Photovoltaic device with fire monitoring and automatic turn-off functions

Abstract

The utility model relates to a photovoltaic device with fire monitoring and automatic turn-off functions, which belongs to the field of photovoltaic devices and comprises a host case, a host mechanism and a slave mechanism are arranged on the inner wall of the host case, and the host mechanism comprises a host circuit board. According to the photovoltaic device with the fire monitoring and automatic turn-off functions, the fault judgment function is integrated in the optimizer, the fault judgment is performed by using the voltage and current sampling function of the optimizer, the cost of the optimizer is indirectly reduced, the photovoltaic device has a quick turn-off function, components can be disconnected in time when a fire occurs, the fire fighting difficulty is reduced, and the fire fighting efficiency is improved. A Modbus protocol is used to realize real-time data reading of a host to a plurality of slaves through a wireless serial port, the system has a function of remotely controlling each component, the operability and remote management capability of the system are improved, a variable step size perturbation and observation method is used to realize maximum power point tracking, the performance of the system is optimized, and the overall efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is improved. And a variable step size perturbation and observation method and PID cooperative control are carried out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic devices, in particular to a photovoltaic device with fire monitoring and automatic shut-off functions. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic system (PV System) or photovoltaic battery power generation system, usually consists of photovoltaic arrays, energy storage equipment, inverters, energy controllers, etc. Photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system usually consists of photovoltaic arrays, power conversion devices and power grids. According to the different connection methods of photovoltaic components, the commonly used structures are centralized structure, string structure, multiple series structure, micro-inverter structure, optimizer parallel structure and optimizer series structure.

[0003] Energy is an important material basis for human production and life. Since the Industrial Revolution, human society has developed rapidly and the demand for energy has also increased day by day. In today's world, the main source of energy is still fossil energy such as coal, oil, and natural gas, but the reserves of fossil energy are limited, and it will produce pollution and greenhouse gases during use. In the current context of global energy transformation, photovoltaic power generation, as a clean and renewable energy form, has received widespread attention and application.

[0004] However, with the continuous expansion of the scale of photovoltaic systems, the safety, stability and efficiency of the systems have become urgent issues to be addressed. In particular, in photovoltaic power generation systems, various unpredictable faults and emergencies may have a negative impact on the normal operation of the system. The existing shut-off and power optimizer solutions have the problems of single functions and imperfections. On the one hand, traditional photovoltaic optimizers lack a remote rapid shutdown mechanism in emergency situations, which makes it difficult to cut off the system power supply in time in emergency situations such as fires, thereby increasing the risk of the system. On the other hand, traditional photovoltaic optimizers have low power optimization efficiency and lack of troubleshooting mechanism. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to conduct detailed and comprehensive monitoring and optimization of photovoltaic systems. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the utility model provides a photovoltaic device with fire monitoring and automatic shutdown functions, which has the advantages of fire monitoring and automatic shutdown functions, and solves the problems of single function and imperfection of existing shutdown devices and power optimizer solutions in the prior art. On the one hand, traditional photovoltaic optimizers lack a remote rapid shutdown mechanism in emergency situations, which makes it difficult to cut off the system power supply in time in emergency situations such as fire, thereby increasing the risk of the system.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions: A photovoltaic device with fire monitoring and automatic shutdown functions, comprising a host chassis, wherein the inner wall of the host chassis is provided with a host mechanism and a slave mechanism;

[0007] The host mechanism includes a host circuit board, the host circuit board is fixed to the inner wall of the host chassis by bolts, and the front of the host circuit board is electrically connected to the host wireless serial port, the host power circuit module, the NB-Iot module, the host main control unit and the communication circuit module in sequence;

[0008] The slave mechanism includes a slave circuit board, which is fixed to the inner wall of the host chassis by bolts. The front of the slave circuit board is electrically connected to two CLC filter circuit modules, a cascade buck-boost circuit module, a slave power circuit module, a driver chip, a sampling circuit, a slave master control unit and a slave wireless serial port in sequence. The two CLC filter circuit modules are electrically connected to the left and right sides of the front of the slave circuit board respectively.

[0009] Furthermore, a control display screen is fixed on the front of the host chassis, and a photovoltaic system plug is fixed on the back of the host chassis.

[0010] Furthermore, a connection terminal is electrically connected to the front of the host circuit board, and a screen connection line electrically connected to the control display screen is fixed to the connection terminal.

[0011] Furthermore, an input terminal and an output terminal are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the front side of the slave circuit board.

[0012] Furthermore, a bypass diode is electrically connected to the left side of the back side of the slave circuit board.

[0013] Furthermore, two wireless antennas are rotatably connected to the back of the host chassis.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. This photovoltaic device with fire monitoring and automatic shutdown functions innovatively integrates the fault judgment function into the optimizer, and uses the voltage and current sampling function of the optimizer to make fault judgments, which indirectly reduces the cost of the optimizer. It has a fast shutdown function, which can disconnect components in time when a fire occurs, reducing the difficulty of fire fighting. The Modbus protocol is used to realize the real-time data reading of multiple slaves by the host through the wireless serial port. It has the function of remotely controlling each component, which improves the operability and remote management capability of the system. The variable step-size perturbation observation method is used to achieve maximum power point tracking, optimize system performance, and improve the overall efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. The variable step-size perturbation observation method is coordinated with PID for control.

[0016] 2. The photovoltaic device with fire monitoring and automatic shutdown functions is mainly used in the optimizer series structure of photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system. The optimizer series structure mainly consists of an optimizer and a centralized inverter. The traditional optimizer is an independent DC-DC converter, which mainly realizes the maximum power tracking function of a single photovoltaic module. On this basis, this design innovatively adds real-time fault judgment and fast shutdown functions. Compared with other photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system structures, the output end series structure can make the input voltage of the optimizer close to the output voltage, thereby improving the efficiency of the optimizer while reducing costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main machine mechanism of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a front view of the slave mechanism of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the back side of the slave mechanism of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 5 This is the overall block diagram of the utility model system.

[0022] In the figure: 1 host chassis, 2 host mechanism, 21 host circuit board, 22 host wireless serial port, 23 host power circuit module, 24 NB-I ot module, 25 host main control unit, 26 communication circuit module, 27 connection terminal, 3 slave mechanism, 31 slave circuit board, 32 cascade buck-boost circuit module, 33 slave power circuit module, 34 driver chip, 35 sampling circuit, 36 slave main control unit, 37 slave wireless serial port, 38 bypass diode, 39 CLC filter circuit module, 4 control display screen, 5 photovoltaic system plug. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0024] See also Figure 1-5 In this embodiment, a photovoltaic device with fire monitoring and automatic shutdown functions includes a host chassis 1, and the inner wall of the host chassis 1 is provided with a host mechanism 2 and a slave mechanism 3.

[0025] In this embodiment, a control display screen 4 is fixed on the front of the host chassis 1. A control display screen 4 is fixed on the front of the host chassis 1. Through the connection terminal 27 and the screen connection line, the user can monitor the status of the device in real time and receive alarm information. A photovoltaic system plug 5 is fixed on the back of the host chassis 1.

[0026] See also Figure 2 In order to monitor the fire and automatically shut down the photovoltaic device, the host mechanism 2 in this embodiment includes a host circuit board 21, which is fixed to the inner wall of the host chassis 1 by bolts. The front of the host circuit board 21 is electrically connected to the host wireless serial port 22 in sequence. The host mechanism 2 and the slave mechanism 3 are both equipped with wireless serial ports for communicating with the outside, so that remote monitoring and control can be achieved, which is convenient for users to understand the status of the photovoltaic system at any time. The host power circuit module 23, the NB-I ot module 24, the host main control unit 25 and the communication circuit module 26, the host main control unit 25 processes according to the received signal, and if it is confirmed that there is a fire risk, it will start the automatic shutdown program.

[0027] In this embodiment, the front of the host circuit board 21 is electrically connected to a connection terminal 27, and the connection terminal 27 is fixed with a screen connection line electrically connected to the control display screen 4. The auxiliary power supply is formed by stepping down the voltage of the photovoltaic component to power the entire system; in terms of data acquisition, current sampling is achieved through the internal transconductance amplifier of SM72295, and voltage sampling is achieved by dividing the input voltage.

[0028] See also Figure 3-4 In order to monitor fire and automatically shut down the photovoltaic device, the slave mechanism 3 in this embodiment includes a slave circuit board 31, which is fixed to the inner wall of the host chassis 1 by bolts. The front of the slave circuit board 31 is electrically connected to two CLC filter circuit modules 39, a cascade buck-boost circuit module 32, a slave power circuit module 33, a driver chip 34, a sampling circuit 35, and a built-in fire monitoring system of the device. The sampling circuit 35 of the slave mechanism 3 detects the voltage, current and other parameters in the photovoltaic system. Once an abnormality is detected, the slave main control unit 36 ​​and the slave wireless serial port 37 are When the slave main control unit 36 ​​detects an abnormality, such as overload, short circuit or temperature abnormality, it will send a signal to the host main control unit 25. The two CLC filter circuit modules 39 are electrically connected to the left and right sides of the front of the slave circuit board 31. The slave, as the core of the system, uses STM32 as the main control and integrates a photovoltaic optimizer circuit with SM72295 as the core. In the circuit design, the CLC filter circuit module 39 is used to filter the voltage of the photovoltaic module, and the voltage adjustment is achieved through the cascaded BUCK-BOOST32 circuit to achieve power optimization function.

[0029] In this embodiment, the left and right sides of the front side of the slave circuit board 31 are respectively provided with an input end and an output end, a bypass diode 38 is electrically connected to the left side of the back side of the slave circuit board 31, a photovoltaic system plug 5 is fixed to the back of the host chassis 1 for connecting to the photovoltaic system to realize data collection and power supply, the bypass diode 38 on the back of the slave circuit board 31 is used to prevent backflow and protect the circuit, and the two wireless antennas on the back of the host chassis 1 are used for wireless communication, and the back of the host chassis 1 is rotatably connected to two wireless antennas, and the PID algorithm is used to adjust the output voltage to achieve system power optimization, and the STM32 determines the working status of the photovoltaic component by monitoring the voltage and current values, and sends the data to the host in real time through the wireless serial port.

[0030] The working principle of the above embodiment is:

[0031] (1) When the photovoltaic device is used for fire monitoring and automatic shutdown, it includes two key parts: the host and the slave. The slave is the core of the system, using STM32 as the main control, and integrating the photovoltaic optimizer circuit with SM72295 as the core. In the circuit design, the voltage of the photovoltaic module is filtered by the CLC filter circuit module 39, and the voltage adjustment is realized by the cascaded BUCK-BOOST32 circuit to realize the power optimization function. The auxiliary power supply is formed by stepping down the voltage of the photovoltaic module to power the entire system; in terms of data acquisition, current sampling is realized by the internal transconductance amplifier of SM72295, and voltage sampling is achieved by dividing the input voltage; STM32 uses the collected voltage value as the input of the variable step size perturbation observation method to find the maximum power point of the solar panel. At the same time, the PID algorithm is used to adjust the output voltage to achieve the power optimization of the system. STM32 judges the working status of the photovoltaic module by monitoring the voltage and current values, and sends the data to the host in real time through the wireless serial port.

[0032] (2) The device has a built-in fire monitoring system. The sampling circuit 35 of the slave mechanism 3 detects the voltage, current and other parameters in the photovoltaic system. Once an abnormality is detected, such as overload, short circuit or temperature abnormality, the slave main control unit 36 ​​will send a signal. When the slave main control unit 36 ​​detects an abnormality, it will send a signal to the host main control unit 25. The host main control unit 25 processes the received signal. If it is confirmed that there is a fire risk, it will start the automatic shutdown program. A control display screen 4 is fixed on the front of the host chassis 1. Through the connection terminal 27 and the screen connection line, the user can monitor the status of the device in real time and receive alarm information. The host mechanism 2 and the slave mechanism 3 are both equipped with wireless serial ports for external communication, which can realize remote monitoring and control, and facilitate users to understand the status of the photovoltaic system at any time. A photovoltaic system plug 5 is fixed on the back of the host chassis 1 for connecting to the photovoltaic system to realize data collection and power supply. The bypass diode 38 on the back of the slave circuit board 31 is used to prevent backflow and protect the circuit, and the two wireless antennas on the back of the host chassis 1 are used for wireless communication.

[0033] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0034] The standard parts used in this application document can all be purchased from the market and can be customized according to the instructions and drawings. The specific connection methods of each part adopt conventional means such as mature bolts, rivets, welding, etc. in the prior art. The machinery, parts and equipment all adopt conventional models in the prior art. The control method is automatic control through a controller. The control circuit of the controller can be implemented through simple programming by technicians in this field, which is common knowledge in this field. Therefore, this application document will no longer explain the control method and circuit connection in detail.

[0035] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic device with fire monitoring and automatic shutdown functions, comprising a host chassis (1), characterized in that: The inner wall of the host chassis (1) is provided with a host mechanism (2) and a slave mechanism (3); The host mechanism (2) comprises a host circuit board (21), the host circuit board (21) is fixed to the inner wall of the host chassis (1) by bolts, and the front side of the host circuit board (21) is electrically connected in sequence to a host wireless serial port (22), a host power circuit module (23), an NB-IoT module (24), a host main control unit (25) and a communication circuit module (26); The slave mechanism (3) comprises a slave circuit board (31), the slave circuit board (31) being fixed to the inner wall of the host chassis (1) by means of bolts, the front side of the slave circuit board (31) being electrically connected in sequence to two CLC filter circuit modules (39), a cascaded buck-boost circuit module (32), a slave power supply circuit module (33), a drive chip (34), a sampling circuit (35), a slave main control unit (36) and a slave wireless serial port (37), the two CLC filter circuit modules (39) being electrically connected to the left and right sides of the front side of the slave circuit board (31) respectively.

2. A photovoltaic device with fire monitoring and automatic shutdown functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: A control display screen (4) is fixed on the front of the host chassis (1), and a photovoltaic system plug (5) is fixed on the back of the host chassis (1).

3. A photovoltaic device with fire monitoring and automatic shutdown functions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front side of the host circuit board (21) is electrically connected to a connection terminal (27), and the connection terminal (27) is fixed with a screen connection line electrically connected to the control display screen (4).

4. A photovoltaic device with fire monitoring and automatic shutdown functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: An input terminal and an output terminal are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the front side of the slave circuit board (31).

5. The photovoltaic device with fire monitoring and automatic shutdown functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bypass diode (38) is electrically connected to the left side of the back side of the slave circuit board (31).

6. A photovoltaic device with fire monitoring and automatic shutdown functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The back of the host chassis (1) is rotatably connected to two wireless antennas.

Images