Laundry composition

Abstract

A liquid laundry booster composition comprising: a) 0.1 to 20 wt% of a perfume; and b) 0.05 to 5 wt% of a HASE polymer; wherein the pH of the composition is pH 4-9, and wherein the composition comprises 0.001 to 10 wt% of beads having a diameter of 200 μm to 1500 μm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a liquid laundry enhancer having visual beads. Background Technology

[0002] Laundry enhancers are used during the laundry process to deliver additional beneficial agents, such as fragrances, in addition to any detergents or fabric conditioners being used. Enhancers allow consumers to customize their laundry experience. Consumers can choose the beneficial agents and the amount of product to add. This prevents the tendency to overdose products, such as fabric conditioners, in order to increase the delivery of beneficial agents like fragrances.

[0003] However, the consumer experience with these products needs to be improved. One way to provide this experience is to suspend visible beads in the formulation. However, the suspending agent needs to be carefully selected to prevent residue in the fabric conditioner dispensing compartment of automatic washing machines. Summary of the Invention

[0004] It has been found that using hydrophobically modified alkali-swellable emulsion (HASE) polymers prevents residues in the rinsing compartment of a washing machine drawer.

[0005] Therefore, in one aspect of the invention, a liquid laundry enhancer composition is provided, comprising: a. 0.1 to 20% by weight of spices; and b. 0.05 to 5% by weight of HASE polymer; c. 0.001 to 10% by weight of beads, wherein the diameter of the beads, when measured using the sieving method defined herein, is 200 μm to 1500 μm.

[0006] The pH of the composition is pH 4-9.

[0007] The present invention further relates to a method of washing fabrics, wherein a composition as described herein is added to the rinsing stage of a washing process. Summary of the Invention

[0008] These and other aspects, features, and advantages will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description and appended claims. For the avoidance of doubt, any feature of one aspect of the invention may be used in any other aspect of the invention. The word “comprising” is intended to mean “including” but not necessarily “consisting of” or “made of”. In other words, the listed steps or options need not be exhaustive. It should be noted that the embodiments given in the following description are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the invention to these embodiments alone. Similarly, unless otherwise stated, all percentages are weight / weight percentages. Except in the operational and comparative examples, or unless explicitly stated otherwise, all figures indicating the amount of material or reaction conditions, the physical properties of the material, and / or its use in this specification should be understood to be modified by the word “about”. Numerical ranges expressed in the format “from x to y” are understood to include both x and y. When multiple preferred ranges are described in the format “from x to y” for a particular feature, it should be understood that all ranges combining different endpoints are also contemplated.

[0009] The compositions described herein contain HASE polymers.

[0010] The compositions described herein comprise 0.05 to 5% by weight of HASE polymer, more preferably 0.01 to 2% by weight of HASE polymer, based on the weight of the composition.

[0011] HASE polymers are hydrophobically modified alkali-swellable emulsion (HASE) copolymers. These are synthetic associative rheology modifier polymers. Preferably, the HASE polymer is a hydrophobically modified alkali-soluble acrylic polymer emulsion. The HASE polymer preferably comprises a backbone consisting of randomly distributed methacrylic acid (MAA) and ethyl acrylate (EA) monomers, as well as other possible monomer components.

[0012] Suitable polymers are sold under the trade names Acusol (from Dow) and Carbopol Aqua 30 or Carbopol aquaCC (from Lubrizol).

[0013] Particularly preferred HASE polymers include those selected from crosslinking copolymers prepared by polymerization of a monomer mixture comprising (i) 5 to 85%, more preferably 25 to 70%, and most preferably 35 to 65% (by weight, based on the total weight of the monomer mixture) of nonionic monomers; (ii) 5 to 85%, more preferably 25 to 70%, and most preferably 35 to 65% (by weight, based on the total weight of the monomer mixture) of anionic or anionizable monomers; (iii) 0.5 to 35%, more preferably 1 to 25% (by weight, based on the total weight of the monomer mixture) of hydrophobic monomers having an ethylene unsaturated portion (for addition polymerization with other monomers in the mixture) and a hydrophobic portion; and (iv) optionally present 0.001 to 5%, preferably 0.01 to 0.1% (by weight, based on the total weight of the monomer mixture) of copolymerizable polyethylene unsaturated monomers, which are effectively used for crosslinking.

[0014] The nonionic monomer (i) is suitably selected from C1-C8 alkyl esters and C2-C8 hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate and butyl acrylate are preferred.

[0015] The anionic or anionizable monomer (ii) is suitably selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium vinyl sulfonate, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, monomethyl itaconic acid, monomethyl fumarate, monobutyl fumarate, and maleic anhydride. Acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are preferred.

[0016] In a suitable type of hydrophobic monomer (iii), the hydrophobic portion consists of homopolymeric, random copolymeric, or block copolymeric chains, said chains being selected from C1-C 22 Alkyl acrylates, C1-C 22Repeating units of alkyl methacrylates, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, or combinations thereof are formed. Examples of such units include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, ethylhexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, and mixtures thereof. One of the units at one end of the chain remains available as an unsaturated vinyl moiety for addition polymerization with other monomers in the mixture. This type of hydrophobic monomer is commonly referred to as a "macromonomer" and can be prepared by catalytic chain transfer (CCT) using catalysts that efficiently achieve CCT, such as cobalt porphyrins and cobalt oximes. The number-average molecular weight (Mn, determined by liquid permeation chromatography) of the macromonomer can advantageously be from about 200 to about 50,000, preferably from about 400 to about 10,000, and most preferably from about 500 to about 3,000. Preferred examples of macromonomers include poly(methyl methacrylate) / poly(methacrylic acid), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(butyl methacrylate), poly(ethylhexyl methacrylate), and combinations thereof. Another suitable type of hydrophobic monomer (iii) comprises a polyoxyethylene moiety between the unsaturated and hydrophobic portions of the vinyl group. This type of hydrophobic monomer is sometimes referred to as a "surfactant monomer" and is typically prepared by acid-catalyzed condensation of commercially available nonionic polyoxyethylene surfactant alcohols with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, or aconitic acid. Preferred examples of surfactant monomers include C8-C... 30 Alkylated polyethoxylated (meth)acrylates (i.e., methacrylates and / or acrylates), wherein the polyethoxylated portion comprises about 5 to about 100, preferably about 10 to about 80, and more preferably about 15 to about 60 ethylene oxide (EO) units, such as C 18 H 37 (EO)₂O(meth)acrylate and C 12 H 25 (EO) 23 Methacrylates.

[0017] The crosslinking comonomer (iv) is suitably selected from diallyl phthalate, divinylbenzene, allyl methacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate or dimethacrylate; 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate or dimethacrylate; and diallylbenzene.

[0018] Particularly preferred polysaccharides include cellulose and xanthan gum. Particularly preferred polysaccharide derivatives include hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and mixtures thereof.

[0019] HASE polymers preferably have a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of about 30,000 g / mol to about 10,000,000 g / mol, for example, about 30,000 to about 500,000 g / mol, more typically 50,000 g / mol to 500,000 g / mol. Molecular weight can be determined by physical properties such as intrinsic viscosity or by spectrophotometric analysis such as light scattering.

[0020] The composition may contain a single species of HASE polymer, or it may contain a mixture of different HASE polymers to provide optimal performance.

[0021] The composition comprises 0.1 to 20% by weight of fragrance, more preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight of fragrance. Many suitable fragrance examples are provided in the CTFA (Cosmetic, Toiletries and Fragrance Association) 1992 International Buyers Guide (published by CFTA Publications) and the OPD 1993 Chemicals Buyers Directory 80th Annual Edition (published by Schnell Publishing Co.).

[0022] It is common for free oil fragrance compositions to contain multiple fragrance components. In the compositions used in this invention, it is envisioned that three or more fragrance components are present, preferably four or more, more preferably five or more, and most preferably six or more.

[0023] The compositions described herein have a pH of 4 to 9, preferably 7 to 8. The compositions may contain a pH adjuster to achieve the desired pH. A suitable acidic pH adjuster is hydrochloric acid. A suitable alkaline pH adjuster is triethanolamine.

[0024] The composition described herein preferably comprises beads with a diameter of 50 μm to 2000 μm. The composition preferably comprises 0.001 to 10% by weight of the beads, more preferably 0.005 to 5% by weight, and even more preferably 0.01 to 2% by weight of the beads.

[0025] The beads can be of any suitable shape. The diameter of the beads is measured as the maximum linear dimension. The diameter of the beads is preferably from 100 μm to 1500 μm, more preferably from 200 μm to 1250 μm, and most preferably from 400 μm to 1000 μm.

[0026] The beads are measured during drying using a series of analytical sieves and vibrating sieves. Several sieves are assembled, preferably at least 6 sieves, more preferably at least 7 sieves, even more preferably at least 8 sieves, and most preferably at least 9 sieves.

[0027] The sieves are stacked one on top of the other, with the largest mesh size at the bottom and the smallest mesh size at the top. Using more sieves allows for more accurate measurements. Pour a known mass (typically 100g) of beads into the top sieve and shake the sieves together for 5 minutes. Afterward, weigh the beads in each sieve and calculate the fraction for each size using the following formula (…). Fraction ): in m total = The total mass poured into the top sieve at the start of the analysis. m bottom = The sieve of interest and the mass in the sieve below it. m top = The total mass above the sieve of interest. In this way, the fraction of beads falling within a specific size range can be determined.

[0028] The beads can be made of any suitable material. The beads preferably comprise a structure formed of inorganic materials, plant-based solids or waxes, polymer materials, or combinations thereof.

[0029] Inorganic materials include materials such as clay (e.g., bentonite), silicates (e.g., sodium silicate or potassium silicate), carbonates (e.g., calcium carbonate), or materials containing calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, iron, or zinc. Preferably, the inorganic material is selected from clay, silicates, carbonates, and combinations thereof.

[0030] Plant-based solids are derived from hard materials found in plants, such as fruit pits or nut shells. Preferred plant-based solids include olive pits, almond shells, peach pits, pistachio shells, avocado shells, apricot pits, argan shells, walnut shells, jojoba seeds, oats, bamboo, loofah, poppy seeds, strawberry seeds, raspberry seeds, blackberry seeds, and combinations thereof. Plant solids can be ground to a suitable particle size. Plant-based waxes, such as beads formed from hydrogenated vegetable oils (e.g., hydrogenated jojoba oil or hydrogenated castor oil), are also available; suitable examples of beads formed from plant-based waxes can be found at Vantage.

[0031] The polymer material includes any polymer capable of forming beads with a diameter of 50 μm to 2000 μm. Preferably, the polymer is a polysaccharide. The polysaccharide is preferably selected from cellulose (including microcrystalline cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and other cellulose ethers, hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose), guar gum, agar, carrageenan, alginate, pectin, hemicellulose, alginate, locust bean gum, starch, gelatin, xanthan gum and combinations thereof. More preferably, the polysaccharide comprises cellulose (including microcrystalline cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and other cellulose ethers, hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose) and combinations thereof. Preferably, the beads contain 10 to 100% by weight of polysaccharide based on the weight of the beads, more preferably 15 to 95% by weight of polysaccharide based on the weight of the beads, and most preferably 25 to 90% by weight of polysaccharide based on the weight of the beads.

[0032] In addition to inorganic materials, plant-based solids or waxes, or polymeric materials, the beads may further comprise sugars, sugar alcohols, or combinations thereof. Suitable sugars or sugar alcohols include lactose, sucrose, dextrose, mannitol, xylitol, sorbitol, isomaltitol, lactitol, erythritol, and combinations thereof. The beads preferably contain 5 to 80% by weight of sugars, sugar alcohols, or combinations thereof, more preferably 10 to 70% by weight, and most preferably 15 to 60% by weight of sugars, sugar alcohols, or combinations thereof, based on the weight of the beads.

[0033] The beads may preferably contain optical enhancers, preferably pearlescent agents, pigments, dyes, or combinations thereof. The optical enhancers should not have a substantial impact on the fabric, and their presence is intended to enhance the aesthetic appeal of the beads. These are particularly preferred for mineral or polymer beads.

[0034] The beads may consist substantially of inorganic materials, plant-based solids or waxes, or polymeric materials, optionally further comprising a small amount of optical enhancers. Alternatively, the beads may consist substantially of inorganic materials, plant-based solids or waxes, or polymeric materials together with sugars and / or sugar alcohols, optionally further comprising a small amount of optical enhancers.

[0035] Alternatively, when the beads are mineral- or polymer-based, they may contain beneficial agents, preferably selected from: fragrances, fragrance microcapsules, oils, silicones, plant extracts, fabric care ingredients, vitamins, enzymes, shading dyes, antibacterial agents, odor-reducing or preventing agents, fabric softeners, insect repellents, hueing dyes, fabric dyes, detergents, sunscreens, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the beads contain hydrophobic beneficial agents, such as fragrances. When present, the beads preferably contain 0.01 to 50% by weight of the beneficial agent, more preferably 1 to 40% by weight, even more preferably 4 to 30% by weight, and most preferably 6 to 25% by weight.

[0036] The beads can be prepared by mixing all raw material components together, preferably in powder form. Water and / or other aqueous components are then added to the powder and mixed to form a mass, which is further granulated. The wet granules are dried to reduce their moisture content. The mass can be dried using conventional drying procedures such as air drying, spray drying, belt drying, freeze drying, drum drying, or flash drying.

[0037] An example of commercially available polysaccharide beads is Unispheres® (from Givaudan).

[0038] The compositions described herein preferably contain ethoxylated triglycerides. The compositions preferably contain 1 to 30% by weight of ethoxylated triglycerides, more preferably 2 to 25% by weight of ethoxylated triglycerides, and most preferably 4 to 20% by weight of ethoxylated triglycerides.

[0039] The triglyceride can be any suitable triglyceride. Preferably, the triglyceride is fully saturated. Full saturation can occur naturally or can be achieved through hydrogenation. Preferably, the triglyceride chain contains an alcohol group. Preferred sources of triglycerides are vegetable oils and combinations thereof. Preferably, the triglycerides are derived from the following oils: almond oil, argan oil, babassu oil, borage oil, camellia oil, canola oil, castor oil, chia oil, cherry oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, coffee oil, and spurs of the calyx flower (…). Cuphea viscosissima Oils including flaxseed oil, grape oil, hemp oil, liver oil, jatropha oil, jojoba oil, and reskerle oil. The squirrel fendleri Oil, Moringa ( Moringa oleiferaOils including macadamia nut oil, mango oil, mustard oil, neem oil, olive oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, perilla oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, shea butter, tallow tree oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, tonka bean oil, tung oil, and combinations thereof.

[0040] The ethoxylated triglyceride preferably contains 6 to 100 moles of ethoxylation, more preferably 12 to 80, and even more preferably 20 to 60 moles of ethoxylation. Most preferably, the ethoxylated triglyceride contains about 40 moles of ethoxylation (i.e., 35 to 45 moles of ethoxylation).

[0041] Most preferably, the ethoxylated triglyceride comprises PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil.

[0042] Ethoxylated triglycerides enhance the transparency of the formulation. Preferably, the ratio of flavoring to ethoxylated triglycerides is 1:1 to 1:15, more preferably 1:2 to 1:10.

[0043] The compositions described herein preferably contain alcohol ethoxylates. The compositions preferably contain 1 to 30% by weight of alcohol ethoxylates, more preferably 2 to 25% by weight of alcohol ethoxylates, and most preferably 4 to 20% by weight of alcohol ethoxylates.

[0044] Alcohol ethoxylates have the following formula: RO(CH2CH2O) x H R represents a fatty alcohol chain. Preferably, R is saturated. Preferably, R = C8 to C90. 24 Fatty alcohols, more preferably R = C 10 To C 22 Fatty alcohols, or even better, R = C 12 To C 20 Fatty alcohols, with the optimal choice being R = C. 16 To C 18 Fatty alcohols. In other words, preferably, the alcohol ethoxylate contains C8 to C96. 24 fatty alcohols, preferably C 10 To C 22 Fatty alcohols, with the optimal choice being R = C. 16 To C 18 Fatty alcohols.

[0045] x represents the degree of ethoxylation. Preferably, x is 5 to 100, more preferably 10 to 80, even more preferably 12 to 60, and most preferably 15 to 40. In other words, preferably, the alcohol ethoxylate contains 5 to 100 ethoxylated groups, more preferably 12 to 60 ethoxylated groups, and most preferably 15 to 40 ethoxylated groups.

[0046] Most preferably, the alcohol ethoxylate contains R = C 16 To C 18 Fatty alcohol and x = 25. Suitable commercially available material is available under the trade name Lutensol AT25 (from BASF).

[0047] When the composition is used in combination with a fabric conditioner, the alcohol ethoxylate prevents residues in the rinse drawer.

[0048] Preferably, the composition described herein comprises ethoxylated triglycerides and alcohol ethoxylates. The ratio of ethoxylated triglycerides to alcohol ethoxylates is preferably 1:2 to 2:1, more preferably 2:3 to 3:2.

[0049] The compositions described herein are preferably transparent. For the purposes of this invention, transparency is measured by light transmittance. Preferably, the transmittance of the formulation is 60 to 100%, more preferably 60 to 100%, even more preferably 70 to 100%, and most preferably 80 to 90%. Light transmittance is measured at 25°C and can be suitably measured using a Turbiscan® LAB (from Formulaction Scientific Instruments). Transparent formulations may contain dyes to color the formulation; such dyes preferably do not affect the transparency of the formulation.

[0050] The compositions described herein preferably contain beneficial agents. Beneficial agents are known to those skilled in the art for delivering benefits to fabrics. Such ingredients include: fragrances, fragrance carriers, antibacterial agents, odor-reducing or preventing agents, fabric softeners, insect repellents, light-blocking or color-correcting dyes, fabric dyes, water-soluble additives, anti-redeposition agents, detergents, anti-wrinkle agents, antioxidants, sunscreens, antistatic agents, chelating agents, and ironing auxiliaries.

[0051] The compositions described herein may preferably also include preservatives. Suitable preservatives include isothiazolinones, organic acids, alcohols, or combinations thereof. Specifically, the preservatives may preferably be selected from: benzisothiazolinone (BIT), methylisothiazolinone (MIT), lactic acid, citric acid, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, itaconic acid, potassium sorbate, anisic acid, phenoxyethanol, propylene glycol, and combinations thereof. Some preservatives may require the presence of a pH adjuster to maintain optimal pH.

[0052] The compositions described herein may preferably also include dyes for coloring the compositions. Such dyes are intended to color the compositions but do not materially affect the fabric. These dyes are available under the trade name Liquidint (from Milliken).

[0053] The compositions described herein may preferably contain a chelating agent. It should be understood that the chelating agent prevents the composition from yellowing. This is particularly important for transparent formulations. Examples of suitable chelating agents are available under the trade names Dequest 2010 or 2066.

[0054] The compositions described herein are fragrance enhancer compositions. They are intended to provide additional fragrance to the laundry process, rather than to provide cleaning or conditioning. Therefore, the compositions preferably contain 0 to 7% by weight of a cationic surfactant, anionic surfactant, or mixture thereof. More preferably, the compositions contain 0 to 4% by weight of a cationic surfactant, anionic surfactant, or mixture thereof, even more preferably 0 to 2% by weight, and most preferably 0 to 1% by weight, of a cationic surfactant, anionic surfactant, or mixture thereof.

[0055] The compositions of the present invention preferably contain water. Preferably, the composition contains more than 50% by weight of water, more preferably at least 60% by weight of water. A suitable upper limit is preferably 98% by weight of the composition.

[0056] The compositions described herein can be produced by any suitable method. Preferably, when both the fragrance and ethoxylated triglycerides are present, these components are premixed before being added to the main mixture. Preferably, the water used in the main mixture is heated to 30-70°C, more preferably 40-60°C, before any other components are added.

[0057] The compositions described herein can be used at any stage of the laundry process to deliver beneficial agents into the laundry process. Preferably, the compositions are used in the rinsing stage. The compositions can be used in combination with fabric conditioners or can be used alone. Preferably, the compositions are used in conjunction with fabric conditioners. In one aspect of the invention, a method is provided in which the compositions described herein are added to the rinsing stage of a laundry process. Preferably, the compositions are added to the rinsing stage of the laundry process in addition to a fabric conditioner. Preferably, the fabric conditioner comprises a cationic surfactant, preferably 1 to 20% by weight, more preferably 2 to 15% by weight, and most preferably 3 to 10% by weight. In one aspect of the invention, the use of the compositions described herein for providing fragrance in the rinsing stage of a laundry process is provided.

[0058] Preferably, the composition is added to the rinse compartment of a washing machine drawer.

[0059] Example Table 1: Examples of Compositions

[0060] The composition was prepared by premixing the fragrance and ethoxylated triglycerides. Water was then heated to 50°C, and the polymer, preservative, and alcohol ethoxylate were added sequentially with stirring, followed by the premix. The pH was checked and adjusted to pH 7-8 if necessary. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature.

[0061] Test the residue of each composition in an automatic front-loading washing machine. Pour 35 ml of fabric conditioner into the rinse compartment of the washing machine drawer.

[0062] Prepare the following fabric conditioning compositions: Table 2: Fabric Conditioner Compositions

[0063] Pour 23 ml of the example composition onto the top of the fabric conditioner. Run a quick wash cycle for 60 minutes. Repeat the process; perform a total of two cycles. After two washes, assess the residue by visual evaluation.

[0064] Table 3: Residue Assessment

[0065] The presence of HASE polymers reduces the amount of residue in the rinse compartment of the washing machine drawer. Alcohol ethoxylates further reduce residue.

Claims

1. A liquid laundry enhancer composition comprising: a. 0.1 to 20% by weight of spices; and b. 0.05 to 5% by weight of HASE polymer; The pH of the composition is pH 4-9. The composition contains 0.001 to 10% by weight of beads, the beads having a diameter of 200 μm to 1500 μm when measured using the sieving method defined herein.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the beads comprise a structure formed of inorganic materials, plant-based solids or waxes, polymeric materials or combinations thereof.

3. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the beads comprise a structure formed of a polymeric material.

4. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the beads further comprise sugar, sugar alcohol, or a combination thereof.

5. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the beads further comprise an optical enhancer selected from pearlescent agents, pigments, dyes, and combinations thereof.

6. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the beads further comprise 0.01 to 50% by weight of a beneficial agent.

7. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition further comprises an alcohol ethoxylate.

8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the alcohol ethoxylate comprises C8 to C96. 24 Fatty alcohols.

9. The composition of claim 7, wherein the alcohol ethoxylate comprises 5 to 100 ethoxylate groups.

10. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition further comprises ethoxylated triglycerides.

11. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is transparent.

12. A method for washing fabrics, wherein the composition according to any one of the preceding claims is added to the rinsing stage of the washing process.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein, in addition to the fabric conditioner, the composition is added to the rinsing stage.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the fabric conditioner comprises a cationic surfactant, preferably 1 to 20% by weight, more preferably 2 to 15% by weight, and most preferably 3 to 10% by weight.

15. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the composition is added to the rinse compartment of a washing machine drawer.

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