Lightning and static electricity protection method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a lightning protection and electrostatic protection method and system, and belongs to the technical field of electrical protection. In view of the problem that the existing lightning protection and electrostatic protection systems are isolated from each other, leading to response lag and blind area of protection, the lightning protection and electrostatic protection method comprises the following steps: collecting lightning monitoring data, electrostatic monitoring data and environmental parameter data of a protected area in real time; performing fusion processing on the data, and synchronously evaluating a lightning risk grade and an electrostatic discharge risk grade; calculating a comprehensive electrical risk index according to the two risk grades; generating a cooperative control instruction based on the index; and controlling the lightning protection and electrostatic protection execution module to link and execute corresponding lightning protection and / or electrostatic protection actions according to the instruction. The application is mainly used for the safety protection of electrical equipment, realizes multi-source perception and active cooperative linkage, and enhances the protection reliability under complex working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electrical protection technology, specifically relating to a lightning protection and anti-static electrical protection method and system. Background Technology

[0002] Lightning and static electricity are two major sources of transient overvoltages threatening the safety of electrical equipment in fields such as power, communications, petrochemicals, and data centers. With the widespread deployment of intelligent devices and microelectronic components, the tolerance level of electrical systems to overvoltages and electrostatic discharge (ESD) is gradually decreasing, placing higher demands on comprehensive protection systems.

[0003] Currently, lightning protection and electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection are typically designed and implemented as two independent systems. Lightning protection primarily utilizes lightning arresters, down conductors, and grounding devices to form external lightning protection, while surge protectors (SPDs) are installed on the lines for internal protection. ESD protection is mostly controlled through ESD grounding, equipotential bonding, or the deployment of ionizers. Some existing solutions attempt to combine lightning protection and ESD protection devices in a simple physical way, or introduce online monitoring equipment with a single parameter (such as lightning warning based solely on atmospheric electric fields).

[0004] However, in complex industrial and meteorological environments, there is a close physical coupling between lightning activity and electrostatic field distribution, making it difficult for existing fragmented protection systems to meet comprehensive protection needs. Specifically, independent lightning and electrostatic protection systems lack effective data interaction and information integration mechanisms at the sensing layer. Their monitoring methods are usually limited to single-dimensional risk indicators, failing to comprehensively and accurately reflect the overall electrical safety status of the environment in which the equipment is located. Due to the lack of a global dynamic risk analysis architecture, the system struggles to achieve effective collaboration at the decision-making level. When faced with sudden environmental changes or extreme weather, existing lightning and electrostatic protection devices can only be passively triggered based on preset static parameter thresholds, unable to adaptively adjust protection strategies according to the evolution of actual risks. This results in the lightning and electrostatic protection actuators being in a state of isolated control, easily leading to system response lag and protection blind spots under complex and changing operating conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a lightning protection and electrostatic discharge (ESD) electrical protection method and system. Its purpose is to achieve proactive collaborative decision-making and linkage control of lightning protection and ESD actuators through deep fusion of multi-source environmental data and global dynamic risk assessment. This overcomes the response lag and protection blind spots caused by the reliance on single static parameters and their isolation and passive triggering in the prior art, and enhances the system's environmental adaptability and overall protection effectiveness under complex and variable working conditions.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a lightning protection and static electricity protection method, comprising: Real-time collection of lightning monitoring data, static electricity monitoring data, and environmental parameter data of the protected area; The lightning monitoring data, the electrostatic discharge monitoring data, and the environmental parameter data are fused and processed to simultaneously assess the lightning risk level and the electrostatic discharge risk level. Based on the lightning risk level and the electrostatic discharge risk level, a comprehensive electrical risk index is calculated. Based on the comprehensive electrical risk index, generate collaborative control commands; According to the coordinated control command, the lightning protection execution module and the anti-static execution module are controlled to perform corresponding lightning protection actions and / or anti-static actions in conjunction.

[0007] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the step of fusing the lightning monitoring data, the electrostatic discharge monitoring data, and the environmental parameter data to simultaneously assess the lightning risk level and the electrostatic discharge risk level specifically includes: The lightning monitoring data, the static electricity monitoring data, and the environmental parameter data are input as time-series data into a pre-trained attention mechanism long short-term memory network model; After shared feature extraction by the attention mechanism long short-term memory network model, the lightning risk level and the electrostatic discharge risk level are output respectively through mutually independent lightning attention branches and electrostatic discharge attention branches.

[0008] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the step of calculating the comprehensive electrical risk index based on the lightning risk level and the electrostatic discharge risk level specifically includes: Obtain the sensitivity level of the protected equipment within the protected area; Based on the sensitivity level, configure a first weighting coefficient for the lightning risk level and a second weighting coefficient for the electrostatic discharge risk level; The comprehensive electrical risk index is obtained by multiplying the lightning risk level by the first weighting coefficient and adding the electrostatic discharge risk level by the second weighting coefficient.

[0009] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the step of generating coordinated control instructions based on the comprehensive electrical risk index specifically includes: Obtain the current operating status of the lightning protection module and the anti-static module, as well as the sensitivity level of the protected equipment within the protected area; When the comprehensive electrical risk index exceeds the preset medium risk threshold, the comprehensive electrical risk index, the operating status, and the sensitivity level are constructed into a state vector; The state vector is input into a pre-trained deep Q-network model, which outputs the optimal action sequence and uses the optimal action sequence as the cooperative control command.

[0010] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, a preset high-risk threshold is further set above the preset medium-risk threshold; the step of controlling the lightning protection execution module and the anti-static execution module to perform corresponding lightning protection actions and / or anti-static actions in conjunction with the collaborative control command specifically includes: When the comprehensive electrical risk index is greater than or equal to the medium risk threshold and less than the preset high risk threshold, the lightning protection execution module and / or the anti-static execution module are controlled to perform partial protection actions, including starting the pulse ion fan array and / or adjusting the grounding impedance. When the comprehensive electrical risk index is greater than or equal to the preset high-risk threshold, the lightning protection execution module and the anti-static execution module are controlled to perform the highest level response action. The highest level response action includes raising the active early discharge lightning rod, switching the surge protector array to high current mode, closing the equipotential bonding switch of the critical equipment, and adjusting the grounding impedance to the lowest impedance state.

[0011] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the anti-static action includes: dynamically adjusting the grounding impedance through a grounding state adaptive adjustment device; The step of dynamically adjusting the grounding impedance through the adaptive grounding state adjustment device specifically includes: According to the coordinated control command, the on / off combination of the controllable switching elements of the multiple parallel impedance branches in the grounding state adaptive adjustment device is controlled, so as to dynamically switch the grounding impedance bidirectionally between the low impedance mode for lightning current discharge and the appropriate impedance mode for static electricity discharge.

[0012] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the electrostatic monitoring data includes atmospheric electrostatic field strength data; prior to the step of generating coordinated control commands based on the comprehensive electrical risk index, the method further includes: Calculate the rate of change of the atmospheric electrostatic field strength data; When the rate of change exceeds a preset rate of change threshold, the lightning warning mode is triggered. In the lightning warning mode, a corresponding coordinated control command is generated to control the anti-static execution module to release the induced static charge in the protected area in advance, and to control the lightning protection execution module to switch the grounding impedance to a low impedance state.

[0013] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, after the lightning protection execution module and the anti-static execution module are linked to execute the corresponding lightning protection action and / or anti-static action, a closed-loop optimization step is also included: Continuously monitor the lightning monitoring data, the static electricity monitoring data, and the operating status after the execution of the lightning protection action and / or the anti-static action; When the comprehensive electrical risk index drops below the preset safety threshold, it gradually reverts to the normal protection mode; The state transition data during the protection process is stored in the experience replay pool. The state transition data includes the state vector, the optimal action sequence, the reward function value determined based on the protection result, and the state vector at the next moment, which are used for parameter updates of the deep Q-network model.

[0014] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes system self-diagnosis and hierarchical alarm steps: When a surge protector failure, excessive grounding resistance, or interruption of equipotential bonding is detected, a first-level emergency alarm is issued. When the surge protector is detected to have deteriorated to a preset medium threshold, the grounding resistance is detected to have a preset high threshold, or a sensor malfunction is detected, a second-level critical alarm is issued. When the surge protector is detected to have deteriorated to a preset mild threshold, environmental parameters deviate from the safe range, or the ion fan efficiency decreases, a level 3 warning alarm will be issued.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention provides a lightning protection and electrostatic discharge protection system, comprising: The multi-parameter sensing layer is used to collect lightning monitoring data, static electricity monitoring data, and environmental parameter data of the protected area in real time. The data fusion and risk assessment unit is used to fuse the lightning monitoring data, the electrostatic monitoring data and the environmental parameter data, simultaneously assess the lightning risk level and the electrostatic discharge risk level, and calculate the comprehensive electrical risk index based on the lightning risk level and the electrostatic discharge risk level. A collaborative control decision unit is used to generate collaborative control commands based on the comprehensive electrical risk index; The lightning protection execution module and the anti-static execution module are used to execute corresponding lightning protection actions and / or anti-static actions in conjunction with the coordinated control instructions.

[0016] Thirdly, the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the lightning protection and electrostatic discharge protection method described above.

[0017] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned lightning and electrostatic discharge protection method.

[0018] Fifthly, the present invention provides a computer program product that, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned lightning protection and electrostatic discharge protection method.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a lightning and electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection method. By real-time collection and fusion processing of lightning monitoring data, ESD monitoring data, and environmental parameter data, it achieves synchronous dynamic assessment of lightning risk levels and ESD risk levels, and further quantifies them to derive a comprehensive electrical risk index. This overcomes the problems of single monitoring dimensions and lack of a global analysis architecture in existing technologies. Based on this comprehensive electrical risk index, this method can adaptively generate collaborative control commands according to the evolution of actual risks, directly controlling the lightning protection and ESD protection modules to perform corresponding linked protection actions. This proactive collaborative mechanism based on underlying data fusion overcomes the response lag and protection blind spots caused by the independent operation and passive triggering of individual protection devices under complex operating conditions, enhancing the system's dynamic adaptability to environmental changes and the overall reliability of electrical protection. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a lightning protection and static electricity protection method according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the overall architecture of the lightning protection and anti-static electrical protection system of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the long short-term memory network model of the multi-input multi-output attention mechanism of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the collaborative decision-making and closed-loop control based on deep Q-networks in this invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is the main flowchart of the lightning protection and static electricity protection method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] like Figure 2 As shown, the lightning protection and electrostatic discharge (ESD) electrical protection system in this embodiment adopts a layered architecture, including a multi-parameter sensing layer, a data fusion and risk assessment unit, a collaborative control decision-making unit, a lightning protection execution module, an ESD execution module, and a communication and alarm module. The multi-parameter sensing layer, acting as a data acquisition terminal, connects to the data fusion and risk assessment unit via a data bus, transmitting raw, multi-source heterogeneous data upwards. The output of the data fusion and risk assessment unit connects to the collaborative control decision-making unit, transmitting risk information flow to it. The collaborative control decision-making unit outputs lightning protection control commands and ESD control commands, correspondingly controlling the lightning protection execution module and the ESD execution module, forming a progressive data flow and a horizontally parallel execution link. A unified decision-making unit achieves integrated scheduling, and the executed actions, after altering the on-site environment, are re-acquired by the sensing layer, forming a continuously self-adjusting physical closed loop.

[0028] The multi-parameter sensing layer comprises four types of sensor groups operating in parallel. The lightning monitoring sensor group consists of an atmospheric electric field sensor, a lightning peak current sensor, and a lightning strike counter. The atmospheric electric field sensor is installed at the highest point of the protected area, while the lightning peak current sensor, using a Rogowski coil or shunt, is installed on each down conductor and surge protector branch. The electrostatic monitoring sensor group consists of a spatial electrostatic field sensor and an equipment housing electrostatic potential sensor. The spatial electrostatic field sensor is positioned around the protected equipment, while the equipment housing electrostatic potential sensor is installed on the housing of critical equipment. The environmental parameter sensor group consists of a temperature and humidity sensor, a soil resistivity sensor, and a soil moisture sensor. The soil resistivity and soil moisture sensors are buried at different depths around the grounding electrode. The protective device status sensor group consists of a grounding resistance online monitoring module, a surge protector degradation detection module, and an equipotential bonding continuity monitoring sensor. The grounding resistance online monitoring module is installed on the grounding lead, the surge protector degradation detection module is integrated into the surge protector circuit, and it collects the leakage current, voltage, and temperature of the varistor. The equipotential bonding continuity monitoring sensor monitors the continuity of the equipotential bonding circuit. In data center computer rooms and other locations with concentrated sensitive electronic equipment, space electrostatic field sensors, equipment enclosure electrostatic potential sensors, and temperature and humidity sensors are densely arranged inside cabinets, under floors, and on ceilings. In flammable and explosive locations such as petrochemical tank farms, equipment enclosure electrostatic potential sensors are placed at key locations on the inner and outer walls of storage tanks, and space electrostatic field sensors are added to loading and unloading areas. All electrical equipment is intrinsically safe or explosion-proof.

[0029] The data fusion and risk assessment unit is connected to the multi-parameter perception layer via a data bus. It is used to perform time synchronization, normalization and feature extraction on the collected multi-source data, and to output the lightning risk level, electrostatic discharge risk level and comprehensive electrical risk index using a pre-trained attention mechanism long short-term memory network model.

[0030] The collaborative control decision-making unit is connected to the data fusion and risk assessment unit, receives multi-level risk assessment results, and has a built-in Deep Q-Network (DQN). It uses the comprehensive electrical risk index, the operating status of each execution module, and the equipment sensitivity level as state space inputs, and outputs collaborative control commands for the lightning protection execution module and the anti-static execution module.

[0031] The lightning protection module includes an active early discharge lightning rod, a multi-stage adjustable surge protector array, and an equipotential bonding switch. The active early discharge lightning rod, controlled by coordinated control commands, raises its early discharge tip when lightning approaches, enhancing its lightning protection capability. The multi-stage adjustable surge protector array includes power line surge protectors and signal line surge protectors. Decoupling elements are installed between each stage of the surge protector, allowing switching between high-current mode and conventional protection mode based on the risk level. The equipotential bonding switch, also controlled by coordinated control commands, is used to close the equipotential bonding of critical equipment when necessary, connecting the equipment casing, grounding busbar, and lightning protection grounding into a single unit.

[0032] The anti-static actuator module includes a pulsed ion fan array, a grounding state adaptive adjustment device, and a static discharge path selection switch. The pulsed ion fan array, controlled by coordinated control commands, actively neutralizes static charges on equipment surfaces and in the surrounding space by adjusting its duty cycle and start / stop status. The grounding state adaptive adjustment device is connected between the main grounding electrode and the auxiliary grounding electrode array, used to dynamically adjust the grounding impedance value according to environmental conditions and protection requirements, and can dynamically switch bidirectionally between low impedance mode and appropriate impedance mode. The static discharge path selection switch, controlled by coordinated control commands, is used to select different static discharge paths.

[0033] The communication and alarm module is connected to the data fusion and risk assessment unit and the collaborative control decision unit, respectively, to upload system status and risk information to the monitoring center and send graded alarms to the operation and maintenance personnel when the risk exceeds the limit.

[0034] Based on the above protection system, the overall process of the lightning protection and electrostatic discharge protection method in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, after the system is powered on, it first completes initialization and parameter configuration, and then enters the normal protection mode. The specific steps are as follows.

[0035] S1. Real-time acquisition of lightning monitoring data, static electricity monitoring data, and environmental parameter data of the protected area.

[0036] Specifically, the multi-parameter sensing layer collects various types of data in parallel through four types of sensor groups. Among them, lightning monitoring data includes atmospheric electric field strength, lightning peak current, and lightning strike count information; electrostatic monitoring data includes spatial electrostatic field distribution data and equipment casing electrostatic potential data; environmental parameter data includes ambient temperature and humidity, soil resistivity, and soil moisture content data; and simultaneously, it collects protective device status data, including grounding resistance value, leakage current, voltage and temperature of surge protector varistor, and equipotential bonding status, for subsequent status monitoring and fault self-diagnosis.

[0037] S2. The lightning monitoring data, electrostatic monitoring data, and environmental parameter data are integrated and processed to simultaneously assess the lightning risk level and electrostatic discharge risk level.

[0038] Specifically, the evaluation process is carried out in the following steps: S2.1. Perform time synchronization, normalization and time window slicing preprocessing on the collected multi-source time series data, and organize the atmospheric electric field time series data, electrostatic potential time series data and environmental temperature and humidity time series data into three independent input channels.

[0039] S2.2. The preprocessed three-channel time series data are fed into a pre-trained attention mechanism long short-term memory network (Attention-LSTM) model. First, spatial features are extracted by a shared convolutional neural network (CNN), and then temporal dependent features are extracted by a multi-layer long short-term memory network (LSTM), outputting a shared feature vector.

[0040] S2.3. Input the shared feature vector into the independent lightning attention branch and electrostatic attention branch respectively. Each branch uses an attention mechanism to weight and focus the features at each time step, and then outputs the lightning feature vector and electrostatic feature vector respectively through a fully connected layer.

[0041] S2.4 The two branches are mapped by the Sigmoid activation function and output probability values ​​in the interval of 0 to 1, which correspond to the lightning risk level RL and the electrostatic discharge risk level RS.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, this multi-input multi-output model architecture achieves simultaneous evaluation of dual risk dimensions within the same network framework. Data flows sequentially through the input layer, shared feature extraction layer, dual attention branches, and output layer along the arrow direction. Specifically, this implementation uses a shared CNN comprising two one-dimensional convolutional layers with 32 and 64 kernels respectively, a kernel size of 3, and ReLU activation function. Each convolutional layer is followed by a max-pooling layer. The multi-layer LSTM comprises two layers with a hidden layer dimension of 64. The lightning attention branch and the electrostatic attention branch each comprise one attention layer and two fully connected layers, with 32 and 1 neurons in the fully connected layers respectively. The output layer outputs probability values ​​via a Sigmoid activation function.

[0043] It should be noted that the Attention-LSTM model was trained offline before deployment. The training data came from lightning monitoring records accumulated over the years in the protected area and similar protection sites, long-term observation data of atmospheric electric and electrostatic fields, synchronously collected environmental meteorological data, and multi-source time-series samples collected and labeled during the system trial operation. During training, whether a lightning strike actually occurred in the historical period was used as the lightning branch label, and whether an electrostatic discharge event occurred was used as the electrostatic branch label. The binary cross-entropy loss function was used, and the network parameters were updated through supervised learning by the Adam optimizer. After the model met the accuracy requirements through independent validation set evaluation, it was deployed online.

[0044] S3. The comprehensive electrical risk index is calculated based on the lightning risk level and the electrostatic discharge risk level.

[0045] Specifically, the calculation process is performed in the following steps: S3.1 Obtain the sensitivity level of the protected equipment within the protected area. The sensitivity level is divided into 1 to 3 levels. The higher the level, the weaker the equipment's tolerance to overvoltage and electrostatic discharge.

[0046] S3.2. Based on the sensitivity level, configure a first weighting coefficient α for the lightning risk level and a second weighting coefficient β for the electrostatic discharge risk level; the higher the sensitivity of the equipment to a certain type of risk, the larger the value of the corresponding weighting coefficient.

[0047] S3.3 The comprehensive electrical risk index is obtained by weighted summation. The calculation formula is as follows: RC = α·RL + β·RS Among them, RC is the comprehensive electrical risk index, with a value range of 0 to 1; RL is the lightning risk level, with a value range of 0 to 1; and RS is the electrostatic discharge risk level, with a value range of 0 to 1.

[0048] S4. Generate coordinated control instructions based on the comprehensive electrical risk index.

[0049] In one optional implementation, before generating coordinated control commands, the system supports rapid early warning triggering based on changes in the atmospheric electrostatic field to address scenarios where thunderstorms are rapidly approaching. Specifically, the rate of change of the collected atmospheric electrostatic field intensity data is calculated in real time, and when the rate of change exceeds a preset threshold, the system is directly triggered to enter lightning warning mode.

[0050] Preferably, in the lightning warning mode, corresponding coordinated control commands are generated in advance and the following coordinated operations are executed: the grounding state adaptive adjustment device is adjusted to the lowest impedance state to prepare for possible lightning current discharge; the electrostatic charge neutralization program is started to release the electrostatic charge accumulated on the protected equipment due to lightning cloud induction in advance through the pulsed ion fan array and the electrostatic discharge path selection switch; the multi-level adjustable surge protector array is switched to high current flow mode; the equipotential bonding switching switch of the key equipment is closed; and the data acquisition frequency is increased to enter the high-density monitoring state.

[0051] For routine risk assessment scenarios, the generation of collaborative control instructions is performed according to the following steps: S4.1 Obtain the current operating status of the lightning protection execution module and the anti-static execution module, as well as the sensitivity level of the protected equipment within the protected area.

[0052] S4.2 Determine whether the comprehensive electrical risk index exceeds the preset medium risk threshold. If it does not exceed the threshold, the system maintains the normal protection mode and continues to collect and monitor data at the preset frequency. If it exceeds the threshold, the comprehensive electrical risk index, the operating status of each execution module, and the equipment sensitivity level are constructed into an 8-dimensional state vector.

[0053] S4.3 Input the state vector into the pre-trained DQN model. The model estimates the Q value of each selectable action, selects the action combination with the largest Q value as the optimal action sequence, and issues the optimal action sequence as a cooperative control command to the execution module.

[0054] In this embodiment, such as Figure 4As shown, DQN adopts a three-layer fully connected network structure. The input layer receives an 8-dimensional state vector, and the number of neurons in the hidden layer is 128, 64, and 32 respectively. The activation function is ReLU. The output layer corresponds to a 16-dimensional action space, and the optimal action is selected by argmax Q(s,a). The 8-dimensional state vector is [RC, PSPD, Rg, Sair, SSPD, Sion, Seq, Lsen]: RC is the comprehensive electrical risk index, ranging from 0 to 1; PSPD is the surge protector degradation percentage, ranging from 0 to 100%; Rg is the grounding resistance value, in Ω; Sair is the lightning rod state, 0 indicates retracted, 1 indicates raised; SSPD is the surge protector mode, 0 indicates normal mode, 1 indicates high current flow mode; Sion is the ion fan state, 0 indicates off, 1 indicates on; Seq is the equipotential bonding switch state, 0 indicates open, 1 indicates closed; Lsen is the equipment sensitivity level, ranging from 1 to 3. The 16-dimensional action space covers the combined actions of lightning rod raising and lowering, surge protector mode switching, equipotential bonding switch control, ion fan duty cycle adjustment, and grounding impedance level adjustment. The ion fan duty cycle adjustment range is 10% to 90%, with a step size of 10%, and the grounding impedance has a total of 8 adjustment levels.

[0055] The reward function used for model training and optimization is defined as follows: R=10·(1 E) 0.1·C 100·F In the formula, R is the immediate reward value; E is the equipment damage event identifier, with a value of 0 or 1, where 0 indicates no damage and 1 indicates damage; C is the normalized system operating energy consumption cost; and F is the discharge event identifier, with a value of 0 or 1, where 0 indicates no accidental discharge and 1 indicates discharge. This reward function guides the network to minimize system operating energy consumption while ensuring protection and security.

[0056] It should be noted that the DQN model was trained offline using a system simulation platform and trial operation data before deployment. The training data came from state transition samples generated during system trial and actual operation. During training, an ε-greedy exploration strategy was employed, with ε initially set at 0.9 and gradually decaying to 0.01. The experience replay pool capacity was set to 10,000, the discount factor γ was 0.95, and the learning rate was 0.001. Mini-batch samples were randomly sampled from the experience replay pool, and the main network parameters were updated by minimizing the temporal difference error. The main network parameters were periodically synchronized to the target network. After the system went live, the model parameters were continuously updated using actual operating data through asynchronous online learning.

[0057] S5. According to the coordinated control command, control the lightning protection execution module and the anti-static execution module to perform the corresponding lightning protection action and / or anti-static action in conjunction.

[0058] Specifically, the system executes corresponding protective actions based on the classification of the comprehensive electrical risk index, with a preset high-risk threshold set above the preset medium-risk threshold: When the comprehensive electrical risk index is greater than or equal to the medium risk threshold and less than the high risk threshold, the system is in the medium risk range. The control lightning protection execution module and / or anti-static execution module perform some protective actions, including starting the pulse ion fan array and adjusting the duty cycle, adjusting the grounding impedance, and switching the electrostatic discharge path selection switch, without triggering the highest level response of the lightning rod to rise, thereby reducing operating energy consumption while controlling the risk. When the comprehensive electrical risk index is greater than or equal to the high-risk threshold, the system is in the high-risk range. The control lightning protection module and the anti-static module perform the highest level of response actions, including raising the early discharge tip of the active early discharge lightning rod to enhance lightning reception capability, switching the multi-level adjustable surge protector array to high current mode, closing the equipotential bonding switch of critical equipment, adjusting the grounding impedance to the lowest impedance state, starting the pulsed ion fan array to operate at a high duty cycle, and switching the electrostatic discharge path selection switch to comprehensively improve the protection level.

[0059] The dynamic adjustment of grounding impedance is achieved through a grounding state adaptive adjustment device. Specifically, the grounding state adaptive adjustment device is equipped with multiple parallel impedance branches. Each branch consists of a controllable switching element and an impedance element connected in series. The branches are connected in parallel, and the impedance values ​​of each impedance element are configured in a geometric progression, namely 1Ω, 2Ω, 4Ω, 8Ω, etc. After receiving the coordinated control command, the built-in impedance adjustment controller calculates the on / off combination of each branch switch according to the target impedance value, drives the controllable switching element to act, and achieves continuous adjustment of the total impedance value through different combinations of branch connection and disconnection. This allows for bidirectional dynamic switching of the grounding impedance between a low-impedance mode for rapid discharge of lightning current and an appropriate impedance mode for safe discharge of static electricity. In low impedance mode, the target impedance is less than 1Ω, which meets the requirements for rapid discharge of large currents. In moderate impedance mode, the target impedance is 5 to 50Ω, and the electrostatic discharge time constant is controlled within the range of 0.1 to 1 second to avoid spark discharge caused by excessively fast discharge speed. In flammable and explosive places such as petrochemical tank areas, moderate impedance mode can effectively prevent the risk of combustion and explosion caused by sparks during electrostatic discharge.

[0060] In addition, the grounding state adaptive adjustment device is also equipped with a transient response protection circuit. If a transient large current such as lightning current is detected during the impedance adjustment process, the entire adjustment device will be automatically bypassed to establish a low impedance direct path, ensuring reliable and rapid discharge of lightning current and preventing the adjustment device from being damaged by transient large current.

[0061] In one optional implementation, during thunderstorms in a petrochemical tank farm, after entering lightning warning mode, the system notifies the tank farm to stop all loading and unloading operations via communication and alarm modules. It confirms the integrity of all tanks' lightning protection grounding circuits, ensures all metal components are at the same potential through an equipotential bonding network to prevent potential difference sparks induced by lightning, and activates an inert gas protection system to reduce the concentration of oil and gas inside the tanks when such a system is configured. During loading and unloading operations, when the relative humidity is below 40%, the system automatically prompts for additional spray humidification measures. In a data center server room scenario, when the electrostatic potential of a certain server rack area exceeds a preset safety threshold of ±1kV, the system automatically activates the pulsed ion fan array in that area for local electrostatic neutralization. Simultaneously, it automatically adjusts the temperature and humidity settings of the server room air conditioner based on ambient temperature and humidity data, maintaining the relative humidity within the electrostatic safety range of 45% to 65%. When lightning is imminent, it also specifically confirms the continuity of the equipotential bonding of the core equipment racks and switches the surge protectors on the core equipment power supply lines to the highest protection level.

[0062] After a lightning strike, the system initiates a lightning strike post-processing procedure, assesses the lightning strike intensity based on lightning current monitoring data, and automatically detects the status of each protective device after the lightning current has been discharged. It assesses whether surge protectors, grounding devices, and equipotential bonding have deteriorated or been damaged, and decides whether to issue a maintenance warning based on the assessment results.

[0063] After completing the protective actions, the system executes a closed-loop optimization process, combining... Figure 4 As shown: After an action is executed, the environmental state changes, and the new state vector and reward value are fed back to the experience playback pool for DQN parameter updates. Specifically, lightning monitoring data, electrostatic monitoring data, and the operating status of each execution module are continuously monitored after the execution of lightning protection and / or anti-static actions. When the comprehensive electrical risk index drops below the preset safety threshold, the protection level is gradually reduced, and the system is orderly restored to the normal protection mode. This includes reducing the duty cycle of the ion fan, restoring the surge protector array to normal mode, removing the lightning rod tip, and restoring the grounding state adaptive adjustment device to the default impedance setting. At the same time, the state transition data during this protection process is stored in the experience playback pool. The state transition data includes the state vector, the optimal action sequence, the reward function value determined based on the protection result, and the state vector at the next moment. This data is used for asynchronous online learning and parameter updates of DQN, continuously optimizing the control strategy and improving adaptability under different environments. For example, in a data center scenario, the system generates a lightning protection and anti-static system operation report every 24 hours, which includes health trend analysis of each protective device, lightning activity statistics, and electrostatic event statistics; in a petrochemical tank area scenario, the system automatically generates a lightning protection and anti-static system health status report after a thunderstorm and uploads it to the tank area management center.

[0064] In one optional implementation, a self-diagnosis and hierarchical alarm process is executed synchronously during system operation, running in parallel with the main protection process. A first-level emergency alarm is issued when severe degradation or failure of the surge protector, significantly excessive grounding resistance, or interruption of equipotential bonding is detected. A second-level critical alarm is issued when the surge protector degradation reaches a preset moderate threshold, the grounding resistance reaches a preset high threshold, or a sensor malfunctions. A third-level warning alarm is issued when the surge protector degradation reaches a preset mild threshold, environmental parameters deviate from safe ranges, or the ion fan efficiency decreases. Alarm information is uploaded to the monitoring center via the communication and alarm module and pushed to maintenance personnel, achieving full lifecycle health management of the protective devices.

[0065] As can be seen from the above technical solution, this embodiment synchronously collects multi-source data on lightning, static electricity, environment, and device status through a unified multi-parameter sensing layer, eliminating the information barrier between traditional independent lightning protection and static electricity protection systems, and providing a comprehensive and real-time data foundation for comprehensive risk assessment. By using a multi-input multi-output Attention-LSTM model to synchronously quantify the risk levels of lightning and static electricity and weightedly calculate the comprehensive electrical risk index, it can accurately reflect the physical coupling relationship between lightning activity and static electricity field distribution, solving the problem that single-dimensional monitoring cannot comprehensively characterize the on-site electrical safety situation. Based on the comprehensive electrical risk index, a unified collaborative control command is generated through DQN to drive the lightning protection and static electricity protection execution modules to work together, enabling the two types of protection measures to form a combined force and avoiding response lag and protection blind spots caused by independent control. The grounding state adaptive adjustment device dynamically switches bidirectionally between low impedance mode and suitable impedance mode, taking into account the different needs of rapid lightning current discharge and safe static electricity discharge. The system as a whole can adaptively adjust the protection strategy according to environmental changes and realize the transformation of protection devices from periodic maintenance to condition-based maintenance through self-diagnosis and hierarchical alarms.

[0066] To verify the protective effect of the above technical solution, verification was carried out in three typical application scenarios: communication base stations, petrochemical tank areas, and data center computer rooms.

[0067] In a communication base station scenario, three lightning rods arranged in a triangular pattern are installed on the top of the base station tower, and two independent down conductors are installed on the tower body. A first-stage surge protector with a 10 / 350μs waveform and an inrush current Iimp of 12.5kA is installed at the power supply inlet in the equipment room. A second-stage surge protector with an 8 / 20μs waveform and a nominal discharge current In of 20kA is installed at the distribution box in the equipment room. A third-stage surge protector with an 8 / 20μs waveform and a nominal discharge current In of 10kA is installed at the equipment end. Signal surge protectors are installed on the signal lines, and degradation detection is integrated into the branches of each stage of the surge protector. The system includes modules for collecting leakage current and temperature data from varistor sensors; four spatial electrostatic field sensors and an electrostatic potential sensor for the equipment casing are placed around the equipment in the computer room; an atmospheric electric field sensor is installed on the top of the computer room; an integrated grounding unit is buried outside the computer room, with three copper-clad steel grounding electrodes as the main grounding electrode, each 2.5m long and spaced 5m apart; an auxiliary grounding array consists of six auxiliary grounding electrodes, each connected to the main grounding electrode through a grounding state adaptive adjustment device; and an online grounding resistance monitoring module is installed on the grounding wire; inside the computer room, a data fusion and risk assessment unit, a collaborative control decision-making unit, and a communication and alarm module are installed.

[0068] After system initialization, it enters the normal protection mode. The multi-parameter sensing layer collects data such as atmospheric electric field strength, electrostatic potential distribution, ambient temperature and humidity, surge protector leakage current and temperature, and grounding resistance at a frequency of 1Hz. One day, the atmospheric electric field sensor detected that the electrostatic field strength increased sharply from +2kV / m to +15kV / m within 30 seconds, exceeding the preset threshold of 5kV / m. The Attention-LSTM model integrates multi-source time-series data, synchronously outputting a lightning risk probability of 0.92 and an electrostatic discharge risk probability of 0.45. Using weighting coefficients α=0.7 and β=0.3, the calculated comprehensive electrical risk index RC=0.779, exceeding the preset high-risk threshold of 0.65. DQN, based on the current 8-dimensional state vector [0.779, 15%, 0.8Ω, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2], generates the optimal action sequence: sending a command to the grounding state adaptive adjustment device to switch all impedance branches to the active state, reducing the total grounding impedance to a minimum of less than 1Ω; starting the pulsed ion fan array with an 80% duty cycle; switching the multi-stage adjustable surge protector array to high-current mode; closing the main equipment equipotential bonding switch; and increasing the data acquisition frequency to 100Hz. Ten minutes later, the base station was struck by lightning at close range. Measurements by the lightning current monitoring sensor showed a peak current of 18kA. The lightning current was discharged to the ground through the lightning arrester, down conductor, and integrated grounding unit. The communication equipment within the station was undamaged and operated normally. After the lightning strike, the system automatically initiated the post-strike processing procedure, detecting the leakage current and temperature of each surge protector branch. It was found that the leakage current of the second-stage surge protector had increased from the normal value of 2μA to 15μA, exceeding the warning threshold of 10μA. This indicated that the surge protector had undergone moderate degradation, and the communication and alarm module issued a level-two alarm, prompting maintenance and replacement. Thirty minutes after the lightning strike, the atmospheric electric field strength returned to normal levels, and the comprehensive electrical risk index dropped to 0.25, below the safety threshold of 0.35. The system automatically switched back to normal protection mode, the ion fan duty cycle was adjusted to 10%, the surge protector array returned to normal mode, and the grounding state adaptive adjustment device returned to its default impedance setting. Simultaneously, the data from this state transition was stored in the experience playback pool for asynchronous online updates of the DQN.

[0069] In the petrochemical tank farm scenario, lightning protection strips are installed on the top of the tanks, and each tank is equipped with no less than two down conductors. Metal components such as the tank shell, pipes, and valves are equipotentially connected via an equipotential bonding network. Anti-static jumpers are installed at the flanges of inlet and outlet pipes, and static electricity discharge devices are installed in the tank area. A comprehensive grounding unit is installed outside the dike. All electrical equipment is intrinsically safe or explosion-proof. The data fusion and risk assessment unit and the collaborative control decision-making unit are located in the control room in the safe area outside the tank farm. Electrostatic potential sensors for equipment shells are placed at key locations on the inner and outer walls of the tanks. Spatial electrostatic field sensors are added to the loading and unloading area, and atmospheric electric field sensors are installed in the tank area. During oil loading and unloading operations, the system automatically identifies high-risk electrostatic modes based on the loading and unloading operation signal input, increasing the electrostatic potential monitoring frequency from 1Hz to 10Hz. Simultaneously, the continuity of all electrostatic grounding loops is confirmed through equipotential bonding continuity monitoring sensors, and the grounding state adaptive adjustment device is adjusted to an appropriate impedance mode, with the target impedance controlled between 5 and 50Ω, and the electrostatic discharge time constant maintained within the range of 0.1 to 1 second. During operation, the electrostatic potential sensor on the equipment casing detected a local electrostatic potential change from [previous value] on the wall of a certain storage tank. 5kV abnormally increased to At 25kV, the Attention-LSTM model determined a risk of electrostatic accumulation. The collaborative control decision unit immediately activated the pulsed ion fan array in the area for targeted electrostatic neutralization and issued a level 3 alarm, prompting on-site operators to check the electrostatic grounding status of the storage tank. When the relative humidity was below 40%, the system automatically prompted to add spray humidification measures. During a thunderstorm, the atmospheric electric field sensor detected an approaching thunderstorm cloud. The Attention-LSTM model output a high lightning risk level, and the system entered lightning warning mode. The adaptive grounding adjustment device was switched from suitable impedance mode to low impedance mode, with a target impedance of less than 1Ω. Simultaneously, the communication and alarm modules notified the tank area to stop all loading and unloading operations, confirming that all tank lightning protection grounding circuits were intact. An equipotential bonding network was used to ensure that all metal components were at the same potential to prevent potential difference sparks caused by lightning induction. The inert gas protection system configured in the tank area was activated to reduce the concentration of oil and gas inside the tanks. After the thunderstorm, the system automatically monitored the status of each protective device, generated a health status report of the lightning protection and anti-static system, and uploaded it to the warehouse management center. No equipment damage or safety accidents occurred throughout the process.

[0070] In data center server room scenarios, the server room adopts a grid-like equipotential bonding network. An equipotential grounding grid is set under the anti-static floor, and the cabinet shells, racks, cable trays, and metal supports of the anti-static floor are all connected to the equipotential network. Multi-level surge protectors are installed at the power inlet of the server room, fine-level surge protectors are installed at the UPS output, and signal surge protectors are installed on all signal lines. Each surge protector branch integrates a degradation detection module. Spatial electrostatic field sensors, equipment shell electrostatic potential sensors, and temperature and humidity sensors are densely arranged inside the server racks, under the floor, and on the ceiling. Atmospheric electric field sensors are set outside the server room. The integrated grounding unit adopts a ring grounding electrode, and an auxiliary grounding electrode array is set at each of the four corners of the ring grounding electrode, which is connected to the main grounding electrode through a grounding state adaptive adjustment device. The data fusion and risk assessment unit and the collaborative control decision unit are deployed in a redundant manner with two backup units. During daily operation, the system continuously monitors the electrostatic potential distribution. When the electrostatic potential in a certain cabinet area exceeds the preset safety threshold ±1kV, the Attention-LSTM model, based on multi-source data, determines that the risk of electrostatic discharge has increased. The system automatically activates the pulsed ion fan array in that area for local electrostatic neutralization. Simultaneously, it switches the adaptive grounding state adjustment device to the appropriate impedance mode and automatically adjusts the temperature and humidity settings of the computer room air conditioning based on ambient temperature and humidity data, maintaining the relative humidity within the electrostatic safety range of 45% to 65%. When the atmospheric electric field sensor detects an approaching lightning strike, the Attention-LSTM model outputs a high lightning risk level, and the system enters lightning warning mode. It switches the grounding impedance from the appropriate impedance mode to the low impedance mode, confirms the equipotential bonding continuity of the core equipment cabinets, and switches the surge protectors on the core equipment power supply lines to the highest protection level. Following a lightning strike, the system automatically performs a comprehensive check on the equipotential bonding status of all server racks and the health status of each surge protector. The surge protector degradation detection module collects leakage current and temperature data for each surge protector to assess the degree of degradation. Every 24 hours, the system automatically generates a lightning and electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection system operation report, including health trend analysis of each protective device, lightning activity statistics, and ESD event statistics, for maintenance personnel's reference. Continuous operation has verified that the electrostatic potential within the server room is consistently controlled within a safe range, and the status of each protective device is traceable and provides early warnings, validating the system's effectiveness in providing refined protection for sensitive electronic equipment.

[0071] In another embodiment of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, comprising a processor and a memory. The memory stores a computer program, which includes program instructions. The processor executes the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium. The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing and control core of the terminal, suitable for implementing one or more instructions, specifically suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions in the computer storage medium to achieve a corresponding method flow or corresponding function. The processor described in this embodiment of the present invention can be used in the operation of a lightning protection and electrostatic discharge protection method.

[0072] In another embodiment of the present invention, a storage medium is also provided, specifically a computer-readable storage medium (Memory), which is a memory device in a computer device used to store programs and data. It is understood that the computer-readable storage medium here can include both the built-in storage medium in the computer device and extended storage media supported by the computer device. The computer-readable storage medium provides storage space that stores the terminal's operating system. Furthermore, the storage space also stores one or more instructions suitable for loading and execution by a processor. These instructions can be one or more computer programs (including program code). It should be noted that the computer-readable storage medium here can be Random Access Memory (RAM) or non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. The processor can load and execute one or more instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium to implement the corresponding steps of the lightning protection and electrostatic discharge protection method in the above embodiments.

[0073] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0074] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0075] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0076] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0077] This invention also provides a computer program product for executing any of the above-described lightning protection and static electricity prevention electrical protection methods. Since the computer program product provided by this invention belongs to the same inventive concept as the lightning protection and static electricity prevention electrical protection method described above, it possesses all the advantages of the lightning protection and static electricity prevention electrical protection method described above. Therefore, the beneficial effects of the computer program product provided by this invention will not be elaborated upon here.

[0078] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0079] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for lightning protection and static electricity prevention, characterized in that, include: Real-time collection of lightning monitoring data, static electricity monitoring data, and environmental parameter data of the protected area; The lightning monitoring data, the electrostatic discharge monitoring data, and the environmental parameter data are fused and processed to simultaneously assess the lightning risk level and the electrostatic discharge risk level. Based on the lightning risk level and the electrostatic discharge risk level, a comprehensive electrical risk index is calculated. Based on the comprehensive electrical risk index, generate collaborative control commands; According to the coordinated control command, the lightning protection execution module and the anti-static execution module are controlled to perform corresponding lightning protection actions and / or anti-static actions in conjunction.

2. The lightning protection and electrostatic discharge protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of fusing the lightning monitoring data, the electrostatic discharge monitoring data, and the environmental parameter data to simultaneously assess the lightning risk level and the electrostatic discharge risk level specifically includes: The lightning monitoring data, the static electricity monitoring data, and the environmental parameter data are input as time-series data into a pre-trained attention mechanism long short-term memory network model; After shared feature extraction by the attention mechanism long short-term memory network model, the lightning risk level and the electrostatic discharge risk level are output respectively through mutually independent lightning attention branches and electrostatic discharge attention branches.

3. The lightning protection and static electricity prevention electrical protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of calculating the comprehensive electrical risk index based on the lightning risk level and the electrostatic discharge risk level specifically includes: Obtain the sensitivity level of the protected equipment within the protected area; Based on the sensitivity level, configure a first weighting coefficient for the lightning risk level and a second weighting coefficient for the electrostatic discharge risk level; The comprehensive electrical risk index is obtained by multiplying the lightning risk level by the first weighting coefficient and adding the electrostatic discharge risk level by the second weighting coefficient.

4. The lightning protection and static electricity prevention electrical protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of generating coordinated control instructions based on the comprehensive electrical risk index specifically includes: Obtain the current operating status of the lightning protection module and the anti-static module, as well as the sensitivity level of the protected equipment within the protected area; When the comprehensive electrical risk index exceeds the preset medium risk threshold, the comprehensive electrical risk index, the operating status, and the sensitivity level are constructed into a state vector; The state vector is input into a pre-trained deep Q-network model, which outputs the optimal action sequence and uses the optimal action sequence as the cooperative control command.

5. The lightning protection and electrostatic discharge protection method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Above the preset medium-risk threshold, a preset high-risk threshold is also set; the step of controlling the lightning protection execution module and the anti-static execution module to perform corresponding lightning protection actions and / or anti-static actions in conjunction with the collaborative control command specifically includes: When the comprehensive electrical risk index is greater than or equal to the medium risk threshold and less than the preset high risk threshold, the lightning protection execution module and / or the anti-static execution module are controlled to perform partial protection actions, including starting the pulse ion fan array and / or adjusting the grounding impedance. When the comprehensive electrical risk index is greater than or equal to the preset high-risk threshold, the lightning protection execution module and the anti-static execution module are controlled to perform the highest level response action. The highest level response action includes raising the active early discharge lightning rod, switching the surge protector array to high current mode, closing the equipotential bonding switch of the critical equipment, and adjusting the grounding impedance to the lowest impedance state.

6. The lightning protection and electrostatic discharge protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-static action includes: dynamically adjusting the grounding impedance through a grounding state adaptive adjustment device; The step of dynamically adjusting the grounding impedance through the adaptive grounding state adjustment device specifically includes: According to the coordinated control command, the on / off combination of the controllable switching elements of the multiple parallel impedance branches in the grounding state adaptive adjustment device is controlled, so as to dynamically switch the grounding impedance bidirectionally between the low impedance mode for lightning current discharge and the appropriate impedance mode for static electricity discharge.

7. The lightning protection and electrostatic discharge protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrostatic monitoring data includes atmospheric electrostatic field strength data; Before the step of generating coordinated control instructions based on the comprehensive electrical risk index, the method further includes: Calculate the rate of change of the atmospheric electrostatic field strength data; When the rate of change exceeds a preset rate of change threshold, the lightning warning mode is triggered. In the lightning warning mode, a corresponding coordinated control command is generated to control the anti-static execution module to release the induced static charge in the protected area in advance, and to control the lightning protection execution module to switch the grounding impedance to a low impedance state.

8. The lightning protection and static electricity prevention electrical protection method according to claim 4, characterized in that, After the lightning protection and anti-static actuators work together to execute the corresponding lightning protection and / or anti-static actions, a closed-loop optimization step is also included: Continuously monitor the lightning monitoring data, the static electricity monitoring data, and the operating status after the execution of the lightning protection action and / or the anti-static action; When the comprehensive electrical risk index drops below the preset safety threshold, it gradually reverts to the normal protection mode; The state transition data during the protection process is stored in the experience replay pool. The state transition data includes the state vector, the optimal action sequence, the reward function value determined based on the protection result, and the state vector at the next moment, which are used for parameter updates of the deep Q-network model.

9. The lightning protection and static electricity prevention electrical protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes system self-diagnosis and hierarchical alarm steps: When a surge protector failure, excessive grounding resistance, or interruption of equipotential bonding is detected, a first-level emergency alarm is issued. When the surge protector is detected to have deteriorated to a preset medium threshold, the grounding resistance is detected to have a preset high threshold, or a sensor malfunction is detected, a second-level critical alarm is issued. When the surge protector is detected to have deteriorated to a preset mild threshold, environmental parameters deviate from the safe range, or the ion fan efficiency decreases, a level 3 warning alarm will be issued.

10. A lightning protection and anti-static electrical protection system, characterized in that, include: The multi-parameter sensing layer is used to collect lightning monitoring data, static electricity monitoring data, and environmental parameter data of the protected area in real time. The data fusion and risk assessment unit is used to fuse the lightning monitoring data, the electrostatic monitoring data and the environmental parameter data, simultaneously assess the lightning risk level and the electrostatic discharge risk level, and calculate the comprehensive electrical risk index based on the lightning risk level and the electrostatic discharge risk level. A collaborative control decision unit is used to generate collaborative control commands based on the comprehensive electrical risk index; The lightning protection execution module and the anti-static execution module are used to execute corresponding lightning protection actions and / or anti-static actions in conjunction with the coordinated control instructions.

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