Quantum calculation measurement and control system and quantum computer
By setting up an LVDS interface on the board of the quantum computing measurement and control system for communication, the problem of high data transmission delay is solved, and the system operation efficiency and the regulation efficiency of the quantum processor are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420765412.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-12
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-13
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-04-12
AI Technical Summary
The existing quantum computing measurement and control systems have high data transmission delays, resulting in low operating efficiency, affecting the regulation efficiency of quantum processors and the overall operating efficiency of the computer.
Set up LVDS interfaces on the central control board, routing board and function board for communication, receive the ready signal of the function board through the routing board and forward it to the central control board. The central control board then triggers the function board output measurement and control Signals realize high-speed transmission and fast switching.
It greatly reduces the forwarding time of ready signals and trigger signals, improves the operating efficiency of quantum computing measurement and control systems, and shortens the waiting time of functional boards.
Smart Images
Figure CN222167629U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application belongs to the field of quantum computing, and in particular, relates to a quantum computing measurement and control system and a quantum computer. Background Art
[0002] Quantum computers are physical devices that follow the laws of quantum mechanics to perform high-speed mathematical and logical operations, store and process quantum information. The main characteristics of quantum computers are fast operation speed, strong information processing capabilities, and a wide range of applications. Compared with ordinary computers, the more information is processed, the more advantageous it is for quantum computers to perform operations, and the more accurate the operations can be.
[0003] As the core component of a quantum computer, a quantum processor needs to be equipped with a quantum computing measurement and control system to meet the needs of various quantum computing tasks. The system integrates multiple functional modules to provide driving signals. As the number of quantum bits on quantum processors increases rapidly, the number of supporting functional modules is also increasing, and the quantum computing measurement and control system is becoming more and more complex.
[0004] The various functional modules within a quantum computing measurement and control system usually use gigabit or 10-gigabit networks to transmit information. Although this can meet the demand for high-speed data transmission, the delay in data transmission is very long, making the operating efficiency of the quantum computing measurement and control system extremely low, which directly affects the control efficiency of the quantum processor and, in turn, the operating efficiency of the quantum computer. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a quantum computing measurement and control system and a quantum computer to solve the problems of slow data transmission and high delay in quantum measurement and control systems in the prior art. This application can improve the operating efficiency of the quantum computing measurement and control system.
[0006] The technical solution of this application is as follows:
[0007] On one hand, the present application provides a quantum computing measurement and control system, including a central control board, at least one routing board, and at least one functional board corresponding to each routing board, wherein the central control board has a first LVDS interface, the routing board has a second LVDS interface and a third LVDS interface that communicate with each other, and the functional board has a fourth LVDS interface;
[0008] Among them, the first LVDS interface is bidirectionally remotely connected to the second LVDS interface of each routing board, and the third LVDS interface of each routing board is unidirectionally or bidirectionally locally connected to the fourth LVDS interface of the corresponding functional board, so that the central control board can trigger the functional board to output the measurement and control signal to the quantum processor at high speed through the routing board.
[0009] As described above, in the quantum computing measurement and control system, preferably, the number of the routing boards is multiple, and the quantum computing measurement and control system also includes a first chassis with the same number as the routing boards, each of the routing boards and the functional boards connected thereto are located inside the first chassis, and the central control board is located outside the first chassis.
[0010] In the quantum computing measurement and control system as described above, preferably, the central control board and each of the routing boards are connected via at least one network cable;
[0011] Two ends of the network cable are connected to the first LVDS interface and the second LVDS interface respectively.
[0012] In the quantum computing measurement and control system as described above, preferably, the network cable includes a Gigabit network cable or a 10 Gigabit network cable.
[0013] In the quantum computing measurement and control system as described above, preferably, each of the Gigabit network cables or 10 Gigabit network cables includes at least 8 signal transmission lines; wherein a pair of the signal transmission lines constitutes an LVDS channel.
[0014] The quantum computing measurement and control system as described above preferably further includes a second chassis located in the first chassis, and a backplane located in the second chassis; wherein the routing board and the functional board are both arranged on the backplane and connected via the backplane.
[0015] In the quantum computing measurement and control system as described above, preferably, a plurality of signal transmission lines are integrated on the backplane, and the third LVDS interface and the fourth LVDS interface are connected via the signal transmission lines.
[0016] In the quantum computing measurement and control system as described above, preferably, the plurality of signal transmission lines on the backplane connecting the same third LVDS interface and the same fourth LVDS interface are of equal length.
[0017] In the quantum computing measurement and control system as described above, preferably, the central control board, the routing board and the function board each include at least one PCB;
[0018] The first LVDS interface, the second LVDS interface, the third LVDS interface and the fourth LVDS interface are all integrated on a side of the PCB.
[0019] On the other hand, the present application provides a quantum computer, comprising any one of the above-mentioned quantum computing measurement and control systems and a quantum processor, wherein the quantum processor performs quantum computing according to a control signal output by the quantum computing measurement and control system.
[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present application communicates by setting LVDS interfaces on the central control board, the routing board and the functional board respectively. Specifically, the routing board communicates with the fourth LVDS interface of the functional board through the third LVDS interface, receives the ready signal sent by the functional board, and sends the ready signal to the central control board through the second LVDS interface and the first LVDS interface of the central control board; the trigger signal sent by the central control board according to the ready signal is received by communicating with the first LVDS interface of the central control board through the second LVDS interface, and then the trigger signal is forwarded to the functional board through the third LVDS interface and the fourth LVDS interface of the functional board to trigger the functional board to output the measurement and control signal to the quantum processor. By setting LVDS interfaces on each board to transmit the ready signal and the trigger signal, the forwarding time of the ready signal and the trigger signal is greatly reduced, and then the functional board can be quickly switched from the ready state to the trigger output, which shortens the waiting time of the functional board in the ready state and improves the operation efficiency of the quantum computing measurement and control system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0022] Figure 1 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a quantum computing measurement and control system provided in an embodiment of the present application;
[0023] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram 2 of a quantum computing measurement and control system provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] The following detailed description is illustrative only and is not intended to limit the application or use of the embodiments. In addition, it is not intended to be constrained by any explicit or implicit information presented in the previous "background technology" or "utility model content" or "specific implementation" sections.
[0025] To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, one or more embodiments are now described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein similar reference numerals throughout the text are used to refer to similar components. In the following description, for the purpose of explanation, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. However, it is clear that in various cases, one or more embodiments can be practiced without these specific details, and the various embodiments can be combined and referenced to each other without contradiction.
[0026] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.
[0027] As attached Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a quantum computing measurement and control system, including: a central control board, at least one routing board, and at least one functional board corresponding to each routing board, the routing board is connected to the host computer for communication, and receives the task package data of the quantum computing task to be executed. For a quantum computing task to be executed, the quantum bit information participating in the task, the parameter information of various signals provided for the quantum bits, etc. are all determined in the host computer, and then sent to the routing board, which is then forwarded to each functional board; the functional board generates each signal according to the parameter information of the various signals received, and then does not directly output the signal, but generates a ready signal to the routing board, the routing board receives the ready signal of each functional board and forwards it to the central control board, and then the central control board generates a trigger signal according to the ready signal, and the trigger signal is forwarded to each functional board through the routing board, triggering it to output each signal or collect the signal output by the quantum bit.
[0028] For example, the functional boards include an AWG board, a DAC board and an ADDA board, wherein the AWG board is used to output a DC voltage signal and a pulse bias signal, the DAC board is used to output an intermediate frequency signal, and the ADDA board is used to output a microwave signal for measuring the quantum processor and to collect the signal output by the quantum processor and perform processing and analysis.
[0029] In addition, multiple quantum bits are integrated on the quantum chip, and each quantum bit on the quantum chip is connected to a flux modulation control line, a quantum state regulation control line, and a read bus.
[0030] On the one hand, the flux modulation control line is used to apply a flux modulation signal to control the working frequency of the quantum bit. When the quantum bit performs quantum operations, it needs to be at the corresponding working frequency. This working frequency is controlled by the flux modulation signal. The flux modulation signal includes a DC voltage signal and a pulse bias signal. The flux modulation signal is provided by the AWG board.
[0031] On the other hand, the quantum state control line is used to apply microwave signals to control the quantum state of the quantum bit. When the quantum bit performs quantum calculations, the quantum state of the quantum bit needs to be adjusted to the target quantum state. This target quantum state is controlled by microwave signals, which are obtained by mixing the intermediate frequency signal output by the DAC board and the local oscillator signal.
[0032] On the other hand, the read bus is used to measure the result of quantum operation performed on the qubit. During measurement, a microwave signal for reading needs to be applied at one end of the measurement bus (this microwave signal and the microwave signal for regulating the quantum state are both high-frequency microwave signals, but their frequency, power and other parameters are different). The read signal is transmitted to the qubit through the read bus, and then the feedback signal output by the qubit is collected at the other end of the read bus, and then the feedback signal is changed and processed to obtain the result after the qubit operation. The microwave signal read is output by mixing the intermediate frequency signal output by the DAC part on the ADDA board with the local oscillator signal; the acquisition is performed by the ADC part on the ADDA board.
[0033] In this embodiment, the central control board has a first LVDS interface, the routing board has a second LVDS interface and a third LVDS interface that communicate with each other, and the functional board has a fourth LVDS interface; wherein the first LVDS interface and the second LVDS interface of each routing board are bidirectionally remotely connected, and the third LVDS interface of each routing board is unidirectionally or bidirectionally locally connected to the fourth LVDS interface of the corresponding functional board, so that the central control board can trigger the functional board to output the measurement and control signal to the quantum processor at high speed through the routing board.
[0034] The communication is performed by respectively setting LVDS interfaces on the central control board, the routing board and the function board. Specifically, the routing board communicates with the fourth LVDS interface of the function board through the third LVDS interface, receives the ready signal sent by the function board, and sends the ready signal to the central control board through the second LVDS interface and the first LVDS interface of the central control board; the trigger signal sent by the central control board according to the ready signal is received through the second LVDS interface and the first LVDS interface of the central control board, and then the trigger signal is forwarded to the function board through the third LVDS interface and the fourth LVDS interface of the function board, so as to trigger the function board to output the measurement and control signal to the quantum processor.
[0035] For example, the routing board and the central control board use the LVDS interface for network cable communication, with a first communication rate, and the routing board and the functional board use the LVDS interface for backplane communication, with a second communication rate; and the first communication rate is less than the second communication rate. Among them, the LVDS interface corresponds to an interface circuit, including an output interface circuit (also called an LVDS transmitter) and an input interface circuit (also called an LVDS receiver), which are integrated with the central control board, the routing board, and the functional board. In addition, in this embodiment, the communication rate for transmitting data between the routing board and the functional board is higher than the communication rate between the routing board and the central control board.
[0036] Combined with the above description, the data transmitted between the routing board and the function board are ready signals and trigger signals, and the data communicated between the routing board and the central control board are also ready signals and trigger signals, that is, the transmission chain of the ready signal is from the function board to the routing board to the central control board, and its corresponding trigger signal is from the central control board to the routing board to the function board, and the trigger output of each ready function board is realized through the trigger signal.
[0037] Through the above forwarding process of the ready signal and the trigger signal, it can be understood that the transmission efficiency of the ready signal and the trigger signal directly affects the working efficiency of the functional board. In this embodiment, by setting an LVDS interface on each board to transmit the ready signal and the trigger signal, the forwarding time of the ready signal and the trigger signal is greatly reduced, and the functional board can be quickly switched from the ready state to the trigger output, shortening the waiting time of the functional board in the ready state, and improving the operating efficiency of the quantum computing measurement and control system.
[0038] The LVDS interface can adopt a variety of interface styles, which are set according to the number of cables required for data transmission. In this embodiment, it needs to be determined according to the number of quantum bits on the quantum processor.
[0039] As attached Figure 2 As shown, as the integration of quantum processors expands, the number of functional boards in the quantum computing control system increases, and the number of required routing boards increases. A central control board will communicate with several routing boards. For example, there are multiple routing boards, and the quantum computing control system also includes a first chassis with the same number of routing boards. Each routing board and the functional board connected to it are located inside a first chassis, and the central control board is located outside the first chassis.
[0040] The functional board in the first chassis can provide various control signals required for several quantum bits to run quantum computing. When the number of quantum bits on the quantum processor is expanded, the first chassis and the internally integrated routing board and functional board are expanded. Among them, the central control board is located outside the first chassis, and the first LVDS interface of the central control board is connected to the second LVDS interface of the routing board in each first chassis by network cable communication. In addition, the routing board and the functional board are integrated in a first chassis to facilitate the communication connection of the third LVDS interface and the fourth LVDS interface through the backplane.
[0041] In one example, the applicant's quantum processor integrates 72 quantum bits, and the corresponding quantum computing measurement and control system uses three first chassis, each of which can be responsible for the signals required for the operation of 24 quantum bits.
[0042] In the above example, the central control board and each routing board are connected via a network cable. Specifically, the network cable includes a Gigabit network cable or a 10 Gigabit network cable. The two ends of the Gigabit network cable and the 10 Gigabit network cable are respectively connected to the first LVDS interface and the second LVDS interface, and the signal is transmitted through the LVDS protocol. The number of the first LVDS interface and the second LVDS interface is set according to the number of cables required for data transmission.
[0043] For example, the quantum processor integrates 72 qubits, and the corresponding quantum computing control system uses three first chassis, each of which integrates a routing board and several functional boards to be responsible for the signals required for the operation of 24 qubits. Each gigabit or 10-gigabit network cable used for communication connection between the central control board outside the first chassis and the routing board inside the first chassis includes at least 8 signal transmission lines; wherein, a pair of signal transmission lines constitutes an LVDS channel, that is, each gigabit or 10-gigabit network cable includes at least 4 LVDS channels, that is, each network cable between the central control board and the routing board includes at least 4 LVDS channels, and if the data of each LVDS channel uses 8 bits, the control of 8 qubits can be realized, and the use of one network cable can ensure the demand for 32 qubits.
[0044] In other examples, each Gigabit network cable or 10 Gigabit network cable includes other numbers of signal transmission lines, which will not be described in detail in this embodiment.
[0045] As described in the above embodiment, the quantum computing measurement and control system includes a plurality of first chassis, in which routing boards and a plurality of functional boards are integrated, and specifically, also includes a second chassis located in the first chassis, and a backplane located in the second chassis; wherein the routing boards and the functional boards are both arranged on the backplane and connected via backplane communication.
[0046] There are a large number of functional boards in the quantum computing measurement and control system. The trigger output of these functional boards is achieved by communicating with a routing board and several functional boards. Therefore, the routing board and the functional boards connected to it are usually integrated on a backplane, and LVDS is set on the backplane for communication between the routing board and the functional boards.
[0047] For example, the second chassis adopts a VPX chassis, and a backplane is set in the second chassis. The backplane is integrated with multiple card slots, and the card slots are electrically connected through signal transmission lines on the backplane. The routing board and the function board are inserted into the card slots of the backplane to realize the communication connection between the routing board and the function board.
[0048] In addition, the measurement and control signal output by the function board of this embodiment is usually an intermediate frequency signal, and the frequency of the measurement and control signal applied to the quantum processor is close to the operating frequency of the quantum processor, usually 6GHz-8GHz, so it is necessary to perform mixing processing on the intermediate frequency signal output by the function board to obtain a high-frequency measurement and control signal. Specifically, a mixing module is used to perform mixing processing on the intermediate frequency signal output by the function board, wherein the mixing module is arranged inside the first chassis and outside the second chassis, and is electrically connected to the signal port on the second chassis through a cable or a signal line to achieve mixing processing of the intermediate frequency signal output by the function board in the second chassis, and output the measurement and control signal after mixing processing to the quantum processor.
[0049] As described above, the backplane is integrated with several signal transmission lines, and the third LVDS interface and the fourth LVDS interface are connected through the signal transmission lines, and the signal is transmitted through the LVDS protocol to realize the communication connection between the routing board and the functional board. Among them, the third LVDS interface and the fourth LVDS interface can adopt a variety of interface styles, which are set according to the number of channels required for data transmission.
[0050] As described above, the rate of signal data transmission of network cable communication and backplane communication using LVDS interface communication is not less than 800MHz. Specifically, a network cable is used to penetrate the first chassis to achieve communication connection between the central control board and the routing board, and has a certain length. The rate of signal data transmission of network cable communication using LVDS interface communication is not less than 800MHz. The central control board and the functional board are both integrated on the backplane, and the signal data line and LVDS interface communication on the backplane are used to communicate. The rate of signal data transmission of the backplane communication using LVDS interface communication is not less than 800MHz.
[0051] In addition, several signal transmission lines connecting the same third LVDS interface and the same fourth LVDS interface on the backplane are of equal length, so that the transmission lines between the same group of LVDS interfaces between the routing board and the functional board connected for communication are of equal length, ensuring the consistency and synchronization of the transmitted trigger signals.
[0052] In this embodiment, the central control board, the routing board, and the functional board each include at least one PCB, and electronic components integrated on the PCB, for realizing the functions of each board. Among them, the first LVDS interface, the second LVDS interface, the third LVDS interface, and the fourth LVDS interface are all integrated on the side of the PCB. For example, each LVDS interface is fixed on the side of the PCB using a right-angle interface to facilitate communication connection between each board.
[0053] Based on the same application concept, this embodiment also provides a quantum computer, including any of the above-mentioned quantum computing measurement and control systems and a quantum processor, and the quantum processor performs quantum computing according to the control signal output by the quantum computing measurement and control system.
[0054] The above describes in detail the structure, features and effects of the present application based on the embodiments shown in the drawings. The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the present application does not limit the scope of implementation to what is shown in the drawings. Any changes made in accordance with the concept of the present application, or modifications to equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, which still do not exceed the spirit covered by the description and drawings, should be within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A quantum computing measurement and control system, characterized in that: It includes a central control board, at least one routing board, and at least one functional board corresponding to each routing board, wherein the central control board has a first LVDS interface, the routing board has a second LVDS interface and a third LVDS interface that communicate with each other, and the functional board has a fourth LVDS interface; Among them, the first LVDS interface is bidirectionally remotely connected to the second LVDS interface of each routing board, and the third LVDS interface of each routing board is unidirectionally or bidirectionally locally connected to the fourth LVDS interface of the corresponding functional board, so that the central control board can trigger the functional board to output the measurement and control signal to the quantum processor at high speed through the routing board.
2. The quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple routing boards, and the quantum computing measurement and control system also includes a first chassis with the same number as the routing boards. Each routing board and the functional board connected thereto are located inside the first chassis, and the central control board is located outside the first chassis.
3. The quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The central control board and each of the routing boards are connected via at least one network cable; Two ends of the network cable are connected to the first LVDS interface and the second LVDS interface respectively.
4. The quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The network cable includes a Gigabit network cable or a 10 Gigabit network cable.
5. The quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each of the Gigabit network cables or 10 Gigabit network cables includes at least 8 signal transmission lines; wherein a pair of the signal transmission lines constitutes an LVDS channel.
6. The quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a second chassis located in the first chassis, and a backplane located in the second chassis; wherein the routing board and the function board are both arranged on the backplane and connected via the backplane.
7. The quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The backplane is integrated with a plurality of signal transmission lines, and the third LVDS interface and the fourth LVDS interface are connected via the signal transmission lines.
8. The quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The plurality of signal transmission lines on the backplane connecting the third LVDS interface and the fourth LVDS interface are of equal length.
9. The quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central control board, the routing board and the function board each include at least one PCB; The first LVDS interface, the second LVDS interface, the third LVDS interface and the fourth LVDS interface are all integrated on a side of the PCB.
10. A quantum computer, characterized in that: It comprises a quantum computing measurement and control system and a quantum processor as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the quantum processor performs quantum computing according to a control signal output by the quantum computing measurement and control system.