Quick clamping device for metal machine tool machining

Abstract

The application is suitable for the metal machine tool processing clamping technical field, and provides a quick clamping device for metal machine tool processing, which comprises a connecting flange, a limiting assembly and a clamping assembly. The application solves the technical problems of the existing metal machine tool processing clamping device, such as insufficient self-sustaining ability of clamping force, repeated clamping positioning accuracy drift and poor adaptability to special-shaped curved surface workpieces. The application sets the self-adaptive buffer mechanism composed of a swing block, a telescopic air rod and a spring damper on the outside of the clamping jaw, sets the clamping ball transmission structure which can adaptively swing with the surface curvature of the workpiece on the upper end of the clamping jaw, simultaneously utilizes the linkage of the cross lifting frame and the lifting boss to realize the effect that the clamping jaw synchronously shrinks inward when the workpiece is pressed down, so that the quick clamping is realized while the clamping force is stable, the positioning is accurate and the device has good adaptability to different shaped workpieces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal machine tooling technology, and more specifically, to a quick clamping device for metal machine tooling. Background Technology

[0002] A quick clamping device for metal machining is a process equipment used on metal cutting machine tools such as lathes, milling machines, and machining centers to quickly position and clamp the workpiece to be processed. Its core is to realize the one-time insertion and synchronous locking of the workpiece through a mechanical linkage structure, so as to replace the inefficient clamping method of tightening bolts one by one or adjusting chucks one by one.

[0003] Currently, most quick clamping devices for metal processing on the market adopt structures such as cam clamping, lever clamping, or bidirectional screw-driven clamping plates. Although they can shorten clamping time to a certain extent, they still have many shortcomings in actual processing.

[0004] In milling and turning machining or under high cutting force conditions, cutting vibration can easily cause fluctuations in the friction coefficient of self-locking mechanisms such as cams or wedges, which in turn can lead to self-locking degradation and clamping force attenuation, causing micro-displacement or even loosening of the workpiece, directly affecting machining accuracy and surface quality. At the same time, pneumatic or hydraulically driven fixtures may also experience clamping force drift when the air source pressure fluctuates or the pipeline leaks.

[0005] Furthermore, existing quick-clamping devices suffer from cumulative errors in positioning datum after repeated assembly and disassembly, making it difficult to guarantee repeatability accuracy. For irregularly shaped or curved workpieces, the rigid clamping head cannot adaptively conform to the workpiece surface, easily causing localized stress concentration and workpiece deformation, resulting in poor clamping adaptability. Therefore, a quick-clamping device for metal machining is proposed to address these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a quick clamping device for metal machine tool processing, so as to solve the problems of unstable clamping force, poor repeatability and poor adaptability to irregular workpieces in existing quick clamping devices.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] This invention relates to a quick clamping device for metal machine tool processing, comprising a connecting flange for connection with related rotary equipment. A limiting assembly is mounted on the top of the connecting flange. The limiting assembly includes a mounting cylinder connected to the top of the connecting flange. A clamping assembly is movably disposed inside the mounting cylinder. The clamping assembly includes four clamping jaws. Each clamping jaw has a horizontally formed directional groove on its outer center. Two sets of snap-fit ​​gaskets are mounted on the left and right sides of the inner wall of each directional groove. A swing block is mounted in the middle of every two snap-fit ​​gaskets on the same horizontal plane. Each swing block is positioned at a distance from... Each end of the directional slot is connected to a telescopic air rod. A limit plate is installed at the lower end of the telescopic air rod, and a limit post is connected to the upper surface of the limit plate perpendicular to the lower end of the telescopic air rod. Each clamping claw is equipped with a clamping assembly at its upper end. Each clamping assembly includes an installation port opened on the inner side of the upper end of the clamping claw. A rotating main shaft is vertically inserted through the middle of the inner wall of each installation port. A main drive column is coaxially installed on the surface of each rotating main shaft. A clamping ball is installed on the side of each main drive column near the open end of the installation port. A driven rotating shaft is inserted through the middle of each clamping ball in the vertical direction.

[0009] As a preferred further embodiment, each of the snap-fit ​​gaskets is E-shaped and interlocks with each other, a limit cover is installed on the side wall of the clamping claw at the open end of each of the directional slots, a U-shaped rotating frame is installed on the top of each swing block near the telescopic air rod and the limit post, and two hinge plates are connected to the upper and lower ends of each of the telescopic air rods, and each of the hinge plates is installed inside the U-shaped rotating frame through a mounting shaft.

[0010] As a preferred further embodiment, the limiting disc is sleeved on the upper end of the mounting cylinder. The upper surface of the limiting disc has four square openings that are equidistant and vertically arranged. Two sets of spring dampers are installed on the left and right sides of the inner wall of each square opening. The middle of every two spring dampers on the same horizontal plane is fixedly connected to the limiting post. The upper and lower ends of the limiting post are engaged with the upper and lower end faces of the square openings.

[0011] As a further preferred embodiment, the upper and lower ends of the limiting post are both fitted with elastic buffer pads, which are located between the upper and lower end faces of the square opening and the limiting post.

[0012] As a preferred further embodiment, the upper surface of the mounting cylinder is provided with a conical groove, and the inner wall of the conical groove is provided with four gripper grooves. The gripper grooves and the gripping claws slide against each other, and a cross lifting frame is installed at the lower end of the four gripping claws.

[0013] As a preferred further embodiment, the lower ends of the four clamping claws are movably connected to the cross lifting frame via mounting shafts. A support rod is connected to the middle of the upper surface of the cross lifting frame, and a lifting boss is connected to the upper end of the support rod.

[0014] As a preferred further embodiment, the lower end of the conical groove is provided with a cylindrical groove, and the bottom of the cylindrical groove is provided with a strip groove in the vertical direction. Each clamping claw is connected to a lifting rod at its lower end, and the lifting rod and the strip groove slide in cooperation with each other.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages:

[0016] 1. This invention provides an adaptive buffer mechanism consisting of a swing block, a telescopic air rod, and a spring damper on the outside of the clamping jaws. This mechanism allows the clamping jaws to make slight swings and extensions to compensate for irregular shapes on the workpiece surface when clamping the workpiece, thereby ensuring uniform distribution of clamping force and avoiding workpiece deformation caused by local stress concentration. At the same time, the spring damper can absorb vibration energy during the cutting process and maintain stable and undiminished clamping force.

[0017] 2. This invention features an adaptive rotary clamping structure consisting of a main drive column, a clamping ball, and a meshing column at the upper end of the clamping jaws. This structure allows the clamping ball to automatically rotate and adjust the contact angle according to the curvature of the workpiece when it contacts the workpiece surface. This, combined with the driven rotation shaft, enables multi-directional adaptive contact, thus providing excellent adaptability to irregular and curved workpieces. Furthermore, the arc-shaped design of the meshing column effectively reduces transmission friction, making the clamping action smoother.

[0018] 3. This invention utilizes a linkage structure of a cross-shaped lifting frame, a support rod, and a lifting boss. When a workpiece is placed on the lifting boss, its own weight and downward pressure cause the lifting boss to descend. This, in turn, pushes the cross-shaped lifting frame downward via the support rod, causing the four clamping jaws to synchronously retract inward along the jaw grooves to clamp the workpiece. This achieves a self-locking effect where the heavier the workpiece, the tighter the clamping. Simultaneously, the guiding function of the limiting plate and limiting post ensures the positioning accuracy for repeated clamping. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a quick clamping device for metal processing proposed in this invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a quick clamping device for metal processing proposed in this invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping jaw installation structure of a quick clamping device for metal processing proposed in this invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the clamping jaws of a quick clamping device for metal processing proposed in this invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the clamping jaws of a quick clamping device for metal processing proposed in this invention;

[0024] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of part A in the middle;

[0025] Figure 7 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of part B in the middle;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the mounting cylinder of a quick clamping device for metal machine tool processing proposed in this invention.

[0027] In the attached diagram: 1. Connecting flange; 2. Limiting assembly; 201. Mounting cylinder; 202. Directional groove; 203. Snap-on gasket; 204. Swing block; 205. Telescopic air rod; 206. Limiting plate; 207. Limiting post; 208. Limiting cover; 209. U-shaped rotating frame; 210. Hinge plate; 211. Square opening; 212. Spring damper; 213. Conical groove; 214. Gripper groove; 215. Cross lifting frame; 21 6. Support rod; 217. Lifting boss; 218. Columnar groove; 219. Strip groove; 220. Lifting rod; 221. Clamping claw; 3. Clamping assembly; 301. Mounting port; 302. Rotary spindle; 303. Main drive column; 304. Clamping ball; 305. Driven rotating shaft; 306. Engaging column; 307. Driven turntable; 308. Spring connecting disc; 309. Deep groove ball bearing; 310. Limiting cylinder; 4. Mounting shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of this application will now be described in detail. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only configured to explain this application and are not configured to limit this application. For those skilled in the art, this application can be implemented without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely to provide a better understanding of this application by illustrating examples of this application.

[0029] Example 1, please refer to Figures 1-8 Structural diagram; the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0030] Specifically, it refers to a quick clamping device for metal processing, including a connecting flange 1 for connection with related rotating equipment. A limiting assembly 2 is installed on the top of the connecting flange 1. The limiting assembly 2 includes a mounting cylinder 201 connected to the top of the connecting flange 1. A clamping assembly 3 is movably disposed inside the mounting cylinder 201. The clamping assembly 3 includes four clamping jaws 221. A directional groove 202 is horizontally formed on the outer center of the outer side of each clamping jaw 221. Two sets of snap-fit ​​gaskets 203 are installed on the left and right sides of the inner wall of each directional groove 202. A swing block 204 is installed in the middle of every two snap-fit ​​gaskets 203 on the same horizontal plane. Each swing block 204 is located away from the inner wall of the directional groove 202. Each of the clamping claws 221 is connected to a telescopic air rod 205 at one end. A limiting plate 206 is installed at the lower end of the telescopic air rod 205. A limiting post 207 is connected to the upper surface of the limiting plate 206 perpendicular to the lower end of the telescopic air rod 205. Each clamping claw 221 is equipped with a clamping assembly 3 at its upper end. The clamping assembly 3 includes an installation port 301 opened on the inner side of the upper end of the clamping claw 221. A rotating spindle 302 is vertically inserted through the middle of the inner wall of each installation port 301. A main drive column 303 is coaxially installed on the surface of each rotating spindle 302. A clamping ball 304 is installed on the side of each main drive column 303 near the open end of the installation port 301. A driven rotating shaft 305 is inserted through the middle of each clamping ball 304 in the vertical direction.

[0031] The working principle of the quick clamping device for metal processing provided by this invention is as follows:

[0032] In use, the workpiece to be processed is placed above the lifting boss 217. Under its own weight, the workpiece presses down on the lifting boss 217. The lifting boss 217 drives the cross lifting frame 215 to move downward through the support rod 216, thereby causing the four clamping claws 221 to retract inward synchronously along the clamping claw groove 214. The clamping ball 304 at the upper end of the clamping claw 221 contacts the surface of the workpiece and rotates adaptively with the curvature of the workpiece to fit together, thus completing the quick clamping of the workpiece.

[0033] Example 2 differs from Example 1 in that:

[0034] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, based on Embodiment 1, each of the snap-fit ​​pads 203 is E-shaped and interlocks with each other. A limit cover 208 is installed on the side wall of the clamping claw 221 at the open end of each of the directional grooves 202. A U-shaped rotating frame 209 is installed on the top of each swing block 204 near the telescopic air rod 205 and the limit post 207. Two hinge plates 210 are connected to the upper and lower ends of each of the telescopic air rods 205. Each hinge plate 210 is installed inside the U-shaped rotating frame 209 through the mounting shaft 4. With the above structure, the swing block 204 can swing flexibly in the directional groove 202. The telescopic air rod 205 achieves multi-directional adaptive adjustment through the hinge plate 210 and the U-shaped rotating frame 209, so that the clamping claw 221 can make slight posture adjustments according to the shape of the workpiece during the clamping process.

[0035] Example 3 differs from Example 2 in that:

[0036] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown in Embodiment 2, the limiting disk 206 is sleeved on the upper end of the mounting cylinder 201. The upper surface of the limiting disk 206 has four square openings 211 that are equidistant and vertically arranged. Two sets of spring dampers 212 are installed on the left and right sides of the inner wall of each square opening 211. The middle of every two spring dampers 212 on the same horizontal plane is fixedly connected to the limiting post 207. The upper and lower ends of the limiting post 207 are engaged with the upper and lower end faces of the square opening 211. The upper and lower ends of the limiting post 207 are sleeved with elastic buffer pads. Through the cooperation of the spring dampers 212 and the elastic buffer pads, vibration impact can be absorbed and the clamping force can be kept stable during the clamping process. At the same time, the engagement of the limiting post 207 with the square opening 211 ensures the accuracy of the movement trajectory of the clamping claw 221.

[0037] Working Principle: In use, this device is first fixedly connected to the machine tool's rotating equipment via connecting flange 1. Then, the workpiece to be processed is placed on the lifting boss 217 above the mounting cylinder 201. Under its own weight, the workpiece exerts downward pressure on the lifting boss 217. The lifting boss 217 transmits power to the cross-lifting frame 215 via support rod 216, causing the cross-lifting frame 215 to move downwards along the cylindrical groove 218. Simultaneously, the cross-lifting frame 215 moves downwards, driving the four clamping jaws 221 to slide synchronously downwards along the jaw groove 214 via the mounting shaft 4. Since the jaw groove 214 is inclined along the conical surface of the conical groove 213, the clamping jaws 221 are subjected to radial pressure from the inner wall of the conical groove 213 during their downward sliding along the inclined jaw groove 214. The clamping force generates an inward contraction component, causing the four clamping jaws 221 to move towards the workpiece from all sides and complete the initial clamping. The heavier the workpiece and the greater the downward displacement, the greater the inward contraction of the clamping jaws 221, resulting in a tighter clamping and a self-locking effect. The lifting rod 220 connected to the lower end of the clamping jaws 221 slides along the strip groove 219 to ensure the stability of the movement direction. During the clamping process, the clamping ball 304 in the mounting port 301 at the upper end of the clamping jaws 221 first contacts the workpiece surface. The clamping ball 304 has a spherical structure, and its spherical surface can adaptively conform to the workpiece surface with different curvatures. The driven rotating shaft 305 allows the clamping ball 304 to rotate freely around the shaft when in contact to reduce friction. The main drive column 303 forms a transmission engagement with the clamping ball 304 through the meshing column 306, enabling the clamping... During rotation, ball 304 maintains a stable clamping torque, and the meshing column adopts an arc-shaped design to further reduce transmission friction. Simultaneously, the swing block 204 within the outer directional groove 202 of the clamping jaw 221 swings adaptively under the constraint of the snap-fit ​​pad 203. The telescopic air rod 205 is a gas spring-type elastic telescopic rod with built-in high-pressure gas, requiring no external air source. Extension and retraction are achieved through the hinge plate 210 and the U-shaped rotating frame 209, thus providing elastic buffering and adaptive compensation for the clamping force of the clamping jaw 221, avoiding localized stress concentration caused by irregular workpiece shapes. The square opening 211 on the limiting plate 206 cooperates with the limiting post 207, and the spring damper 212 provides elastic support and damping for the limiting post 207. The buffer allows the clamping jaws 221 to absorb vibration energy through the spring damper 212 when subjected to cutting vibration, maintaining the stability of the clamping force. The active turntables 307 at both ends of the rotating spindle 302 cooperate with the deep groove ball bearings 309 through the spring connecting discs 308, providing elastic reset capability and rotational support for the rotation of the clamping balls 304, so that the clamping balls 304 can automatically reset to the initial state after being removed from the workpiece. After the machining is completed, the workpiece is lifted upward, the lifting boss 217 loses downward pressure, and the cross lifting frame 215 resets upward under the action of various elastic elements such as the telescopic air rod 205, the spring damper 212 and the spring connecting discs 308. The clamping jaws 221 open outward along the jaw grooves 214, and the workpiece can be quickly removed, completing the entire clamping cycle.

[0038] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any simple changes, equivalent substitutions, or modifications made based on the present invention to solve essentially the same technical problems and achieve essentially the same technical effects are all covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quick clamping device for metal machine tool processing, comprising a connecting flange (1) for connection with related rotary equipment, characterized in that: A limit assembly (2) is installed on the top of the connecting flange (1); The limiting component (2) includes a mounting cylinder (201) connected to the top of the connecting flange (1). A clamping component (3) is movably arranged inside the mounting cylinder (201). The clamping component (3) includes four clamping claws (221). A directional groove (202) is horizontally opened in the middle of the outer side of each clamping claw (221). Two sets of snap-fit ​​gaskets (203) are installed on the left and right sides of the inner wall of each directional groove (202). A swing block (204) is installed in the middle of each pair of snap-fit ​​gaskets (203) on the same horizontal plane. A telescopic air rod (205) is connected to the end of each swing block (204) away from the inner wall of the directional groove (202). A limiting plate (206) is installed at the lower end of the telescopic air rod (205). A limiting post (207) is connected to the upper surface of the limiting plate (206) perpendicular to the lower end of the telescopic air rod (205). Each of the clamping claws (221) is equipped with a clamping assembly (3) at its upper end. Each clamping assembly (3) includes a mounting port (301) opened on the inner side of the upper end of the clamping claw (221). A rotating shaft is vertically passed through the middle of the inner wall of each mounting port (301). A main drive column (303) is coaxially mounted on the surface of each rotating shaft. A clamping ball (304) is mounted on the side of each main drive column (303) near the open end of the mounting port (301). A driven rotating shaft (305) passes through the middle of each clamping ball (304) in the vertical direction.

2. The quick clamping device for metal processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the snap-fit ​​gaskets (203) is E-shaped and interlocks with each other. A limit cover (208) is installed on the side wall of the clamping claw (221) at the open end of each of the directional slots (202). A U-shaped rotating frame (209) is installed on the top of each swing block (204) near the telescopic air rod (205) and the limit post (207). Two hinge plates (210) are connected to the upper and lower ends of each of the telescopic air rods (205). Each hinge plate (210) is installed inside the U-shaped rotating frame (209) through the mounting shaft (4).

3. The quick clamping device for metal processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting plate (206) is sleeved on the upper end of the mounting cylinder (201). The upper surface of the limiting plate (206) has four square openings (211) that are equidistant and vertical. Two sets of spring dampers (212) are installed on the left and right sides of the inner wall of each square opening (211). The middle part of every two spring dampers (212) on the same horizontal plane is fixedly connected to the limiting post (207). The upper and lower ends of the limiting post (207) are engaged with the upper and lower end faces of the square opening (211).

4. The quick clamping device for metal processing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper and lower ends of the limiting post (207) are fitted with elastic buffer pads, which are located between the upper and lower end faces of the square opening (211) and the limiting post (207).

5. A quick clamping device for metal processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper surface of the mounting cylinder (201) is provided with a conical groove (213), and the inner wall of the conical groove (213) is provided with four claw grooves (214). The claw grooves (214) and the clamping claws (221) slide and cooperate with each other. The lower ends of the four clamping claws (221) are equipped with cross lifting frames (215).

6. The quick clamping device for metal processing according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lower ends of the four clamping claws (221) are movably connected to the cross lifting frame (215) via the mounting shaft (4). A support rod (216) is connected to the middle of the upper surface of the cross lifting frame (215), and a lifting boss (217) is connected to the upper end of the support rod (216).

7. A quick clamping device for metal processing according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lower end of the conical groove (213) is provided with a cylindrical groove (218), and the bottom of the cylindrical groove (218) is provided with a strip groove (219) in the vertical direction. Each of the clamping claws (221) is connected to a lifting rod (220) at its lower end. The lifting rod (220) and the strip groove (219) slide in each other.

8. A quick clamping device for metal processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the upper and lower ends of the rotating shaft are equipped with an active turntable (307). The two active turntables (307) are connected to spring connecting discs (308) at their ends that are far apart in the vertical direction. The two spring connecting discs (308) are equipped with deep groove ball bearings (309) at their ends that are far apart from each other.

9. A quick clamping device for metal processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two sets of meshing columns (306) are equidistantly installed at the middle of the outer ring surface of each main drive column (303) and the outer ring surface of the clamping ball (304) along the vertical direction.

10. A quick clamping device for metal processing according to claim 9, characterized in that, The ratio of the length of the meshing column (306) mounted on the surface of the main drive column (303) to the length of the meshing column (306) mounted on the outer ring surface of the clamping ball (304) is 5:1, and all meshing columns (306) are arc-shaped to reduce friction.

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