Tail gas absorption type high-temperature composting device

Abstract

The tail gas absorption type high-temperature composting device is characterized in that a perforated plate is arranged at the lower part in a fermentation tank and divides the inner cavity of the fermentation tank into an upper fermentation area and a lower percolation storage area; the device comprises an aeration and tail gas absorption unit, the aeration and tail gas absorption unit comprises a tail gas absorption filler layer arranged above a fermentation tank, and the filler layer is communicated with the fermentation tank through a plurality of exhaust pipes arranged at the top of a fermentation area; a gas flowmeter and a gas pump which are sequentially connected are arranged below the outside of the fermentation tank, one end of the gas flowmeter is communicated with a gas inlet pipe, and the gas inlet pipe is communicated with a plurality of gas inlets formed in the lower part of the fermentation area through gas distribution pipes. According to the utility model, the heat preservation effect of the compost body is improved, and the functions of turning, aerating, supplementing the moisture content of the compost body, absorbing tail gas, discharging percolate, monitoring the temperature and humidity of the compost body in real time and the like can be realized at any time according to requirements in the composting process. The composting period is obviously shortened, the composting efficiency and the product quality are improved, and the emission of greenhouse gases is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of organic solid waste resource utilization, in particular to a tail gas absorption type high temperature composting device. Background Art

[0002] High-temperature composting is a technology that uses the metabolism of aerobic microorganisms to degrade organic solid waste under certain moisture content, carbon-nitrogen ratio and ventilation conditions. In this process, the temperature of the pile increases and heat is released, killing most of the pathogenic microorganisms in the organic solid waste. At the same time, the organic matter in it is converted into humic acid and other stable soil conditioners or organic fertilizers, thereby achieving harmlessness, stabilization and resource utilization of organic solid waste, turning waste into treasure and reducing environmental pollution. According to actual production needs, during the high-temperature composting process, it is necessary to shorten the composting cycle while ensuring the quality of the compost. However, there are some common problems with the current high-temperature composting devices, mainly as follows: most of the traditional high-temperature composting devices are equipped with insulation materials or structures, and the insulation effect of the reactor is poor, resulting in the temperature of the pile not being very high and being unstable, affecting the composting efficiency and product quality; the exhaust gas treatment effect of some high-temperature composting devices is not ideal or no exhaust gas emission treatment is performed, resulting in the odor and greenhouse gases generated during the composting process being discharged into the environment, affecting the environmental quality; some high-temperature composting devices pay less attention to the replenishment of water in the pile and the discharge of leachate, resulting in the moisture content of the pile being too high or too low, affecting the moisture and nutrient balance of the compost; some high-temperature composting devices have uneven stirring, resulting in insufficient ventilation and mixing of the pile, affecting the overall maturity of the pile; in addition, some high-temperature composting devices have unreasonable aeration methods, resulting in uneven oxygen distribution in the pile, affecting the activity of microorganisms and the degradation of organic matter, and also leading to the extension of the composting cycle, etc. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of the deficiencies pointed out in the above background technology, the present invention provides a tail gas absorption type high temperature composting device, aiming to solve the problems existing in the prior art in the above background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the utility model is:

[0005] A tail gas absorption type high temperature composting device comprises a horizontally placed fermentation tank, the outside of which is provided with a heat preservation layer, and the lower part of the fermentation tank is provided with a porous plate, and the porous plate divides the inner cavity of the fermentation tank into an upper fermentation area and a lower percolation storage area; the device comprises an aeration and tail gas absorption unit, which comprises a tail gas absorption filler layer arranged above the fermentation tank, and the filler layer is connected to the fermentation tank through a plurality of exhaust pipes arranged at the top of the fermentation area; a gas flow meter and an air pump connected in sequence are arranged outside and below the fermentation tank, and one end of the gas flow meter is connected to an air inlet pipe, and the air inlet pipe is connected to a plurality of air inlets opened at the lower part of the fermentation area through an air distribution pipe.

[0006] The outlet end of the exhaust pipe in the packing layer is provided with a gas overflow weir.

[0007] The air inlet is filled with a filter layer.

[0008] The filler layer is made of a material with high specific surface area, porosity and adsorption.

[0009] The device includes a water replenishment and leachate discharge unit, which includes a spray head arranged above the fermentation area, the spray head is connected to a water inlet pipe, and the other end of the water inlet pipe is sequentially connected to a liquid flow meter and a water pump arranged outside and below the fermentation tank; a discharge port is opened at the bottom of the leachate storage area.

[0010] A stirring shaft is transversely arranged at the center of the fermentation tank, a plurality of three-blade paddles are arranged on the stirring shaft, and a crank is arranged at one end of the stirring shaft extending out of the fermentation tank.

[0011] The stirring shaft is provided with a temperature and humidity sensor, and the temperature and humidity sensor is electrically connected to a display screen arranged outside the fermentation tank.

[0012] A plurality of sampling ports are arranged on the side of the fermentation area of ​​the fermentation tank.

[0013] Universal wheels are arranged at the four corners of the bottom of the device.

[0014] The utility model has multiple functions such as tail gas absorption, water replenishment and leachate discharge, stirring and aeration, and heat preservation, which can effectively solve the problems of unstable compost temperature, random emission of odor and greenhouse gas, imbalance of water and nutrition, uneven aeration and mixing that occur in other composting devices. The utility model can not only quickly, efficiently and stably convert organic waste into organic fertilizer, but also take into account environmental protection and ease of operation. It is an innovative solution that integrates multiple functions. The details are as follows:

[0015] (1) The utility model uses earthworm manure, biochar and other environmentally friendly materials with good adsorption capacity, porous structure as fillers to absorb greenhouse gases and malodorous gases such as NH3, CH4, CO2 generated during high-temperature composting, effectively controlling the emission of harmful gases during the composting process, significantly improving the environmental performance of the composting device, reducing pollution risks, and improving social sustainability, making the utility model have significant environmental and social value.

[0016] (2) The utility model realizes precise water management in the composting process through structures such as the sprinkler head, the water inlet pipe and the drain port, which not only ensures the optimal water condition of the compost body to facilitate the growth of microorganisms and the decomposition of organic solid waste, but also helps to maintain the nutritional balance in the composting process, which is crucial to improving the quality of the final product.

[0017] (3) The utility model improves the heat preservation effect and peak temperature of the compost body and optimizes the mixing of materials by providing a heat preservation structure and a stirring unit. This design and structure allows the compost body to maintain a relatively high temperature stability during the composting process, thereby accelerating the microbial decomposition rate and significantly enhancing the conversion efficiency of organic matter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model

[0019] In the figure, 1-fermentation tank, 2-insulation layer, 3-stirring shaft, 4-paddle, 5-crank handle, 6-sampling port, 7-temperature and humidity sensor, 8-display screen, 9-porous plate, 10-drain port, 11-air inlet, 12-gas distribution pipe, 13-air inlet pipe, 14-gas flow meter, 15-air pump, 16-sprinkler head, 17-water inlet pipe, 18-liquid flow meter, 19-water pump, 20-exhaust pipe, 21-gas overflow weir, 22-packing layer, 23-universal wheel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the utility model more clear, the utility model is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the utility model and are not used to limit the utility model.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, a tail gas absorption type high temperature composting device comprises a horizontally placed fermentation tank 1, the outside of which is provided with a 20 mm thick insulation layer 5, the lower part of the fermentation tank 1 is provided with a porous plate 9, the porous plate 9 divides the inner cavity of the fermentation tank 1 into an upper fermentation area and a lower percolation storage area; the device comprises an aeration and tail gas absorption unit, which comprises a tail gas absorption filler layer 22 arranged above the fermentation tank 1, the filler layer 22 is connected to the fermentation tank 1 through a plurality of exhaust pipes 20 arranged at the top of the fermentation area; a gas flow meter 14 and an air pump 15 connected in sequence are arranged outside and below the fermentation tank 1, one end of the gas flow meter 14 is connected to an air inlet pipe 13, and the air inlet pipe 13 is connected to a plurality of air inlets 11 opened at the lower part of the fermentation area through an air distribution pipe 12.

[0022] The diameter of the air inlet 11 is about 10 mm, and air is aerated into the pile to maintain or increase the activity of aerobic microorganisms in the pile and accelerate the maturity of the pile. As the composting progresses, a large amount of greenhouse gases such as NH3, CH4, and CO2 are generated in the fermenter 1. These gases flow into the packing layer 22 above the device through the exhaust pipe 20 at the top of the fermenter 1. The packing layer 22 absorbs the tail gas generated during the composting process, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions and protecting the environment.

[0023] The outlet end of the exhaust pipe 20 in the packing layer 22 is provided with a gas overflow weir 21, so that the tail gas flowing into the packing layer can be mixed with the packing layer 22 more evenly and fully, so that the packing layer 22 can better absorb the tail gas generated during the composting process.

[0024] The air inlet 11 is filled with a filter layer, which is made of materials such as sponge to prevent the aeration port from being blocked.

[0025] The filler layer 22 is made of a material with high specific surface area, porosity and adsorption, such as earthworm castings and biochar, and can well absorb odors such as NH3, SO2, H2S, etc. generated during high-temperature composting.

[0026] The porous plate 9 is made of 304 stainless steel, 2 mm thick and 2 mm in diameter, and is a mesh structure. The upper portion is used to carry compost materials and also serves to separate high-concentration leachate to prevent excessive moisture content below the pile, which would affect the composting process and quality.

[0027] The device includes a water replenishment and leachate discharge unit, which includes a spray head 16 arranged above the fermentation area, the spray head 16 is connected to a water inlet pipe 17, and the other end of the water inlet pipe 17 is sequentially connected to a liquid flow meter 18 and a water pump 19 arranged outside and below the fermentation tank 1; a discharge port 10 is opened at the bottom of the leachate storage area.

[0028] The space from the bottom of the porous plate 9 to the top of the drain port 10 is used to collect the leachate generated during the composting process. During the composting process, the drain port 10 can be opened regularly to discharge the collected leachate for subsequent treatment and disposal. The amount of spray water is controlled by the liquid flow meter 17 to adjust the moisture content of the compost, thereby promoting the maturity of the pile.

[0029] A stirring shaft 3 is disposed transversely at the center of the fermentation tank 1, and a plurality of stainless steel three-blade paddles are disposed on the stirring shaft 3. A crank 5 is disposed at one end of the stirring shaft extending outside the fermentation tank 1. By shaking the crank 5, manual turning of the compost can be achieved during the composting process, so that the compost materials are evenly mixed and fully contacted with oxygen, which can save energy and protect the environment while accelerating the composting process and improving the overall maturity of the compost product.

[0030] A temperature and humidity sensor 7 is provided in the center of the stirring shaft 3, which is located inside the compost body and can better react to the real-time temperature and moisture content of the compost body. The temperature and humidity sensor 7 is electrically connected to a display screen 8 provided outside the fermentation tank 1. The changes in the temperature and moisture content of the compost body during the composting process can be monitored in real time to ensure the smooth progress of the composting.

[0031] The side of the fermentation area of ​​the fermentation tank 1 is provided with a plurality of sampling ports 6. The sampling ports 6 have a diameter of 80 mm and are arranged on both sides of the fermentation tank together with the air inlet. The sampling ports 6 are convenient for sampling during the composting process to understand the specific situation of the composting process at any time.

[0032] Universal wheels 22 are provided at the four corners of the bottom of the device to facilitate the movement of the device.

[0033] The fermentation tank of the utility model is installed on a stainless steel bracket arranged outside for fixing and ensuring the stable operation of the fermentation tank. A stainless steel table is arranged at the bottom of the bracket for placing gas and liquid flow meters, air pumps, water pumps, etc. A packing layer is installed at the top of the bracket.

[0034] The practical application method of the utility model is:

[0035] Mix sludge, livestock and poultry manure, kitchen waste and other organic solid wastes with straw, biochar, attapulgite and other additives, stir well and granulate to uniform size, and adjust the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio to 20-25, pH 6.5-7.5 and moisture content to 60%-65%.

[0036] Fermentation was carried out in the fermenter with intermittent ventilation, 10 minutes every 8 hours, and a ventilation rate of 0.1-0.3 L•kg -1 •min -1 .

[0037] The composting cycle is 20 to 30 days. The pile is manually stirred and turned for 3 minutes every day, and the temperature and humidity of the pile are observed and recorded.

[0038] After the pile is decomposed, the material is unloaded and stored for subsequent use. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the utility model shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tail gas absorption type high temperature composting device, comprising a horizontally placed fermentation tank, the outside of which is provided with a heat preservation layer, characterized in that: A porous plate (9) is arranged at the lower part of the fermenter (1), and the porous plate (9) divides the inner cavity of the fermenter (1) into an upper fermentation zone and a lower percolation storage zone; the device comprises an aeration and tail gas absorption unit, which comprises a tail gas absorption filler layer (22) arranged above the fermenter (1), and the filler layer (22) is connected to the fermenter (1) through a plurality of exhaust pipes (20) arranged at the top of the fermentation zone; a gas flow meter (14) and an air pump (15) are arranged at the lower part of the fermenter (1), and one end of the gas flow meter (14) is connected to an air inlet pipe (13), and the air inlet pipe (13) is connected to a plurality of air inlets (11) opened at the lower part of the fermentation zone through an air distribution pipe (12).

2. A tail gas absorption type high temperature composting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust pipe (20) is provided with a gas overflow weir (21) at the outlet end in the packing layer (22).

3. The tail gas absorption type high temperature composting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air inlet (11) is filled with a filter layer.

4. The tail gas absorption type high temperature composting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filler layer is made of a material with high specific surface area, porosity and adsorption.

5. A tail gas absorption type high temperature composting device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The device comprises a water replenishment and percolate discharge unit, which comprises a spray head (16) arranged above the fermentation area, the spray head (16) being connected to a water inlet pipe (17), the other end of which is sequentially connected to a liquid flow meter (18) and a water pump (19) arranged outside and below the fermentation tank (1); a liquid discharge port (10) is provided at the bottom of the percolate storage area.

6. The tail gas absorption type high temperature composting device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A stirring shaft (3) is disposed transversely at the center of the fermentation tank (1), and a plurality of three-blade paddles are disposed on the stirring shaft (3). A crank handle (5) is disposed at one end of the stirring shaft extending outside the fermentation tank (1).

7. The tail gas absorption type high temperature composting device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The stirring shaft (3) is provided with a temperature and humidity sensor (7), and the temperature and humidity sensor (7) is electrically connected to a display screen (8) arranged outside the fermentation tank (1).

8. The tail gas absorption type high temperature composting device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of sampling ports (6) are provided on the side of the fermentation area of ​​the fermentation tank (1).

9. The tail gas absorption type high temperature composting device according to claim 8, characterized in that: Universal wheels (23) are arranged at the four corners of the bottom of the device.

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