Horizontal lathe for machining inner hole key groove

Abstract

The utility model provides a horizontal lathe used for machining an inner hole key groove, which comprises an indexing clamp, the indexing clamp comprises an indexing body, the indexing body is connected with a main shaft of the horizontal lathe, and first meshing teeth are arranged on the outer edge of one side, deviating from the main shaft, of the indexing body; the dividing ruler ring and the dividing body are adjacently arranged in the extending direction of the main shaft, second meshing teeth are arranged on the outer edge of the side, facing the dividing body, of the dividing ruler ring, the dividing ruler is rotatably arranged around the central axis of the dividing ruler ring, and the dividing ruler ring is detachably connected with a workpiece to be machined; third meshing teeth are arranged on the inner side of the inner fixed ruler ring, the inner fixed ruler ring is arranged on the radial outer side of the indexing body, and the inner fixed ruler ring is arranged on the radial outer side of the indexing ruler ring. The problem that in the prior art, key grooves are inconvenient to machine in inner holes is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of inner hole keyway processing equipment, in particular to a horizontal lathe used for processing inner hole keyways. Background Art

[0002] In the prior art (CN108067838A), a technical solution is disclosed in which a boring machine spindle drives a tool to bore an inner hole keyway. The solution uses a milling cutter to mill the keyway width and keyway depth. The milling cutter is set on the boring machine spindle through a right-angle milling head. The rotating spindle of the milling cutter is 90° with the boring machine spindle, and the milling cutter feeds toward the bottom surface of the keyway in a direction perpendicular to the bottom surface of the keyway. In the prior art (CN114406336A), a method for processing the inner hole keyway of a slender cylindrical part is disclosed. The method is mainly a planing method. The planing method is to fix the workpiece on the working platform of the planing machine through a special fixture, and the extended tool bar designed to fix the planing cutter passes through the inner hole of the workpiece, and the extended tool bar meets the fixed condition. The control system controls the fixture to drive the workpiece to move up and down relative to the extended tool bar to realize the cutting movement of feeding and retracting in the direction of the axis of the inner hole of the workpiece. The above two existing solutions not only have low production efficiency, but also have complicated operation processes for machining inner keyways. At present, the industry needs other inner keyway machining equipment and solutions with higher quality, new, simpler and more convenient operation. By machining inner keyways on lathes, various through-hole workpieces can be machined with inner keyways, which has the characteristics of simple and convenient operation, stable machining quality and high production efficiency. However, how to index the inner keyway of the workpiece and how to machine the inner keyway of the workpiece have become technical problems that need to be solved urgently. Utility Model Content

[0003] The main purpose of the utility model is to provide a horizontal lathe for machining an inner hole keyway, so as to solve the problem of inconvenience in machining the keyway of the inner hole in the prior art.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the utility model, a horizontal lathe for processing an inner hole keyway is provided, comprising a dividing fixture, the dividing fixture comprising: a dividing body, the dividing body is connected to the main shaft of the horizontal lathe, and the outer edge of the dividing body on the side away from the main shaft is provided with a first meshing tooth; a dividing scale ring, the dividing scale ring and the dividing body are arranged adjacent to each other along the extension direction of the main shaft, the outer edge of the dividing scale ring on the side facing the dividing body is provided with a second meshing tooth, the dividing scale is rotatably arranged around its own central axis, and the dividing scale ring is detachably connected to a workpiece to be processed; an inner fixed scale ring, the inner side of the inner fixed scale ring is provided with a third meshing tooth, the inner fixed scale ring is arranged on the radial outer side of the dividing body, the inner fixed scale ring is arranged on the radial outer side of the dividing scale ring, the inner fixed scale ring has a working position in which the third meshing tooth is meshed with both the first meshing tooth and the second meshing tooth, and the inner fixed scale ring has an exit position in which the third meshing tooth is disengaged from at least one of the first meshing tooth and the second meshing tooth.

[0005] Furthermore, the indexing fixture also includes: a indexing chuck, a dividing scale ring connected to the indexing chuck, the indexing chuck is detachably connected to the workpiece, and the indexing chuck is rotatably arranged around its own central axis.

[0006] Furthermore, a shoulder is formed on one side of the dividing body facing the dividing scale ring, and the dividing scale ring has an inner hole, and a clearance fit is formed between the shoulder and the inner hole. The dividing fixture also includes a pressure plate ring, which is used to provide a clamping force along the extension direction of the main axis to the dividing body and the dividing scale ring so that the dividing body and the dividing scale ring are crimped together, and the pressure plate ring is connected to the dividing body by screws.

[0007] Further, the indexing fixture comprises a locking ring, which is arranged on a side of the indexing body close to the main shaft, and a limiting space with an opening toward the radial outer side of the indexing body is formed between the locking ring and the indexing body, and the inner fixed scale ring comprises: an engaging portion, the extending direction of the engaging portion is parallel to the extending direction of the main shaft, and the surface of the engaging portion facing the center side of the inner fixed scale ring is provided with third engaging teeth, the engaging portion is located on the radial outer side of the indexing body, and the engaging portion is located on the radial outer side of the indexing scale ring; an extending portion, one end of the extending portion is connected to the engaging portion, and the other end of the extending portion is extended toward the radial inner side of the inner fixed scale ring, and when the inner fixed scale ring is located in the working position, at least a part of the extending portion is located in the limiting space through the opening.

[0008] Furthermore, the dividing body is arranged to coincide with the central axis of the dividing scale ring, and the distance from the first meshing tooth to the central axis is equal to the distance from the second meshing tooth to the central axis.

[0009] Furthermore, a plurality of first scoring lines are evenly spaced on the outer circumference of the graduated scale ring, a plurality of second scoring lines are evenly spaced on the outer circumference of the inner fixed scale ring, and the plurality of first scoring lines are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of second scoring lines.

[0010] Furthermore, the module and the number of teeth of the first meshing teeth are correspondingly equal to the module and the number of teeth of the second meshing teeth, and the module and the number of teeth of the second meshing teeth are correspondingly equal to the module and the number of teeth of the third meshing teeth.

[0011] Furthermore, the horizontal lathe includes a processing tool, which is used to process the end of the workpiece away from the dividing fixture. The processing tool includes: a tool holder body, a clamping hole is provided in the tool holder body, and the central axis of the clamping hole coincides with the central axis of the spindle; a tool, part of the tool is installed in the clamping hole, and the tool is movably arranged relative to the clamping hole along the central axis of the clamping hole.

[0012] Furthermore, the machining tool also includes: a locking screw, which passes through a through hole on the side wall of the tool holder body and extends into the clamping hole, and the bottom of the locking screw abuts against a part of the tool located in the clamping hole.

[0013] Furthermore, an adjustment gasket is provided between a portion of the tool located in the clamping hole and an inner wall of the clamping hole.

[0014] By applying the technical solution of the utility model, the transmission coupling and disengagement of the indexing body and the indexing ring is realized through the internal fixed scale ring. When the indexing body and the indexing ring are coupled in transmission, the two drive the workpiece to rotate as the main shaft rotates. When the indexing body and the indexing ring are disengaged in transmission, by turning the indexing ring and turning it through the required angle, a line division is completed to realize the indexing of the keyway, thereby solving the indexing problem of machining the inner hole keyway using a lathe, and finally achieving the improvement of the machining efficiency and convenience of the inner hole keyway. The technical solution of the application solves the problem of the inconvenience of machining the keyway of the inner hole in the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The drawings constituting part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present invention. In the drawings:

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a horizontal lathe for machining an inner keyway according to the utility model for machining a long workpiece is shown;

[0017] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a graduation fixture according to the utility model is shown;

[0018] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a machining tool according to the utility model is shown;

[0019] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a horizontal lathe for machining an inner keyway according to the utility model for straight-cutting a workpiece is shown;

[0020] Figure 5 A structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a headstock control scheme for a horizontal lathe according to the utility model is shown;

[0021] Figure 6 A schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a transmission route control scheme for a horizontal lathe according to the utility model is shown.

[0022] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0023] 1. Spindle box; 11. Spindle four-stage speed change handle; 12. Spindle six-stage speed change handle; 13. Rotation control handle;

[0024] 2. Indexing fixture; 21. Indexing chuck; 22. Indexing chuck connecting bolt; 23. Screw; 24. Pressure plate ring; 25. Indexing scale ring; 26. Internal fixed scale ring; 261. Engaging part; 262. Extension part; 27. Locking ring; 28. Indexing body;

[0025] 3. Wooden bevel positioning block; 4. Rigid positioning pad; 5. Workpiece; 6. Workpiece positioning support frame;

[0026] 7. Processing tool; 70. Tool holder body; 71. Locking screw; 73. Tool; 74. Adjusting shim;

[0027] 8. Lathe tool holder;

[0028] 100, first meshing tooth;

[0029] 200, second meshing tooth;

[0030] 300. Third meshing tooth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0032] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0033] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, for example. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0034] Now, exemplary embodiments according to the present application will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments may be implemented in a variety of different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure of the present application thorough and complete, and to fully convey the concepts of these exemplary embodiments to those of ordinary skill in the art. In the accompanying drawings, for the sake of clarity, the thickness of the layers and regions may be enlarged, and the same reference numerals are used to represent the same devices, and thus their descriptions will be omitted.

[0035] There is a problem of inconvenience in processing keyways for inner holes in the prior art. The inconvenience in processing keyways for inner holes refers to the low efficiency and long time of processing using boring machines or planers on the one hand, and on the other hand, it refers to the problem that small and medium-sized enterprises may lack equipment for processing inner hole keyways, resulting in inconvenience in cutting and processing inner hole keyways and splines. Since horizontal lathes have the advantages of simple operation and multiple application scenarios, this application uses a technical solution for processing inner hole keyways through the motorized feed motion of the horizontal lathe transmission system. This technical solution can not only process blind hole keyways on the ports of ultra-long shaft workpieces, but also process the inner hole keyways of various through-hole workpieces. It has the characteristics of simple and convenient operation, stable processing quality and high production efficiency. At the same time, it is also an expansion and supplement to the processing range of slotting inner hole keyways by slotting machines. It is especially suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises to solve the technical problem that inner hole keyways and splines cannot be cut and processed due to the lack of equipment for processing inner hole keyways.

[0036] Horizontal lathe is a metal processing machine tool, mainly used for processing large, heavy, long workpieces, such as shafts, wheels, flywheels, ball nuts, etc. It is named because the workpiece is placed horizontally on the machine tool for processing, and the workpiece can rotate on the workbench of the machine tool, and the processing tool can also move in the horizontal direction to complete the processing task.

[0037] A horizontal lathe usually consists of a spindle, a worktable, a bed, a tool holder, a feed system, and a control system. The spindle is responsible for rotating the workpiece, and the workpiece on the worktable is clamped on a chuck or center and can be rotated. The bed is the main body that supports the entire machine tool structure, the tool holder is used to fix and operate the cutting tool, the feed system is responsible for controlling the feed speed and direction of the cutting tool, and the control system is used to control the operation of the entire lathe.

[0038] Horizontal lathe has the following features and advantages:

[0039] Wide processing range: suitable for processing large, heavy, and long workpieces, and can meet the processing needs of various workpieces.

[0040] High processing precision: The use of advanced control systems and tool technology can achieve high-precision processing and ensure the quality and dimensional accuracy of the workpiece.

[0041] High production efficiency: Since horizontal lathes usually have a large processing capacity and can complete most processing procedures at one time, they have high production efficiency.

[0042] Long tool life: Horizontal lathes usually use tools and tool fixing systems with good rigidity to ensure the stability and life of the tools.

[0043] Easy to operate: The operation of a horizontal lathe is relatively simple, and the operator only needs to make simple adjustments and settings to complete the processing task. A machine tool indexing fixture is a device used to rotate a workpiece on a machine tool and keep it at a specific angle. It is often used in jobs that require rotation processing, part segmentation, or multi-faceted processing, and can achieve high-precision angle positioning and indexing processing. The following is an introduction to machine tool indexing fixtures:

[0044] The machine tool indexing fixture uses gear transmission or other mechanical structures to lock the workpiece at a specific angular position during the rotation process. It fixes the workpiece or workpiece fixture, then rotates the workpiece to the required angular position through a mechanism and locks the workpiece in this position for processing or other operations. Machine tool indexing fixtures are widely used in various jobs that require rotation processing or specific angle positioning, such as: for dividing a workpiece into multiple parts or cutting at a specific angle.

[0045] It has the following advantages: 1. High precision: The machine tool indexing fixture can achieve high-precision angle positioning and indexing processing, ensuring the quality and dimensional accuracy of the processed parts; 2. High efficiency: Through the machine tool indexing fixture, the automatic or semi-automatic processing process can be realized, improving production efficiency and processing speed; 3. Flexibility: The machine tool indexing fixture has strong applicability, can adapt to workpieces of various shapes and sizes, and can realize a variety of processing methods.

[0046] Combination Figures 1 to 6 As shown, according to a specific embodiment of the present application, a horizontal lathe for machining an inner hole keyway is provided, including a dividing fixture, the dividing fixture including: a dividing body 28, the dividing body 28 is connected to the main shaft of the horizontal lathe, and the outer edge of the dividing body 28 on the side away from the main shaft is provided with a first meshing tooth 100; a dividing scale ring 25, the dividing scale ring 25 and the dividing body 28 are arranged adjacent to each other along the extension direction of the main shaft, the outer edge of the dividing scale ring 25 on the side facing the dividing body 28 is provided with a second meshing tooth 200, the dividing scale ring 25 is rotatably arranged around its own central axis, and the dividing scale ring 25 is arranged to rotate around its own central axis. The inner fixed scale ring 25 is detachably connected to the workpiece 5 to be processed; the inner fixed scale ring 26 is provided with a third meshing tooth 300 on the inner side thereof; the inner fixed scale ring 26 is provided on the radial outer side of the indexing body 28; the inner fixed scale ring 26 is provided on the radial outer side of the indexing scale ring 25; the inner fixed scale ring 26 has a working position in which the third meshing tooth 300 is meshed with both the first meshing tooth 100 and the second meshing tooth 200; and the inner fixed scale ring 26 has a withdrawal position in which the third meshing tooth 300 is disengaged from at least one of the first meshing tooth 100 and the second meshing tooth 200.

[0047] By applying the technical solution of the utility model, the transmission coupling and disengagement of the indexing body 28 and the indexing ring 25 are realized through the internal fixed scale ring 26. When the indexing body 28 and the indexing ring 25 are transmission coupled, the two drive the workpiece to rotate as the main shaft rotates. When the indexing body 28 and the indexing ring 25 are transmission disengaged, by turning the indexing ring 25 and turning the required angle, a line division is completed to realize the indexing of the keyway, thereby solving the indexing problem of machining the inner hole keyway using a lathe, and finally achieving the improvement of the machining efficiency and machining convenience of the inner hole keyway. The technical solution of the application solves the problem of the inconvenience of machining the keyway of the inner hole in the prior art.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, the indexing fixture further includes: an indexing chuck 21, a dividing scale ring 25 connected to the indexing chuck 21, the indexing chuck 21 is detachably connected to the workpiece 5, and the indexing chuck 21 is rotatably arranged around its own central axis.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, a shoulder is formed on one side of the dividing body 28 facing the dividing scale ring 25, and the dividing scale ring 25 has an inner hole, and a clearance fit is formed between the shoulder and the inner hole. The dividing fixture also includes a pressure plate ring 24, which is used to provide a clamping force along the extension direction of the main axis to the dividing body 28 and the dividing scale ring 25 so that the dividing body 28 and the dividing scale ring 25 are crimped together. The pressure plate ring 24 is connected to the dividing body 28 by screws 23.

[0050] Specifically, the indexing fixture includes a locking ring 27, which is arranged on a side of the indexing body 28 close to the main shaft, and a limiting space with an opening facing the radial outer side of the indexing body 28 is formed between the locking ring 27 and the indexing body 28. The inner fixed scale ring 26 includes: a meshing portion 261, the extending direction of the meshing portion 261 is parallel to the extending direction of the main shaft, and the surface of the meshing portion 261 facing the center of the inner fixed scale ring 26 is provided with third meshing teeth 300, the meshing portion 261 is located on the radial outer side of the indexing body 28, and the meshing portion 261 is located on the radial outer side of the indexing scale ring 25; an extending portion 262, one end of the extending portion 262 is connected to the meshing portion 261, and the other end of the extending portion 262 is extended toward the radial inner side of the inner fixed scale ring 26. When the inner fixed scale ring 26 is in the working position, at least a part of the extending portion 262 is located in the limiting space through the opening. Through the above arrangement, the inner fixed ruler ring 26 is locked by the locking ring 27 when in the working position, so as to avoid affecting the transmission accuracy. Meanwhile, the formation of the limiting space also facilitates the positioning and guiding of the inner fixed ruler ring 26 .

[0051] Preferably, the dividing body 28 is arranged to coincide with the central axis of the dividing scale ring 25, and the distance from the first meshing tooth 100 to the central axis is equal to the distance from the second meshing tooth 200 to the central axis. This arrangement can ensure smooth transmission and facilitate operation.

[0052] Furthermore, a plurality of first scoring lines are evenly spaced on the outer circumference of the graduated scale ring 25, and a plurality of second scoring lines are evenly spaced on the outer circumference of the inner fixed scale ring 26, and the plurality of first scoring lines are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of second scoring lines. The first scoring lines allow engineers to intuitively determine the rotation angle of the workpiece. The one-to-one correspondence between the first scoring lines and the second scoring lines can help operators more accurately determine the relative position of the graduated scale ring and the fixed gear ring. This ensures that when adjusting the angle, the workpiece or tool can be accurately positioned at the desired angle position, thereby improving the processing accuracy.

[0053] The corresponding marking lines make it easier for operators to find any deviation or error between the scale ring and the fixed gear ring. Once the error is found, it can be corrected in time to ensure the precision and accuracy of the processing.

[0054] In an optional embodiment, the present application provides a lathe motorized feeding inner hole spline groove indexing fixture to solve the indexing problem of inner hole spline groove machining. Figure 2As shown, the indexing fixture is mainly composed of an indexing chuck 21, an indexing chuck connecting bolt 22, a screw 23, a pressure plate ring 24, a scale ring 25, an inner fixed scale ring 26, a locking ring 27, and an indexing body 28. The inner hole of the indexing body 28 has an M90×6-LH internal thread for connecting with the same type of external thread of the lathe spindle. The inner fixed scale ring 26, the indexing body 28 and the indexing scale ring 25 are meshed with each other through gears (the inner fixed scale ring 26, the indexing body 28, and the indexing scale ring 25 have the same internal and external tooth profiles, all with a module m=0.5 and a number of teeth z=360.) and are locked with the M134×1.5 internal thread on the locking ring 27. The inner hole of the indexing ring 25 and the shoulder of the indexing body 28 are matched with clearance, and the pressure plate ring 24 is used to fix it axially. The outer surface of the indexing ring 25 is engraved with 360 equally divided scale lines corresponding to the 360 ​​teeth one by one, in order to facilitate observation and counting during indexing rotation. The outer surface of the internal fixed scale ring 26 is also engraved with one or several equally divided scale lines corresponding to the scale lines of the indexing ring 25 one by one, and similarly, it is used as a reference for calculating the number of teeth of the rotating gear of the indexing ring. The indexing fixture is connected to the lathe spindle through the M90×6-LH internal thread on the indexing body 28. When indexing, withdraw the internal fixed scale ring 26 to disengage it from the indexing scale ring 25, and then turn the indexing chuck 21, which rotates together with the workpiece 5. Observe the engraved lines on the indexing scale ring 25. When it turns to the required angle, push in the internal fixed scale ring 26 and lock it with the locking ring 27. This completes one indexing, and so on, until all spline grooves are indexed.

[0055] Furthermore, the module and the number of teeth of the first meshing tooth 100 are correspondingly equal to the module and the number of teeth of the second meshing tooth 200 , and the module and the number of teeth of the second meshing tooth 200 are correspondingly equal to the module and the number of teeth of the third meshing tooth 300 .

[0056] By setting the module and the number of teeth equal, the transmission ratio between each meshing gear in the transmission system can be ensured to be stable. This means that the speed ratio between the input shaft and the output shaft remains constant, making the performance of the transmission system more reliable and stable.

[0057] When meshing gears with equal module and number of teeth are in operation, the meshing area is equal, and the pressure and torque during meshing are evenly distributed, thereby reducing the vibration and noise of the transmission system and improving the smoothness of the transmission.

[0058] The transmission efficiency between each meshing gear in the transmission system is affected by the meshing area. By setting equal modulus and number of teeth, the meshing area can be kept consistent, thereby improving transmission efficiency and reducing energy loss.

[0059] Meshing gears with equal modules and numbers of teeth have similar geometries and sizes, which simplifies and unifies the design and manufacturing process. In addition, such a design also facilitates the replacement and maintenance of spare parts.

[0060] The cost of the transmission system may be reduced due to the simplification of the design and manufacturing process and the unification of similar components. In addition, the stable transmission ratio and improved efficiency can also reduce the operating cost of the system.

[0061] Further, the horizontal lathe includes a machining tool, which is used to machine one end of the workpiece 5 away from the indexing fixture, and the machining tool includes: a tool holder body 70, a clamping hole is provided in the tool holder body 70, and the central axis of the clamping hole coincides with the central axis of the spindle; a tool 73, a part of the tool 73 is installed in the clamping hole, and the tool 73 is movably arranged relative to the clamping hole along the central axis of the clamping hole. By installing the tool in the tool holder body, it can be ensured that the installation position of the tool coincides with the central axis of the spindle, thereby achieving accurate alignment and positioning of the machining tool and the workpiece, and improving the machining accuracy. The tool is movably arranged relative to the clamping hole along the central axis of the clamping hole, so that the operator can flexibly adjust the position and machining parameters of the tool to meet the machining requirements of different workpieces, and improve the flexibility and adaptability of the machining. With such a design, the complex structure of manufacturing and installing the machining tool separately can be avoided, and the manufacturing cost is saved. At the same time, since the tool can be moved in the clamping hole, the demand for machining tools of various specifications is also reduced, and the spare parts cost is reduced. Integrating the machining tool into the tool holder body reduces the extra parts and structures on the machine tool, saves the space of the machine tool, and makes the machine tool structure more simple and compact. The machining tool is installed in the tool holder body, avoiding the safety hazards caused by the exposed tool, reducing the risk of injury to the operator, and improving work safety.

[0062] Furthermore, the machining tool also includes: a locking screw 71, which passes through a through hole on the side wall of the tool holder body 70 and extends into the clamping hole, and the bottom of the locking screw 71 abuts against a part of the tool 73 located in the clamping hole.

[0063] In an optional embodiment, the present application provides a lathe motorized feeding inner keyway machining tool holder body to solve the tool rotation problem of machining inner keyways in two different tool mounting methods. Figure 3 As shown, the machining tool 7 is mainly composed of a tool locking screw 71, a tool 73 and an adjusting gasket 74. The right end of the tool holder body 70 can be clamped on the lathe tool holder, and the tool 73 and the adjusting gasket 74 are respectively installed in the square through hole of the tool holder body 70. The tool 73 can be adjusted in the square hole of the tool holder body in terms of tool length direction and tool main cutting edge direction. After adjusting the center height of the tool 73 with the adjusting gasket 74, the tool is locked with the locking screw 71.

[0064] Furthermore, an adjustment shim 74 is provided between the portion of the tool 73 located in the clamping hole and the inner wall of the clamping hole. The adjustment shim can provide a small gap between the tool and the clamping hole, so that the tool can be adjusted and positioned more accurately. By increasing or decreasing the number or thickness of the adjustment shims, the position of the tool can be fine-tuned to achieve the desired processing size and accuracy.

[0065] Adjusting the setting of the shim can help reduce the friction and wear between the tool and the clamping hole, thereby reducing vibration and deformation during processing and improving the stability and quality of processing. Adjusting the shim can buffer and protect the tool, reduce direct contact between the tool and the clamping hole, extend the service life of the tool, reduce the frequency of tool replacement and maintenance, and save cost and time. Since the gap between the machining tool and the clamping hole can be adjusted by adjusting the shim, it can better adapt to workpieces of different sizes and shapes, improving the flexibility and adaptability of processing. Adjusting the setting of the shim can make the adjustment and replacement of the tool simpler and more convenient. When the tool needs to be replaced or maintenance is required, it can be completed by simply adjusting the number or thickness of the shims, reducing the time and cost of maintenance.

[0066] like Figure 6 As shown, the present application provides a control method for disengaging the transmission chain of the main motion (spindle rotation) of a lathe to solve the problem that the spindle fixture of the lathe rotates and drives the workpiece to rotate together. The control scheme for disengaging the transmission chain of the main motion (spindle rotation) of the lathe is as follows: motor drive → pulley transmission pair → spindle box I axis → clutch neutral position → spindle stop → workpiece stop.

[0067] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the present application provides a control method for maintaining the lathe motorized feed motion (tool motorized slotting motion) when the lathe spindle rotation motion is disengaged, so as to solve the problem that the tool relies on the motorized feed motion transmission chain to motorizedly process the inner hole keyway. Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the control scheme for realizing the motorized feeding motion of the lathe (motorized feeding slotting motion of the tool) is: motor drive → pulley transmission pair → spindle box → exchange gear box → feed box → smooth bar (or lead screw) → slide box → tool holder feed → tool feed. Figure 5As shown, the control method that can control the lathe spindle to stop and maintain the lathe's motorized feed motion at the same time must meet three conditions at the same time: first, the four-stage speed change handle 11 of the spindle outside the lathe spindle box must be placed in the spindle low-speed neutral position (there is only one placement position, and the placement position cannot be selected); second, the six-stage speed change handle 12 of the spindle outside the lathe spindle box can be placed at any non-neutral position of the spindle (there are 6 placement positions, and the placement position can be selected); third, the external rotation control handle 13 of the lathe spindle box must be placed in the right-handed increased pitch position (there is only one placement position, and the placement position cannot be selected). The above three conditions must be implemented simultaneously, otherwise, it is impossible to achieve both controlling the lathe spindle to stop and maintaining the normal operation of the lathe's motorized feed motion transmission chain at the same time.

[0068] The present invention provides a method for machining an inner keyway by motorized feeding of a lathe, which is realized according to the above-mentioned lathe transmission system regulation, spline groove indexing fixture and adjustable tool holder body. There are two specific implementation methods for machining an inner keyway by motorized feeding of a lathe, which are:

[0069] Straight cutting method for inner keyway: Straight cutting method for inner keyway is also called profile cutting method, which is suitable for processing the keyway with inner keyway width less than 12mm. Figure 4 As shown, first, one end of the workpiece 5 is clamped on the indexing chuck 21 of the indexing fixture (a slender shaft workpiece with a diameter less than 50 mm can be installed by passing through the center hole of the lathe spindle), and the other end of the workpiece 5 is installed on the workpiece positioning support frame 6, and the center height of the workpiece positioning support frame 6 is adjusted. At the same time, a dial indicator is used to align the workpiece axis with the lathe spindle axis, and then the rigid positioning washer 4 and two wooden bevel positioning blocks 3 are used to wedge the indexing chuck 21. Under the action of the oblique wedge force of the two wooden bevel positioning blocks 3, the indexing chuck 21 can be accurately positioned to prevent the indexing chuck 21 from displacement during the inner hole keyway processing of the workpiece.

[0070] Second, install one end of the tool holder body on the lathe tool holder 8 so that the main cutting edge of the tool 73 faces the operator, and use the adjusting gasket 74 to adjust the center height of the tool so that the center line of the main cutting edge of the tool and the axis of the workpiece are in the same horizontal plane, and tighten the tool 73.

[0071] Third, after the machine tool is powered on, start the machine tool and use any of the two transmission chains (light bar transmission or lead screw transmission) of the lathe feed motion transmission control system to realize the motorized feeding processing of the inner hole keyway. The selection of the tool feed amount can refer to the selected transmission chain mode and the feed nameplate of the lathe feed box. The width of the keyway is directly controlled by the width of the tool 73, and the depth of the keyway is controlled by the feed scale line of the slide in the lathe. The keyway is repeatedly fed and retracted by the tool to complete the first keyway processing. When processing the inner hole spline groove, the dividing fixture 2 can be used for indexing and then processed again.

[0072] The expansion and cutting method of the inner hole keyway: The expansion and cutting method of the inner hole keyway is also called the front and back cutting method of the inner hole keyway, which is suitable for processing the keyway with a width greater than 12mm. First, clamp the keyway-free end of the narrow keyway workpiece 5 with a width less than 12mm that has been pre-rough-machined on the indexing chuck 21 of the indexing fixture 2 (the slender shaft workpiece with a diameter less than 50mm can be installed through the center hole of the lathe spindle), and install one end of the narrow keyway of the workpiece 5 on the workpiece positioning support frame 6, so that the narrow keyway opening is placed vertically upward, adjust the center height of the workpiece positioning support frame 6, and use a dial indicator to align the workpiece axis with the lathe spindle axis. Then use the rigid positioning pad 4 and two wooden bevel positioning blocks 3 to wedge the indexing chuck 21. Under the action of the bevel wedge force of the two wooden bevel positioning blocks 3, the indexing chuck 21 can be accurately positioned to prevent the workpiece from displacement during the inner hole keyway processing.

[0073] Second, install one end of the tool holder body on the lathe tool holder 8, let the main cutting edge of the tool 73 face downward, that is, the main cutting edge of the insert is facing the direction of the lathe guide rail, use the adjusting shim 74 to adjust the center height of the tool, so that the main cutting edge of the tool is at the same height as the bottom of the pre-machined keyway, and the center line of the main cutting edge of the tool and the axis of the workpiece are in the same vertical plane, and tighten the tool 73.

[0074] Third, after the machine tool is powered on, start the machine tool and use any of the two transmission chains (light bar transmission or lead screw transmission) of the lathe feed motion transmission control system to realize the motorized feeding processing of the inner hole keyway. The selection of the tool feed amount can refer to the selected transmission chain mode and the feed nameplate of the lathe feed box. The width of the keyway is controlled by the scale line on the slide dial of the lathe. The keyway is fed and retracted repeatedly by the tool motorized feeding to complete the first keyway processing. When processing the spline groove, similarly, use the dividing fixture 2 to divide the line and then process it.

[0075] From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the utility model achieve the following technical effects:

[0076] The present application relates to a mechanical transmission system control method for machining inner keyway (spline groove) by motorized feeding of a lathe, an indexing fixture structure for inner spline groove, an adjustable structure of a cutting tool holder body, and a method for using and processing the same. More specifically, it is a technical solution for machining inner keyway by motorized feeding of a horizontal lathe transmission system, and in particular, it relates to a control method for disengaging the transmission chain of the main motion (spindle rotation motion) of the lathe and a control method for maintaining the motorized feeding motion of the tool (motorized slotting motion of the tool), an indexing fixture structure for inner spline groove, an adjustable structure of a cutting tool holder body, and a method for using and processing the same.

[0077] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0078] In addition to the above, it should be noted that "one embodiment", "another embodiment", "embodiment", etc. mentioned in this specification refer to the specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment included in at least one embodiment generally described in this application. The same expression appearing in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Further, when describing a specific feature, structure or characteristic in conjunction with any embodiment, it is claimed that the realization of such feature, structure or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of the present utility model.

[0079] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0080] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model, and is not intended to limit the utility model. For those skilled in the art, the utility model can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the utility model shall be included in the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A horizontal lathe for machining an inner keyway, comprising a dividing fixture, characterized in that: The indexing fixture comprises: A dividing body (28), the dividing body (28) being connected to the main shaft of the horizontal lathe, and a first meshing tooth (100) being arranged on an outer edge of the dividing body (28) on a side facing away from the main shaft; a scale ring (25), the scale ring (25) and the indexing body (28) being arranged adjacent to each other along the extension direction of the main axis, the outer edge of the scale ring (25) on one side facing the indexing body (28) being provided with second meshing teeth (200), the scale ring (25) being rotatable around its own central axis, and the scale ring (25) being detachably connected to a workpiece (5) to be processed; An inner fixed ruler ring (26), wherein the inner side of the inner fixed ruler ring (26) is provided with a third meshing tooth (300), the inner fixed ruler ring (26) is arranged on the radial outer side of the indexing body (28), the inner fixed ruler ring (26) is arranged on the radial outer side of the indexing ruler ring (25), the inner fixed ruler ring (26) has a working position in which the third meshing tooth (300) is meshed with both the first meshing tooth (100) and the second meshing tooth (200), and the inner fixed ruler ring (26) has a withdrawal position in which the third meshing tooth (300) is disengaged from at least one of the first meshing tooth (100) and the second meshing tooth (200).

2. The horizontal lathe for machining inner keyway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The indexing fixture further comprises: a indexing chuck (21), the indexing scale ring (25) is connected to the indexing chuck (21), the indexing chuck (21) is detachably connected to the workpiece (5), and the indexing chuck (21) is rotatably arranged around its own central axis.

3. The horizontal lathe for machining inner keyway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dividing body (28) forms a shoulder on one side facing the dividing scale ring (25); the dividing scale ring (25) has an inner hole; a clearance fit is formed between the shoulder and the inner hole; the dividing fixture further comprises a pressure plate ring (24); the pressure plate ring (24) is used to provide a pressing force along the extension direction of the main axis to the dividing body (28) and the dividing scale ring (25) so that the dividing body (28) and the dividing scale ring (25) are crimped together; the pressure plate ring (24) is connected to the dividing body (28) by a screw (23).

4. The horizontal lathe for machining inner keyway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The indexing fixture comprises a locking ring (27), the locking ring (27) being arranged on a side of the indexing body (28) close to the main shaft, a limiting space having an opening toward the radial outer side of the indexing body (28) is formed between the locking ring (27) and the indexing body (28), and the inner fixed ruler ring (26) comprises: a meshing portion (261), the extending direction of the meshing portion (261) being parallel to the extending direction of the main axis, the surface of the meshing portion (261) facing the center side of the inner fixed scale ring (26) being provided with the third meshing teeth (300), the meshing portion (261) being located radially outside the dividing body (28), and the meshing portion (261) being located radially outside the dividing scale ring (25); An extension portion (262), one end of the extension portion (262) is connected to the meshing portion (261), and the other end of the extension portion (262) is extended toward the radial inner side of the inner fixed ruler ring (26), and when the inner fixed ruler ring (26) is located in the working position, at least a portion of the extension portion (262) is located in the limiting space through the opening.

5. The horizontal lathe for machining inner keyway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dividing body (28) is arranged to coincide with the central axis of the dividing scale ring (25), and the distance from the first meshing tooth (100) to the central axis is equal to the distance from the second meshing tooth (200) to the central axis.

6. The horizontal lathe for machining inner keyway according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of first scoring lines are evenly spaced on the outer circumference of the graduated scale ring (25), a plurality of second scoring lines are evenly spaced on the outer circumference of the inner fixed scale ring (26), and the plurality of first scoring lines and the plurality of second scoring lines are arranged in one-to-one correspondence.

7. The horizontal lathe for machining inner keyway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The module and the number of teeth of the first meshing tooth (100) are both correspondingly equal to the module and the number of teeth of the second meshing tooth (200), and the module and the number of teeth of the second meshing tooth (200) are both correspondingly equal to the module and the number of teeth of the third meshing tooth (300).

8. The horizontal lathe for machining inner keyway according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The horizontal lathe comprises a machining tool, the machining tool being used to machine an end of the workpiece (5) away from the indexing fixture, the machining tool comprising: A tool holder body (70), wherein a clamping hole is provided in the tool holder body (70), and the central axis of the clamping hole coincides with the central axis of the spindle; A tool (73), part of which is installed in the clamping hole, and the tool (73) is movably arranged relative to the clamping hole along the central axis of the clamping hole.

9. The horizontal lathe for machining inner keyway according to claim 8, characterized in that: The machining tool also includes: a locking screw (71), which passes through a through hole on the side wall of the tool holder body (70) and extends into the clamping hole, and the bottom of the locking screw (71) abuts against a portion of the tool (73) located in the clamping hole.

10. The horizontal lathe for machining inner keyway according to claim 9, characterized in that: An adjustment gasket (74) is provided between the portion of the tool (73) located in the clamping hole and the inner wall of the clamping hole.

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