Thermal runaway flue gas treatment device

Abstract

The utility model provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device which is used for effectively treating thermal runaway flue gas so as to solve the problem of potential safety hazards caused by the fact that the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged out of a battery shell. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device comprises at least one treatment tank body and an ignition unit, a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet are formed in the treatment tank body; the treatment tank body is filled with 0.05-0.5 mol / L of aqueous alkali and is used for treating thermal runaway flue gas generated by thermal runaway of the battery; and the ignition unit is used for carrying out ignition treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the alkali solution. Electrolyte, acid gas and the like in the thermal runaway flue gas are treated by the alkaline solution with the concentration, and then combustible gas in the residual gas is ignited, so that the treated gas does not have flammability and also has harmlessness, and the safety of an energy storage system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of battery safety, and in particular relates to a thermal runaway smoke treatment device. Background Art

[0002] With the development of new energy sources such as solar energy and wind energy, energy storage technology has also developed. Lithium batteries have gradually become the mainstream product for energy storage due to their advantages such as high energy, long service life, high rated voltage, high power tolerance and low self-discharge rate.

[0003] With the large-scale application of lithium battery energy storage systems, the safe use of lithium-ion batteries has also attracted attention. Due to the high concentration of battery packs in energy storage systems, under the influence of factors such as battery overcharge, overdischarge, overheating, and mechanical collision, the battery diaphragm collapses and internal short circuits occur, leading to thermal runaway, which may eventually cause fire inside the battery, and in severe cases, cause explosions, posing safety hazards.

[0004] When a lithium battery is in complete thermal runaway, the temperature inside the battery can reach as high as 500-1000°C. The gases generated during the thermal runaway process cause the internal pressure of the battery to increase, causing the battery shell to expand and rupture. Eventually the explosion relief valve opens, spraying and releasing the evaporated electrolyte and reaction gases inside the battery.

[0005] The vaporized electrolyte and reaction gas are discharged from the battery housing and are easily accumulated to cause safety hazards such as combustion. At the same time, the reaction gas contains toxic gases such as HF, which will also cause certain pollution to the environment. Utility Model Content

[0006] The utility model provides a thermal runaway smoke treatment device, which is used for effectively treating the thermal runaway smoke to solve the potential safety hazard problem of the thermal runaway smoke being discharged outside the battery housing.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the utility model is:

[0008] The utility model provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, comprising at least one treatment tank body and an ignition unit; the treatment tank body is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet; the treatment tank body is filled with an alkaline solution of 0.05-0.5 mol / L, which is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas generated by thermal runaway of a battery; the ignition unit is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the alkaline solution.

[0009] Furthermore, the alkaline solution in the treatment tank is a 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH solution.

[0010] Furthermore, the alkaline solution in the treatment tank is a 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution.

[0011] Furthermore, a breaking up component is provided in the processing tank body for breaking up and diverting the thermal runaway flue gas entering the processing tank body.

[0012] Furthermore, a first one-way valve is provided at the smoke inlet of the processing tank body, and a second one-way valve is provided at the smoke outlet.

[0013] Furthermore, a porous plate is provided on the top of the cavity of the processing tank.

[0014] Furthermore, the ignition unit includes a flue gas pipeline and at least one group of ignition components, and the flue gas pipeline is connected to the flue gas outlet of the treatment tank; the ignition component includes a smoke exhaust pipe and an igniter, and the smoke exhaust pipe is connected to the smoke pipeline, and the igniter is used to ignite the thermal runaway smoke discharged from the smoke exhaust pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes an adsorption pipeline connected between the smoke outlet of the treatment tank and the smoke pipeline inlet, and the adsorption pipeline is filled with an adsorption medium.

[0016] Furthermore, the adsorption medium is activated carbon.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the utility model has the following advantages:

[0018] 1. The utility model provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, which treats the thermal runaway flue gas with an alkaline solution of 0.05 to 0.5 mol / L, and then ignites the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the alkaline solution. The alkaline solution of the above concentration can not only fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose, but also the alkaline solution of this concentration can treat part of the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas. The gas volume of the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the alkaline solution of this concentration is greatly reduced, and the combustible gas in the remaining gas is then ignited, so that the treated gas is not flammable and is also harmless, which solves the safety hazards and pollution problems of the thermal runaway flue gas discharged outside the battery shell.

[0019] 2. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the utility model, the thermal runaway flue gas has a significant effect after being treated with an alkaline solution with a concentration of 0.1 to 0.2 mol / L, and the best effect is achieved after being treated with an alkaline solution with a concentration of 0.1 mol / L.

[0020] 3. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the utility model, a dispersion component is arranged in the treatment tank body, and the dispersion component is used to disperse and divert the thermal runaway flue gas entering the treatment tank body, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can fully contact and react with the alkaline solution, thereby further improving the treatment effect of the alkaline solution.

[0021] 4. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the utility model, a first one-way valve is provided at the flue gas inlet of the treatment tank body, and the first one-way valve prevents the alkaline solution in the treatment tank body from flowing back. At the same time, a second one-way valve is provided at the flue gas outlet, and the second one-way valve is used to prevent the alkaline solution from volatilizing and affecting the treatment effect of the alkaline solution.

[0022] 5. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the utility model, a porous plate is also provided on the top of the cavity of the treatment tank body, and the porous plate is used to place the adsorption medium. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the alkaline solution, it will carry part of the alkaline solution, and the alkaline solution can be adsorbed by the adsorption medium on the porous plate, so that the gas discharged from the treatment tank body is safer.

[0023] 6. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the utility model also includes an adsorption pipeline connected between the flue gas outlet of the treatment tank and the flue gas pipeline inlet. The adsorption medium processes part of the gas in the residual thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can be completely treated by using a smaller number of ignition components in the subsequent use.

[0024] 7. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present invention, the adsorption medium is selected from activated carbon with relatively low cost and relatively good treatment effect.

[0025] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be embodied in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through research and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in Example 3;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the treatment tank in Example 3;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in Example 4.

[0030] Figure numerals: 1-treatment tank, 2-ignition unit, 3-adsorption pipeline, 11-cylinder, 12-end cover, 13-smoke inlet, 14-smoke outlet, 15-disintegration component, 16-first one-way valve, 17-second one-way valve, 18-porous plate, 21-smoke pipeline, 22-smoke exhaust pipe, 23-igniter, 24-trigger, 25-flame arrester. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the utility model more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the utility model are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings of the specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the utility model, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary persons in the field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0032] The "other embodiments" that appear in different places in this specification do not all refer to the same embodiment, nor are they separate or selective embodiments that are mutually exclusive with other embodiments. In the description of this specification, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. In the description of this utility model, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically limited.

[0033] In the description of this specification, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate, or the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0034] At the same time, in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "top, bottom, inside and outside" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0035] The existing energy storage system generally includes an energy storage cabinet and multiple battery modules arranged in the energy storage cabinet. The battery module can be formed by connecting the existing single cylindrical batteries or square shell batteries in series and parallel, or a large-capacity battery composed of existing single batteries. The above battery modules are prone to thermal runaway during use or when overcharged, over-discharged or mechanically collided.

[0036] Research shows that when a lithium-ion battery experiences thermal runaway, a series of chemical reactions will occur inside, releasing a large amount of heat and gas, such as: SEI film decomposition reaction (90-120°C), cathode and electrolyte reaction (100-350°C), electrolyte decomposition reaction (110-300°C), diaphragm shrinkage and melting reaction (>130°C), cathode and electrolyte reaction (200-300°C), and binder decomposition reaction (200-300°C), etc. The above reactions do not occur in a fixed order, nor do they proceed independently.

[0037] When the battery temperature is around 90-120℃, first, the SEI film decomposes, releasing heat and producing gases such as C2H4, CO2 and O2. As the temperature continues to rise, when the battery temperature is around 120℃, the negative electrode surface has lost the protection of the SE I film, and the embedded lithium reacts with the electrolyte organic solvents such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) to produce CxHy gas. When the temperature is 110-300℃, the electrolyte and the electrolyte itself will also undergo a series of decomposition reactions to produce some fluorides. As the temperature continues to rise, the positive electrode material begins to decompose and produce O2. The O2 produced by the decomposition of the positive electrode material reacts with the solvent of the electrolyte: when the O2 concentration is high, the reaction produces CO2, and when the O2 concentration is low, the reaction produces CO. When the battery temperature exceeds 235℃, the binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) will react with lithium and self-decompose.

[0038] From the above process, it can be seen that when the battery is in thermal runaway, the exhaust gas mainly includes the following components: vaporized electrolyte, CO2, CO, H2, C x H y , C x H y O z , C x H y F, POF3 and HF, etc. The thermal runaway flue gas contains not only hydrogen, CO, CO2, methane and other gases, but also a large amount of electrolyte vapor. The vaporized electrolyte will not only react with the positive or negative electrode in the battery cavity, but also undergo a series of decomposition reactions itself, and continue to produce a large amount of harmful gases.

[0039] The utility model provides a method for treating thermal runaway flue gas. The method mainly passes the thermal runaway flue gas through an alkaline solution of a certain concentration. The alkaline solution treats vaporized electrolyte and part of the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas, not only hydrolyzing the electrolyte to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose, but also treating part of the counter-gas. The gas volume of the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the alkaline solution of this concentration is greatly reduced, thereby solving the potential safety hazard problem of the thermal runaway flue gas being discharged outside the battery casing.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] The thermal runaway flue gas of lithium-ion battery mainly includes vaporized electrolyte and CO2, CO, H2, C x H y , C x H y O z , C x H y F, POF3 and HF and other reaction gases. In this embodiment, the alkaline solution can cool the thermal runaway flue gas, fully dissolve the electrolyte vapor in the thermal runaway flue gas in the alkaline solution, and react with the alkaline solution. A certain concentration of alkaline solution is used to react with the carbonate substances in the electrolyte to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to produce harmful gases, and to treat the thermal runaway flue gas at the source. In addition, the alkaline solution has a good treatment effect on acidic substances such as CO2, POF3 and HF, and can achieve effective treatment of thermal runaway flue gas. The residual thermal runaway flue gas after treatment with the alkaline solution mainly includes CO, H2, C x H y , C x H y O z , C x H y F and other gases, most of which are flammable gases. At this time, the above gases are ignited so that the treated gases are non-flammable and harmless and can be directly discharged, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage system during use.

[0042] At the same time, for alkaline solutions, generally the higher the concentration, the better the treatment effect on thermal runaway flue gas. However, the applicant found that low-concentration alkaline solutions have better treatment effects than high-concentration alkaline solutions, especially 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkaline solutions. When thermal runaway flue gas passes through an alkaline solution of this concentration, the amount of gas collected is minimal, and its treatment effect is better than that of alkaline solutions with a concentration of more than 0.5 mol / L. Therefore, the key to the method of the utility model is to overcome the prejudice of the prior art and use a low-concentration alkaline solution to treat thermal runaway flue gas, so that the alkaline solution can effectively treat thermal runaway flue gas. At the same time, the combined treatment method of alkaline solution + ignition can treat the electrolyte and most of the gases in the thermal runaway flue gas, and the treatment effect is better.

[0043] Based on this, the present embodiment provides a method for treating thermal runaway smoke, which includes the following processes: transporting the thermal runaway smoke generated by thermal runaway of the battery to a 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkaline solution, treating the thermal runaway smoke with the alkaline solution, and igniting the thermal runaway smoke after treatment with the alkaline solution to reduce the safety hazards caused by the discharge of thermal runaway smoke.

[0044] In the above method, the alkaline solution can specifically be a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, etc. The alkaline solution can not only dissolve the electrolyte in the battery thermal runaway flue gas, but also has a good treatment effect on acidic gases such as CO2, POF3 and HF.

[0045] Taking the alkaline solution as NaOH solution as an example, a large number of battery thermal runaway tests were carried out. After a horizontal comparison of the treatment effects of water and NaOH solutions of different concentrations on the thermal runaway flue gas, it was found that the gas collected after the thermal runaway flue gas was treated with 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution had a better effect, and the effect was significant after treatment with 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH solution. The volume was the smallest after treatment with 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution.

[0046] When the thermal runaway flue gas is transported to the NaOH solution, the NaOH solution reacts with the electrolyte, CO2, POF3 and acidic substances such as HF in the thermal runaway flue gas. For example, the ester in the electrolyte reacts with the NaOH solution: CHOOCR+NaOH=RCOONa+CHOH; CO2 reacts with the NaOH solution: 2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2O; CO2 will also react subsequently: Na2CO3+CO2+H2O=2NaHCO3; POF3 reacts with the NaOH solution: POF3+2NaOH=NaPF2O2+NaF+H2O; HF reacts with the NaOH solution: NaOH+HF=NaF+H2O. After the above reactions, the volume of the thermal runaway flue gas is greatly reduced, and the subsequent treatment cost is greatly reduced.

[0047] Table 1 Unprocessed full-charge 32650 battery out-of-control data

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] Table 2 Treatment results of different concentrations of NaOH solution

[0051]

[0052]

[0053] According to the above test data, when the thermal runaway flue gas of the fully charged 32650 battery after thermal runaway is not treated in any way, the collected gas volume is 4L. When the thermal runaway flue gas of the fully charged 32650 battery after thermal runaway passes through a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.5mol / L or more, the collected gas is generally greater than 2L, and the treatment effect is not ideal. After the thermal runaway flue gas of the fully charged 32650 battery after thermal runaway passes through a 0.05-0.5mol / L NaOH solution, the gas volume is small, all below 2L. After being treated with 0.1-0.2mol / L sodium hydroxide, the effect is significant. After being treated with 0.1mol / L sodium hydroxide, the collected gas volume is the smallest, only about 1L, and the effect is the best. Therefore, 0.05-0.5mol / L NaOH solution has a good treatment effect on the thermal runaway flue gas after battery thermal runaway. Finally, the remaining gas is ignited by the ignition unit, and the thermal runaway flue gas is treated in a combined manner, so that the treated gas is non-flammable and non-polluting, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage system during use.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] It can be seen from the description in Example 1 that an alkaline solution of a certain concentration can effectively treat the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the volume of the treated thermal runaway flue gas is greatly reduced. However, if multiple batteries in the energy storage system thermally runaway and generate more thermal runaway flue gas, more ignition components need to be set up to treat the thermal runaway flue gas. Therefore, this embodiment can add an adsorption process of a solid adsorption medium on the basis of Example 1, and the residual gas after the alkaline solution treatment is treated by the adsorption medium, and then ignited. The adsorption medium treats part of the gas in the residual thermal runaway flue gas, so that the subsequent use of a smaller number of ignition components can achieve complete treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0056] The thermal runaway flue gas treatment method provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0057] 1. Transport the thermal runaway flue gas to a 0.05-0.5 mol alkaline solution for treatment;

[0058] The alkaline solution is specifically a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, etc. The alkaline solution can not only dissolve the electrolyte in the battery thermal runaway flue gas, but also has a good treatment effect on acidic gases such as CO2, POF3 and HF;

[0059] 2. Treat the thermal runaway flue gas after being treated with the alkaline solution through an adsorption medium;

[0060] 3. Ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the adsorption medium to reduce the potential safety hazards caused by the discharge of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0061] In this process, the remaining thermal runaway flue gas after the alkaline solution treatment is adsorbed by an adsorption medium to absorb excess H2, CO, methane and other gases. The adsorption medium can specifically be activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate or porous glass; preferably, the above-mentioned adsorption medium is selected from activated carbon with relatively low cost and relatively excellent treatment effect, generally activated carbon or modified activated carbon with a higher iodine value is selected. This type of activated carbon is easy to adsorb small molecular weight gases in the thermal runaway flue gas, for example, it is easy to react with hydrogen, methane, etc.

[0062] When the thermal runaway flue gas of a fully charged 32650 battery ran away without any treatment, the volume of the collected gas was 4L. After treatment with 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution and activated carbon, the collected gas was about 0.3 to 0.5L. The remaining thermal runaway flue gas was then treated by ignition. It can be seen that the above-mentioned combined treatment method can effectively treat the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery.

[0063] Table 3 Absorption effect of P-B-3 activated carbon on thermal runaway flue gas

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] Table 4 Adsorption test after combining NaOH solution and activated carbon

[0067]

[0068] Through the test data, it was found that the use of NaOH solution and activated carbon (No. 1 gas filter canister PB-3 activated carbon) to treat the thermal runaway flue gas of the battery thermal runaway air is very effective. After many tests, it was found that the thermal runaway flue gas after the fully charged 32650 battery ran away was first treated with 0.1 mol / LNaOH solution, and then after activated carbon adsorption, the collected gas volume was 0.3~0.5L, and then the gas was ignited.

[0069] The test was then scaled up to conduct thermal runaway smoke treatment tests on two 30Ah batteries and a 202Ah battery.

[0070] Table 52 30Ah battery thermal runaway adsorption test

[0071]

[0072] Table 6202Ah large battery thermal runaway adsorption test

[0073]

[0074] From the above test data, it can be seen that when two 30AH batteries are in thermal runaway, 3L of NaOH solution and 2KG of activated carbon are used to make the treated gas completely non-flammable; when the 202Ah battery is in thermal runaway, 10L of NaOH solution and 6.5KG of activated carbon are used to make the treated gas completely non-flammable. It can be seen that the corresponding relationship between the battery capacity value and the alkaline solution and adsorption medium is: the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery with a capacity of C1AH is treated with at least (0.05×C1)L of alkaline solution and (32×C1)g of adsorption medium. If the installation conditions at the site are limited, or the filling amount of the alkaline solution and adsorption medium does not meet the requirements, at this time, the remaining thermal runaway flue gas is ignited by the subsequent ignition unit, so that the gas discharged from the energy storage system is completely non-flammable and harmless.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, this embodiment provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, which includes at least one treatment tank body 1 and an ignition unit 2, and the treatment tank body 1 is provided with a flue gas inlet 13 and a flue gas outlet 14; the treatment tank body 1 is filled with 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkaline solution, and the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the flue gas inlet 13 and directly reacts with the alkaline solution in the treatment tank body 1, and the alkaline solution treats the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas, thereby achieving effective treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas of the battery. Specifically, the thermal runaway flue gas has a significant effect after being treated with a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.1-0.2 mol / L, and the effect is best after being treated with a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.1 mol / L. The ignition unit 2 is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas after being treated with the alkaline solution. The specific structure of the treatment tank body 1 and the ignition unit 2 is described below.

[0077] The shape of the above-mentioned treatment tank body 1 is not limited, and can be a rectangular tank body, a circular tank body, an elliptical tank body, etc. In this embodiment, the treatment tank body 1 specifically adopts a circular tank body, and the circular tank body has good pressure-bearing performance. At the same time, in this embodiment, the flue gas inlet 13 can be specifically set at the bottom of the circular tank body, and the flue gas outlet 14 is set at the top of the energy storage box body. This arrangement allows the thermal runaway flue gas to fully pass through the alkaline solution in the circular tank body, fully treat the thermal runaway flue gas, and further improve the treatment effect.

[0078] The above-mentioned treatment tank body 1 is a split structure, which can mainly adopt the following structural forms: first, the treatment tank body 1 is mainly composed of a cylinder body 11 with an open end and an end cover 12 arranged at the open end; second, the treatment tank body 1 is mainly composed of a cylinder body 11 with open ends and two end covers 12 arranged at the open ends;

[0079] In the above two structures, in order to ensure the sealing of the treatment tank body 1, it is preferred to use a cylinder body 11 with an open top and an end cover 12 arranged at the open end to form the treatment tank body 1. When the end cover 12 is connected to the cylinder body 11, it can be connected by thread or flange. No matter which connection method is used, it is necessary to pay attention to the sealing of the connection. In this case, the smoke inlet 13 can be set on the bottom plate of the cylinder body, and the smoke outlet 14 can be set on the end cover.

[0080] In addition, a dispersing component 15 is also provided in the above-mentioned treatment tank body 1, which is used to disperse and divert the thermal runaway flue gas entering the treatment tank body 1, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can fully contact and react with the alkaline solution. The dispersing component 15 includes at least one foam copper column, which is fixed to the flue gas inlet 13 during specific installation, and is used to disperse and divert the thermal runaway flue gas entering the treatment tank body 1; foam copper is a structure with a large number of three-dimensional holes in a copper matrix, which has a dispersing and buffering effect on the fluid. When in use, it is processed into a columnar structure and installed on the flue gas inlet 13. The thermal runaway flue gas enters from the bottom of the foam copper column through the flue gas inlet 13, and then flows out through the side wall or top of the foam copper column to achieve the dispersion and buffering effect on the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0081] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, a first one-way valve 16 is installed at the flue gas inlet 13 of the above-mentioned treatment tank body 1, and the first one-way valve 16 prevents the problem of reflux of the alkaline solution in the treatment tank body 1. At the same time, a second one-way valve 17 can also be provided at the flue gas outlet 14 of the treatment tank body 1. The second one-way valve 17 is used to prevent the volatilization of the alkaline solution. The second one-way valve 17 is a pressure valve. After the thermal runaway flue gas flows into the treatment tank body 1, it opens when the pressure of the treatment tank body 1 exceeds the threshold. In other embodiments, a solenoid valve can also be provided at the flue gas outlet 14 of the treatment tank body 1. The solenoid valve is a normally closed valve, which is usually closed to prevent the volatilization of the alkaline solution. When the battery is out of control, the battery management system BMS opens the solenoid valve.

[0082] In addition, if Figure 2 As shown, a porous plate 18 may also be provided on the top of the inner cavity of the treatment tank body 1, and the porous plate 18 is used to place an adsorption medium. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the alkaline solution, it will carry part of the alkaline solution, and the alkaline solution can be adsorbed by the adsorption medium on the porous plate 18, so that the gas discharged from the treatment tank body 1 is safer.

[0083] like Figure 1 As shown, the ignition unit 2 in this embodiment includes a flue gas pipeline 21 and at least one group of ignition components, and the flue gas pipeline 21 is connected to the flue gas outlet 14 of the treatment tank body 1. The ignition component is connected to the flue gas pipeline 21. Among them, the number of ignition components can be set according to the number and demand of batteries in the energy storage system, and can be set to 1 group, 2 groups, 3 groups or 4 groups. When it is set to multiple groups, it can not only fully ignite the thermal runaway flue gas to ensure reliable ignition, but also avoid the safety hazard caused by the failure or failure of a single ignition component, which cannot reliably ignite the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0084] like Figure 1As shown, a single ignition assembly includes a smoke exhaust pipe 22 and an igniter 23 arranged at the outlet of the smoke exhaust pipe 22. The smoke exhaust pipe 22 is connected to the smoke pipeline 21 (when there are multiple ignition assemblies, the inlets of the smoke exhaust pipes 22 of the multiple ignition assemblies are all connected to the smoke pipeline 21). The igniter 23 is turned on when any single battery in the energy storage system has thermal runaway, and then the thermal runaway smoke treated with alkaline solution is transported to the smoke exhaust pipe 22 by the smoke pipeline 21, and the igniter 23 ignites the thermal runaway smoke discharged from the smoke exhaust pipe 22. The igniter 23 can be turned on by a trigger 24, or by a BMS (battery management system). When turned on by the trigger 24, the trigger 24 can be a sensor of different structures, which can be set in the smoke exhaust pipe 22 or on the smoke pipeline 21, and real-time detection of parameters such as temperature, pressure or gas volume fraction can be performed. When the set threshold is exceeded, a signal can be sent to start the igniter 23. Specifically, the trigger 24 can be at least one of a pressure sensor, a gas sensor, an airflow sensor or a temperature sensor. When activated by the trigger 24, a flame arrester 25 can also be provided on the exhaust pipe 22. The flame arrester 25 is preferably a pipeline flame arrester, which is used to prevent the flame from being transmitted downward through the exhaust pipe and damaging the trigger 24 and other devices. When turned on by the BMS, the BMS monitors the voltage, current and temperature of each battery in the energy storage system in real time. When any battery has thermal runaway, the voltage, current and temperature exceed the threshold, the igniter 23 is activated.

[0085] The above-mentioned igniter 23 can have various structures, for example, the existing arc igniter or resistance wire igniter can be specifically used. The arc igniter can specifically use a pulse igniter, and the power supply method of the igniter can use dry batteries or alternating current according to the on-site environment. If an arc igniter is used, the arc igniter is installed at the top of the exhaust pipe 22. When the trigger 24 detects that there is thermal runaway smoke in the exhaust pipe 22, a signal is fed back to the control circuit board of the arc igniter. The control circuit board connects the dry battery and the booster coil. After the booster coil increases the voltage, the air between the arc generating heads in the arc igniter, which are very close to each other, is ionized to form an arc, igniting the residual thermal runaway smoke. If a resistance wire igniter is used, the resistance wire igniter is installed at the top of the exhaust pipe 22. When the trigger 24 detects that there is thermal runaway smoke in the exhaust pipe 22, a signal is given to the resistance wire igniter. The resistance wire of the resistance wire igniter is rapidly heated to the combustible temperature of the gas, and then the residual thermal runaway smoke is ignited.

[0086] Example 4

[0087] If multiple batteries in the energy storage system experience thermal runaway and generate a large amount of thermal runaway flue gas, multiple groups of ignition components need to be set up to treat the thermal runaway flue gas. At this time, on the basis of Example 3, an adsorption process of the adsorption medium can be added, and the residual gas after the alkaline solution treatment is treated by the adsorption medium, and then ignited. The adsorption medium treats part of the gas in the residual thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can be completely treated by using fewer ignition components in the subsequent process.

[0088] like Figure 3 As shown, the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in this embodiment is similar to Example 3. The difference from Example 3 is that the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in this embodiment also includes an adsorption pipeline 3 arranged between the flue gas outlet 14 of the above-mentioned treatment tank body 1 and the flue gas pipeline 21. The adsorption pipeline 3 is filled with an adsorption medium for treating the residual gas after the treatment of the treatment tank body 1.

[0089] The adsorption pipeline 3 can be specifically a slender pipeline filled with an adsorption medium, and the slender pipeline extends the adsorption path of the adsorption medium, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can fully contact and react with the adsorption medium in the slender pipeline. When specifically connected, the end of the slender pipeline is provided with a thread, one end of which is connected to the flue gas outlet 14 of the treatment tank body 1 or to the second one-way valve 17, and the other end is connected to the flue gas pipeline 21.

[0090] The adsorption pipeline 3 is filled with an adsorption medium, which is specifically activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate or porous glass, etc., and is used to treat the residual gas after the treatment tank 1 is treated, for example, to adsorb excess H2, CO, methane, etc. Since the alkalinity in the treatment tank 1 has treated the thermal runaway flue gas, the amount of adsorption medium filled in the adsorption pipeline 3 can be greatly reduced at this time, so that the treatment cost of the thermal runaway flue gas is greatly reduced.

Claims

1. A thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, characterized in that: It includes at least one processing tank and an ignition unit; The treatment tank body is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet; the treatment tank body is filled with a 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkaline solution for reacting the electrolyte and part of the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery; the treatment tank body is provided with a dispersing component for dispersing and diverting the thermal runaway flue gas entering the treatment tank body; The ignition unit is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas after being treated with an alkaline solution.

2. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alkaline solution in the treatment tank is a 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH solution.

3. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alkaline solution in the treatment tank is a 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution.

4. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first one-way valve is arranged at the smoke inlet of the treatment tank body, and a second one-way valve is arranged at the smoke outlet.

5. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A porous plate is also provided on the top of the cavity of the processing tank.

6. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The ignition unit includes a flue gas pipeline and at least one set of ignition components, wherein the flue gas pipeline is connected to the flue gas outlet of the treatment tank; the ignition component includes a smoke exhaust pipe and an igniter, wherein the smoke exhaust pipe is connected to the flue gas pipeline, and the igniter is used to ignite the thermal runaway smoke discharged from the smoke exhaust pipe.

7. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes an adsorption pipeline connected between the smoke outlet of the treatment tank and the smoke pipeline inlet, and the adsorption pipeline is filled with adsorption medium.

8. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The adsorption medium is activated carbon.

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