Angle amplification optical diffraction experiment device

Abstract

The utility model discloses an angle magnification optical diffraction experiment device. Comprising a one-dimensional optical slide rail, and a helium-neon laser, a one-dimensional arrangement lens group and a receiving measurement assembly which are sequentially arranged at intervals along an optical axis from an object side to an image side, and samples used for diffraction experiments are arranged among lenses in the one-dimensional arrangement lens group along the optical axis direction. The one-dimensional arrangement lens group, the receiving and measuring assembly and the sample are slidably mounted on the one-dimensional optical slide rail; and the helium-neon laser and the one-dimensional optical slide rail are both arranged on the top surface of the optical platform. According to the utility model, through the beam expanding light path and the angle amplification light path which are formed by the lens group, the diameter of the laser beam and the diffraction angle are respectively enlarged, so that diffraction spots of a macroscopic object are clearly visible on a naked eye resolution scale, the device can be used for displaying diffraction and interference phenomena of various large-size structures, and the whole set of device is simple, compact and convenient to use. The device is clear in structure, has high flexibility, and can be widely applied to physical optical experiment teaching.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the regulation and demonstration of optical diffraction phenomena, and in particular to an angle-magnifying optical diffraction experimental device. Background Art

[0002] Interference and diffraction are very basic and important branches in optical research. Diffraction experiments involve the physical principles of wave optics and the basic operation of optical path adjustment. They also have rich research significance and teaching value. In order to see obvious diffraction phenomena, the diffracted object must be of the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of the light wave. This condition limits the size of the diffracted object to the micrometer level. It is difficult to obtain diffracted objects of microscopic size, which increases the difficulty of studying diffraction phenomena of highly complex structures.

[0003] Designing a diffraction experimental device suitable for macroscopic diffracting objects will help to achieve diffraction observations of more complex structural systems in a simple and low-cost manner. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the background technology, the utility model proposes an angle magnification optical diffraction experimental device. Through the beam expansion optical path and the angle magnification optical path formed by the lens group, the laser beam diameter is enlarged and the diffraction angle is magnified respectively, so that the diffraction spots of the macroscopic object are clearly visible on the naked eye resolution scale; the sample rotating seat is suitable for plane diffracting objects, and can complete the fixation, rotation and angle measurement of the sample; sufficient sample space can place multiple sample rotating seats, so as to realize the diffraction observation of multi-layer complex structures.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the utility model is:

[0006] It comprises a one-dimensional optical slide rail, a He-Ne laser, a one-dimensionally arranged lens group and a receiving and measuring component which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the direction from the object side to the image side of the optical axis, wherein a sample for diffraction experiment is arranged along the optical axis between the lenses in the one-dimensionally arranged lens group;

[0007] The one-dimensional arrangement lens group, receiving measurement component and sample are slidably mounted on the one-dimensional optical slide rail, and the helium-neon laser and the one-dimensional optical slide rail are arranged on the top surface of the optical platform.

[0008] The one-dimensionally arranged lens group includes a beam expansion optical path component for laser beam expansion and an angle magnification optical path component for magnifying the diffraction angle of the diffracted light when diffraction occurs, which are sequentially arranged in intervals along the optical axis from the object side to the image side;

[0009] The beam expansion optical path component comprises an eyepiece lens and a first objective lens which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the direction from the object side to the image side of the optical axis, and the rear focus of the eyepiece lens and the front focus of the first objective lens coincide with each other along the direction from the object side to the image side of the optical axis; the angle magnification optical path component comprises a second objective lens and an optional convex lens which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the direction from the object side to the image side of the optical axis, and the rear focus of the second objective lens and the front focus of the optional convex lens coincide with each other along the direction from the object side to the image side of the optical axis; wherein the front focus is the first focus of the lens along the direction from the object side to the image side of the optical axis, and the rear focus is the second focus of the lens along the direction from the object side to the image side of the optical axis;

[0010] A first sample rotating seat and a second sample rotating seat, both of which are equipped with the samples, are arranged in sequence between the first objective lens and the second objective lens. The first sample rotating seat and the second sample rotating seat are both 74mm-diameter wave plate rotating mounting seats with scales and an accuracy of 1 degree. They are used to fix planar samples and can perform arbitrary angle operations on the sample on the vertical plane of the optical axis. The rotation angle of the sample is determined by the scale on the rotating seat, thereby realizing alignment, rotation and angle measurement between multi-layer samples and observation of diffraction phenomena of multi-layer rotating samples. The first sample rotating seat and the second sample rotating seat are both slidably mounted on the top surface of the one-dimensional optical slide rail through a bracket assembly. The eyepiece lens, the first objective lens, and the second objective lens are all convex lenses.

[0011] The receiving and measuring assembly includes a receiving convex lens and a camera which are sequentially arranged along the optical axis from the object side to the image side. The camera is specifically a CCD camera. The pixel size of the camera is 2.8 μm*2.8 μm, the total number of pixels is 2048*1536, and the camera is electrically connected to a computer.

[0012] The receiving convex lens is installed in the second lens frame, and the second lens frame and the camera are both slidably installed on the top surface of the one-dimensional optical slide rail through a bracket assembly.

[0013] The light beam emitted by the helium-neon laser is incident on the eyepiece lens and the first objective lens in sequence and then expanded. The expanded light beam is diffracted when passing through the sample. The diffracted light beam is then converged by the second objective lens and then emitted through an optional convex lens. At this time, the diffraction angle of the diffracted light beam is magnified. The emitted diffracted light beam is finally emitted through a receiving convex lens and collected by a camera.

[0014] The helium-neon laser comprises a laser power supply and a laser tube;

[0015] The laser power supply is placed on the top surface of the optical platform, the laser tube is fixed on the laser clamp and the laser emission direction of the laser tube is along the optical axis and toward the direction of the one-dimensionally arranged lens group. The laser clamp is used for two-dimensional pitch angle adjustment to adjust the angle of the laser emission direction relative to the optical axis. The bottom of the laser clamp is connected to the magnetic base via a support rod, the magnetic base is adsorbed on the top surface of the optical platform, and the laser power supply and the laser tube are electrically connected.

[0016] The focal length of the eyepiece lens is 10 mm, the focal lengths of the first objective lens and the second objective lens are both 50 cm, and the focal length of the convex lens can be selected to be 3 cm or 1 cm.

[0017] The eyepiece lens is fixed by a V-shaped clamp provided below the eyepiece lens, the first objective lens and the second objective lens are respectively mounted in a first three-claw clamp and a second three-claw clamp, and the selectable convex lens is mounted in a first lens frame;

[0018] The V-shaped clamp, the first three-jaw clamp, the second three-jaw clamp and the first lens frame are all slidably mounted on the top surface of the one-dimensional optical slide rail through a bracket assembly.

[0019] The support assembly includes a support rod, a support and a sliding seat; the sliding seat can be slidably mounted on the top of the one-dimensional optical slide rail, and the sliding seat can freely move and fix its position on the one-dimensional optical slide rail, thereby realizing the adjustment of the relative position of any optical element on the optical axis, the support is fixed to the top surface of the sliding seat in the vertical direction, the support rod is displaceably inserted into the support in the vertical direction, and the V-shaped clamp, the first three-jaw clamp, the second three-jaw clamp, the first lens frame and the second lens frame are connected to the support via the support rod.

[0020] One or more samples can be arranged between the first objective lens and the second objective lens according to experimental requirements.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0022] 1. The utility model overcomes the defect that the size of the diffraction object can only be in the micron order, can significantly amplify the diffraction angle, and adopts a set of double-lens combination structure to expand the laser spot to the centimeter scale, successfully realizing the diffraction phenomenon observation of millimeter-scale objects, and the diffraction spot is clearly visible.

[0023] 2. The rotating seat of the utility model can realize the alignment and rotation of the multi-layer structure, and can perform quantitative measurement of angles, and has strong application expansibility.

[0024] 3. The utility model has a large sample space, is suitable for macroscopic objects, and can be used to demonstrate diffraction and interference phenomena of various structures; the whole device is simple, compact, has a clear structure, has strong flexibility, and can be widely used in physical optics experimental teaching. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the complete angular magnification optical diffraction experimental setup.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a helium-neon laser and a beam expansion lens assembly.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sample rotating seat.

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the angle magnification optical path lens group and computer observation.

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of white screen observation.

[0030] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of beam expansion light path.

[0031] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the angle magnification optical path.

[0032] In the figure: 1. laser power supply, 2. laser tube, 3. laser clamp, 4. eyepiece lens, 5. V-shaped clamp, 6. first objective lens, 7. first three-jaw clamp, 8. first sample rotating seat, 9. second sample rotating seat, 10. sample, 11. second objective lens, 12. second three-jaw clamp, 13. optional convex lens, 14. first lens frame, 15. receiving convex lens, 16. second lens frame, 17. camera, 18. optical platform, 19. one-dimensional optical slide rail, 20. magnetic base, 21. support rod, 22. support, 24. sliding seat, 25. computer, 26. white screen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The utility model is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the experimental device includes a one-dimensional optical slide rail 19, and He-Ne lasers, a one-dimensionally arranged lens group, and a receiving and measuring component that are sequentially arranged along the optical axis from the object side to the image side. A sample 10 for diffraction experiment is arranged between the lenses in the one-dimensionally arranged lens group along the optical axis direction.

[0035] The one-dimensional array lens group, receiving measurement components and samples are slidably mounted on a one-dimensional optical slide rail 19. The He-Ne laser and the one-dimensional optical slide rail 19 are arranged on the top surface of the optical platform 18. The optical platform is a standard optical platform.

[0036] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the one-dimensionally arranged lens group includes a beam expansion optical path component for laser beam expansion, which is sequentially arranged from the object side to the image side along the optical axis and an angle magnification optical path component for magnifying the diffraction angle of the diffracted light when diffraction occurs;

[0037] The beam expansion optical path component comprises an eyepiece lens 4 and a first objective lens 6 which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the direction from the object side to the image side of the optical axis, and the rear focus of the eyepiece lens 4 and the front focus of the first objective lens 6 coincide with each other along the direction from the object side to the image side of the optical axis; the angle magnification optical path component comprises a second objective lens 11 and an optional convex lens 13 which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the direction from the object side to the image side of the optical axis, and the rear focus of the second objective lens 11 and the front focus of the optional convex lens 13 coincide with each other along the direction from the object side to the image side of the optical axis; wherein the front focus is the first focus of the lens along the direction from the object side to the image side of the optical axis, and the rear focus is the second focus of the lens along the direction from the object side to the image side of the optical axis;

[0038] A first sample rotating seat 8 and a second sample rotating seat 9, both of which are equipped with samples 10, are arranged in sequence between the first objective lens 6 and the second objective lens 11. The first sample rotating seat 8 and the second sample rotating seat 9 are both 74mm diameter wave plate rotating mounts with scales and an accuracy of 1 degree. They are used to fix the planar sample 10 and can perform any angle operation on the sample 10 on the plane perpendicular to the optical axis. The rotation angle of the sample 10 is determined by the scale on the rotating seat, thereby realizing alignment, rotation and angle measurement between multi-layer samples and observation of diffraction phenomena of multi-layer rotating samples. The first sample rotating seat 8 and the second sample rotating seat 9 are both slidably mounted on the top surface of the one-dimensional optical slide rail 19 through a bracket assembly. The eyepiece lens 4, the first objective lens 6, and the second objective lens 11 are all convex lenses.

[0039] Only the first sample rotating seat 8 can be installed between the first objective lens 6 and the second objective lens 11 to observe the diffraction phenomenon of a certain sample alone; or, according to experimental requirements, the first sample rotating seat 8, the second sample rotating seat 9 and other rotating seats with samples 10 can be installed between the first objective lens 6 and the second objective lens 11 to observe the diffraction superposition of multiple samples 10. The adjustable distance between the first sample rotating seat 8 and the second sample rotating seat 9 does not affect the diffraction experimental results.

[0040] The eyepiece lens 4 is fixed by a V-shaped clamp 5 provided underneath the eyepiece lens 4, the first objective lens 6 and the second objective lens 11 are respectively mounted in the first three-claw clamp 7 and the second three-claw clamp 12, and the convex lens 13 can be optionally mounted in the first lens frame 14; the V-shaped clamp 5, the first three-claw clamp 7, the second three-claw clamp 12 and the first lens frame 14 are all slidably mounted on the top surface of the one-dimensional optical slide rail 19 through a bracket assembly.

[0041] The eyepiece lens 4 has an aperture of 1.25 inches and a focal length of 10 mm. The first objective lens 6 and the second objective lens 11 have apertures of 80 mm and focal lengths of 50 cm. The convex lens 13 can be selected to have a diameter of 25.4 mm and a focal length of 3 cm or 1 cm.

[0042] The helium-neon laser includes a laser power supply 1 and a laser tube 2; the laser power supply 1 is placed on the top surface of the optical platform 18, the laser tube 2 is fixed on the laser clamp 3, and the laser emission direction of the laser tube 2 is along the optical axis and toward the direction of the one-dimensionally arranged lens group. The laser clamp 3 is used for two-dimensional pitch angle adjustment to adjust the angle of the laser emission direction relative to the optical axis. The bottom of the laser clamp 3 is connected to the magnetic base 20 through the support rod 21, and the magnetic base 20 is adsorbed on the top surface of the optical platform 18. The magnetic base 20 can freely adjust the position of the laser tube 2 relative to the main optical axis, and the laser power supply 1 and the laser tube 2 are electrically connected.

[0043] like Figure 4 As shown, the receiving measurement assembly includes a receiving convex lens 15 and a camera 17 which are sequentially arranged along the optical axis from the object side to the image side. The main function of the receiving convex lens 15 is to adjust the size of the receiving field of view. The diameter of the receiving convex lens 15 is 30 mm, and the focal length is 6 cm. The camera 17 is specifically a CCD camera, and the pixel size of the camera 17 is 2.8 μm*2.8 μm, the total number of pixels is 2048*1536, and the imaging area is 5.7 mm*4.3 mm. The camera 17 is electrically connected to the computer 25.

[0044] If the experimenter chooses to observe directly with the naked eye, the convex lens 13 can be selected, generally with a focal length of 1 cm, and the receiving convex lens 15 and the camera 17 are not installed. When observing, a white screen 26 can be placed at a suitable distance, such as Figure 5 As shown, according to observation needs, the convex lens 13 and the receiving convex lens 15 can be selected, and lenses with other focal lengths can also be freely selected.

[0045] The receiving convex lens 15 is installed in the second lens frame 16. The second lens frame 16 and the camera 17 are slidably installed on the top surface of the one-dimensional optical slide rail 19 through a bracket assembly. The total length of the one-dimensional optical slide rail 19 is 180 cm.

[0046] The bracket assembly includes a support rod 21, a support seat 22 and a sliding seat 24; the sliding seat 24 can be slidably mounted on the top of the one-dimensional optical slide rail 19, and the sliding seat 24 can move freely and fix its position on the one-dimensional optical slide rail 19, thereby realizing the adjustment of the relative position of any optical element on the optical axis, the support seat 22 is fixed to the top surface of the sliding seat 24 in the vertical direction, the support rod 21 is displaceably inserted into the support seat 22 in the vertical direction, and the V-shaped clamp 5, the first three-jaw clamp 7, the second three-jaw clamp 12, the first lens frame 14 and the second lens frame 16 are connected to the support seat 22 via the support rod 21.

[0047] The light beam emitted by the helium-neon laser is incident on the eyepiece lens 4 and the first objective lens 6 in sequence and then expanded. The expanded light beam is diffracted when passing through the sample 10. The diffracted light beam is then converged by the second objective lens 11 and emitted through the optional convex lens 13. At this time, the diffraction angle of the diffracted light beam is magnified. The emitted diffracted light beam is finally emitted through the receiving convex lens 15 and collected by the camera 17. The camera 17 is connected to the computer 25 via a USB cable. Figure 4 As shown, at this time, the computer 25 receives a relatively complete diffraction pattern.

[0048] The optical working principle of the utility model is as follows:

[0049] The light intensity distribution I diffracted by a one-dimensional single slit grating is:

[0050]

[0051] Where u is the object distance, v is the image distance, I0 is the intensity of the incident light, N is the number of periods involved in the grating diffraction, v = (πd sinθ) / λ, λ is the wavelength of the light wave, d is the grating constant, and θ is the diffraction angle. 2 Nv / v 2 ) This part of the expression is the inter-slit interference factor, which reflects the modulation of the diffraction result by the periodicity in the grating.

[0052] According to the expression, the half-angle width of the spectrum line of each diffraction main maximum is calculated to be Δθ=λ / (Nd cosθ). It shows that the more the number of periods N involved in the grating diffraction, the narrower the half-angle width of the spectrum line and the clearer the diffraction spot. Therefore, when the sample 10 involved in the diffraction has a sufficient number of periodic structures illuminated by the incident light, the designed diffraction device can obtain an ideal diffraction pattern. The laser spot diameter of the helium-neon laser is about 1mm, and the period of the macroscopic structure is also above the millimeter scale. Therefore, if the diffracted object is a macroscopic object, the laser spot also needs to be expanded accordingly.

[0053] The utility model adopts a double lens combination to realize laser beam expansion. The beam expansion optical path is as follows Figure 6 As shown. The eyepiece lens 4 and the first objective lens 6 can be regarded as two convex lenses with different focal lengths. The focus F1 of the former coincides with the focus F2 of the latter. The parallel light beam emitted from the light source converges at the focus F1 after passing through the eyepiece lens 4, and then becomes a parallel light beam again after passing through the first objective lens 6. The beam radii of the incident light and the outgoing light are r1 and r2 respectively, and the beam expansion ratio can be expressed as

[0054] r2 / r1=f2 / f1

[0055] Among them, f1 is the focal length of the eyepiece lens 4, and f2 is the focal length of the first objective lens 6.

[0056] The incident light is diffracted after passing through the sample 10, and the position of the diffraction main maximum is as follows:

[0057] d sinθ=jλ(j=0,±1,±2,…)

[0058] Where j is the order of the generated grating spectrum. For macroscopic objects, the grating constant d is at least 1 mm, while the wavelength of the helium-neon laser is 632.8 nm. It is estimated that the diffraction angle corresponding to the main maximum is very small, and its angle magnitude is only a few centimeters, which is far less than the limit that can be distinguished by the naked eye; therefore, the diffraction phenomenon of macroscopic objects cannot be directly observed.

[0059] The utility model designs an angle-magnifying optical path, which can further amplify the diffraction angle. The amplified diffraction angle is sufficient to make the diffraction spots at different maximum positions clearly separated, thereby realizing the diffraction observation of macroscopic objects. Figure 7 As shown, the focal length f3 of the second objective lens 11 is 50 cm, and the focal length f4 of the convex lens 13 can be selected to be 3 cm or 1 cm. The expanded laser beam is diffracted after passing through the sample 10. The diffracted light beam corresponding to a certain diffraction angle θ converges on its focal plane after passing through the objective lens, and then emerges after passing through the convex lens. The angle between the emergent light beam and the optical axis is is the magnified diffraction angle. The corresponding angular magnification β is or 50. The magnified diffraction angle is sufficient to make the diffraction spots at different maximum positions clearly separated, and the diffraction pattern can be distinguished by the naked eye. According to the needs of subsequent observation and measurement, the experimenter can choose different angular magnifications.

[0060] in, In order to magnify the diffraction angle, a white screen 26 is set at an appropriate distance, and the diffraction pattern of the millimeter-scale sample can be observed on the white screen 26. Considering that some experiments also need to quantitatively measure the diffraction results, such as Figure 7 As shown, the camera 17 is placed at the focal position of the rear side of the receiving convex lens 15. The diffracted light beam emitted by the optional convex lens 13 is then converged to its focal plane by the receiving convex lens 15. The corresponding imaging angle remains unchanged and is still the magnified diffraction angle. The imaging height is changed, and the reduction ratio is h2 / h1=f5 / f4, where f5 is the focal length of the receiving convex lens 15, the focal length f5 is 6 cm, and h1 and h2 are respectively the imaging height on the focal plane of the second objective lens 11 and the imaging height received by the final camera 17. Therefore, the receiving measurement component does not change the angular magnification of the diffraction angle, but only controls the main diffraction pattern range within the imaging area of ​​the camera to complete the subsequent experimental measurement.

[0061] The specific implementation process of the utility model device is as follows:

[0062] Light path adjustment process: Figure 1 As shown, the eyepiece lens 4, the first objective lens 6, the second objective lens 11, and the optional convex lens 13 are sequentially placed on the one-dimensional optical slide rail 19, and the optical planes of the above optical elements are adjusted to be perpendicular to the one-dimensional optical slide rail 19. Select a suitable height and first adjust the four optical elements to approximately the same height.

[0063] According to the scale on the one-dimensional optical slide rail 19, the relative distance between the eyepiece lens 4 and the first objective lens 6 is set to 51 cm, and the focal points of the two lenses are roughly overlapped. The relative distance between the second objective lens 11 and the first objective lens 6 is set to 30 cm to 50 cm as the reserved sample area space. According to the focal length of the specifically selected optional convex lens 13, the relative distance between the optional convex lens 13 and the second objective lens 11 is set to 53 cm or 51 cm, so that the focal points of the two lenses are roughly overlapped.

[0064] Place the He-Ne laser at the front end of the one-dimensional optical slide rail 19, turn on the laser power supply 1, and adjust the position of the magnetic base 20 and the height and angle of the laser tube 2 to make the emitted laser parallel to the main optical axis and vertically incident on the center of the lens. At the same time, fine-tune the height and angle of the eyepiece lens 4, the first objective lens 6, the second objective lens 11, and the optional convex lens 13 to accurately adjust all optical components to the same height and coaxiality.

[0065] The position of the first objective lens 6 on the one-dimensional optical slide 19 is finely adjusted so that the beam expansion laser emitted from the first objective lens 6 is parallel light. The position of the selectable convex lens 13 on the one-dimensional optical slide 19 is finely adjusted so that the final exit light spot after the selectable convex lens 13 is the smallest and clearest. At this time, the focal points of the two lens groups are adjusted to overlap.

[0066] Diffraction observation process: The required sample 10 is mounted on the first sample rotating seat 8 and the second sample rotating seat 9, placed in the sample area, and the plane of the sample 10 is adjusted to be perpendicular to the main optical axis, and the laser power supply 1 is turned on.

[0067] The helium-neon laser generates a laser with a wavelength of 632.8 nm, which is expanded into a parallel beam with a diameter of about 3 cm after passing through the eyepiece lens 4 and the first objective lens 6. The parallel beam is diffracted on the macroscopic structure sample in the sample area, and then amplified into a clearly resolvable diffraction angle after passing through the second objective lens 11 and the optional convex lens 13.

[0068] like Figure 5 As shown, a white screen 26 is placed 1 to 2 meters behind the one-dimensional optical slide rail 19, so that the diffraction spots can be directly observed with the naked eye. Figure 4As shown, a receiving convex lens 15 and a camera 17 are sequentially installed at the end of a one-dimensional optical slide rail 19, and the camera 17 is connected to a computer 25 via a USB cable, so that the diffraction spot can be observed through the computer 25.

[0069] Adjust the angle of the camera 17 so that the lens of the camera 17 is perpendicular to the main optical axis. Move the camera 17 through the sliding seat 24 to find the position with the clearest imaging and fix it, which is the focal plane of the receiving convex lens 15. Adjust the height of the camera 17 so that the center of the diffraction pattern is roughly located at the center of the camera imaging area. The diffraction pattern can be photographed, saved, and further measured and analyzed.

[0070] Sample rotation process: Rotate the dials on the first sample rotating seat 8 and the second sample rotating seat 9 to drive the sample 10 to rotate accordingly. Tighten the fixing screws on the top of the rotating seat to lock the rotation angle of the sample 10. The accurate rotation angle can be read from the dial reading, thereby realizing the alignment, rotation and angle measurement between multi-layer samples, and the observation of diffraction phenomena of multi-layer rotating samples.

[0071] Through the description of the above implementation process, the utility model can realize the diffraction phenomenon of macroscopic objects at the millimeter scale, the diffraction spots are clearly visible, and the sample area can complete the alignment, rotation and angle measurement of the multi-layer structure, demonstrating the innovation and advancement of the utility model, as well as its operability in application.

Claims

1. An angular magnification optical diffraction experimental device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a one-dimensional optical slide rail (19), and a helium-neon laser, a one-dimensionally arranged lens group, and a receiving and measuring component which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the direction from the object side to the image side of the optical axis, wherein a sample (10) for diffraction experiment is arranged along the optical axis between the lenses in the one-dimensionally arranged lens group; the one-dimensionally arranged lens group, the receiving and measuring component, and the sample (10) are slidably mounted on the one-dimensional optical slide rail (19), and the helium-neon laser and the one-dimensional optical slide rail (19) are arranged on the top surface of an optical platform (18).

2. The angular magnification optical diffraction experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-dimensionally arranged lens group comprises a beam expanding optical path component for laser beam expansion, which is sequentially arranged at intervals along the direction from the object side to the image side of the optical axis, and an angle magnifying optical path component for magnifying the diffraction angle of the diffracted light when diffraction occurs; the beam expanding optical path component comprises an eyepiece lens (4) and a first objective lens (6), which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the direction from the object side to the image side of the optical axis, and the rear focus of the eyepiece lens (4) and the front focus of the first objective lens (6) are coincident along the direction from the object side to the image side of the optical axis; The angular magnification optical path component comprises a second objective lens (11) and an optional convex lens (13) which are arranged in sequence from the object side to the image side of the optical axis, and the rear focus of the second objective lens (11) and the front focus of the optional convex lens (13) coincide with each other in the direction from the object side to the image side of the optical axis; a first sample rotating seat (8) and a second sample rotating seat (9) each equipped with the sample (10) are arranged in sequence between the first objective lens (6) and the second objective lens (11); the first sample rotating seat (8) and the second sample rotating seat (9) are both slidably mounted on the top surface of the one-dimensional optical slide rail (19) through a bracket assembly; the eyepiece lens (4), the first objective lens (6) and the second objective lens (11) are all convex lenses.

3. The angular magnification optical diffraction experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The receiving measurement assembly comprises a receiving convex lens (15) and a camera (17) which are arranged in sequence along the optical axis from the object side to the image side, and the camera (17) is electrically connected to a computer (25); the receiving convex lens (15) is installed in a second lens frame (16), and the second lens frame (16) and the camera (17) are both slidably mounted on the top surface of the one-dimensional optical slide rail (19) through a bracket assembly.

4. The angular magnification optical diffraction experimental device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The light beam emitted by the helium-neon laser is incident on the eyepiece lens (4) and the first objective lens (6) in sequence and then expanded. The expanded light beam is diffracted when passing through the sample (10). The diffracted light beam is then converged by the second objective lens (11) and then emitted through an optional convex lens (13). At this time, the diffraction angle of the diffracted light beam is magnified. The emitted diffracted light beam is finally emitted through a receiving convex lens (15) and then collected by a camera (17).

5. The angle magnification optical diffraction experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The helium-neon laser comprises a laser power supply (1) and a laser tube (2); The laser power supply (1) is placed on the top surface of the optical platform (18), the laser tube (2) is fixed on the laser holder (3) and the laser emission direction is along the optical axis and in the direction of the one-dimensionally arranged lens group, the bottom of the laser holder (3) is connected to the magnetic base (20) via a support rod (21), the magnetic base (20) is adsorbed on the top surface of the optical platform (18), and the laser power supply (1) and the laser tube (2) are electrically connected.

6. The angle magnification optical diffraction experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The focal length of the eyepiece lens (4) is 10 mm, the focal lengths of the first objective lens (6) and the second objective lens (11) are both 50 cm, and the focal length of the convex lens (13) can be selected to be 3 cm or 1 cm.

7. The angle magnification optical diffraction experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The eyepiece lens (4) is fixed by a V-shaped clamp (5) provided below, the first objective lens (6) and the second objective lens (11) are respectively mounted in a first three-claw clamp (7) and a second three-claw clamp (12), and the selectable convex lens (13) is mounted in a first lens frame (14); the V-shaped clamp (5), the first three-claw clamp (7), the second three-claw clamp (12) and the first lens frame (14) are all slidably mounted on the top surface of the one-dimensional optical slide rail (19) via a bracket assembly.

8. The angle magnification optical diffraction experimental device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The support assembly comprises a support rod (21), a support seat (22) and a sliding seat (24); The sliding seat (24) is slidably mounted on the top of the one-dimensional optical slide rail (19); the support (22) is fixed to the top surface of the sliding seat (24) in the vertical direction; the support rod (21) is displaceably inserted into the support (22) in the vertical direction; and the V-shaped clamp (5), the first three-claw clamp (7), the second three-claw clamp (12), the first lens frame (14) and the second lens frame (16) are connected to the support (22) via the support rod (21).

9. The angle magnification optical diffraction experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: One or more samples (10) may be arranged between the first objective lens (6) and the second objective lens (11) according to experimental requirements.

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