Pretreatment device for high-bromine-content materials before incineration

Abstract

The utility model discloses a pretreatment device for high-bromine-content materials before incineration, relates to the technical field of waste treatment, and solves the problems that in the prior art, supercritical fluid cannot be in full contact with waste particles, so that pyrolysis is not thorough, and leakage point blind areas exist. The device comprises a kettle body, a rinsing frame is rotationally arranged in the kettle body, the rinsing frame is connected with a driving mechanism arranged on the kettle body, a plurality of rinsing frames are arranged on the rinsing frame, and feeding and discharging systems used for being matched with the rinsing frames for feeding and discharging are arranged at the top and the bottom of the kettle body. A temperature control unit for controlling the internal temperature of the kettle body and a pressure control unit for controlling the internal air pressure are arranged on the kettle body, and the kettle body is respectively connected with the liquid storage assembly and the exhaust unit. According to the device, the multiple rinsing frames are arranged for subpackaging and bearing waste particles, the contact face is increased, the kettle body is arranged for containing supercritical fluid, the driving mechanism is arranged for driving the rinsing frames to rotate, then the waste particles in the rinsing frames can make full contact with the supercritical fluid for a pyrolytic reaction, and leakage point blind areas are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of waste treatment, in particular to a pretreatment device for high-bromine-containing materials before incineration. Background Art

[0002] Bromine is widely present in some specific wastes, and bromine-containing solid wastes are one of the solid wastes with the fastest growth in the past 10 years. Debromination must be carried out when disposing of or recycling waste bromine-containing plastics. Otherwise, the presence of high-bromine materials during the incineration process will easily produce highly toxic polybrominated dibenzodioxins and biphenyl furans or cause secondary pollution of soil and groundwater by brominated flame retardants. Therefore, the development of safe and effective debromination and detoxification incineration pretreatment research for the brominated flame retardants that exist in large quantities in current bromine-containing plastic wastes is of great significance for improving incineration efficiency, reducing the content of toxic and harmful substances in flue gas after incineration, reducing environmental pollution, and realizing resource utilization.

[0003] Due to its unique physical and chemical properties and particularly high reactivity, supercritical fluids have broad application prospects in the decomposition of toxic organic matter. Since supercritical fluids can not only decompose plastic waste to produce high-value-added oil, but also remove bromine from plastic waste, they have received widespread attention. At present, supercritical fluids that have been used for debromination of bromine-containing plastics mainly include water and organic solvents (such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, isopropanol). The debromination efficiency of supercritical organic solvents is low. Compared with the use of organic solvents, the use of supercritical water for debromination of bromine-containing plastics can obtain a higher debromination efficiency, and using water as a reaction solvent is more environmentally friendly. However, there are two main disadvantages of supercritical water technology for debromination of bromine-containing plastics: 1: The reaction conditions are harsh, the temperature reaches 374°C, the pressure reaches 22MPa, the energy consumption is large, and the actual control requirements are high. 2: The reaction process produces acidic substances, which seriously corrode the reaction equipment under high temperature and high pressure conditions, and the equipment material requirements are very high, resulting in expensive equipment costs. In fact, these two shortcomings of supercritical water debromination technology also greatly limit its application in the harmless treatment of bromine-containing plastic waste.

[0004] A Chinese invention patent with publication number CN104722555A discloses a method for harmlessly debrominating bromine-containing plastic waste, which utilizes supercritical fluid for debromination. The main process is to add ammonia water with a concentration of 10%-50% to a high-temperature and high-pressure reactor to debrominate the granular plastic waste. However, it is not convenient to load and unload materials in a conventional high-temperature and high-pressure reactor, especially when the liquid and solid are mixed after the reaction, the loading and unloading of materials will delay a lot of time, and it is not suitable for continuous production and processing.

[0005] A Chinese invention patent with publication number CN112283712A discloses a pyrolysis system for solid waste containing chlorine and bromine. In the invention, waste particles are transported forward by a screw conveyor of a pyrolysis reaction unit, and ammonia vapor is directly input into the screw conveyor for pyrolysis. However, in actual use, the waste particles at the bottom always move close to the bottom of the screw conveyor, and the gap is small, so it is difficult for ammonia vapor to fully contact with the waste particles, resulting in incomplete pyrolysis, leakage points, and blind spots. Utility Model Content

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned background technology, the utility model proposes a pretreatment device for high-bromine-containing materials before incineration, which solves the problem in the prior art that the pretreatment device is prone to incomplete reaction due to insufficient contact between the supercritical fluid and the waste particles.

[0007] The technical solution of the utility model is achieved as follows: a pretreatment device for high-bromine-containing materials before incineration, including a kettle body, a rinsing rack rotatably arranged in the kettle body, and the rinsing rack is connected to a driving mechanism arranged on the kettle body, a plurality of rinsing frames are arranged on the rinsing rack, a feeding and discharging system for cooperating with the rinsing frames for feeding and discharging is arranged on the top and bottom of the kettle body, a temperature control unit for controlling the internal temperature of the kettle body and a pressure control unit for the internal air pressure are arranged on the kettle body, and the kettle body is respectively connected to a liquid storage component and an exhaust unit.

[0008] Preferably, the washing rack comprises a center column coaxially connected to the kettle body, the center column is circumferentially connected to a support frame, the outer ring of the support frame is provided with a guide ring coaxially arranged with the center column, and the washing frames are circumferentially arranged on the support frame at equal intervals.

[0009] Preferably, the rinsing frame is a cylinder with openings at both ends, the rinsing frame is fixed to the support frame by bolts, and the side wall of the rinsing frame is provided with filtering holes. The upper and lower ends of the rinsing frame are both provided with slip rings for sliding cooperation with the kettle body.

[0010] Preferably, the driving mechanism comprises a driving motor fixedly arranged on the top of the kettle body, the output end of the driving motor is drivingly connected to the central column, and the side wall of the kettle body is provided with a supporting roller, which cooperates with the guide ring.

[0011] Preferably, the feeding and discharging system comprises a feeding port arranged at the top of the kettle body and a discharging port arranged at the bottom of the kettle body, and both the feeding port and the discharging port can correspond to the rinsing frame; and both the feeding port and the discharging port are detachably provided with end covers.

[0012] Preferably, the temperature control unit comprises a heating belt wound around the side wall of the kettle body, and the outer side of the heating belt is wrapped with a heat-insulating layer.

[0013] Preferably, the pressure control unit comprises an air pressure pump, which is connected to an air inlet pipe arranged on the top of the kettle body through a pipeline, and a pressure gauge is arranged on the kettle body.

[0014] Preferably, the exhaust unit comprises an exhaust gas exhaust pipe arranged on the top of the kettle body, and a solenoid valve is provided on the exhaust gas exhaust pipe.

[0015] Preferably, the liquid storage assembly comprises a liquid inlet and outlet pipe opening arranged at the bottom of the kettle body, the liquid inlet and outlet pipe opening is connected to the liquid storage tank through a pipeline, and a liquid pump is provided on the pipeline.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the device is provided with a plurality of rinsing frames to pack and carry the waste particles, increase the contact surface, and provide a kettle to contain the supercritical fluid. The rinsing frame is driven to rotate by providing a driving mechanism, so that the waste particles in the rinsing frame can fully contact with the supercritical fluid to react, thereby solving the problem that the existing supercritical fluid and the waste particles cannot fully contact each other, resulting in incomplete pyrolysis and the existence of blind spots. Specifically, by providing a temperature control unit and a pressure control unit, the temperature and air pressure inside the kettle can be adjusted and maintained within a specified range. By providing a feeding and discharging system, the feeding and discharging of the materials after solid-liquid separation can be performed into the rinsing frame. At the same time, the provision of a liquid storage component can control the discharge and entry of the supercritical fluid from the kettle before and after the pretreatment of the waste particles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the use state of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the kettle body of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the kettle body of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rinse rack and rinse frame of the utility model;

[0022] In the figure: 1: kettle body, 2: rinse rack, 3: drive mechanism, 4: rinse frame, 5: liquid storage component, 6: exhaust unit, 21: center column, 22: support frame, 32: support roller, 71: feed port, 72: discharge port, 81: air pressure pump, 82: air inlet pipe, 83: pressure gauge, 61: exhaust gas discharge pipe, 62: solenoid valve, 51: liquid inlet and outlet pipes, 52: liquid storage tank, 53: liquid pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0024] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, in Example 1, a pretreatment device for high-bromine-containing materials before incineration includes a kettle body 1, which is provided for accommodating a supercritical fluid, a washing rack 2 is provided for rotation in the kettle body 1, and the washing rack 2 is connected to a driving mechanism 3 provided on the kettle body 1, and a plurality of washing frames 4 are provided on the washing rack 2, and the waste particles with high bromine content are packaged and carried by providing a plurality of washing frames 4, and the contact surface between the waste particles with high bromine content and the supercritical fluid is increased, and the washing rack is driven to rotate by providing a driving mechanism, so that the waste particles in the washing frame can be fully contacted with the supercritical fluid for pyrolysis reaction. At the same time, the waste particles can be confined in the washing frame after the reaction is completed, and the supercritical fluid after the reaction is discharged first, and then the waste particles are discharged, so that the solid-liquid mixed material is separated and distributed and discharged, and the discharge efficiency is improved.

[0025] In addition, the top and bottom of the kettle body 1 are provided with a feeding and discharging system for cooperating with the rinsing frame 4 to feed and discharge materials. The kettle body 1 is provided with a temperature control unit for controlling the internal temperature of the kettle body 1 and a pressure control unit for the internal air pressure, which can adjust and maintain the temperature and air pressure inside the kettle body within a specified range. The kettle body 1 is connected to the liquid storage component 5 and the exhaust unit 6 respectively. By setting up the feeding and discharging system, it is possible to feed and discharge materials into the rinsing frame. The liquid storage component is set to control the discharge and discharge of supercritical fluid from the kettle body before and after the pretreatment of the waste particles. The exhaust unit can reduce the internal pressure after the reaction and discharge the gas.

[0026] As a further embodiment, the feeding and discharging system includes a feeding port 71 provided on the kettle body 1 and a discharging port 72 provided on the bottom of the kettle body 1, and both the feeding port 71 and the discharging port 72 can correspond to the rinsing frame 4, and both the feeding port 71 and the discharging port 72 can be detachably provided with end covers, so that when feeding, the end cover of the feeding port is opened, and the materials are fed into the rinsing frame one by one through the feeding port, and when discharging, the end cover of the discharging port is opened, and the materials are discharged from the rinsing frame one by one. In this embodiment, the end cover is connected to the feeding port or the discharging port by a threaded connection, which is convenient for opening and closing.

[0027] In addition, in this embodiment, the temperature control unit includes a heating belt wound around the side wall of the kettle body 1, and the outer side of the heating belt is wrapped with a thermal insulation layer. By providing the heating belt, the temperature inside the kettle body can be controlled so that the supercritical fluid and the high-bromine waste particles are pyrolyzed at a suitable temperature. As a further implementation scheme, in this embodiment, a conventional temperature sensor is provided inside the kettle body, and the temperature sensor feeds back the temperature inside the kettle body to the control board, and the control board controls the output power change of the heating belt to make the temperature reach the set reaction temperature, and the thermal insulation layer can play a role in heat preservation and reduce heat loss.

[0028] As a further implementation method, in this embodiment, the pressure control unit includes an air pressure pump 81, which is connected to an air inlet pipe 82 arranged on the top of the kettle body 1 through a pipeline. The kettle body 1 is provided with a pressure gauge 83. The air pressure pump is set to maintain the air pressure inside the kettle body in a set range, so that the reaction between the supercritical fluid and the high-bromine waste particles is maintained in a high-efficiency range.

[0029] Correspondingly, in this embodiment, the exhaust unit 6 includes an exhaust gas exhaust pipe 61 disposed on the top of the kettle body, and an electromagnetic valve 62 is disposed on the exhaust gas exhaust pipe 61. The electromagnetic valve can control the opening and closing of the exhaust gas exhaust pipe, and at the same time, the internal exhaust gas is discharged after the reaction is completed, and the internal pressure is reduced for discharge. As a further optional embodiment, the exhaust gas exhaust pipe is connected to a conventional exhaust gas incinerator or an exhaust gas recovery device to treat the exhausted exhaust gas to avoid pollution caused by direct discharge.

[0030] Embodiment 2, on the basis of embodiment 1, as Figure 3 , 4 As shown, the rinse rack 2 includes a center column 21 coaxially connected to the kettle body 1, the center column 21 is circumferentially connected to a support frame 22, the outer ring of the support frame 22 is provided with a guide ring 23 coaxially arranged with the center column 21, and the rinse frame 4 is circumferentially arranged on the support frame 22 at equal intervals.

[0031] Specifically, the rinsing frame 4 is a cylinder with openings at both ends, and the rinsing frame 4 is fixed to the support frame 22 by bolts, and filtering holes are provided on the side walls of the rinsing frame 4. Furthermore, sliding rings for slidingly cooperating with the kettle body 1 are provided at both upper and lower ends of the rinsing frame 4, and the provision of the sliding rings can play a certain degree of sealing role between the upper and lower side walls of the kettle body and the upper and lower ends of the rinsing frame, thereby reducing the leakage of solid waste in the rinsing frame into the adjacent rinsing frames, and preventing the solid waste from being difficult to clean out when discharging.

[0032] As a further embodiment, the driving mechanism 3 includes a driving motor fixedly arranged on the top of the kettle body 1, and the output end of the driving motor is transmission-connected with the central column 21. When in use, the driving motor drives the central column to rotate, and synchronously drives the rinsing rack and the rinsing frame on the central column to rotate. In addition, a supporting roller 32 is provided on the side wall of the kettle body 1, and the supporting roller 32 cooperates with the guide ring 23, so that the guide ring 23 is supported and limited by the supporting roller to maintain the stability of the rotation.

[0033] Embodiment 3, on the basis of embodiment 2, the liquid storage component 5 includes a liquid inlet and outlet pipe 51 arranged at the bottom of the kettle body 1, and the liquid inlet and outlet pipe 51 is connected to the liquid storage tank 52 through a pipeline, and a liquid pump 53 is provided on the pipeline. Before opening the end cover of the discharge port 72 for discharging, turn on the liquid pump, and the liquid pump draws the supercritical fluid in the kettle body into the liquid storage tank, and then open the end cover for discharging. After the discharging is completed, turn on the liquid pump again, and the liquid pump reversely discharges the supercritical fluid in the liquid storage tank into the kettle body to participate in the reverse direction. After the supercritical fluid is used multiple times, it is discharged to the outside for replacement.

[0034] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pretreatment device for high-bromine-containing materials before incineration, comprising a kettle (1), characterized in that: A rinsing rack (2) is rotatably provided inside the kettle body (1), and the rinsing rack (2) is connected to a driving mechanism (3) provided on the kettle body (1). A plurality of rinsing frames (4) are provided on the rinsing rack (2). A feeding and discharging system for cooperating with the rinsing frames (4) for feeding and discharging materials is provided on the top and bottom of the kettle body (1). A temperature control unit for controlling the internal temperature of the kettle body (1) and a pressure control unit for controlling the internal air pressure are provided on the kettle body (1). The kettle body (1) is respectively connected to a liquid storage component (5) and an exhaust unit (6).

2. The pretreatment device for high bromine-containing materials before incineration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rinse rack (2) comprises a central column (21) coaxially rotatably connected to the kettle body (1); the central column (21) is circumferentially connected to a support frame (22); the outer ring of the support frame (22) is provided with a guide ring (23) coaxially arranged with the central column (21); and the rinse frames (4) are circumferentially arranged on the support frame (22) at equal intervals.

3. The pretreatment device for high bromine-containing materials before incineration according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The rinsing frame (4) is a cylinder with openings at both ends. The rinsing frame (4) is fixed to the support frame (22) by means of bolts. The side wall of the rinsing frame (4) is provided with filtering holes.

4. The pretreatment device for high bromine-containing materials before incineration according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The upper and lower ends of the rinse frame (4) are provided with sliding rings for slidingly cooperating with the kettle body (1).

5. The pretreatment device for high bromine-containing materials before incineration according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The driving mechanism (3) comprises a driving motor fixedly arranged on the top of the kettle body (1), the output end of the driving motor being drivingly connected to the central column (21), and a supporting roller (32) being arranged on the side wall of the kettle body (1), and the supporting roller (32) being matched with the guide ring (23).

6. The pretreatment device for high bromine-containing materials before incineration according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The feeding and discharging system comprises a feeding port (71) arranged at the top of the kettle body (1) and a discharging port (72) arranged at the bottom of the kettle body (1), and the feeding port (71) and the discharging port (72) are both capable of corresponding to the rinsing frame (4); and the feeding port (71) and the discharging port (72) are both detachably provided with end covers.

7. The pretreatment device for high bromine-containing materials before incineration according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The temperature control unit comprises a heating belt wound around the side wall of the kettle body (1), and the outer side of the heating belt is wrapped with a heat-insulating layer.

8. The pretreatment device for high bromine-containing materials before incineration according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The pressure control unit comprises an air pressure pump (81), the air pressure pump (81) being connected to an air inlet pipe (82) arranged on the top of the kettle body (1) through a pipeline, and an air pressure gauge (83) is arranged on the kettle body (1).

9. The pretreatment device for high bromine-containing materials before incineration according to claim 8, characterized in that: The exhaust unit (6) comprises an exhaust gas exhaust pipe (61) arranged on the top of the kettle body, and an electromagnetic valve (62) is arranged on the exhaust gas exhaust pipe (61).

10. The pretreatment device for high bromine-containing materials before incineration according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that: The liquid storage assembly (5) comprises a liquid inlet and outlet pipe opening (51) arranged at the bottom of the kettle body (1); the liquid inlet and outlet pipe opening (51) is connected to a liquid storage tank (52) via a pipeline, and a liquid pump (53) is provided on the pipeline.

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