High-speed friction-wear testing machine
By using air bearings and liquid dropping devices in the friction and wear tester, the problem of the inability to run for a long time at medium and high speeds in the prior art is solved, and the problem of the inability to simulate different lubrication conditions is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420957222.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-11
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-05-07
AI Technical Summary
The existing friction and wear test machines cannot run for a long time at high speeds and cannot perform wear experiments under lubrication of different media.
A high-speed friction and wear test machine is designed, using air bearings to support the test workpieces, reduce friction and heat generation, and simulate different lubrication conditions through the dropping device and the abrasive box.
It realizes long-term running tests at high speeds, and can perform wear experiments under lubrication of different media to simulate the wear conditions of the dynamic and static rings.
Smart Images
Figure CN222599434U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of wear test equipment, in particular to a high-speed friction and wear tester. Background Art
[0002] Multifunctional friction and wear testing machines are crucial for the research and analysis of tribological properties and friction and wear mechanisms of different materials. At present, there are many classification methods for friction and wear testing machines, and various types of friction and wear testing machines have been developed according to the test requirements of different fields of application.
[0003] Sliding speed is very important for friction and wear test experiments. Generally speaking, common friction and wear testers are driven mechanically or directly by motors (servo motors or stepper motors, etc.). Friction and wear testers support the rotating shaft of the friction disk through a sleeve or a plane bearing. In this way, when the speed of the DC servo motor exceeds 2000r / min, the bearing must be cooled, otherwise the friction and wear tester cannot run for a long time. In addition, the friction and wear tester of the prior art cannot perform wear experiments under different media lubrication. Utility Model Content
[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a high-speed friction and wear testing machine, which reduces the frictional heat generated between the rotating test workpiece and the air bearing through the design of the air bearing, and can also carry out wear experiments under different medium lubrication.
[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the utility model is:
[0006] A high-speed friction and wear testing machine comprises a workbench and a test workpiece, wherein a load loading device is installed on the workbench through a cantilever bracket, and a friction disc is arranged at the lower end of the load loading device;
[0007] An air bearing is installed on the workbench through a supporting cylinder, a power transmission mechanism is arranged inside the workbench, a rotating shaft is arranged at the output end of the power transmission mechanism, and the upper end of the rotating shaft passes through the air bearing and is slidably connected to the test workpiece;
[0008] The power transmission mechanism can drive the test workpiece to rotate, the load loading device can apply axial force to make the lower end surface of the friction disk contact the upper end surface of the test workpiece, and the air bearing can make the test workpiece slide upward and suspend on the upper end surface of the air bearing after ventilation.
[0009] Furthermore, a sleeve is formed at the lower end of the test workpiece, and the sleeve is sleeved on the upper end of the rotating shaft and forms a transmission connection through a sliding key. The rotating shaft can drive the sleeve to rotate, and the sleeve can slide up and down relative to the rotating shaft.
[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a dripping device arranged above the friction disk, the dripping device is filled with lubricating medium, the friction disk is axially provided with a dripping hole, the dripping device is connected to the dripping hole and is used to add lubricating medium between the friction disk and the test workpiece.
[0011] Furthermore, it also includes an abrasive box arranged above the friction disk, the friction disk is axially provided with an abrasive adding hole, the abrasive box is connected with the abrasive adding hole and is used to add abrasive to the gap between the friction disk and the test workpiece.
[0012] Furthermore, a texture unit is provided on the lower end surface of the friction disk, and the lubricating medium flowing down through the drip holes can be introduced into the texture unit.
[0013] Furthermore, the texture unit is a plurality of texture grooves, and the plurality of texture grooves are arranged in parallel or in a cross arrangement.
[0014] Furthermore, the texture unit is a plurality of texture pits, and the plurality of texture pits are distributed in a rectangular array.
[0015] Furthermore, a movable platform is also provided at the bottom of the cantilever bracket.
[0016] Furthermore, the load-applying device is a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder or a screw rod.
[0017] Furthermore, the power transmission mechanism is a servo motor.
[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0019] 1. The utility model supports the test workpiece through the air bearing. There is a gap between the air bearing and the test workpiece, so that the test workpiece is suspended on the surface of the air bearing, reducing the frictional heat between the rotating test workpiece and the air bearing, so that the rotation speed of the servo motor can exceed 2000r / min for testing, and can run for a long time for testing.
[0020] 2. The utility model can add lubricating medium between the friction disk and the test workpiece through the design of the dripping device and the dripping hole on the friction disk, so that wear experiments under different lubrication conditions can be realized.
[0021] 3. The utility model provides a texture unit on the lower end surface of the friction disk, which can store lubricating medium or use the dynamic and static pressure difference to move the lubricating medium in the texture, so as to simulate the wear experiment of the existing bearing or dynamic and static ring with oil storage function.
[0022] 4. The utility model controls the appropriate gap between the lower end surface of the friction disk and the upper end surface of the test workpiece through the load loading device, and can add abrasives to the gap through the design of the abrasive box and the abrasive adding hole on the friction disk, so as to simulate the wear experiment when there are metal fragments between the dynamic and static rings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;
[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the test workpiece sleeve and the rotating shaft of the utility model;
[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the setting of the dripping device of the utility model;
[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the setting of the abrasive box of the utility model;
[0027] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the texture unit of the utility model;
[0028] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the texture unit of the utility model;
[0029] Among them, 1. workbench; 2. servo motor; 3. support cylinder; 4. air bearing; 5. test workpiece; 6. friction disk; 7. cylinder; 8. cantilever bracket; 9. moving platform; 10. rotating shaft; 11. dripping device; 12. dripping hole; 13. abrasive box; 14. abrasive adding hole; 15. sleeve; 16. rolling bearing; 6-1. texture groove; 6-2. texture pit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] In order to make the content of the utility model more clearly understood, the utility model is further described in detail below based on specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0031] like Figure 1-4 As shown, in this embodiment, a high-speed friction and wear testing machine is provided, which is mainly composed of a workbench 1, an air bearing 4, a cantilever bracket 8, a load loading device, a power transmission mechanism, a friction disc 6, a test workpiece 5 and other components. Among them, the bottom of the cantilever bracket 8 is installed on the workbench 1 through a moving platform 9, and the moving platform 9 can be a structure such as a slide rail or a screw slide. The load loading device is installed on the lower side of the upper end of the cantilever bracket 8, and the friction disc 6 is installed at the lower end of the load loading device. The position of the cantilever bracket 8 can be adjusted through the moving platform 9, that is, the position of the load loading device and the friction disc 6 can be adjusted.
[0032] Specifically, the load loading device in this embodiment is a cylinder 7, which can drive the friction disk 6 to move up and down, and it can also be a hydraulic cylinder or a screw. The power transmission mechanism is specifically a servo motor 2, which is arranged in the workbench 1. The upper output end of the servo motor 2 is connected to a rotating shaft 10, and the rotating shaft 10 and the workbench 1 are assembled through a rolling bearing 16. An air bearing 4 is also installed on the workbench 1 through a supporting cylinder 3. The air bearing 4 is an air thrust bearing. The air bearing 4 is coaxial with the rotating shaft 10, and the upper end of the rotating shaft 10 passes through the air bearing 4 and is slidably connected to the test workpiece 5, that is, the rotating shaft 10 can drive the test workpiece 5 to rotate, and the test workpiece 5 can also slide up and down relative to the rotating shaft 10.
[0033] With such a design, during testing, the servo motor 2 can drive the test workpiece 5 to rotate, the cylinder 7 can apply axial force and make the lower end surface of the friction disk 6 contact with the upper end surface of the test workpiece 5, and the air bearing 4 can make the test workpiece 5 slide upward and float on the upper end surface of the air bearing 4 after ventilation. Therefore, there is a gap between the air bearing 4 and the test workpiece 5. The suspension of the test workpiece 5 on the surface of the air bearing can reduce the frictional heat generated between the rotating test workpiece 5 and the air bearing 4, so that the rotation speed of the servo motor 2 can exceed 2000r / min for testing, and can run for a long time for testing.
[0034] Specifically, in order to achieve ventilation, the test workpiece 5 is suspended on the upper end surface of the air bearing 4. Figure 1 , 2 As shown, in this embodiment, a sleeve 15 is formed at the lower end of the test workpiece 5, and the sleeve 15 is sleeved on the upper end of the rotating shaft 10 and forms a transmission connection through a sliding key, that is, the rotating shaft 10 can drive the sleeve 15 to rotate, and the sleeve 15 can slide up and down relative to the rotating shaft 10. When the air bearing 4 is ventilated, the sleeve 15 slides upward, and at this time, a slip occurs between the sleeve 15 and the rotating shaft 10, but the slip amount is less than half of the length of the sliding key between the sleeve 15 and the rotating shaft 10, so that the sleeve 15 can rotate normally and the strength meets the requirements.
[0035] In order to simulate the wear experiment under different lubrication conditions. Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, a dripping device 11 is further designed above the friction disc 6. The dripping device 11 can be hung on the cantilever bracket 8 or installed through other bracket parts. A lubricating medium is installed in the dripping device 11, and the type of the lubricating medium can be replaced according to needs. At the same time, a dripping hole 12 is axially opened on the friction disc 6. The dripper at the lower end of the dripping device 11 is connected to the dripping hole 12 through a conduit. The dripping device 11 can add lubricating medium between the friction disc 6 and the test workpiece 5 through the conduit and the dripping hole 12, so that wear experiments under different lubrication conditions can be realized.
[0036] Under the actual working conditions of the dynamic and static rings, after a period of use, the presence of particles in the dynamic and static ring seals exacerbates the wear of the dynamic and static rings. The dynamic and static rings here can be understood as the dynamic and static rings of mechanical seals. Therefore, in this embodiment, the cylinder 7 can be used to control the appropriate gap between the lower end surface of the friction disk 6 and the upper end surface of the test workpiece 5, and abrasives can be added to the gap, so that the wear experiment when there are metal fragments between the dynamic and static rings can be simulated. Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, an abrasive box 13 is also designed above the friction disc 6. The abrasive box 13 can be hung on the cantilever bracket 8 or installed through other brackets. At the same time, an abrasive adding hole 14 is axially opened on the friction disc 6. The abrasive box 13 is connected to the abrasive adding hole 14 through a conduit. The abrasive box 13 can add abrasive to the gap between the friction disc 6 and the test workpiece 5 through the conduit and the abrasive adding hole 14, so that the wear experiment when metal fragments exist between the dynamic and static rings can be simulated. In addition, a metering valve can be designed and installed on the pipeline between the abrasive adding hole 14 and the abrasive box 13 to measure the mass of the abrasive entering the gap.
[0037] Existing bearings or dynamic and static rings are all provided with oil storage grooves. In order to further simulate the actual wear conditions, the present embodiment further provides a texture unit on the lower end surface of the friction disc 6, and the lubricating medium flowing down through the drip holes 12 can be introduced into the texture unit.
[0038] refer to Figure 5 As shown, the texture unit in the first embodiment is specifically a plurality of texture grooves 6-1, and the plurality of texture grooves 6-1 are arranged in parallel or crosswise, and are arranged in parallel in the figure. The texture grooves 6-1 are micrometer-level, and the texture grooves 6-1 in the first embodiment are arc grooves, and the depth of the arc grooves is 50-100 μm, and the width of the arc grooves is 30-80 μm. One end of the texture groove 6-1 is connected to the drip hole 12, so that the lubricating medium enters the arc groove, and the dynamic and static pressure difference is used to make the lubricating medium move in the texture, so that the wear experiment of the dynamic and static rings in the prior art can be simulated.
[0039] refer to Figure 6 As shown, the texture unit in the second embodiment is specifically a plurality of texture pits 6-2, and the plurality of texture pits 6-2 are distributed in a rectangular array. The texture pits 6-2 in the second embodiment are hemispherical pits, and the ball diameter of the hemispherical pits is 20-50 μm. The lubricating medium enters the gap between the friction disk 6 and the test workpiece 5 through the drip hole 12, and the lubricating medium can be stored in the hemispherical pits. In this way, the storage of the lubricating medium can simulate the wear test of the existing bearing with oil storage function.
[0040] refer to Figure 1-4As shown, when the present embodiment is working, the position of the friction disc 6 can be adjusted by the mobile platform 9 so that it is aligned with the test workpiece 5. Then the air source is turned on to suspend the test workpiece 5 located on the air bearing 4. Then, according to the specific requirements of the experiment, the load is applied by the cylinder 7 so that the friction disc 6 contacts the test workpiece 5, and the friction and wear experiment is carried out. The time and the speed of the servo motor 2 can be controlled by the instrument, and the friction and wear test under the conditions of lean oil and rich oil lubrication can be carried out by manual dripping. Then, a suitable gap is left between the lower end surface of the friction disc 6 and the test workpiece 5 by the cylinder 7, and abrasive is added to the gap by the abrasive box 13. When adding abrasive, the mass of abrasive added can be determined according to the metering valve, and then the cylinder 7 is loaded with a load. By manual dripping, the lubricating medium is dripped into the gap, and the friction and wear test of different abrasives under the conditions of lean oil or rich oil lubrication can be simulated. In order to accurately control the applied load and detect the temperature of the friction surface, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor can be installed on the friction disk 6. The pressure sensor is used to detect the load applied by the cylinder 7, and the temperature sensor is used to detect the change in the temperature rise of the friction disk 6, so as to study the relationship between the temperature rise and the lean or rich lubrication conditions.
[0041] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the utility model. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.
[0042] The above specific embodiments further illustrate the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present invention. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A high-speed friction and wear testing machine, characterized in that: It comprises a workbench (1) and a test workpiece (5), wherein a load loading device is mounted on the workbench (1) via a cantilever bracket (8), and a friction disc (6) is arranged at the lower end of the load loading device; An air bearing (4) is mounted on the workbench (1) via a supporting cylinder (3); a power transmission mechanism is arranged inside the workbench (1); a rotating shaft (10) is arranged at the output end of the power transmission mechanism; the upper end of the rotating shaft (10) passes through the air bearing (4) and is slidably connected to the test workpiece (5); The power transmission mechanism can drive the test workpiece (5) to rotate, the load loading device can apply an axial force to make the lower end surface of the friction disk (6) contact with the upper end surface of the test workpiece (5), and the air bearing (4) can make the test workpiece (5) slide upward and float on the upper end surface of the air bearing (4) after ventilation.
2. A high-speed friction and wear testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sleeve (15) is formed at the lower end of the test workpiece (5); the sleeve (15) is sleeved on the upper end of the rotating shaft (10) and is connected to the rotating shaft (10) through a sliding key; the rotating shaft (10) can drive the sleeve (15) to rotate, and the sleeve (15) can slide up and down relative to the rotating shaft (10).
3. A high-speed friction and wear testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a dripping device (11) arranged above the friction disk (6), wherein the dripping device (11) contains a lubricating medium, and an axially-opened dripping hole (12) on the friction disk (6). The dripping device (11) is connected to the dripping hole (12) and is used to add the lubricating medium between the friction disk (6) and the test workpiece (5).
4. A high-speed friction and wear testing machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes an abrasive box (13) arranged above the friction disk (6), an abrasive adding hole (14) is axially opened on the friction disk (6), and the abrasive box (13) is connected to the abrasive adding hole (14) and is used to add abrasive to the gap between the friction disk (6) and the test workpiece (5).
5. A high-speed friction and wear testing machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower end surface of the friction disk (6) is also provided with a texture unit, and the lubricating medium flowing down through the drip holes (12) can be introduced into the texture unit.
6. A high-speed friction and wear testing machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The texture unit is a plurality of texture grooves (6-1), and the plurality of texture grooves (6-1) are arranged in parallel or in a cross arrangement.
7. A high-speed friction and wear testing machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The texture unit is a plurality of texture pits (6-2), and the plurality of texture pits (6-2) are distributed in a rectangular array.
8. A high-speed friction and wear testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A movable platform (9) is also provided at the bottom of the cantilever bracket (8).
9. A high-speed friction and wear testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The load loading device is a cylinder (7) or a hydraulic cylinder or a screw rod.
10. A high-speed friction and wear testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power transmission mechanism is a servo motor (2).