Composite smoke prevention and exhaust structure for high-rise building
By using a composite smoke-proof structure with mechanical smoke exhaust ports, smoke-blocking walls and vertical air curtains combined with pressurized air supply in high-rise buildings, a two-dimensional smoke-proof mode and smoke exhaust cavity are formed, and the spread of fire smoke is solved. and the problem of low smoke exhaust efficiency improves the flue gas removal efficiency and escape safety.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421104953.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-21
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-31
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-05-21
AI Technical Summary
The existing high-rise building fire flue gas control methods have poor smoke exhaust effect in the early stage of the fire, the flue gas is prone to spread, and pressurized air supply is difficult to prevent the flue gas from entering the foreroom and stairwell, affecting personnel escape and fire rescue.
Adopt a composite smoke-proof and exhaust structure, including mechanical smoke exhaust ports, smoke-blocking walls, vertical air curtains and pressurized air supply, forming a two-dimensional smoke-proof mode, combined with the smoke exhaust cavity structure, effectively blocking and eliminating smoke and reducing Flue gas temperature and CO concentration.
It improves smoke exhaust efficiency, weakens the chimney effect, provides a safe escape environment and favorable fire rescue conditions, reduces the smoke temperature and CO concentration, and increases the smoke exhaust efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN222278788U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of smoke exhaust prevention structures, in particular to a composite smoke exhaust prevention structure for a high-rise building. Background Art
[0002] At present, smoke control in high-rise building fires mainly adopts a smoke exhaust combined with pressurized air supply in antechambers and stairwells to prevent smoke from spreading to the antechamber and stairwells within a certain period of time. Mechanical pressurized air supply is carried out in stairwells and antechambers to increase the pressure in the antechamber and stairwells to prevent smoke and help people escape. This mode has certain advantages in ensuring the evacuation safety of stairs and antechambers.
[0003] However, this method has two major defects: First, in the early stage of a fire, the smoke layer is relatively thin, and the mechanical smoke exhaust port will penetrate the smoke layer and then inhale the air below the smoke layer, which cannot effectively and timely remove the smoke in the corridor, resulting in a poor smoke exhaust effect. In addition, due to the effect of thermal driving force, the fire smoke will quickly spread to the front room along the smooth ceiling, causing the smoke to stay at the smoke exhaust port for a short time and low smoke exhaust efficiency. Second, since the front room and stairwell only have one-dimensional smoke protection by pressurized air supply, the fire smoke can easily break through the pressurized air supply and enter the front room and stairwell, strengthening the chimney effect. The smoke spreads rapidly through the stairwell, which is not conducive to personnel escape and fire rescue.
[0004] Therefore, the utility model provides a composite smoke prevention and exhaust structure for high-rise buildings to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to solve the shortcomings existing in the prior art, and a composite smoke prevention and exhaust structure for high-rise buildings is proposed, which, through mechanical smoke exhaust ports, smoke barrier vertical walls, vertical air curtains, pressurized air supply in front rooms and stairwells, together constitutes a composite smoke prevention and exhaust structure, which solves the problems existing in the prior art in building fire prevention and exhaust, and provides a safe environment for personnel escape and fire rescue.
[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions: a composite smoke prevention and exhaust structure for a high-rise building, comprising a corridor, a smoke exhaust port, a smoke barrier vertical wall, a vertical air curtain for an antechamber door opening, and a vertical air curtain for a staircase door opening, wherein the smoke exhaust port is arranged at a position on one side in the middle of the upper side of the corridor, and the smoke barrier vertical wall is arranged at a position on the other side in the middle of the upper side of the corridor;
[0007] The vertical air curtain of the front room door opening is arranged on the upper side of the corridor close to the side of the smoke barrier vertical wall, and the vertical air curtain of the staircase door opening is arranged on the upper side of the corridor away from the side of the smoke barrier vertical wall;
[0008] Through the above technical scheme, air curtains are added above the door openings in the vestibule and stairwell, and a two-dimensional smoke prevention mode is formed in conjunction with pressurized air supply in the vestibule and stairwell, which effectively blocks the smoke on the corridor side, improves the smoke exhaust efficiency of the corridor, weakens the chimney effect, reduces the smoke temperature and CO concentration in the vestibule and stairwell, and provides a safe environment for personnel to escape. In addition, a smoke-blocking vertical wall is added 50-100cm downstream of the smoke exhaust port to form a smoke exhaust cavity together with the mechanical smoke exhaust port. In the early stage of a fire, the smoke is gathered at the smoke exhaust port, increasing the smoke exhaust efficiency and reducing the average temperature and average CO concentration in the corridor, which is conducive to the evacuation of personnel and also improves favorable conditions for firefighting and rescue activities.
[0009] Furthermore, the vertical air curtain at the front room door opening and the vertical air curtain at the stairwell door opening both use ductless air curtain machines;
[0010] Through the above technical solution, the pressurized air supply from the antechamber and stairwell is blown out to form an air curtain, without introducing fresh air from the outside alone, and without increasing the total pressurized air supply volume.
[0011] Furthermore, the installation height of the vertical air curtain of the front room door opening and the vertical air curtain of the staircase door opening is 5-10 cm from the upper edge of the door opening, the length of the air outlet of the vertical air curtain of the front room door opening and the vertical air curtain of the staircase door opening is the width of the door opening plus 5-10 cm on both sides, and the width of the air outlet is 3-5 cm;
[0012] Through the above technical solution, the smoke can be effectively blocked on the corridor side, the smoke exhaust efficiency of the corridor is improved, and the chimney effect is weakened.
[0013] Furthermore, the smoke barrier vertical wall is arranged 50-100 cm downstream of the smoke outlet;
[0014] Through the above technical solution, a smoke exhaust cavity is formed together with the mechanical smoke exhaust port, and smoke is gathered at the smoke exhaust port at the early stage of a fire, thereby increasing the smoke exhaust efficiency and reducing the average temperature in the corridor.
[0015] Furthermore, the air volume of the vertical air curtain of the front room doorway is 1 / 3 of the pressurized air volume of the front room, and the air volume of the vertical air curtain of the staircase doorway is 1 / 3 of the pressurized air volume of the stairs;
[0016] Through the above technical solution, a two-dimensional smoke prevention mode is formed in conjunction with pressurized air supply in the front room and stairwell, which effectively blocks the smoke on the corridor side and improves the smoke exhaust efficiency of the corridor.
[0017] The utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0018] 1. The utility model proposes a composite smoke exhaust structure for high-rise buildings, which finds a new simple and reliable solution for fire smoke exhaust in high-rise buildings, solves the problems existing in the prior art for fire smoke exhaust in buildings, and provides a safe environment for personnel escape and fire rescue.
[0019] 2. The utility model proposes a composite smoke prevention and exhaust structure for high-rise buildings, which adds air curtains above the door openings in the antechamber and stairwell to form a two-dimensional smoke prevention mode based on the air curtain and pressurized air supply, effectively blocking the smoke on the corridor side, preventing the fire smoke from entering the antechamber and stairwell, improving the smoke exhaust efficiency of the corridor, reducing the smoke temperature and CO concentration in the antechamber and stairwell, and providing a safe environment for people to escape.
[0020] 3. The utility model proposes a composite smoke prevention and exhaust structure for high-rise buildings, which adds a smoke barrier vertical wall under the smoke exhaust port to form a smoke exhaust cavity. In the early stage of a fire, the smoke is gathered at the smoke exhaust port, thereby increasing the smoke exhaust efficiency and reducing the average temperature and average CO concentration in the corridor, which is conducive to the evacuation of personnel and also improves favorable conditions for firefighting and rescue activities.
[0021] 4. The utility model proposes a composite smoke exhaust structure for high-rise buildings. The device has a simple structure and low cost and can be used in buildings, subways, and stations. It brings huge market space for the production of air curtain machines, the construction of fire protection structures for new buildings, and the fire protection renovation projects for old buildings, thereby creating a large number of jobs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the layout design of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.
[0024] Example
[0025] Reference Figure 1 The utility model provides an embodiment: a composite smoke prevention and exhaust structure for a high-rise building, comprising a corridor, a smoke exhaust port, a smoke barrier vertical wall, a vertical air curtain for an antechamber doorway and a vertical air curtain for a staircase doorway, wherein the smoke exhaust port is arranged at a position on one side in the middle of the upper side of the corridor, and the smoke barrier vertical wall is arranged at a position on the other side in the middle of the upper side of the corridor;
[0026] In this mode, the airflow acts both horizontally and vertically, building an air wall supported by a rear force, avoiding the disadvantages of traditional one-dimensional smoke protection with pressurized air supply alone or one-dimensional smoke protection with air curtain alone, which are easily penetrated by fire smoke. It effectively blocks the smoke on the corridor side, prevents the fire smoke from entering the antechamber and stairwell, improves the smoke exhaust efficiency of the corridor, reduces the smoke temperature and CO concentration in the antechamber and stairwell, and provides a safe environment for people to escape.
[0027] The vertical air curtain of the front room door opening is set at the upper side of the corridor close to the vertical smoke barrier wall, and the vertical air curtain of the staircase door opening is set at the upper side of the corridor away from the vertical smoke barrier wall;
[0028] An air curtain is added above the door openings in the vestibule and stairwell, and a two-dimensional smoke prevention mode is formed in conjunction with pressurized air supply in the vestibule and stairwell, which effectively blocks the smoke on the corridor side, improves the smoke exhaust efficiency of the corridor, weakens the chimney effect, reduces the smoke temperature and CO concentration in the vestibule and stairwell, and provides a safe environment for people to escape. In addition, a smoke-blocking vertical wall is added 50-100cm downstream of the smoke exhaust port to form a smoke exhaust cavity together with the mechanical smoke exhaust port. In the early stage of a fire, the smoke is gathered at the smoke exhaust port, increasing the smoke exhaust efficiency and reducing the average temperature and average CO concentration in the corridor, which is conducive to the evacuation of personnel and also creates favorable conditions for firefighting and rescue activities.
[0029] The vertical air curtains at the front room door opening and the staircase door opening are both ductless air curtains. The installation height of the vertical air curtains at the front room door opening and the staircase door opening is 5-10cm above the door opening. The length of the air outlets of the vertical air curtains at the front room door opening and the staircase door opening is the width of the door opening plus 5-10cm on both sides, and the width of the air outlet is 3-5cm. The air volume of the vertical air curtain at the front room door opening is 1 / 3 of the pressurized air volume of the front room, and the air volume of the vertical air curtain at the staircase door opening is 1 / 3 of the pressurized air volume of the stairs;
[0030] The pressurized air supply from the antechamber and stairwell is blown out to form an air curtain. Fresh air is not introduced from the outside separately, and the total pressurized air supply volume is not increased. The smoke is effectively blocked on the corridor side, the smoke exhaust efficiency of the corridor is improved, and the chimney effect is weakened.
[0031] The smoke barrier is set 50-100cm downstream of the smoke exhaust port. It is a hidden smoke barrier. It is usually hidden in the ceiling or integrated with the ceiling. When a fire occurs, it will droop down to block the smoke and form a smoking chamber with the smoke exhaust port. The drooping height is from the ceiling to 2 meters from the corridor floor. The length of the smoke barrier is the width of the corridor. Flexible fireproof materials are used on both sides close to the corridor walls to prevent smoke from passing through the gap between the smoke barrier and the wall.
[0032] Together with the mechanical smoke exhaust port, a smoke exhaust cavity is formed, which gathers smoke at the smoke exhaust port in the early stage of a fire, increases smoke exhaust efficiency, and reduces the average temperature in the corridor. The smoke barrier wall can slow down the spread of smoke, gather smoke at the smoke exhaust port in the early stage of a fire, increases smoke exhaust efficiency, and reduces the average temperature and average CO concentration in the corridor.
[0033] Working principle: Fire smoke emitted from the fire source will move to one side. When the smoke reaches the position of pressurized air supply, the air curtain between the vestibule and the stairwell and the pressurized air supply between the vestibule and the stairwell form a two-dimensional smoke prevention mode, which effectively blocks the smoke on the corridor side. A smoke-blocking vertical wall is added 50-100cm downstream of the smoke exhaust port to form a smoke exhaust cavity together with the mechanical smoke exhaust port. In the early stage of the fire, the smoke is gathered at the smoke exhaust port and discharged outward from the smoke exhaust port, thereby increasing the smoke exhaust efficiency.
[0034] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A composite smoke exhaust structure for a high-rise building, comprising a corridor, a smoke exhaust port, a smoke barrier wall, a vertical air curtain for antechamber door openings, a vertical air curtain for staircase door openings, antechamber pressurized air supply and stair pressurized air supply, characterized in that: The smoke exhaust port is arranged at one side of the middle of the upper side of the corridor, and the smoke barrier vertical wall is arranged at the other side of the middle of the upper side of the corridor; The vertical air curtain of the front room door opening is arranged on the upper side of the corridor close to the side of the smoke barrier vertical wall, and the vertical air curtain of the staircase door opening is arranged on the upper side of the corridor away from the side of the smoke barrier vertical wall.
2. A high-rise building composite smoke prevention and exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical air curtain at the front room door opening and the vertical air curtain at the stairwell door opening both adopt ductless air curtain machines.
3. A high-rise building composite smoke prevention and exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The installation height of the vertical air curtain of the front room door opening and the vertical air curtain of the stairwell door opening is 5-10 cm from the upper edge of the door opening. The length of the air outlet of the vertical air curtain of the front room door opening and the vertical air curtain of the stairwell door opening is the width of the door opening plus 5-10 cm extended on both sides, and the width of the air outlet is 3-5 cm.
4. A high-rise building composite smoke prevention and exhaust structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smoke barrier vertical wall is arranged 50-100 cm downstream of the smoke exhaust port.
5. The composite smoke prevention and exhaust structure for high-rise buildings according to claim 1 is characterized by: The air volume of the vertical air curtain at the door opening of the front room is 1 / 3 of the pressurized air supply volume of the front room, and the air volume of the vertical air curtain at the door opening of the stairwell is 1 / 3 of the pressurized air supply volume of the stairs.