Compound fertilizer with quality improving and disease resistance functions

Abstract

The application provides a compound fertilizer with quality improvement and disease resistance function, and relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizer.The raw material quality percentage is as follows: nitrogen 12%-35%, diaphosphine 5%-25%, potassium oxide 1%-30%, silicon 1%-4.5%, titanium 0.2%-2.6%, calcium 0.1%-1.2%, magnesium 0.01%-0.08%, sulfur 0.02%-0.25%, iron 0.5%-3.5%, lanthanide series light rare earth element 60ppm-150ppm, and the rest is an additive.The application constructs a multi-functional configuration of macroelement basic nutrients, chelated functional microelements and the like, and organically combines crop nutrition supply, quality improvement, disease resistance and adversity resistance with soil ecological improvement, so that the comprehensive demand of crops for macroelements, medium elements and microelements can be met at one time, the soil physical and chemical properties and biological properties are improved through organic materials and microorganisms, and the use of land and fertilization is combined;farmers do not need to separately purchase medium and microelement fertilizer, microbial fertilizer and organic fertilizer, one fertilizer is used for multiple purposes, time and labor are saved, and the fertilization cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural fertilizer technology, and in particular to a compound fertilizer with the functions of improving quality and resisting disease. Background Technology

[0002] Fertilizer is a core input in agricultural production and an important material foundation for ensuring national food security. my country's fertilizer industry has developed rapidly, and compound fertilizers, due to their comprehensive nutrients, convenient application, and labor-saving properties, have gradually become the main fertilizer type in agricultural production, with annual production and application ranking first in the world.

[0003] First, traditional fertilization practices commonly contain misconceptions such as "emphasizing chemical fertilizers and neglecting organic fertilizers" and "emphasizing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium while neglecting micronutrients." Farmers often over-rely on chemical fertilizers, especially the input of macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, while ignoring the crucial role of micronutrients in crop growth and development. This imbalance in nutrient input easily leads to physiological disorders in crops, such as nutrient deficiencies, stunted growth, and weakened resistance. Furthermore, long-term use of compound fertilizers alone can lead to soil salt accumulation, damaging soil aggregate structure and causing soil compaction, acidification, or salinization. This significantly reduces the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity and aeration, deteriorating the root growth environment and ultimately resulting in a vicious cycle of "the more fertilizer applied, the worse the soil fertility." Second, to compensate for the shortcomings of single compound fertilizers, growers need to purchase additional micronutrient fertilizers, microbial fertilizers, organic fertilizers, and other agricultural inputs for combined application. This not only increases the difficulty and financial investment for farmers but also significantly increases the labor intensity of field management. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a compound fertilizer with quality improvement and disease resistance functions, thereby solving the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0006] A compound fertilizer with quality improvement and disease resistance functions is composed of the following raw materials by mass percentage: nitrogen 12%-35%, phosphorus pentoxide 5%-25%, potassium oxide 1%-30%, silicon 1%-4.5%, titanium 0.2%-2.6%, calcium 0.1%-1.2%, magnesium 0.01%-0.08%, sulfur 0.02%-0.25%, iron 0.5%-3.5%, lanthanide light rare earth elements 60ppm-150ppm, and the balance of additives.

[0007] Furthermore, the raw materials are expressed in the following percentages by mass: nitrogen 18%–28%, phosphorus pentoxide 7%–20%, potassium oxide 5%–20%, silicon 1.5%–3.0%, titanium 0.8%–1.6%, calcium 0.3%–0.6%, magnesium 0.03%–0.06%, sulfur 0.05%–0.1%, iron 1.0%–2.0%, lanthanide light rare earth elements 80 ppm–120 ppm, and additives to balance.

[0008] Furthermore, the nitrogen source is selected from two or three of urea, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium phosphate; the phosphorus source is selected from one or more of ammonium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, and superphosphate; and the potassium source is potassium sulfate.

[0009] Furthermore, the nitrogen source is a mixture of urea and monoammonium phosphate in a mass ratio of 3:1 to 6:1; the phosphorus source is a mixture of ammonium phosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate in a mass ratio of 2:1 to 5:1.

[0010] Furthermore, the iron, titanium, and lanthanide light rare earth elements are all in a composite amino acid chelate state, with a chelation rate of ≥85%.

[0011] Furthermore, the lanthanide light rare earth elements are a mixture of lanthanum oxide and cerium oxide in a mass ratio of 1:1.5 to 1:2.5.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] (I) This invention constructs a multi-functional configuration integrating macro-element basic nutrients and chelated functional micro-elements, organically combining crop nutrition supply, quality improvement, disease and stress resistance with soil ecological improvement. Applying this fertilizer can meet the comprehensive needs of crops for macro-, medium-, and micro-elements in one application. At the same time, it improves the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil through organic materials and microorganisms, achieving a combination of fertilization and maintenance in arable land. Farmers do not need to purchase micro-fertilizers, microbial fertilizers, or organic fertilizers separately. One fertilizer can be used for multiple purposes, saving labor and time and reducing fertilization costs.

[0014] (II) The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of this invention covers a wide range and can be flexibly adjusted according to the fertilizer requirements of crops: the high nitrogen formula is suitable for crops with high nitrogen requirements such as corn, wheat and leafy vegetables; the balanced formula is suitable for oil crops such as peanuts and soybeans; the high phosphorus and high potassium formula is suitable for solanaceous cash crops such as tomatoes and fruit trees; the wide formula design greatly improves the versatility and adaptability of the product, and a set of production processes can produce a variety of formula products, reducing production and management costs, and making it easier for farmers to select the corresponding formula according to the crop to achieve precision fertilization;

[0015] (III) This invention utilizes the scientific combination and synergistic effect of silicon, titanium, and rare earth iron multifunctional system. The four elements exert their effects through different physiological pathways, forming a three-dimensional complementary functional network, which is far more effective than the simple superposition of single elements. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and technical effects of this invention clearer, specific embodiments of this invention are described below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0017] This embodiment provides a compound fertilizer with quality improvement and disease resistance functions, made from the following raw materials: nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, silicon, titanium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, lanthanide light rare earth elements, and additives. Specific effects are as follows:

[0018] Nitrogen: It is a component of core substances such as proteins, nucleic acids, chlorophyll, enzymes, vitamins, and plant hormones; it significantly promotes the growth of crop stems and leaves, increases leaf area index and chlorophyll content, and builds a photosynthetic framework for high yield;

[0019] Phosphorus pentoxide (PPO): It is a component of key substances in plants such as nucleic acids, phospholipids, ATP, and coenzymes; it promotes cell division and root development, and is a core element for root formation, flower bud differentiation, and reproductive growth in crop seedlings; it enhances crop resistance to cold and drought, promotes early maturity, and increases seed setting rate and grain plumpness; it significantly promotes root growth in the seedling stage, increasing root length, root weight, and root vitality, shortening the seedling establishment period, and improving seedling stress resistance; during the growth period, it promotes flower bud differentiation and grain filling, increases seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight, and reduces empty grains;

[0020] Potassium oxide: The most abundant cation in plants. As an activator of various enzymes, it regulates stomatal opening and closing and cell osmotic pressure, enhances crop drought resistance, cold resistance and lodging resistance, strengthens crop stem strength, significantly reduces lodging rate, and its anti-lodging effect is more prominent when combined with silicon. It also promotes carbohydrate accumulation and translocation, increases the content of soluble sugar and vitamin C in fruits and vegetables, and increases the starch content in grain crops.

[0021] Silicon significantly reduces the incidence of leaf and soil-borne diseases in crops, and has a stable control effect on corn leaf blight, wheat powdery mildew, and tomato early blight; it enhances the crop's resistance to lodging, drought, and low temperatures, and improves yield stability under adverse conditions; it improves crop grain filling and filling, enhances grain plumpness and processing quality, and extends the functional leaf life of crops such as rice and wheat.

[0022] Titanium: Increases chlorophyll content and chloroplast stability, enhances photosynthetic electron transport efficiency, significantly improves net photosynthetic rate, and increases dry matter accumulation; enhances crop stress resistance, and significantly reduces yield reduction under adverse conditions such as high temperature and drought.

[0023] Calcium: stabilizes cell wall and cell membrane structure, enhances cell mechanical strength, reduces pathogen invasion, and prevents physiological diseases; promotes root development, enhances root vitality and nutrient absorption capacity; reduces crop physiological diseases, and improves the appearance quality and storage resistance of fruits and grains.

[0024] Magnesium: an activator of many enzymes; maintains the normal green color of leaves, prevents chlorosis and yellowing of the middle and lower leaves, and prolongs the lifespan of functional leaves;

[0025] Sulfur: a component of sulfur-containing amino acids, proteins, and coenzymes; it increases the proportion of sulfur-containing amino acids in grain proteins and improves the nutritional quality of grain crops.

[0026] Iron: An essential micronutrient for plants, it participates in the core physiological processes of photosynthesis and respiration; it effectively prevents iron deficiency chlorosis in crops, maintains dark green leaves and high photosynthetic activity, and is especially effective in calcareous soils.

[0027] Lanthanide light rare earth elements: regulate the balance of endogenous hormones in crops, promote seed germination, root growth and cell division; use amino acid chelated light rare earth elements to improve bioavailability, avoid the accumulation and fixation of rare earth elements in the soil, and ensure precise and safe dosage; promote the growth of roots and stems and leaves in crop seedlings, resulting in robust plants with strong stress resistance;

[0028] Additives: including binders, stabilizers and fillers, used to ensure granulation performance and product stability.

[0029] Example 1:

[0030] The raw materials, by weight percentage, are: nitrogen 12%-35%, phosphorus pentoxide 5%-25%, potassium oxide 1%-30%, silicon 1%-4.5%, titanium 0.2%-2.6%, calcium 0.1%-1.2%, magnesium 0.01%-0.08%, sulfur 0.02%-0.25%, iron 0.5%-3.5%, lanthanide light rare earth elements 60ppm-150ppm, and additives as the balance; in this embodiment, the additive is a binder; it should be noted that in this embodiment... In the examples, the nitrogen source is selected from urea and ammonium sulfate; the phosphorus source is selected from ammonium phosphate; the potassium source is potassium sulfate; the nitrogen source is a mixture of urea and monoammonium phosphate in a mass ratio of 3:1 to 6:1; the phosphorus source is a mixture of ammonium phosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate in a mass ratio of 2:1 to 5:1; the iron, titanium, and lanthanide light rare earth elements are all in a composite amino acid chelated state with a chelation rate ≥85%; the lanthanide light rare earth elements are a mixture of lanthanum oxide and cerium oxide in a mass ratio of 1:1.5 to 1:2.5;

[0031] S1: Weigh the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium source raw materials according to the target formula ratio, and crush them to 80 mesh in a crusher. Then, put them into a horizontal double-spiral mixer and mix for 10 minutes to ensure uniform mixing. Add 1% of the total mass of bentonite binder and continue mixing for 5 minutes. Send the mixed material to a rotary drum granulator and pass 0.2 MPa of saturated steam for primary granulation. Control the material temperature at 50℃ and the granulation time at 8 minutes. After granulation, send the material to a rotary dryer and dry it at 100℃ until the moisture content is ≤2%. Then, send it to a vibrating screen for sieving and collect particles with a diameter of 2 mm as core particles for later use.

[0032] S2: Weigh out potassium silicate, calcium silicate powder, amino acid chelated iron, amino acid chelated titanium, amino acid chelated rare earth and other trace element raw materials according to the formula ratio, crush them to 100 mesh, add 50% of the mineral-derived potassium humate and an appropriate amount of bentonite, put them into a mixer and mix evenly to use as the middle layer coating material; send the core particles prepared in step S1 into a rotary drum coating machine, adjust the speed to 30 rpm, spray a 1% carboxymethyl cellulose binder solution, and at the same time evenly add the middle layer coating material for secondary granulation and coating, coating time 15 min; after coating, send the particles into a dryer and dry at 80℃ until the moisture content is ≤3%, sieve and collect particles with a particle size of 3 mm as intermediate layer particles for later use;

[0033] S3: Add the remaining binder to step 2 as the outer coating material; transfer the intermediate layer particles prepared in step S2 into a rotary drum coating machine, adjust the speed to 25 rpm, spray the carboxymethyl cellulose binder solution at low temperature, and slowly and evenly add the outer coating material for a third coating, with a coating time of 10 minutes; after coating, send the particles into a low-temperature hot air dryer, control the inlet air temperature to 40℃, and dry until the moisture content is ≤5% to avoid killing microorganisms with high temperature; finally, after sieving, cooling, metering and packaging, obtain uniform particle finished products with a particle size of 4mm.

[0034] Example 2:

[0035] The raw materials, by weight percentage, are: nitrogen 18%-28%, phosphorus pentoxide 7%-20%, potassium oxide 5%-20%, silicon 1.5%-3.0%, titanium 0.8%-1.6%, calcium 0.3%-0.6%, magnesium 0.03%-0.06%, sulfur 0.05%-0.1%, iron 1.0%-2.0%, lanthanide light rare earth elements 80ppm-120ppm, and additives to balance; in this embodiment, the additives are stabilizers; it should be noted that in this embodiment, the nitrogen... The source is selected from ammonium sulfate and ammonium phosphate; the phosphorus source is selected from one or more of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and superphosphate; the potassium source is potassium sulfate; the nitrogen source is composed of urea and monoammonium phosphate in a mass ratio of 3:1 to 6:1; the phosphorus source is composed of ammonium phosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in a mass ratio of 2:1 to 5:1; the iron, titanium, and lanthanide light rare earth elements are all in a composite amino acid chelated state with a chelation rate ≥85%; the lanthanide light rare earth elements are a mixture of lanthanum oxide and cerium oxide in a mass ratio of 1:1.5 to 1:2.5;

[0036] S1: Weigh the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium source raw materials according to the target formula ratio, and crush them to 100 mesh in a crusher. Then, put them into a horizontal double-spiral mixer and mix for 15 minutes to ensure uniform mixing. Add 2% of the total mass of bentonite binder and continue mixing for 5 minutes. Send the mixed material to a rotary drum granulator and pass 0.3 MPa of saturated steam for primary granulation. Control the material temperature at 60℃ and the granulation time at 12 minutes. After granulation, send the material to a rotary dryer and dry it at 110℃ until the moisture content is ≤2%. Then, send the material to a vibrating screen for sieving and collect particles with a diameter of 3 mm as core particles for later use.

[0037] S2: Weigh out potassium silicate, calcium silicate powder, amino acid chelated iron, amino acid chelated titanium, amino acid chelated rare earth and other trace element raw materials according to the formula ratio, crush them to 120 mesh, add 50% of the mineral-derived potassium humate and an appropriate amount of bentonite, put them into a mixer and mix evenly to use as the middle layer coating material; send the core particles prepared in step S1 into a rotary drum coating machine, adjust the speed to 40 rpm, spray a 2% carboxymethyl cellulose binder solution, and at the same time evenly add the middle layer coating material for secondary granulation and coating, coating time 20 min; after coating, send the particles into a dryer and dry at 90℃ until the moisture content is ≤3%, sieve and collect particles with a particle size of 4 mm as intermediate layer particles for later use;

[0038] S3: Add the remaining stabilizer to step 2 as the outer coating material; transfer the intermediate layer particles prepared in step S2 into a rotary drum coating machine, adjust the speed to 35 rpm, spray the carboxymethyl cellulose binder solution at low temperature, and slowly and evenly add the outer coating material for a third coating, with a coating time of 15 min; after coating, send the particles into a low-temperature hot air dryer, control the inlet air temperature to 45℃, and dry until the moisture content is ≤5% to avoid killing microorganisms with high temperature; finally, after sieving, cooling, metering and packaging, obtain a uniform particle product with a particle size of 5 mm.

[0039] Example 3:

[0040] The raw materials are as follows by mass percentage: nitrogen 25%, phosphorus pentoxide 15%, potassium oxide 15%, silicon 2.0%, titanium 1.2%, calcium 0.4%, magnesium 0.05%, sulfur 0.08%, iron 1.5%, lanthanide light rare earth elements 100ppm, and additives to balance; in this embodiment, the additives are fillers; it should be noted that in this embodiment, the nitrogen source is selected from urea, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium phosphate; the phosphorus source is selected from ammonium phosphate and superphosphate; the potassium source is potassium sulfate; the nitrogen source is composed of urea and monoammonium phosphate in a mass ratio of 3:1 to 6:1; the phosphorus source is composed of ammonium phosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in a mass ratio of 2:1 to 5:1; the iron, titanium, and lanthanide light rare earth elements are all in a composite amino acid chelated state with a chelation rate ≥85%; the lanthanide light rare earth elements are a mixture of lanthanum oxide and cerium oxide in a mass ratio of 1:1.5 to 1:2.5;

[0041] S1: Weigh the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium source raw materials according to the target formula ratio, and crush them to 90 mesh in a crusher. Then, put them into a horizontal double-spiral mixer and mix for 12 minutes to ensure uniform mixing. Add 1.5% of the total mass of bentonite binder and continue mixing for 5 minutes. Send the mixed material to a rotary drum granulator and pass 0.25 MPa saturated steam for primary granulation. Control the material temperature at 55℃ and the granulation time for 10 minutes. After granulation, send the material to a rotary dryer and dry it at 105℃ until the moisture content is ≤2%. Then, send it to a vibrating screen for screening and collect particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm as core particles for later use.

[0042] S2: Weigh potassium silicate, calcium silicate powder, amino acid chelated iron, amino acid chelated titanium, amino acid chelated rare earth and other trace element raw materials according to the formula ratio, crush them to 110 mesh, add 50% of the mineral-derived potassium humate and an appropriate amount of bentonite, put them into a mixer and mix evenly to use as the middle layer coating material; send the core particles prepared in step S1 into a rotary drum coating machine, adjust the speed to 35 rpm, spray with a 1.5% carboxymethyl cellulose binder solution, and at the same time evenly add the middle layer coating material for secondary granulation and coating, coating time 17 min; after coating, send the particles into a dryer and dry at 85℃ until the moisture content is ≤3%, sieve and collect particles with a particle size of 3.5 mm as intermediate layer particles for later use;

[0043] S3: Add the remaining filler to step 2 as the outer coating material; transfer the intermediate layer particles prepared in step S2 into a rotary drum coating machine, adjust the speed to 30 rpm, spray the carboxymethyl cellulose binder solution at low temperature, and slowly and evenly add the outer coating material for a third coating, with a coating time of 13 min; after coating, send the particles into a low-temperature hot air dryer, control the inlet air temperature to 43℃, and dry until the moisture content is ≤5% to avoid killing microorganisms with high temperature; finally, after sieving, cooling, metering and packaging, obtain a uniform particle product with a particle size of 4.5 mm.

[0044] Application instructions:

[0045] The compound fertilizer of this invention is mainly used as a base fertilizer, applied during land preparation and then tilled into the soil. Recommended dosage:

[0046] For field cereal crops, such as corn, wheat, and rice: use the formula in Example 1, 40-60 kg per mu, and adjust appropriately according to soil fertility;

[0047] Oil crops, such as peanuts and soybeans: use the formula in Example 2, 40-50 kg per mu;

[0048] For cash crops such as solanaceous fruits and fruit trees: use the formula in Example 3, 50-80 kg per mu, or adjust according to the target yield;

[0049] For fast-growing leafy vegetables: use the formula from Example 1, at a rate of 30-50 kg per acre.

[0050] This fertilizer can also be used as seed fertilizer. Please ensure that the seed fertilizer is kept 8-10cm away from the seed fertilizer to avoid burning the seed. During the growing season, the amount of fertilizer can be reduced appropriately according to the growth of the crop.

[0051] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound fertilizer with quality improvement and disease resistance functions, characterized in that: By mass percentage, it consists of the following raw materials: nitrogen 12%–35%, phosphorus pentoxide 5%–25%, potassium oxide 1%–30%, silicon 1%–4.5%, titanium 0.2%–2.6%, calcium 0.1%–1.2%, magnesium 0.01%–0.08%, sulfur 0.02%–0.25%, iron 0.5%–3.5%, lanthanide light rare earth elements 60 ppm–150 ppm, and additives to balance.

2. The compound fertilizer with quality improvement and disease resistance functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials are as follows by weight percentage: nitrogen 18%-28%, phosphorus pentoxide 7%-20%, potassium oxide 5%-20%, silicon 1.5%-3.0%, titanium 0.8%-1.6%, calcium 0.3%-0.6%, magnesium 0.03%-0.06%, sulfur 0.05%-0.1%, iron 1.0%-2.0%, lanthanide light rare earth elements 80ppm-120ppm, and additives to balance.

3. The compound fertilizer with quality improvement and disease resistance functions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nitrogen source is selected from two or three of urea, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium phosphate; the phosphorus source is selected from one or more of ammonium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, and superphosphate; and the potassium source is potassium sulfate.

4. The compound fertilizer with quality improvement and disease resistance functions according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The nitrogen source is a mixture of urea and monoammonium phosphate in a mass ratio of 3:1 to 6:1; the phosphorus source is a mixture of ammonium phosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate in a mass ratio of 2:1 to 5:

1.

5. The compound fertilizer with quality improvement and disease resistance functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The iron, titanium, and lanthanide light rare earth elements are all in a composite amino acid chelated state, with a chelation rate of ≥85%.

6. The compound fertilizer with quality improvement and disease resistance functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lanthanide light rare earth elements are a mixture of lanthanum oxide and cerium oxide in a mass ratio of 1:1.5 to 1:2.5.