters are predictively adjusted based on the expected energy shift state, including: S701. After implementing Bus balance control by adjusting the balance control quantity according to the updated Bus imbalance information, obtain the Bus imbalance information change sequence within multiple consecutive control cycles. S702. Determine the direction and rate of imbalance change for each Bus energy storage unit based on the Bus imbalance information change sequence. S703. Obtain the corresponding imbalance evolution trend based on the direction and rate of imbalance change; S704. Based on the imbalance evolution trend, determine the expected energy offset state of each Bus energy storage unit in the next control cycle. S705. Based on the expected energy offset state, determine the expected energy distribution change information between each Bus energy storage unit; S706. Based on the expected changes in energy distribution, the current equilibrium control quantity is corrected in advance to generate predictive adjustment parameters; S707. Adjust the output control process of the split-phase inverter according to the predictive adjustment parameters.

[0060] As described in steps S701 to S707 above, after the balancing control quantity is adjusted and applied to the operation of the split-phase inverter, the monitoring of the Bus energy storage unit status does not immediately end. Instead, the operating status of each Bus energy storage unit is continuously acquired during the execution of the balancing control to determine the effect of the current balancing control on the Bus imbalance state and whether there is a risk of further expansion of the imbalance. During the operation of the split-phase inverter, the status of each Bus energy storage unit is collected according to a preset control cycle. The Bus energy storage unit can be a Bus capacitor set on the DC bus side of the split-phase inverter. For example, the split-phase inverter includes a DC bus, two Bus capacitors connected in series, an inverter bridge, and two AC output terminals. The connection point between the two Bus capacitors serves as the midpoint of the DC bus. Each Bus capacitor is responsible for supplying energy during the positive and negative half-cycles of the output process. The voltage value across each Bus capacitor is collected through a voltage sampling circuit, and the charging and discharging current flowing through the corresponding Bus capacitor is obtained through a current detection module. The energy change of each Bus energy storage unit is determined by combining the charging and discharging direction within the current control cycle. For example, if the voltage of the upper Bus capacitor is 220V and the voltage of the lower Bus capacitor is 205V in a certain control cycle, there is a 15V state deviation between the two. Data is collected continuously in subsequent control cycles, such as for 100 consecutive control cycles. The Bus imbalance degree corresponding to each control cycle is arranged in chronological order to form a Bus imbalance information change sequence. The number of consecutive control cycles can be set according to the dynamic response speed of the split-phase inverter.

[0061] For example, the control cycles can be set to 50-200. In this embodiment, 100 control cycles can be selected as the trend analysis window to ensure that the trend of Bus state changes is reflected while avoiding control response lag due to excessively long sampling cycles. This allows for the acquisition of the continuous state change process after the implementation of balanced control, rather than relying solely on Bus imbalance information at a single moment. The Bus imbalance states between adjacent control cycles are compared to determine the imbalance change in the current control cycle relative to the previous control cycle. For example, if the continuously detected Bus imbalance states are 12V, 12.5V, 13V, and 13.5V, it indicates that the state difference between the two Bus energy storage units is continuously increasing, and the current imbalance change direction is determined to be the direction of expansion. If the detection results are 12V, 11.5V, 11V, and 10.5V, it indicates that the state difference is gradually decreasing, and the imbalance change direction is determined to be the direction of convergence. Based on multiple control cycles... The magnitude of the imbalance change determines the rate of change. For example, if the Bus imbalance increases from 10V to 15V within 100 control cycles, it indicates that the imbalance level has increased by 5V during this period. The average rate of change is determined based on the number of control cycles and used as the imbalance rate information. To avoid misjudgment caused by a single load change, a comprehensive judgment method using multiple consecutive sampling points is adopted. For example, data from the most recent 20 control cycles are selected for average trend analysis. Only when the imbalance continuously increases beyond the preset range within 20 cycles is it considered to be in an effective expansion trend. By determining the direction and rate of imbalance change, it is possible to distinguish whether the current Bus imbalance is in a stable state, a slowly changing state, or a rapidly deteriorating state. The imbalance evolution trend is used to describe the possible development direction of the current Bus energy storage unit state deviation in future control cycles. It not only considers the magnitude of the current state deviation but also combines the direction and rate of imbalance change for comprehensive judgment.

[0062] For example, if a 10V state deviation is detected between two Bus energy storage units, and the deviation increases by 0.05V per cycle for several consecutive control cycles, it indicates that the current imbalance has a continuously expanding trend. If the deviation is 10V but the rate of change gradually decreases, it is judged as a trend towards stabilization. If the deviation continues to decrease, it is judged as a recovery trend. An imbalance trend classification rule is established based on historical operating data. For example, by collecting operating data of the split-phase inverter under different load conditions, if it is found that the Bus imbalance increases by more than 5V within 50 consecutive control cycles, it is considered that the state corresponds to... The trend of rapid expansion is defined as follows: when the increase is less than 1V, it is considered a stable trend; when the continuous decrease exceeds a certain range, it is considered a convergent trend. The trend judgment result is used to describe the future direction of Bus state change, rather than simply indicating the current degree of imbalance. Therefore, it enables the equalization control to shift from passive response to active prediction. By combining the current energy state of the Bus energy storage unit, the historical direction of change, and the effect of the current equalization control, the direction of energy change of each Bus energy storage unit in the next control cycle is judged. For example, during the operation of the split-phase inverter, the current voltage of the upper Bus capacitor is 2V. If the current voltage of the lower Bus capacitor is 200V, and the voltage of the upper Bus capacitor is continuously increasing while the voltage of the lower Bus capacitor is continuously decreasing for multiple consecutive cycles, then it is determined that the upper Bus capacitor still has an energy trend of being too high and the lower Bus capacitor has an energy trend of being too low in the next control cycle. This determines the positive energy shift state for the upper Bus energy storage unit and the negative energy shift state for the lower Bus energy storage unit. The expected energy shift state can be obtained based on historical sampling data and the current equalization effect. For example, when the energy state of a certain Bus energy storage unit is... If the energy state increases, it is judged that the upward trend may continue in the future. If it stabilizes for 10 consecutive cycles, it is judged that the energy state will remain stable in the future. By predicting the energy shift state in the next cycle, the possible direction of imbalance can be known in advance. When it is predicted that the energy state of a certain Bus energy storage unit will continue to rise in the future, it is necessary to increase the proportion of energy release in the output process of the Bus energy storage unit so that it can reduce energy accumulation through load consumption. When it is predicted that the energy state of a certain Bus energy storage unit will continue to decrease in the future, it is necessary to reduce the proportion of energy output of the Bus energy storage unit to reduce its further downward trend.

[0063] For example, if it is predicted that the upper bus capacitor will continue to increase in the next control cycle while the lower bus capacitor continues to decrease, then it is determined that the energy output ratio corresponding to the upper bus capacitor's half-cycle needs to be increased in the subsequent output process, while the energy output ratio corresponding to the lower bus capacitor's half-cycle needs to be decreased. The specific adjustment range can be determined based on the rated power of the split-phase inverter. For example, for an inverter with a rated output power of 10kW, the single energy distribution adjustment range can be set to 2% to 10% of the rated power to avoid excessive adjustment causing output disturbance. The predicted state change trend is converted into a specific energy distribution adjustment target, so that the prediction results can be directly used in the inverter. The control no longer waits for the bus imbalance to reach a significant level before compensation. Instead, it proactively adjusts the current equalization control strategy when a potential future energy shift trend is detected. For example, if the current equalization control only requires increasing the energy output ratio of a certain bus energy storage unit by 5%, but trend prediction indicates that the unit will continue to increase its output, the adjustment ratio is increased to 8% to allow it to release more energy in advance. Conversely, if the predicted imbalance trend is weakening, the adjustment ratio is reduced, for example, from 5% to 2%. Predictive adjustment parameters can include PWM duty cycle adjustment parameters, modulation reference wave offset adjustment parameters, and load... Parameters such as wave phase adjustment are used, with the adjustment range determined according to the stable operation requirements of the split-phase inverter. For example, the single adjustment range of the PWM duty cycle is controlled between 0.5% and 10% to avoid excessive adjustment causing changes in the output waveform. By pre-correcting the equalization control quantity, the split-phase inverter can complete the energy distribution adjustment before the imbalance expands, improving the equalization response speed. The duty ratio of the PWM control signal, the modulation reference wave offset, or the carrier phase relationship are adjusted according to the predictive adjustment parameters, so that the split-phase inverter can change the energy output relationship corresponding to the positive and negative half cycles while maintaining the basic stability of the AC output target parameters. For example, when predicting the upper bus... When the energy of the capacitor continues to increase in the future, the PWM control signal is adjusted in advance to increase the proportion of time that the upper Bus capacitor participates in the output process, thereby increasing its energy consumption rate. When it is predicted that the energy of the lower Bus capacitor is insufficient, its corresponding output ratio is reduced to restore its energy state. After multiple control cycles of adjustment, the energy state between the two Bus energy storage units gradually becomes consistent, realizing predictive dynamic balance control without the need for additional hardware. The split-phase inverter can not only compensate when the Bus is already unbalanced, but also adjust the energy distribution relationship in advance according to the imbalance development trend, effectively reducing the probability of imbalance expansion and improving long-term operational stability.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment, when the bus imbalance information recovers to a preset range, the output adjustment parameter is reduced and the bus equalization control is exited, including: S801. When the Bus imbalance information converges to a preset stable range, obtain the residual deviation between the current Bus imbalance information and the preset equilibrium target. S802. Adjust the output adjustment parameters by stepwise decay based on the residual deviation. S803. During the step-by-step attenuation adjustment process, when the output adjustment parameter attenuates to the preset exit threshold, the equalization control mode is released and the normal output control state of the split-phase inverter is restored.

[0065] As described in steps S801 to S803 above, a determination is made as to whether the Bus imbalance state has entered the convergence phase. A preset stability range is used to define the stable operating interval of the Bus system within acceptable error limits. This range is set based on rated voltage, load fluctuation tolerance, and control accuracy. For example, the Bus voltage difference is limited to ±1% to ±2% of the rated value. When the real-time Bus imbalance information enters this stability range, it is considered that the balance control has reached the target convergence state. The residual deviation between the current Bus imbalance information and the preset balance target is obtained. This residual deviation is used to characterize the remaining difference between the current state and the ideal balance state. Minor differences may exist; for example, when the target bus voltage is 400V, but the actual Bus1 voltage is 402V and Bus2 voltage is 398V, the residual deviation will be approximately 2V. Based on this residual deviation, the output adjustment parameters are adjusted in a step-by-step manner. This step-by-step adjustment refers to gradually reducing the control strength in multiple stages, rather than shutting down the control all at once, thus avoiding system oscillations caused by sudden control changes. The output adjustment parameters include the modulation reference wave bias component, the PWM duty cycle correction, and the carrier phase adjustment. Reducing the amplitude of the bias component allows the output waveform to gradually return to the standard sinusoidal reference. The PWM duty cycle correction ratio is gradually reduced to make the switching on-time more symmetrical, and the carrier phase is slowly restored to the initial synchronization state. For example, when the residual deviation is small, the adjustment amount is only reduced by 5% to 10% in each control cycle to achieve a smooth transition. The changes in the output adjustment parameters during the step-by-step decay process are continuously monitored. When the adjustment parameters decay to a preset exit threshold, the equalization control mode is deactivated. The preset exit threshold is used to define the minimum adjustment intensity where the control action can be ignored. For example, when the PWM duty cycle correction is lower than 0.5% or the modulation bias is lower than a set voltage threshold, the equalization control is considered to be completed. Once this condition is met, the equalization control is considered to be complete. The equalization control channel is shut down, and the conventional SPWM or standard modulation strategy of the split-phase inverter is restored, returning to the normal split-phase output operation state. The Bus status monitoring module is kept running continuously so that it can quickly re-enter the equalization control mode when a new imbalance occurs in the future. The control parameters are gradually reduced through a step-by-step attenuation method to avoid output voltage sudden changes or transient impacts caused by direct shutdown of equalization control. Even if residual deviation exists, gradual adjustment is maintained. No oscillation or secondary imbalance will occur during the exit process. By gradually restoring the modulation reference wave and PWM parameters, the output voltage waveform is ensured to transition continuously, reducing the probability of harmonic sudden changes.

[0066] It should be noted that when a split-phase inverter starts with an inductive load, the startup status information of the inverter output side is acquired, including the output current change rate, load current phase change, and startup duration. The output current change rate can be obtained by continuously sampling the output current changes over multiple control cycles. For example, if the output current rapidly increases from 0A to 20A at startup and then gradually decreases to a stable value over several subsequent cycles, it indicates that the inductive load is in the excitation setup phase. The load current phase change can be obtained by detecting the phase relationship between the output voltage and output current. For example, if the current phase significantly lags behind the voltage during startup and the reactive current accounts for a high proportion, it indicates the presence of excitation current characteristics. Based on the startup status, it is determined whether the current bus voltage deviation is caused by a real energy imbalance. For example, if the upper bus capacitor voltage drops from 210V to 200V at startup, while the lower bus capacitor voltage rises from 210V to 215V, although there is a 15V voltage difference between the two bus capacitors, the change in voltage may indicate a real energy imbalance. If the deviation occurs shortly after startup and is accompanied by a rapid increase in output current, it is determined that the deviation is mainly caused by the inductive load excitation process, rather than by long-term uneven energy distribution between the two Bus energy storage units. Therefore, after detecting the excitation startup state, instead of immediately implementing large-scale Bus equalization control, a startup suppression phase is initiated. For example, the startup observation window is set to 50-200 control cycles. Within this time range, the equalization control response intensity is reduced, decreasing the originally allowed modulation reference wave adjustment amplitude from 5%-10% to 1%-3%, thus preventing the transient deviation caused by the excitation current from being amplified. At the same time, the original output control strategy of the split-phase inverter is maintained, allowing the load flux linkage to gradually build up. When the output current is detected to be stable over several consecutive control cycles, for example, the output current change is less than 2%-5% of the rated current over 100 consecutive control cycles, and the Bus voltage deviation still persists, the excitation phase is considered to have ended. At this point, normal Bus equalization control is restarted, and the energy distribution ratio of the positive and negative half cycles is adjusted according to the actual Bus imbalance.

[0067] Please see the appendix Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also provides a hardware-free phase-splitting inverter bus balancing system for the aforementioned hardware-free phase-splitting inverter bus balancing method, comprising: The Bus energy storage module is used to obtain the status information corresponding to each Bus energy storage unit and obtain the corresponding Bus imbalance information based on the status information. The balance control module is used to activate bus balance control when the bus imbalance information exceeds a preset range, and to generate corresponding balance control quantities based on the bus imbalance information. The output regulation module is used to obtain the output status information of the split-phase inverter, and adjust the equalization control quantity according to the output status information to obtain the corresponding output regulation parameters. The output control module determines the energy output ratio of each Bus energy storage unit during the positive and negative half-cycles of the phase-splitting inverter based on the Bus unit status information, obtains the energy distribution difference between each Bus energy storage unit, and adjusts the output control signal of the phase-splitting inverter in conjunction with the output adjustment parameters to obtain the adjusted output control signal. The dynamic balancing module controls the operation of the split-phase inverter based on the adjusted output control signal and performs dynamic balancing for each Bus energy storage unit. The balance adjustment module is used to continuously update the Bus imbalance information during the operation of the split-phase inverter, combine the imbalance change trend of historical control cycles, obtain real-time balance parameters, and adjust the balance control quantity. The advance correction module is used to obtain the imbalance evolution trend, determine the corresponding expected energy shift state, and make predictive adjustments to the energy allocation adjustment parameters based on the expected energy shift state. The equalization recovery module is used to reduce the output adjustment parameters and exit bus equalization control when the bus imbalance information is restored to the preset range.

[0068] As mentioned above, the Bus energy storage module is used to obtain the status information corresponding to each Bus energy storage unit and obtain the corresponding Bus imbalance information based on the status information. In a split-phase inverter, the Bus energy storage unit is usually set on the DC bus side. For example, two Bus capacitors connected in series are used to form a DC bus energy storage structure. The connection node between the two Bus capacitors serves as the midpoint of the DC bus to support the split-phase AC output. During the operation of the inverter, due to factors such as different power of the two AC loads, inconsistent energy consumption in the positive and negative half-cycles, differences in energy storage element parameters, and changes in the charging and discharging process, the two Bus energy storage units may experience voltage deviation or inconsistent energy status.

[0069] Therefore, the Bus energy storage module collects voltage, current, and charge / discharge change information for each Bus energy storage unit to analyze the current energy state of each unit and determine whether there is an energy imbalance between different Bus energy storage units, generating corresponding Bus imbalance information. The equalization control module initiates Bus equalization control when the Bus imbalance information exceeds a preset range and generates corresponding equalization control quantities based on the Bus imbalance information. When the Bus energy storage module detects that the state deviation between different Bus energy storage units exceeds the allowable range, the equalization control module adjusts the equalization control quantity based on the current degree of Bus imbalance, the direction of imbalance, and the trend of imbalance change. The system identifies the target object requiring energy adjustment and generates a corresponding equalization control quantity. This equalization control quantity represents the control requirements for subsequent adjustments to the output process of the split-phase inverter. For example, it may increase the energy output ratio of one Bus energy storage unit and decrease the energy output ratio of another Bus energy storage unit, enabling energy storage units with higher energy states to release energy more quickly, thereby gradually reducing the state differences between different Bus energy storage units. The output adjustment module acquires the output state information corresponding to the split-phase inverter and adjusts the equalization control quantity based on the output state information to obtain the corresponding output adjustment parameters. In actual operation, the split-phase inverter... The inverter not only needs to perform bus balancing but also ensure stable AC output performance. Therefore, the output regulation module further collects information such as the output voltage, output current, load distribution between the two AC outputs, and output fluctuation status of the split-phase inverter. Based on the current output conditions, it determines whether the balancing control will affect the normal power supply process and adaptively adjusts the balancing control quantity. For example, under stable load conditions, the balancing regulation effect can be increased to quickly restore the bus energy storage unit to a consistent state; under rapidly changing load conditions, the balancing regulation amplitude is reduced to avoid output voltage fluctuations caused by balancing control. The output control module is used to adjust the balancing control quantity according to the bus load. The module uses the S-unit status information to determine the energy output ratio of each Bus energy storage unit during the positive and negative half-cycles of the phase-splitting inverter, and obtains the energy distribution difference between each Bus energy storage unit. Combined with the output adjustment parameters, the module adjusts the output control signal of the phase-splitting inverter to obtain the adjusted output control signal. This module does not change the overall output target of the phase-splitting inverter, but rather, while maintaining the stability of target parameters such as output voltage and output frequency, it changes the distribution ratio of different Bus energy storage units participating in the energy output process by adjusting the inverter bridge switch control signal, PWM modulation parameters, modulation reference wave parameters, or carrier control parameters.

[0070] For example, when a high energy state is detected in a certain Bus energy storage unit, the output control module adjusts the power distribution relationship within the corresponding half-cycle, causing that Bus energy storage unit to bear more energy output, thereby accelerating its energy decline rate and achieving balance regulation. The dynamic balancing module controls the operation of the split-phase inverter based on the adjusted output control signal, performing dynamic balancing for each Bus energy storage unit. During the operation of the split-phase inverter, the positive and negative half-cycles are usually powered by different Bus energy storage units. By adjusting the energy output paths and the conduction states of the switching devices corresponding to the positive and negative half-cycles, the discharge rate of different Bus energy storage units can be changed. The dynamic balancing module controls the operation of the inverter bridge according to the adjusted output control signal, causing different Bus energy storage units to participate in the output process according to the adjusted energy distribution relationship, and continuously monitors the balancing effect, so that the energy states among the Bus energy storage units gradually become consistent. The balancing adjustment module continuously updates the Bus imbalance information during the operation of the split-phase inverter, combines the imbalance change trend of historical control cycles to obtain real-time balancing parameters, and adjusts the balancing control quantity. In actual operating environments, load conditions are constantly changing, and the initially generated balancing control quantity may not be applicable to all operating conditions in the long term. Therefore, the balancing adjustment module continuously acquires new Bus state information over multiple control cycles, reassesses the current degree of imbalance, and dynamically adjusts the balancing control quantity based on the actual balancing effect. When a decrease in Bus imbalance is detected, the balancing control intensity is reduced; when an increase in imbalance trend is detected, the balancing adjustment effect is increased, thus forming a closed-loop dynamic balancing control. The advance correction module is used to acquire the imbalance evolution trend and determine the corresponding expected energy offset state. Based on the expected energy offset state, the energy allocation adjustment parameters are predictively adjusted. This module differs from the traditional control method that only compensates after Bus imbalance occurs. By analyzing the changes in Bus imbalance state over multiple historical control cycles, it determines the direction of possible future energy offset. For example, when the energy state of a certain Bus energy storage unit is detected to be continuously increasing, and it is predicted that this state will continue to expand in subsequent operation, the energy allocation parameters are adjusted in advance, so that the energy storage unit of that Bus increases its energy release ratio in advance.

[0071] This reduces the rate of imbalance expansion and enables proactive predictive balancing control. The balancing recovery module reduces the output adjustment parameters and exits Bus balancing control when the Bus imbalance information recovers to a preset range. When the state difference between Bus energy storage units decreases to an allowable range, the balancing recovery module does not immediately stop balancing control but gradually reduces the output adjustment parameters according to the current residual imbalance level, allowing the balancing action to exit smoothly and avoiding output fluctuations in the split-phase inverter caused by sudden changes in control parameters. When the output adjustment parameters decrease to the exit condition, the split-phase inverter returns to its normal control mode, allowing the system to enter normal operation. Utilizing the existing DC bus structure and power conversion capability of the split-phase inverter, energy regulation between Bus energy storage units is achieved through software control, eliminating the need for additional balancing resistors, balancing converters, or independent energy transfer modules. This reduces system hardware complexity and manufacturing costs while improving system reliability. By adjusting the output control signal of the split-phase inverter, Bus energy storage units with high state actively take on more output energy, achieving balancing through load consumption and reducing additional energy loss. The output adjustment module obtains the real-time output state of the split-phase inverter and adjusts it according to load changes. The system dynamically adjusts the equalization control parameters to coordinate the equalization process with the inverter output control process, avoiding any impact on AC output quality and improving operational stability under complex load conditions. Through information feedback between the Bus energy storage module, equalization adjustment module, and dynamic equalization module, continuous monitoring and real-time adjustment of the Bus state are achieved. This allows the system to automatically correct the equalization strategy based on actual operating conditions, avoiding insufficient or excessive equalization caused by fixed parameter control. The advance correction module analyzes the imbalance evolution trend and predicts future energy deviation, enabling the system to adjust the energy distribution relationship before the Bus imbalance further expands. Compared to traditional delayed equalization methods, this improves equalization response speed and control accuracy. By continuously reducing the energy state difference between the two Bus energy storage units, problems such as DC bus midpoint offset, output imbalance, and inconsistent long-term stress on energy storage components are reduced, improving the operational stability of the split-phase inverter and extending the service life of energy storage components and power devices. The equalization recovery module gradually reduces the adjustment parameters, allowing the equalization process to smoothly transition to normal control, avoiding output fluctuations caused by sudden release of equalization control, and improving the continuity and reliability of the system control process.

[0072] And, a hardware-free split-phase inverter bus balancing terminal, comprising: One or more processors; A storage device on which one or more programs are stored; When one or more programs are executed by one or more processors, the one or more processors implement a hardware-free split-phase inverter bus equalization method.

[0073] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described or explained in this invention are implemented according to conventional methods in the art unless otherwise specified or limited.

Claims

1. A hardware-free method for bus equalization in a split-phase inverter, characterized in that, include: Obtain the status information corresponding to each Bus energy storage unit, and obtain the corresponding Bus imbalance information based on the status information; When the bus imbalance information exceeds the preset range, the bus balancing control is activated, and a corresponding balancing control quantity is generated based on the bus imbalance information. Obtain the output status information corresponding to the split-phase inverter, and adjust the equalization control quantity according to the output status information to obtain the corresponding output adjustment parameters; Based on the status information corresponding to the Bus energy storage unit, the energy output ratio of each Bus energy storage unit in the positive and negative half-cycle output process of the split-phase inverter is determined, and the energy distribution difference between each Bus energy storage unit is obtained. Combined with the output adjustment parameters, the output control signal of the split-phase inverter is adjusted to obtain the adjusted output control signal. The phase-splitting inverter is controlled based on the adjusted output control signal, and dynamic balancing is performed on each Bus energy storage unit. During the operation of the split-phase inverter, the Bus imbalance information is continuously updated, and the imbalance change trend of historical control cycles is combined to obtain real-time balance parameters and adjust the balance control quantity. The imbalance evolution trend is obtained, the corresponding expected energy shift state is determined, and the energy allocation adjustment parameters are predictively adjusted based on the expected energy shift state. When the Bus imbalance information returns to the preset range, reduce the output adjustment parameter and exit Bus equalization control.

2. The hardware-free phase-splitting inverter bus equalization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Obtain the status information corresponding to each Bus energy storage unit, and obtain the corresponding Bus imbalance information based on the status information, including: The system acquires Bus voltage, Bus current, and charge / discharge change information for each Bus energy storage unit, and continuously samples the Bus voltage, Bus current, and charge / discharge change information based on a preset time window. Based on the continuously sampled Bus voltage, Bus current and charging / discharging change information, the real-time energy change status and energy change rate of each Bus energy storage unit are obtained. Based on the real-time energy change status and energy change rate of each Bus energy storage unit, obtain the corresponding state deviation value and deviation change trend between each Bus energy storage unit. Based on the state deviation value and the trend of deviation change, obtain the corresponding degree of Bus imbalance and the direction of imbalance development; Based on the degree of bus imbalance and the direction of its development, corresponding bus imbalance prediction results are generated; The bus imbalance prediction results are compared with preset imbalance conditions. When the bus imbalance prediction results meet the preset imbalance conditions, the corresponding bus imbalance information is generated.

3. The hardware-free phase-splitting inverter bus equalization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the bus imbalance information exceeds a preset range, bus balancing control is activated, and corresponding balancing control parameters are generated based on the bus imbalance information, including: Obtain the degree and direction of bus imbalance corresponding to bus imbalance information, and obtain the trend of imbalance change corresponding to bus imbalance information within a continuous control period; The corresponding imbalance evolution state is obtained based on the degree of imbalance, the direction of imbalance development, and the trend of imbalance change of Bus. The imbalance evolution state is compared with the preset equilibrium triggering condition. When the imbalance evolution state meets the preset equilibrium triggering condition, the corresponding Bus equilibrium control is activated. Based on the direction of imbalance development, obtain the corresponding target Bus energy storage unit, and based on the trend of imbalance change, obtain the corresponding equilibrium response priority; Based on the degree of Bus imbalance and the priority of equilibrium response, the corresponding equilibrium adjustment intensity and adjustment rate are obtained. The corresponding balance control quantity is generated based on the balance adjustment intensity and the rate of change of the adjustment.

4. The hardware-free phase-splitting inverter bus equalization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Obtain the output status information corresponding to the split-phase inverter, and adjust the equalization control quantity according to the output status information to obtain the corresponding output adjustment parameters, including: Obtain the output voltage, output current, and inter-phase load distribution information of the split-phase inverter; Obtain the corresponding output status information based on the output voltage, output current, and phase-to-phase load distribution information; The degree of load imbalance and output fluctuation status of the split-phase inverter are obtained based on the output status information. Based on the degree of load imbalance and output fluctuation, and in conjunction with the balancing control quantity, the corresponding output adjustment parameters are obtained.

5. The hardware-free phase-splitting inverter bus equalization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the status information corresponding to the Bus energy storage unit, the energy output ratio of each Bus energy storage unit during the positive and negative half-cycles of the phase-splitting inverter is determined, and the energy distribution difference between each Bus energy storage unit is obtained. Combined with the output adjustment parameters, the output control signal of the phase-splitting inverter is adjusted to obtain the adjusted output control signal, including: The system acquires the output current, output voltage, and energy consumption information for each Bus energy storage unit, and generates the corresponding status information for the Bus energy storage unit based on the output current, output voltage, and energy consumption information. Based on the status information corresponding to the Bus energy storage unit, obtain the energy output ratio of each Bus energy storage unit in the positive half-cycle and the negative half-cycle, and obtain the energy distribution difference between each Bus energy storage unit. The target Bus energy storage unit is obtained based on the difference in energy distribution. The energy deviation between the energy output ratio of the target Bus energy storage unit and the preset benchmark energy ratio is obtained as the energy deviation value. Based on the output adjustment parameters and energy deviation value, the waveform parameters of the modulation reference wave of the split-phase inverter within different output half-cycles are adjusted to obtain the adjusted waveform parameters. The PWM control signal is updated based on the adjusted waveform parameters, and the corresponding adjusted output control signal is generated based on the updated PWM control signal and carrier control signal.

6. The hardware-free phase-splitting inverter bus equalization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The split-phase inverter is controlled based on the regulated output control signal, and dynamic balancing is performed on each Bus energy storage unit, including: Based on the adjusted output control signal, the inverter bridge switching devices of the split-phase inverter are driven to operate according to the corresponding PWM timing, so that the split-phase inverter enters the split-phase output working state. In the split-phase output working state, based on the output power supply paths of the positive half-cycle and the negative half-cycle, different Bus energy storage units participate in the energy output process of the corresponding half-cycle, forming a periodic alternating discharge mechanism. Under the periodic alternating discharge mechanism, the output voltage change and output current change of each Bus energy storage unit are continuously acquired, and the state information of each Bus energy storage unit is updated according to the output voltage change and output current change. Based on the updated status information of each Bus energy storage unit, the energy output ratio of each Bus energy storage unit and the distribution difference in different output half-cycles are obtained to obtain the dynamic energy allocation offset. Based on the dynamic energy allocation offset and the preset state deviation threshold, the discharge path corresponding to each Bus energy storage unit is adaptively adjusted. Through the adaptively adjusted PWM drive process, the discharge rate distribution of each Bus energy storage unit is continuously adjusted by the split-phase inverter in multiple control cycles, thereby achieving dynamic balance of energy state among each Bus energy storage unit.

7. The hardware-free phase-splitting inverter bus equalization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the operation of the split-phase inverter, the Bus imbalance information is continuously updated. Combined with the imbalance change trend of historical control cycles, real-time balancing parameters are obtained, and the balancing control variables are adjusted, including: During the operation of the split-phase inverter, the Bus imbalance information is continuously updated to obtain the updated Bus imbalance status; Based on the updated Bus imbalance status and combined with the imbalance change trend of historical control cycles, the predicted energy deviation value of each Bus energy storage unit is obtained. The predicted energy deviation is compared with the preset energy balance target to generate a balance control coefficient. The real-time equalization parameters are obtained based on the equalization control coefficients. These parameters include the PWM duty cycle, the modulated reference wave bias component, and the carrier phase parameters of the control signal for adjusting the phase split inverter output. Adjust the equalization control quantity based on real-time equalization parameters.

8. The hardware-free phase-splitting inverter bus equalization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves acquiring the imbalance evolution trend, determining the corresponding expected energy shift state, and making predictive adjustments to the energy allocation regulation parameters based on the expected energy shift state, including: After implementing Bus balance control by adjusting the balance control quantity based on the updated Bus imbalance information, the Bus imbalance information change sequence within multiple consecutive control cycles is obtained. The direction and rate of imbalance change for each Bus energy storage unit are determined based on the Bus imbalance information change sequence. The corresponding trend of imbalance evolution is obtained based on the direction and rate of imbalance change; Based on the imbalance evolution trend, determine the expected energy offset state of each Bus energy storage unit in the next control cycle; Based on the expected energy offset state, determine the expected energy distribution change information between each Bus energy storage unit; Based on the expected changes in energy distribution, the current equilibrium control parameters are corrected in advance to generate predictive adjustment parameters. The output control process of the split-phase inverter is adjusted based on predictive adjustment parameters.

9. The hardware-free phase-splitting inverter bus equalization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the bus imbalance information returns to the preset range, the output adjustment parameter is reduced and the bus equalization control is exited, including: When the Bus imbalance information converges to a preset range, obtain the residual deviation between the current Bus imbalance information and the preset equilibrium target; The output adjustment parameters are adjusted in a stepwise manner based on the residual deviation. During the step-by-step attenuation adjustment process, when the output adjustment parameter decays to the preset exit threshold, the Bus equalization control is released and the normal output control state of the split-phase inverter is restored.

10. A hardware-free phase-splitting inverter bus balancing system, applied to the hardware-free phase-splitting inverter bus balancing method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: The Bus energy storage module is used to obtain the status information corresponding to each Bus energy storage unit and obtain the corresponding Bus imbalance information based on the status information. The balance control module is used to activate bus balance control when the bus imbalance information exceeds a preset range, and to generate corresponding balance control quantities based on the bus imbalance information. The output regulation module is used to obtain the output status information of the split-phase inverter, and adjust the equalization control quantity according to the output status information to obtain the corresponding output regulation parameters. The output control module determines the energy output ratio of each Bus energy storage unit during the positive and negative half-cycles of the phase-splitting inverter based on the status information of the Bus energy storage unit, obtains the energy distribution difference between each Bus energy storage unit, and adjusts the output control signal of the phase-splitting inverter in combination with the output adjustment parameters to obtain the adjusted output control signal. The dynamic balancing module controls the operation of the split-phase inverter based on the adjusted output control signal and performs dynamic balancing for each Bus energy storage unit. The balance adjustment module is used to continuously update the Bus imbalance information during the operation of the split-phase inverter, combine the imbalance change trend of historical control cycles, obtain real-time balance parameters, and adjust the balance control quantity. The advance correction module is used to obtain the imbalance evolution trend, determine the corresponding expected energy shift state, and make predictive adjustments to the energy allocation adjustment parameters based on the expected energy shift state. The equalization recovery module is used to reduce the output adjustment parameters and exit bus equalization control when the bus imbalance information is restored to the preset range.

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