An automatically compensating boring machining floating tool

Abstract

The application discloses a boring machining floating cutter capable of automatic compensation and particularly relates to the technical field of machining cutters, comprising a compensation cutter main body, wherein the compensation cutter main body comprises a compensation mechanism, the compensation mechanism is connected with a cutter bar at a plug-in end, and a clamping base is connected with the compensation mechanism at a bottom end; the compensation mechanism comprises a compensation seat, a compensation ring and a compensation assembly, wherein a disc spring group in the compensation assembly is pre-compressed during assembly, can continuously output axial elastic force, and is converted into radial thrust through a bevel force transmission structure formed by an inclined positioning column and a pushing corner block; the connecting rod serves as a guide rod, can prevent radial deviation caused by spring compression, and stably transmits thrust; the inclined positioning column and the pushing corner block form the bevel force transmission structure, convert axial spring force into radial thrust, and act on the side surface of a compensation adjusting disc, so that while avoiding local stress concentration, a trace amount of compensation deviation is compensated along the cutting rotary diameter direction of the indexable carbide insert.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining tool technology, and more specifically, to a floating tool for boring with automatic compensation. Background Technology

[0002] Boring is a core process for precision internal hole machining, widely used in the machining of housings and bushings in aerospace, automotive, and hydraulic fields. In batch continuous production scenarios, carbide boring tools wear continuously during the machining process, leading to a gradual reduction in the machined hole diameter, a decrease in dimensional consistency, and eventually exceeding the tolerance range. Existing publication number CN101961794B discloses a precision tool adjustment mechanism. The tool head is mounted in a hole at the front end of a telescopic tool shank and secured with a screw. The telescopic tool shank is mounted in an oblique hole in the tool body and secured with a bolt. Pins pass through grooves on the tool body and are respectively mounted in holes perpendicular to the tool body axis on the telescopic tool shank and in corresponding holes on the sliding sleeve. The sliding sleeve is mounted on a cylinder at the large end of the tool body. The internal thread of the rotating sleeve mates with the external thread on the rear of the sliding sleeve. The large inner hole of the rotating sleeve is mounted on the outer circle of the sliding sleeve. One end of a spring is mounted on a small cylinder of the telescopic tool shank, and the other end is mounted in a corresponding hole on the tool shank. Two locking nuts are mounted on corresponding studs on the tool body. The outer circle of the sliding sleeve that mates with the rotating sleeve has a graduated line parallel to its axis. The conical surface at the front of the rotating sleeve has multiple equally spaced graduated lines. The small end of the tool body is a tapered shank connected to a machine tool. This mechanism allows for quick and accurate adjustment of the tool head to the required position. During the development of this application, the inventors discovered the following problems with the existing technology: Existing boring tools require machine shutdown and manual adjustment of the insert position by turning the adjusting screw after the insert wears down. They cannot dynamically and automatically compensate for the wear of the insert during the machining process. Ordinary carbide inserts can wear up to 0.02mm after machining about 200 to 300 holes. The cumulative error will cause the hole diameter to be out of tolerance, requiring frequent machine shutdowns to change the tool or manual tool adjustment during production. Therefore, a floating tool for boring with automatic compensation is proposed to address the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a floating tool for boring with automatic compensation to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an automatically compensating floating tool for boring, comprising a compensating tool body, the compensating tool body including a compensating mechanism, a tool holder and a clamping base, the tool holder being connected to the insertion end of the compensating mechanism, and the clamping base being inserted and connected to the bottom end of the compensating mechanism. The compensation mechanism includes a compensation tool holder, a compensation ring, and a compensation component.

[0005] Preferably, the compensating tool holder includes a tool holder body, the tool holder body has a tool holder cavity inside, and the tool holder cavity has a reserved compensation adjustment cavity inside.

[0006] Preferably, the top of the compensation tool holder is connected to a first locking disc, the bottom of the first locking disc is fixedly connected to a compensation ring, and the bottom of the compensation ring is fixedly connected to a plug-in fixing post.

[0007] Preferably, the compensation ring includes a first connecting plate, a compensation groove, and a second connecting plate. The second connecting plate is disposed below the first connecting plate, and a compensation groove is disposed between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate. The compensation groove provides deformation allowance for the radial floating of the tool holder.

[0008] Preferably, a compensation adjustment disk is placed inside the compensation adjustment cavity, and floating adjustment beads are provided at both the upper and lower ends of the compensation adjustment disk. The floating adjustment beads are used to support the compensation adjustment disk and ensure its radial sliding stability.

[0009] Preferably, compensation components are provided on both sides of the compensation adjustment disc, and the compensation components are fixedly connected to the tool holder cavity of the tool holder body. The compensation components are used to provide continuous radial compensation thrust.

[0010] Preferably, the compensation component includes a connecting rod, a first fixed post, a disc spring assembly, and an inclined positioning post. The top end of the connecting rod is connected to the first fixed post, the outer diameter surface of the connecting rod is connected to the disc spring assembly, the bottom end of the connecting rod is located inside the disc spring assembly and is connected to the inclined positioning post, and the side of the inclined positioning post is connected to a pushing corner block. The pushing corner block abuts against the side of the compensation adjustment disc to transmit the spring thrust.

[0011] Preferably, a piezoelectric ceramic actuator is installed inside the tool holder cavity, and a displacement sensor is installed at the top edge of the tool holder body. The displacement sensor, the piezoelectric ceramic actuator, and the external control system cooperate to form a closed-loop active compensation system. The external control system is specifically an industrial control computer. During continuous machining, the disc spring assembly always provides basic radial thrust to achieve automatic coarse compensation for tool wear. Under the action of the external control system, the piezoelectric ceramic actuator provides superimposed micro-displacement to achieve high-precision fine compensation.

[0012] Preferably, the top of the tool holder is connected to a tool tip, and the cutting edge of the tool tip is in the same radial plane as the force direction of the compensation component, ensuring that the compensation displacement acts directly on the cutting diameter direction.

[0013] Preferably, a plug-in fixed shaft is connected to the lower part of the compensating tool holder, and the plug-in fixed shaft is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the compensating tool holder. A second locking disc is detachably connected to the top end of the plug-in fixed shaft. The compensating tool holder and the plug-in fixed shaft form a detachable structure through the second locking disc. The clamping base is connected to the compensating tool holder through the plug-in fixed shaft. The clamping base adopts the BT40 / BT50 / HSK63A standard tool holder interface and can be connected to the machine tool spindle.

[0014] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: 1. Compared with the prior art, this automatically compensated floating tool for boring has a disc spring assembly in the compensation component that is pre-compressed during assembly, which can continuously output axial elastic force, which is converted into radial thrust through the inclined force transmission structure. The connecting rod acts as a guide rod, which can prevent radial displacement when the spring is compressed, so that the thrust transmission is stable. The inclined positioning column and the push corner block form an inclined force transmission structure, which converts the axial spring force into radial thrust and acts on the side of the compensation adjustment disk. This avoids local stress concentration and can finely adjust the offset distance. Floating adjustment beads are set at the upper and lower ends of the compensation adjustment disk, which replaces sliding friction with rolling friction, reduces radial movement resistance, and restricts axial movement and rotation, retaining only the radial translational degree of freedom. When the cutting position of the indexable carbide insert changes due to wear, the disc spring assembly 22 releases elastic potential energy, which drives the tool holder and the indexable carbide insert to extend synchronously along the cutting diameter direction through the push corner block and the compensation adjustment disk, so that the rotation diameter of the indexable carbide insert remains stable.

[0015] 2. Compared with the prior art, this automatically compensated floating boring tool consists of a first connecting plate, a compensation groove, and a second connecting plate, with the compensation groove thinning the connecting section and giving the compensation ring radial elastic deformation capability. This allows the second connecting plate to have a radial offset of ±0.05mm relative to the first connecting plate, providing deformation margin for the tool holder to float while maintaining axial rigidity and torque transmission capability. The floating adjustment ball supports the compensation adjustment disc, keeping the radial sliding state stable. The boring part of the indexable carbide insert is flush with the compensation component, so that the compensation displacement acts directly in the cutting diameter direction. The compensation amount corresponds to the outward extension of the indexable carbide insert, with no directional loss. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the compensation mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the compensation mechanism of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the tool holder body of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the compensating tool holder of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the main body of the tool holder of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the compensation component of the present invention; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0017] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1. Compensating tool body; 2. Compensation mechanism; 3. Insertion fixing shaft; 4. Compensating tool holder; 5. First locking disc; 6. Tool shank; 7. Tool tip; 8. Second locking disc; 9. Tool holder body; 10. Compensation ring; 11. Insertion fixing post; 12. First connecting disc; 13. Compensation groove; 14. Second connecting disc; 15. Tool holder cavity; 16. Compensation adjustment cavity; 17. Compensation adjustment disc; 18. Floating adjustment bead; 19. Compensation assembly; 20. Connecting rod; 21. First fixing post; 22. Disc spring assembly; 23. Inclined positioning post; 24. Piezoelectric ceramic actuator; 25. Displacement sensor; 26. Clamping base; 27. Push corner block; 28. External control system; 29. ​​Indexable carbide insert. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0019] As attached Figures 1 to 8 The invention relates to an automatically compensated floating tool for boring, comprising a compensating tool body 1, which includes a compensating mechanism 2, a tool holder 6, and a clamping base 26. The tool holder 6 is connected to the insertion end of the compensating mechanism 2. The tool holder 6 is the cutting execution section, and an indexable carbide insert is installed at the end as the tool tip. The clamping base 26 is connected to the bottom end of the compensating mechanism 2. The clamping base 26 adopts a BT40 / BT50 / HSK63A standard tool holder interface and can be directly inserted into the machine tool spindle to drive the entire compensating tool body 1 to rotate synchronously and complete the main boring motion. The compensation mechanism 2 includes a compensation tool holder 4, a compensation ring 10, and a compensation component 19.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the compensating tool holder 4 includes a tool holder body 9, and a tool holder cavity 15 is provided inside the tool holder body 9. A compensation adjustment cavity 16 is reserved inside the tool holder cavity 15.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the top of the compensating knife holder 4 is connected to a first locking disc 5, the bottom of the first locking disc 5 is fixedly connected to a compensating ring 10, and the bottom of the compensating ring 10 is fixedly connected to a plug-in fixing post 11.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the compensation ring 10 includes a first connecting plate 12, a compensation groove 13, and a second connecting plate 14. The second connecting plate 14 is disposed below the first connecting plate 12, and the compensation groove 13 is disposed between the first connecting plate 12 and the second connecting plate 14. The first connecting plate 12 is fitted and fixed to the first locking plate 5, and the second connecting plate 14 is connected to the plug-in fixing post 11. The annular compensation groove 13 thins the connecting section between the first connecting plate 12 and the second connecting plate 14, so that the compensation ring 10 has radial elastic deformation capability, allowing the second connecting plate 14 to have a radial offset of ±0.05mm relative to the first connecting plate 12, providing deformation margin for the floating and compensation of the tool holder 6, while ensuring axial rigidity and torque transmission capability.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, a compensation adjustment disk 17 is placed inside the compensation adjustment cavity 16. Floating adjustment beads 18 are provided at both the upper and lower ends of the compensation adjustment disk 17. The compensation adjustment disk 17 is an intermediate component for transmitting compensation force. The center position of the compensation tool holder 4 is connected to the tail end of the tool holder 6, which can drive the tool holder 6 to generate radial displacement synchronously. The floating adjustment beads 18 at the upper and lower ends are high-precision steel balls, which are supported between the compensation adjustment disk 17 and the inner wall of the compensation adjustment cavity 16. They convert sliding friction into rolling friction, reduce the resistance to radial movement, and restrict its axial movement and rotation, retaining only the radial translational degree of freedom.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, compensation components 19 are provided on both sides of the compensation adjustment disk 17. The two sets of compensation components 19 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the compensation adjustment disk 17 along the radial direction of the tool. One set of compensation components 19, located at the rear end of the tool tip 7, is the main force for pushing the indexable carbide insert 29 to maintain its state, while the other set of compensation components 19 is symmetrically arranged to eliminate backlash. The compensation components 19 are fixedly connected to the tool holder cavity 15 of the tool holder body 9. The compensation components 19 are the core power source for passive compensation, requiring no external power supply or control signal; automatic compensation for tool wear can be achieved through a purely mechanical structure.

[0025] The disc spring assembly 22 consists of two disc springs connected in parallel. The specifications are an outer diameter D=20mm and a single disc thickness t=1.25mm. It is pre-compressed by 0.15mm during assembly and can continuously provide a radial thrust of about 80N. The direction of the thrust is flush with the cutting diameter direction of the tool tip. The bottom end of the connecting rod 20 is connected to the inclined positioning post 23 on the inner surface of the disc spring assembly 22. The side of the inclined positioning post 23 is connected to the push corner block 27. The inclined positioning post 23 and the push corner block 27 are inclined force transmission structures, which convert the axial thrust of the disc spring assembly 22 into radial thrust, which is evenly applied to the side of the compensation adjustment disk 17 to avoid local stress concentration.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, a piezoelectric ceramic actuator 24 is provided inside the tool holder cavity 15. The output end of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 24 is driven and cooperates with the compensation adjustment disk 17. After receiving a 0-100V driving voltage, it can generate a micro displacement of 0-0.10mm, which drives the compensation adjustment disk 17 to complete high-precision compensation. A displacement sensor 25 is provided at the top edge of the tool holder body 9. The displacement sensor 25 is a high-precision inductive displacement sensor, which is used to detect the radial displacement of the tool holder 6 relative to the tool holder body 9 in real time and feed it back to the external control system. The disc spring assembly 22 in the compensation component 19 constitutes normally open passive compensation, while the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 24, displacement sensor 25, and external control system 28 constitute closed-loop active compensation. These components are not substitutes for each other but work in tandem, superimposed on each other. The disc spring assembly 22 is pre-compressed during assembly, consistently outputting a basic radial thrust, which is transmitted to the compensation adjustment disk 17 via the tilting positioning post 23 and the push block 27. This causes the tool holder 6 and the indexable carbide insert 29 to automatically extend outward along the cutting diameter direction after wear. The piezoelectric ceramic actuator 24, via a displacement amplification mechanism, is driven by the compensation adjustment disk 17. Its driving direction is the same as the radial thrust direction of the disc spring assembly 22, used to superimpose high-precision micro-displacement on top of passive compensation. The displacement sensor 25 detects the radial displacement of the tool holder 6 relative to the tool holder body 9 in real time and feeds the signal back to the external control system 28. The external control system 28 controls the driving voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 24 based on the deviation between the set value and the actual value, thereby achieving closed-loop active compensation. When the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 24 is not enabled, it is in a zero-voltage follower state and does not affect the passive compensation of the disc spring assembly 22; when the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 24 is enabled, the active compensation amount and the passive compensation amount are superimposed and act together on the compensation adjustment disc 17.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the top of the tool holder 6 is connected to a tool tip 7. The cutting edge position of the tool tip 7 is in the same radial plane as the force direction of the compensation component 19. The rotation direction of the cutting edge of the indexable carbide insert 29 clamped on the tool tip 7 is aligned with the compensation direction of the compensation component 19, ensuring that the radial displacement generated by the compensation component 19 directly acts on the cutting rotation diameter direction of the indexable carbide insert 29 clamped on the tool tip 7. The compensation amount corresponds to the extension amount of the indexable carbide insert 29 clamped on the tool tip 7, so that the pushing force directly acts on the position of the indexable carbide insert 29.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the bottom end of the compensating tool holder 4 is fixedly connected to a plug-in fixing shaft 3, and the top end of the plug-in fixing shaft 3 is detachably connected to a second locking disc 8. The compensating tool holder 4 and the plug-in fixing shaft 3 are connected by screws through the second locking disc 8 to form a detachable structure. The plug-in fixing shaft 3 is inserted into the mounting hole of the clamping base 26 to realize the connection between the compensating mechanism 2 and the clamping base 26. The second locking disc 8 locks the compensating tool holder 4 and the plug-in fixing shaft 3 with screws. When disassembling, the screws can be loosened to separate them, which is convenient for replacing different specifications of tool holder 6 and compensating mechanism 2 according to different processing requirements, while ensuring connection rigidity and coaxiality.

[0029] The working process of this invention is as follows: First, insert the clamping base 26 into the machine tool spindle and lock it, confirming that all components of the compensation mechanism 2 are assembled in place, and the disc spring assembly 22 is in a pre-compressed state; if it is an active compensation mode, connect the displacement sensor 25, the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 24 to the external control system to complete parameter calibration, and the machine tool spindle drives the entire compensation tool body 1 to rotate synchronously for boring, with a magnitude of 50-70N; while the outward thrust output of the disc spring assembly 22 is 80N, at this time the outward thrust output of the disc spring assembly 22, together with the inward cutting force and the floating adjusting ball 18, provides rolling low friction, and the two sets of compensation components 19 release the pushing force and interact with the floating adjusting ball 18. The rolling friction forces are balanced together. Then, during continuous machining, the cutting edge of the indexable carbide insert 29 clamped at the tool tip 7 wears continuously. This is equivalent to the cutting position of the inward-facing insert gradually moving backward. After the original force balance is broken, the disc spring assembly 22 immediately releases elastic potential energy. Through the tilting positioning column 23 and the pushing corner block 27, it pushes the compensation adjustment disk 17 to move radially outward. The compensation adjustment disk 17 drives the tool holder 6 and the indexable carbide insert 29 clamped at the tool tip 7 to extend outward synchronously. The extension amount is equal to the wear amount of the insert, so that the rotation diameter of the indexable carbide insert 29 clamped at the tool tip 7 is always maintained at the nominal size, realizing automatic compensation for insert wear. The instantaneous radial cutting force will be greater than the 80N pre-thrust of the disc spring assembly 22, causing chipping and machining marks. After the impact, the cutting force returns to the normal range, and the disc spring assembly 22 pushes the tool holder 6 back to its original position to continue machining. The radial float of the tool holder 6 is ±0.05mm. The above is the working principle of this automatically compensated floating boring tool.

Claims

1. A floating tool for boring with automatic compensation, comprising a compensating tool body (1), characterized in that: The compensating tool body (1) includes a compensating mechanism (2), a tool bar (6) and a clamping base (26). The tool bar (6) is connected to the insertion end of the compensating mechanism (2), and the clamping base (26) is connected to the bottom end of the compensating mechanism (2). The compensation mechanism (2) includes a compensation tool holder (4), a compensation ring (10), and a compensation component (19).

2. The automatically compensating floating tool for boring as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The compensation tool holder (4) includes a tool holder body (9), and a tool holder cavity (15) is provided inside the tool holder body (9). A compensation adjustment cavity (16) is reserved inside the tool holder cavity (15).

3. The automatically compensating floating tool for boring as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the compensation knife holder (4) is connected to a first locking disc (5), the bottom of the first locking disc (5) is fixedly connected to a compensation ring (10), and the bottom of the compensation ring (10) is fixedly connected to a plug-in fixing post (11).

4. The automatically compensating floating tool for boring as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The compensation ring (10) includes a first connecting plate (12), a compensation groove (13), and a second connecting plate (14). The second connecting plate (14) is disposed below the first connecting plate (12), and the compensation groove (13) is disposed between the first connecting plate (12) and the second connecting plate (14).

5. The automatically compensating floating tool for boring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The compensation adjustment cavity (16) contains a compensation adjustment disk (17), and floating adjustment beads (18) are provided at both the upper and lower ends of the compensation adjustment disk (17).

6. The automatically compensating floating tool for boring according to claim 5, characterized in that: Both sides of the compensation adjustment disc (17) are provided with compensation components (19), and the compensation components (19) are fixedly connected to the tool holder cavity (15) of the tool holder body (9).

7. A floating tool for boring with automatic compensation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The compensation component (19) includes a connecting rod (20), the bottom end of which is connected to an inclined positioning post (23) inside the disc spring assembly (22). A pushing corner block (27) is provided on the side of the inclined positioning post (23), and the pushing corner block (27) abuts against the side of the compensation adjustment disc (17).

8. A floating tool for boring with automatic compensation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inside of the tool holder cavity (15) is provided with a piezoelectric ceramic actuator (24), and the output end of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator (24) is driven by the compensation adjustment disk (17); a displacement sensor (25) is provided at the top edge of the tool holder body (9), and the displacement sensor (25) and the piezoelectric ceramic actuator (24) are used to form a closed-loop active compensation system with the external control system.

9. A floating tool for boring with automatic compensation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the tool holder (6) is connected to a tool tip (7). The cutting edge of the tool tip (7) is in the same radial plane as the output thrust direction of the compensation component (19), and the tool tip (7) is fitted with an indexable carbide insert (29).

10. A floating tool for boring with automatic compensation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compensating tool holder (4) is connected to a plug-in fixing shaft (3) below. The compensating tool holder (4) and the plug-in fixing shaft (3) are locked together by screws through a second locking disc (8) to form a detachable structure. The clamping base (26) is provided with a mounting hole for the plug-in fixing shaft (3) to be inserted, and adopts a BT40, BT50 or HSK63A standard tool holder interface.

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