Planting structure for ecological restoration of salt wasteland by combining depth and depth

Abstract

The utility model discloses a planting structure for ecological restoration of a salt wasteland by combining depth and depth, which sequentially comprises salt wasteland soil, a clay layer and an underground water level from top to bottom, a plurality of water delivery soil canals are sequentially excavated at intervals along the horizontal direction of the salt wasteland soil, the depth of the water delivery soil canals is above the clay layer, the longitudinal section of each water delivery soil canal is in an inverted trapezoidal shape, and the underground water level is in an inverted trapezoidal shape. A shallow hole is vertically and downwards excavated along the bottom wall of each water conveying soil canal, the depth of the shallow hole is larger than that of a clay layer, a plurality of deep holes are vertically and downwards excavated along side slopes on the two sides of each water conveying soil canal, and each deep hole penetrates through the clay layer to reach the underground water level. According to the planting structure for ecological restoration of the salt wasteland with the combination of the depth and the depth, the problems that the salt wasteland in an arid region is high in soil saline-alkali degree and large in ecological restoration difficulty are solved, particularly, water is effectively saved in a region with limited water resource quantity, and the desalting effect, the vegetation coverage and the vegetation growth speed of the salt wasteland are improved; the difficulty and the cost of ecological restoration of the salt wasteland are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of wasteland ecological restoration, and in particular relates to a deep and shallow combined planting structure for salt wasteland ecological restoration. Background Art

[0002] Salt wasteland is one of the products of long-term development of soil salinization. Under long-term strong evaporation conditions, the soil salt in salt wasteland in arid areas is concentrated, causing sodium ions and other harmful salt ions to accumulate in large quantities in the soil, resulting in high soil salinity, highly dispersed soil particles, poor water permeability and air permeability, and the formation of clay layers or impermeable layers in some soil profiles. Under the alternating influence of irrigation (or precipitation) and evaporation, sodium ions and other harmful salt ions accelerate the disintegration of soil aggregate structure, resulting in poor soil structure, sticky when wet and hard when dry, and severe blockage of capillary pores, resulting in extremely poor soil infiltration capacity and difficulty in salt leaching, resulting in low survival rate of vegetation in salt wasteland, slow growth, and difficult ecological restoration.

[0003] In order to promote the ecological restoration of salt wasteland and improve the survival rate and coverage of vegetation, all countries have carried out in-depth research, which has certain reference significance for the ecological restoration of salt wasteland. Some areas have improved salt wasteland by returning crop straw to the field, planting green manure, and turning green manure, but this method takes a long time to repair, the improvement effect is unstable, and it is easy to repeat. Other areas have improved salt wasteland by flooding, flushing and pressing salt, which has a significant effect on reducing salinity in the short term, but this method consumes a lot of water and is greatly limited by the supply of water resources. Improper operation can easily cause soil salt return. In some areas, industrial wastes such as desulfurized gypsum, phosphogypsum, and fly ash are used as modifiers. Although the soil salinity content of salt wasteland is reduced, these substances contain heavy metal elements such as chromium, lead, and arsenic, which are easy to cause soil and groundwater pollution and environmental pollution, which does not meet the requirements of sustainable development.

[0004] In recent years, with the increasing popularization of the concepts of ecological protection and sustainable development, in areas with limited water resources (such as the arid northwest region with a shortage of freshwater resources), it has become a difficult problem to be solved urgently in the ecological restoration of salt wastelands to adopt simple and environmentally friendly methods in accordance with local conditions to effectively promote the rapid desalination of salt wastelands and increase the survival rate and coverage of vegetation. Utility Model Content

[0005] The utility model aims to provide a deep and shallow combined planting structure for ecological restoration of salt wasteland, which solves the problem in the prior art that the soil salinity of salt wasteland in arid areas is high, resulting in low vegetation survival rate and great difficulty in ecological restoration.

[0006] The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is that a planting structure combining deep and shallow is used for ecological restoration of salt wasteland, which includes salt wasteland soil, clay layer and groundwater level in sequence from top to bottom, a plurality of water conveyance soil channels are excavated in sequence along the horizontal direction of the salt wasteland soil, the depths of the plurality of water conveyance soil channels are above the clay layer, the longitudinal section of the water conveyance soil channels is an inverted trapezoid, shallow holes are excavated vertically downward along the bottom wall of each water conveyance soil channel, the depth of the shallow holes is above the clay layer, a plurality of deep holes are excavated vertically downward along the side slopes on both sides of each water conveyance soil channel, and the depth of each deep hole passes through the clay layer to reach the groundwater level.

[0007] The utility model is also characterized in that:

[0008] The bottom width of the water conveyance earthen canal shall not be less than 50cm, the height of the water conveyance earthen canal shall not be less than 35cm, the length of the water conveyance earthen canal shall be 30m-50m, and the spacing between the center lines of two adjacent water conveyance earthen canals shall be 4-6 times the bottom width of each water conveyance earthen canal.

[0009] The diameter of the deep hole is 10cm-20cm. When filling the deep hole, the soil excavated from the deep hole is mixed with the coarse sand, decomposed straw and decomposed dry cow dung collected in advance. The bulk density of the filled soil is the same as the bulk density of the soil before the deep hole excavation.

[0010] The depth of the shallow hole is 0.8m-1m, and the diameter of the shallow hole is 50cm-60cm. When filling the shallow hole, the soil excavated from the shallow hole is mixed with the fine gravel, coarse sand, decomposed straw and decomposed dry cow dung collected in advance. The bulk density of the filled soil is the same as the bulk density of the soil before deep hole excavation.

[0011] The distance between the center lines of two adjacent deep holes is 1 to 5 times the diameter of the shallow hole, and the distance between the center lines of two adjacent shallow holes is 2 to 5 times the diameter of the shallow hole. 2 to 5 deep holes are arranged outside each shallow hole.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0013] The deep and shallow combination planting structure of the utility model used for ecological restoration of salt wasteland solves the production problems of high salinity of salt wasteland soil, clay layer or impermeable layer in soil profile, capillary pore blockage, extremely poor soil infiltration capacity and difficulty in salt leaching, low vegetation survival rate and great difficulty in ecological restoration of salt wasteland, especially in areas with limited water resources, effectively improves the desalination effect and vegetation coverage and growth rate of salt wasteland, and reduces the difficulty and cost of ecological restoration of salt wasteland. It has the characteristics of simple operation, local materials, maintenance-free and environmentally friendly. Compared with the traditional flood irrigation method, it effectively saves water resources in areas with limited water resources, improves the desalination rate of salt wasteland and the coverage and growth rate of vegetation, and reduces the difficulty and cost of ecological restoration of salt wasteland. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the utility model of the planting structure combining deep and shallow for ecological restoration of salt wasteland;

[0015] Figure 2 The utility model is a schematic diagram of a top view of a planting structure combining deep and shallow planting for ecological restoration of salt wasteland.

[0016] In the figure, 1. Salt wasteland soil, 2. deep hole, 3. shallow hole, 4. clay layer, 5. groundwater level, 6. water supply earth channel, 7. water supply main channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The utility model is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation modes.

[0018] The utility model provides a planting structure that combines deep and shallow soils for ecological restoration of salt wastelands. It aims to solve practical problems such as high salinity in salt wastelands, the presence of clay layers or impermeable layers in soil profiles, and clogged capillary pores, which lead to difficulty in leaching soil salt, low vegetation emergence rate, and great difficulty in ecological restoration. It proposes a planting structure that effectively saves water resources, accelerates desalination of salt wastelands, and promotes ecological restoration of salt wastelands, thereby reducing the difficulty and cost of ecological restoration of salt wastelands.

[0019] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, from top to bottom, it includes salt wasteland soil 1, clay layer 4, and groundwater level 5. Several water conveyance soil channels 6 are dug in sequence along the horizontal direction of the salt wasteland soil. One ends of the several water conveyance soil channels 6 are connected to a water conveyance main channel 7. Compared with the traditional method of flooding and pressing salt, the method of constructing water conveyance soil channels 6 can effectively concentrate limited water resources to improve salt leaching efficiency, thereby saving water resources.

[0020] A number of water conveyance earth channels 6 are excavated manually or mechanically on the salt wasteland soil 1 in a direction perpendicular to the slope direction. The longitudinal section of the water conveyance earth channel 6 is an inverted trapezoidal structure. The depth of the water conveyance earth channel 6 is above the clay layer 4. The bottom width of the water conveyance earth channel 6 is not less than 50 cm. The height of the water conveyance earth channel 6 is not less than 35 cm. The length of the water conveyance earth channel 6 is 30m-50m, and the spacing between the center lines of two adjacent water conveyance earth channels 6 is 4 times to 6 times the bottom width of the water conveyance earth channel 6.

[0021] Along the bottom wall of each water conveyance earth channel 6, a shallow hole 3 is excavated vertically downward manually or mechanically, the depth of the shallow hole 3 is above the clay layer 4, the depth of the shallow hole 3 is 0.8m-1m, the diameter of the shallow hole 3 is 50cm-60cm, and the filling of the shallow hole 3 is a mixture of the soil excavated from the shallow hole 3 and the fine gravel, coarse sand, decomposed straw and decomposed dry cow dung collected in advance, and the mixing ratio is 1:3:1:2:3. The bulk density of the filled soil is the same as the bulk density of the soil before the shallow hole 3 is excavated.

[0022] A number of deep holes 2 are excavated vertically downward along the side slopes of each water conveyance earth channel 6. The depth of each deep hole 2 passes through the clay layer 4 to reach the groundwater level 5. The diameter of the deep hole 2 is 10cm-20cm. The filling material of the deep hole 2 is a mixture of excavated soil and previously collected coarse sand, decomposed straw and decomposed dry cow dung. The mixing ratio is 1:3:2:4. The bulk density of the filled soil is the same as the bulk density of the soil before the deep hole 2 is excavated.

[0023] The spacing between the center lines of two adjacent deep holes 2 is 1 to 5 times the diameter of the shallow hole 3, and the spacing between the center lines of two adjacent shallow holes 3 is 2 to 5 times the diameter of the shallow hole 3. Adjacent deep holes 2 and shallow holes 3 are tangent to each other, and each shallow hole 3 is arranged with 2 to 5 deep holes 2 tangent to the shallow hole 3. This approach not only effectively breaks the clay layer, but also helps to leach the salt in the upper part of the clay layer into the deep soil and groundwater under irrigation or rainfall conditions, providing a low-salt soil environment for vegetation restoration in salt wasteland.

[0024] In winter and spring, water is delivered to several water delivery channels 6 through the water delivery main channel 7 to ensure that the average height of the water surface in each water delivery channel 6 is 15cm-25cm. After the water in the water delivery channel 6 is completely infiltrated, the soil salt ions around and at the bottom of the water delivery channel 6 are eluted into the groundwater through the shallow holes 3 and the deep holes 2, and the salinity of the soil is significantly reduced. Plant seeds suitable for ecological restoration are sown at the bottom of the water delivery channel 6 in time; this practice creates a good low-salt living environment for crop seed germination and root growth, which is conducive to vegetation establishment and ecological restoration. This combination of deep and shallow planting structure used for ecological restoration of salt wastelands fundamentally solves the challenges of difficulty in desalination of salt wastelands, low vegetation emergence rate and difficulty in ecological restoration caused by high salinity of salt wastelands and clay layers or impermeable layers in soil profiles. It is not only easy to operate, adapt to local conditions, use local materials, is maintenance-free and environmentally friendly, but also effectively saves water resources, increases vegetation coverage and growth rate of salt wastelands, reduces the difficulty and cost of ecological restoration of salt wastelands, and improves the ecological restoration effect of vegetation in salt wastelands, especially in areas with limited water resources.

[0025] The specific implementation of the deep and shallow combination planting structure for salt wasteland ecological restoration of the utility model is as follows:

[0026] Step 1. On the salt wasteland soil 1, a plurality of water conveyance earth channels 6 are excavated at intervals in a direction perpendicular to the slope direction, and the plurality of water conveyance earth channels 6 are excavated in sequence at intervals along the horizontal direction of the salt wasteland soil 1, one end of the plurality of water conveyance earth channels 6 is commonly connected to a water conveyance trunk channel 7, the longitudinal section of the water conveyance earth channel 6 is an inverted trapezoid, the bottom width of the water conveyance earth channel 6 is not less than 50 cm, the height of the water conveyance earth channel 6 is not less than 35 cm, the length of the water conveyance earth channel 6 is 30 m-50 m, the spacing between the center lines of two adjacent water conveyance earth channels 6 is 4 to 6 times the bottom width of the water conveyance earth channel 6, and the plurality of water conveyance earth channels 6 are commonly connected to the water conveyance trunk channel 7.

[0027] Step 2: Deep holes 2 are dug manually or mechanically on the side slopes of the water conveyance earth channel 6. The depth of the deep hole 2 passes through the clay layer 4 to reach the groundwater level 5. The diameter of the deep hole 2 is 10 cm-20 cm. The excavated soil is mixed with coarse sand, decomposed straw and decomposed dry cow dung collected in advance and filled in the deep hole 2 in layers. The height of the layered filling is not higher than 20 cm, and the bulk density of the filled soil is the same as the bulk density of the soil before the deep hole 2 is excavated.

[0028] Step 3, a shallow hole 3 is dug manually or mechanically at the bottom of the water conveyance earth channel 6, the depth of the shallow hole 3 is 0.8m-1m, and the diameter of the shallow hole 3 is 50cm-60cm. The excavated soil is mixed with fine gravel, coarse sand, decomposed straw and decomposed dry cow dung collected in advance and filled in the shallow hole 3 in layers. The height of the layered filling is not higher than 10cm, and the bulk density of the filled soil is the same as the bulk density of the soil before the shallow hole 3 is excavated.

[0029] Step 4: The spacing between the center lines of two adjacent deep holes 2 is 1 to 5 times the diameter of the shallow hole, the center spacing between adjacent shallow holes 3 is 2 to 5 times the diameter of the deep hole 2, and 2 to 5 deep holes 2 tangent to the shallow hole 3 are arranged outside each shallow hole 3.

[0030] Step 5: In winter and spring, water is delivered to several water delivery channels 6 through the water delivery main channel 7 to ensure that the average height of the water surface in each water delivery channel 6 is 15cm-25cm.

[0031] Step 6: After the water in the water conveyance soil channel 6 is completely infiltrated, the soil salt ions around and at the bottom of the water conveyance soil channel 6 are eluted into the groundwater through shallow holes and deep holes, and the salinity of the soil is significantly reduced. Plant seeds suitable for ecological restoration are sown at the bottom of the water conveyance soil channel 6 in time.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] The planting structure combining deep and shallow for ecological restoration of salt wasteland includes, from top to bottom, salt wasteland soil 1, clay layer 4 and groundwater level 5. A number of water conveyance soil channels 6 are excavated in sequence along the horizontal direction of the salt wasteland soil 1. The depths of the water conveyance soil channels 6 are above the clay layer 4. The longitudinal section of the water conveyance soil channels 6 is an inverted trapezoid. A shallow hole 3 is excavated vertically downward along the bottom wall of each water conveyance soil channel 6. The depth of the shallow hole 3 is above the clay layer 4. A number of deep holes 2 are excavated vertically downward along the side slopes of each water conveyance soil channel 6. The depth of each deep hole 2 passes through the clay layer 4 to reach the groundwater level 5.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] A planting structure combining deep and shallow methods for ecological restoration of salt wasteland includes, from top to bottom, salt wasteland soil 1, clay layer 4 and groundwater level 5. Several water conveyance soil channels 6 are excavated in sequence along the horizontal direction of the salt wasteland soil 1. The depths of several water conveyance soil channels 6 are above the clay layer 4. The longitudinal section of the water conveyance soil channels 6 is an inverted trapezoid. Shallow holes 3 are excavated vertically downward along the bottom wall of each water conveyance soil channel 6. The depth of the shallow holes 3 is above the clay layer 4. Several deep holes 2 are excavated vertically downward along the side slopes of each water conveyance soil channel 6. The depth of each deep hole 2 passes through the clay layer 4 to reach the groundwater level 5.

[0036] The bottom width of the water conveyance earthen canal 6 is not less than 50cm, the height of the water conveyance earthen canal 6 is not less than 35cm, the length of the water conveyance earthen canal 6 is 30m-50m, and the spacing between the center lines of two adjacent water conveyance earthen canals 6 is 4 times to 6 times the bottom width of each water conveyance earthen canal 6.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] The deep and shallow planting structure for ecological restoration of salt wasteland was applied in the salt wasteland of Bachu Town, Bachu County, Xinjiang. Three adjacent plots were selected and 600m 2 The test plots and 600m 2 The untested plots (control, no irrigation, no soil treatment) and 600m 2 The soil layers of the experimental plot, non-experimental plot and traditional flood irrigation plot are saline wasteland soil 1, clay layer 4 and groundwater level 5 from top to bottom.

[0039] In the test plot, a number of water conveyance earth channels 6 are excavated in sequence along the horizontal direction of the salt wasteland soil 1. The depths of the water conveyance earth channels 6 are above the clay layer 4. The longitudinal section of the water conveyance earth channels 6 is an inverted trapezoid. Shallow holes 3 are excavated vertically downward along the bottom wall of each water conveyance earth channel 6. The depth of the shallow holes 3 is above the clay layer 4. A number of deep holes 2 are excavated vertically downward along the side slopes of each water conveyance earth channel 6. The depth of each deep hole 2 passes through the clay layer 4 to reach the groundwater level 5.

[0040] The bottom width of the water conveying earthen canal 6 is 50 cm, the height of the water conveying earthen canal 6 is 35 cm, the length of the water conveying earthen canal 6 is 30 m, and the spacing between the center lines of two adjacent water conveying earthen canals 6 is 4 times the bottom width of each water conveying earthen canal 6.

[0041] The diameter of the deep hole 2 is 10 cm. When filling the deep hole 2, the soil excavated from the deep hole 2 is mixed with the coarse sand, decomposed straw and decomposed dry cow dung collected in advance, and the bulk density of the filled soil is the same as the bulk density of the soil before the deep hole 2 is excavated.

[0042] The depth of shallow hole 3 is 0.8m, and the diameter of shallow hole 3 is 50cm. When filling the shallow hole, the soil excavated from shallow hole 3 is mixed with fine gravel, coarse sand, decomposed straw and decomposed dry cow dung collected in advance, and the bulk density of the filled soil is the same as the bulk density of the soil before excavation of shallow hole 3.

[0043] The distance between the center lines of two adjacent deep holes 2 is twice the diameter of the shallow hole 3 , and the distance between the center lines of two adjacent shallow holes 3 is twice the diameter of the shallow hole 3 . Two deep holes 2 are arranged outside each shallow hole 3 .

[0044] Water is poured into several water conveyance channels 6 of the test plot through the water conveyance main channel 7 to ensure that the average height of the water surface in each water conveyance channel 6 is 15 cm. After the irrigation water in the water conveyance channel 6 is completely infiltrated, plant seeds suitable for ecological restoration are sown in time at the bottom of the water conveyance channel 6. At the same time, the traditional flood irrigation plot is flooded according to the local commonly used irrigation volume, with a flood irrigation water volume of 15 cm. After the irrigation water is completely infiltrated, plant seeds suitable for ecological restoration are sown in time (the same as the test plot).

[0045] The deep and shallow combined planting structure for ecological restoration of salt wasteland was applied to the salt wasteland in Bachu Town, Bachu County, Xinjiang. The application effects of different plots 50 days after the end of irrigation are shown in Table 1. Compared with the traditional flood irrigation plots 50 days after the end of irrigation and the adjacent salt wasteland plots of the same period, the average salt content of the 0-30cm soil layer in the experimental plots 50 days after the end of irrigation was significantly reduced and the coverage of surface vegetation was significantly increased, and the ecological restoration effect of the salt wasteland was good.

[0046] Table 1 Comparison of application effects

[0047] category Average salt content of 0-30cm soil layer Average coverage of surface vegetation 50 days after the end of irrigation of the experimental plot 7.83g / kg 26％ 50 days after the end of flood irrigation in traditional flood irrigation plots 12.45g / kg 14％ Salt wasteland 23.12g / kg 8％

Claims

1. A deep and shallow planting structure for ecological restoration of salt wasteland, characterized in that: From top to bottom, it includes salt wasteland soil (1), clay layer (4) and groundwater level (5), and a plurality of water conveyance soil channels (6) are excavated in sequence along the horizontal direction of the salt wasteland soil (1), the depth of the plurality of water conveyance soil channels (6) is above the clay layer (4), the longitudinal section of the water conveyance soil channels (6) is an inverted trapezoid, a shallow hole (3) is excavated vertically downward along the bottom wall of each water conveyance soil channel (6), the depth of the shallow hole (3) is above the clay layer (4), and a plurality of deep holes (2) are excavated vertically downward along the side slopes on both sides of each water conveyance soil channel (6), the depth of each deep hole (2) passes through the clay layer (4) and reaches the groundwater level (5); The bottom width of the water conveying earthen channel (6) is not less than 50 cm, the height of the water conveying earthen channel (6) is not less than 35 cm, the length of the water conveying earthen channel (6) is 30 m-50 m, and the spacing between the center lines of two adjacent water conveying earthen channels (6) is 4 times to 6 times the bottom width of each water conveying earthen channel (6).

2. The deep and shallow combined planting structure for ecological restoration of salt wasteland according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The diameter of the deep hole (2) is 10 cm-20 cm.

3. The deep and shallow combined planting structure for ecological restoration of salt wasteland according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The depth of the shallow hole (3) is 0.8m-1m, and the diameter of the shallow hole (3) is 50cm-60cm.

4. The deep and shallow combined planting structure for ecological restoration of salt wasteland according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The spacing between the center lines of two adjacent deep holes (2) is 1 to 5 times the diameter of the shallow hole (3), and the spacing between the center lines of two adjacent shallow holes (3) is 2 to 5 times the diameter of the shallow hole (3). Two to five deep holes (2) are arranged outside each shallow hole (3).

Images