Automatic ultrasonic flaw detection system for wheel set journal root and wheel seat embedding part

Abstract

The utility model discloses an ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system for the shaft neck root part and the wheel seat embedding part of a wheel set. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system comprises a wheel shaft, a wheel set lifting and supporting device and a device which is positioned above the wheel shaft and the wheel set lifting and supporting device and is used for carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection on the wheel shaft and the wheel seat embedding part of the wheel set. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system for the axle designed by the utility model consists of a plurality of parts, and the automatic flaw detection of the shaft neck root and the wheel seat embedding part can be realized through the mutual matching of the parts, so that the manual operation is not needed, the detection efficiency is high, and the cost is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of ultrasonic flaw detection of axles and wheelsets, and in particular to an ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system for the root of axle journals and the embedded part of a wheel seat of a wheelset. Background Art

[0002] As the main component of train operation, wheelset is an important link affecting the safe operation of trains. In order to ensure the good technical status of wheelset and provide data support, it is necessary to conduct flaw detection on wheelset to determine whether there are defects such as fatigue cracks in the wheelset. The flaw detection area of ​​wheelset includes the root of axle journal, wheel seat insert and wheel rim.

[0003] At present, there is no dedicated system for ultrasonic flaw detection of wheel axles, the roots of wheel journals, and the inserts of wheel seats. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to solve the shortcomings of the above-mentioned background technology and provide an axle ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system which can cover the axle area and perform flaw detection on the axle without the need for workers to manually adjust the position of the probe.

[0005] To achieve this purpose, the ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system for the root of the wheel set axle neck and the wheel seat embedded part designed by the utility model includes a wheel axle, a wheelset lifting support device and a device for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheel axle and the wheel seat embedded part of the wheelset located above the wheel axle and the wheelset lifting support device; the wheel axle and wheelset lifting support device include a liftable axle support mechanism and a shaft end flaw detection mechanism that can be lifted and lowered synchronously with the axle support mechanism; or a shaft end flaw detection mechanism that can be lifted and lowered relative to the axle support mechanism; the axle support mechanism includes two support brackets for supporting the left and right ends of the axle respectively, and the support bracket is provided with a support bracket for supporting the wheel axle bearing and a support wheel assembly for supporting the wheel set axle neck, and the wheel axle bearing The wheel set axle neck can rotate on the supporting bracket, and the wheel set axle neck can rotate on the supporting wheel assembly; the shaft end flaw detection mechanism includes a shaft end flaw detection probe, a shaft end flaw detection probe height adjustment mechanism and a shaft end flaw detection probe horizontal adjustment mechanism; the shaft end flaw detection probe and the shaft end flaw detection probe horizontal adjustment mechanism are synchronously lifted and lowered with the axle support mechanism or lifted and lowered relative to the axle support mechanism through the shaft end flaw detection probe height adjustment mechanism; the device for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheel axle and the wheel seat embedded part of the wheel set includes an axle body flaw detection probe, a lifting adjustment mechanism for adjusting the upper and lower vertical positions of the axle body flaw detection probe, and a left and right adjustment mechanism for adjusting the left and right horizontal positions of the lifting adjustment mechanism.

[0006] Furthermore, the two support brackets are connected to a support lifting mechanism for driving the two support brackets to rise and fall synchronously; the support lifting mechanism includes two elevators respectively used to drive the two support brackets to rise and fall, and the driving shafts of the two elevators are connected to a motor reduction mechanism through a coupling, a connecting shaft and a steering gear.

[0007] Furthermore, the support wheel assembly includes a support wheel bracket and at least two support wheels arranged on the support wheel bracket, the axles of the two support wheels are arranged on the support wheel bracket in parallel along the axle direction, the space between the two support wheels is the placement space for the wheelset axle neck, and the surfaces of the two support wheels can be in close contact with the surface of the wheelset axle neck.

[0008] Furthermore, the support wheel assembly is connected to a switching drive device that can drive it to move to a working position that cooperates with the wheelset shaft neck or a non-working position that does not cooperate with the wheelset shaft neck; the switching drive device includes a linear reciprocating drive device arranged along the axle direction, and the driving end of the linear reciprocating drive device is fixed to the support wheel bracket.

[0009] Furthermore, the shaft end flaw detection probe height adjustment mechanism includes two shaft end probe mounting brackets respectively located above the supporting bracket and two probe lifting mechanisms respectively used to drive the two shaft end probe mounting brackets to rise and fall. The probe lifting mechanism includes a lifting fixing portion fixed on the supporting bracket and a lifting movable portion fixed to the shaft end probe mounting bracket and capable of driving the shaft end probe mounting bracket to rise and fall along a linear reciprocating motion. The shaft end probe mounting bracket is provided with the shaft end flaw detection probe horizontal driving mechanism and the shaft end flaw detection probe.

[0010] Furthermore, the horizontal adjustment mechanism of the shaft end flaw detection probe includes a shaft end probe horizontal driving mechanism fixed on the shaft end probe mounting bracket and the shaft end flaw detection probe fixed to the power output end of the shaft end probe horizontal driving mechanism; the shaft end probe horizontal driving mechanism includes a horizontal fixing portion fixed on the shaft end probe mounting bracket and a horizontal movable portion fixed to the shaft end flaw detection probe and capable of driving the shaft end flaw detection probe to reciprocate along the axial direction of the axle and to fit or separate from the end face of the axle.

[0011] Furthermore, the lifting and adjustment mechanism includes a lifting drive device for driving the shaft body flaw detection probe to lift and lower, and a lifting adjustment device for adjusting the upper and lower vertical positions of the lifting drive device; the left and right adjustment mechanism includes a horizontal drive device for driving the lifting and adjustment device to move horizontally left and right, and a horizontal adjustment device for adjusting the left and right horizontal positions of the horizontal drive device.

[0012] Furthermore, the lifting drive device is a vertically arranged linear drive device with a power output end that can move back and forth, and the power output end of the lifting drive device is fixed with the shaft body flaw detection probe; the lifting adjustment device is vertically fixed on the mounting seat, and the lifting adjustment device is a linear drive device with a power output end that can move back and forth, and the power output end of the lifting adjustment device passes through the mounting seat and is fixed to the lifting drive device; a vertically arranged slider and rail mechanism is connected between the mounting seat and the lifting drive device, and the vertically arranged slider and rail mechanism includes a lifting adjustment rail fixed to the surface of the lifting drive device along the axial direction of the lifting drive device and a lifting adjustment slider fixed on the mounting seat and slidably matched with the lifting adjustment rail.

[0013] Furthermore, the horizontal driving device is a horizontally arranged linear driving device with a power output end that can move back and forth, and the power output end of the horizontal driving device is fixed to the mounting seat; the mounting seat is connected to a horizontally arranged slider rail mechanism, and the horizontally arranged slider rail mechanism includes a horizontal driving rail arranged along the left and right horizontal directions and a horizontal driving slider fixed on the mounting seat and slidingly matched with the horizontal driving rail.

[0014] Furthermore, the horizontal adjustment device is fixed on the mounting bracket along the horizontal direction, and the horizontal adjustment device is a horizontally arranged linear drive device with a power output end that can move back and forth, the power output end of the horizontal adjustment device is fixed to the mounting bracket, and the shell of the horizontal adjustment device and the shell of the horizontal drive device are fixed as an integral structure; a horizontally arranged slide rail and slider mechanism is connected between the integral structure and the mounting bracket, and the horizontally arranged slide rail and slider mechanism includes a horizontal adjustment slide rail fixed on the mounting bracket along the left and right horizontal directions and a horizontal adjustment slider fixed on the integral structure and slidingly matched with the horizontal adjustment slide rail.

[0015] The beneficial effect of the utility model is that the axle ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system designed by the utility model is composed of multiple components.

[0016] The lifting support device for the axle and wheelset supports both ends of the axle through the axle support mechanism, and adjusts the position of the supporting wheel assembly by switching the drive device to meet the support requirements of axles with bearings and axles without bearings, while not affecting the rotation of the axle itself. The shaft end flaw detection mechanism can be lifted and lowered with the axle support mechanism or relative to the axle support mechanism to achieve the fit of the shaft end flaw detection probe with the center plane of the axle end, and perform flaw detection on the root of the journal. The lifting and lowering of the axle and wheelset and the flaw detection of the shaft neck root do not require manual operation throughout the whole process, and the detection efficiency is high. The device for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheel seat embedded part of the axle and wheelset adjusts the position of the shaft body flaw detection probe through the lifting adjustment mechanism and the left and right adjustment mechanism. The detection coverage range of the shaft body flaw detection probe is large, which can meet the flaw detection requirements of axles of different models and sizes. There is no need to manually adjust the position of the shaft body flaw detection probe, which ensures full coverage of the wheel seat embedded part, improves the detection efficiency, and reduces the detection cost of the wheel seat embedded part.

[0017] Through the cooperation of the above-mentioned components, automatic flaw detection of the axle can be realized without manual operation, with high detection efficiency and low cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system for axles and wheelsets in the utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a front view of the ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system for axles and wheelsets in the utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the wheel axle and wheelset lifting support device of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a front view of the cooperation between the wheel axle, the wheelset lifting support device and the wheelset with bearings in the utility model;

[0022] Figure 5 It is a top view of the wheel axle and wheelset lifting support device of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a front view of the cooperation between the support bracket and the wheelset with bearings in the utility model;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a front view of the utility model in which the shaft end probe mounting bracket and the supporting bracket are connected through the shaft end probe bracket lifting cylinder;

[0025] Figure 8 A three-dimensional diagram of a device for ultrasonic flaw detection of a wheel axle and a wheel seat insert of a wheel set in the utility model;

[0026] Fig. 9It is a front view of the device for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheel axle and the wheel seat inserting part of the wheel set in the utility model;

[0027] Fig.10 It is a top view of the device for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheel axle and the wheel seat inserting part of the wheel set in the utility model;

[0028] Fig.11 It is a left side view of the device for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheel axle and the wheel seat inserting part of the wheel set in the utility model;

[0029] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of ultrasonic flaw detection of a vehicle axle by the axle end flaw detection probe and the axle body flaw detection probe of the utility model;

[0030] Among them, 201 is an axle support mechanism, 202 is an axle end probe mounting bracket, 203 is a support bracket, 204 is a lifter, 205 is a coupling, 206 is a steering gear, 207 is a motor reduction mechanism, 208 is a support bracket, 209 is a support wheel bracket, 210 is a support wheel, 211 is an axle end probe moving slide rail, 212 is an axle end probe moving slider, 213 is an axle end flaw detection probe, 214 is an axle end probe driving cylinder, 215 is a lifting guide rail, 216 is a lifting slider, 217 is a connecting shaft, 218 is a support wheel bracket driving cylinder, 219 is a support wheel bracket slide rail, 220 is an axle end probe bracket lifting cylinder;

[0031] 301—shaft flaw detection probe, 302—mounting seat, 303—lifting adjustment slide rail, 304—lifting adjustment slider, 305—horizontal drive slide rail, 306—horizontal drive slider, 307—mounting bracket (307.1—bracket top plate, 307.2—bracket straight plate), 308—horizontal adjustment slide rail, 309—horizontal adjustment slider, 310—lifting drive cylinder, 311—lifting adjustment cylinder, 312—horizontal drive cylinder, 313—horizontal adjustment cylinder;

[0032] 500—Axle and wheelset ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system, 501—System framework. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The utility model is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] like Figure 1 The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system for the wheelset axle journal root and wheel seat embedded part shown in -12 includes a wheel axle, a wheelset lifting support device and a device located above the wheel axle and the wheelset lifting support device for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheelset and the wheel seat embedded part of the wheelset.

[0035] like Figure 1—7 shows an axle and wheelset lifting support device, which includes a liftable axle support mechanism 201 and an axle end flaw detection mechanism that can be lifted and lowered synchronously with the axle support mechanism 201; or axle end flaw detection mechanism that can be lifted and lowered relative to the axle support mechanism 201.

[0036] The axle support mechanism 201 includes two support brackets 203 for supporting the left and right ends of the axle respectively, and the two support brackets 203 are connected to a support lifting mechanism for driving the two support brackets 203 to rise and fall synchronously; the support lifting mechanism includes two elevators 204 for driving the two support brackets 203 to rise and fall respectively, and the driving shafts of the two elevators 204 are connected to a motor reduction mechanism 207 through a coupling 205, a connecting shaft 217 and a steering gear 206. Both support brackets 203 are slidably arranged on a lifting guide rail 215 through a lifting slider 216, and the support bracket 203 is guided by the structure of the lifting guide rail 215 and the lifting slider 216 to ensure the lifting stability of the support bracket 203.

[0037] A support bracket 208 is fixed to one end of the support bracket 203 close to the axle. The support bracket 208 is used to support the wheel axle bearing, and the wheel axle bearing can rotate on the support bracket 208.

[0038] A support wheel bracket slide rail 219 is arranged on the support bracket 203 along the axle direction, and the support wheel bracket 209 is slidably matched with the support wheel bracket slide rail 219. Two support wheels 210 are arranged on the support wheel bracket 209, and the wheel axles of the two support wheels 210 are arranged on the support wheel bracket 209 in parallel along the axle direction. The space between the two support wheels 210 is the placement space of the wheel pair journal, and the surfaces of the two support wheels 210 can be in close contact with the surface of the wheel pair journal, and the wheel pair journal can rotate on the support wheel assembly. The top surfaces of the two support wheels 210 are located above the support surface of the support bracket 208, and the support wheel bracket 209 is connected to a switching drive device, which includes a support wheel bracket drive cylinder 218 arranged along the axle direction, and the piston rod end of the support wheel bracket drive cylinder 218 is fixed to the support wheel bracket 209. The support wheel bracket drive cylinder 218 can drive the support wheel bracket 209 to move to a working position that matches the wheel pair journal or a non-working position that does not match the wheel pair journal.

[0039] The shaft end flaw detection mechanism includes a shaft end flaw detection probe 213, a shaft end flaw detection probe height adjustment mechanism and a shaft end flaw detection probe horizontal adjustment mechanism.

[0040] The shaft end flaw detection probe height adjustment mechanism includes two shaft end probe mounting brackets 202 respectively located above the support bracket 203 and two shaft end probe bracket lifting cylinders 220 respectively used to drive the two shaft end probe mounting brackets 202 to rise and fall. Figure 7As shown, the housing of the shaft end probe bracket lifting cylinder 220 is fixed on the support bracket 203, and the piston rod end of the shaft end probe bracket lifting cylinder 220 is fixed to the shaft end probe mounting bracket 202. The shaft end probe mounting bracket 202 is slidably connected to the lifting guide rail 215 through the lifting slider 216. The shaft end flaw detection probe 213 and the shaft end flaw detection probe horizontal adjustment mechanism are lifted synchronously with the support bracket 203 or lifted relative to the support bracket 203 through the shaft end probe bracket lifting cylinder 220.

[0041] The horizontal adjustment mechanism of the shaft end flaw detection probe includes a shaft end probe driving cylinder 214 fixed on the shaft end probe mounting bracket 202 and a shaft end flaw detection probe 213 fixed on the piston rod of the shaft end probe driving cylinder 214. The shaft end probe driving cylinder 214 drives the shaft end flaw detection probe 213 to reciprocate along the axial direction of the axle, and to fit or separate from the end face of the axle. The shaft end probe mounting bracket 202 is provided with a shaft end probe moving slide rail 211, and the shaft end flaw detection probe 213 is slidably connected to the shaft end probe moving slide rail 211 through the shaft end probe moving slider 212. The shaft end flaw detection probe 213 is horizontally guided by the structure of the shaft end probe moving slider 212 and the shaft end probe moving slide rail 211.

[0042] like Figure 8The device for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheel seat insert of the wheel axle and the wheel set shown in FIG. 11 comprises two shaft flaw detection probes 301, a lifting adjustment mechanism for adjusting the vertical position of the two shaft flaw detection probes 301, and a left-right adjustment mechanism for adjusting the horizontal position of the lifting adjustment mechanism. The lifting adjustment mechanism comprises two vertically arranged lifting drive cylinders 310 for driving the shaft flaw detection probes 301 to lift and lower, and two cylinder shafts fixed to the shell of the lifting drive cylinder 310, and a lifting adjustment cylinder 311 for adjusting the vertical position of the lifting drive cylinder 310. The two lifting adjustment cylinders 311 are respectively fixed vertically on two mounting seats 302, and the mounting seat 302 and the lifting drive cylinder 310 cooperate with each other through the lifting adjustment slide rail 303 fixed on the shell of the lifting drive cylinder 310 and the lifting adjustment slider 304 fixed on the mounting seat 302 to realize the stable lifting of the lifting drive cylinder 310. The left-right adjustment mechanism includes two horizontal driving rails 305, two mounting seats 302 are slidably connected to the two horizontal driving rails 305 through horizontal driving sliders 306, a mounting bracket 307 is fixed in the middle of the two horizontal driving rails 305, a horizontal adjustment rail 308 is fixed to the middle bottom surface of the mounting bracket 307, two horizontal adjustment cylinders 313 are slidably connected to the horizontal adjustment rail 308 through horizontal adjustment sliders 309, the shells of the two horizontal adjustment cylinders 313 are respectively fixed to the shells of the two horizontal driving cylinders 312 as an integral structure, and the cylinder shafts of the two horizontal driving cylinders 312 are respectively fixed to the two mounting seats 302. The mounting bracket 307 includes a bracket top plate 307.1 and two bracket straight plates 307.2 vertically connected to the bottom of the bracket top plate 307.1, and the cylinder shafts of the two horizontal adjustment cylinders 313 are respectively fixed to the two bracket straight plates 307.2.

[0043] The axle flaw detection method of the ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system for the wheel set journal root and the wheel seat inlay part designed by the utility model is: after the wheel axle and the wheel set are transported to the flaw detection station, the motor reduction mechanism 207 is actuated to drive the two support brackets 203 to rise, and the two ends of the axle are supported on the support brackets 203. If the two ends of the axle are equipped with bearings, the two ends of the axle are supported on the support brackets 208. If the two ends of the axle are not equipped with bearings, the support wheel bracket driving cylinder 218 drives the support wheel bracket 209 to move along the support wheel bracket slide rail 219 to the bottom of the axle journal, and the axle journal is supported on the support wheel 210. The motor reduction mechanism 207 is actuated to drive the two support brackets 203 to lift the axle up. After the support bracket 203 lifts the axle, the shaft end probe mounting bracket 202 is driven by the shaft end probe bracket lifting cylinder 220 to move along the lifting guide rail 215, so that the shaft end flaw detection probe 213 is directly opposite to the shaft end center of the axle, and the shaft end probe driving cylinder 214 drives the shaft end flaw detection probe 213 to move axially along the axle, and the shaft end flaw detection probe 213 fits with the end face of the axle, and the shaft end flaw detection probe 213 emits ultrasonic waves to the root of the shaft neck to complete the flaw detection operation at the root of the shaft neck and then resets. The two horizontal adjustment cylinders 313 are in motion. Through the expansion and contraction of their cylinder shafts, the integral structure composed of the two horizontal drive cylinders 312 and the horizontal adjustment cylinder 313 moves along the horizontal adjustment rail 308, and the positions of the two mounting seats 302 on the horizontal drive rail 305 are adjusted. The two horizontal drive cylinders 312 drive the two mounting seats 302 to move along the horizontal drive rail 305, and the positions of the two mounting seats 302 on the horizontal drive rail 305 are adjusted for the second time, so that the detection positions of the two shaft flaw detection probes 301 can cover the entire axle. During the movement of the two mounting seats 302, the two lifting adjustment cylinders 311 respectively drive the two lifting drive cylinders 310 and the shaft flaw detection probes 301 at the bottom thereof to rise and fall. At the same time, the two lifting drive cylinders 310 respectively drive the shaft flaw detection probes 301 at the bottom thereof to rise and fall, so that the two shaft flaw detection probes 301 meet the axle detection requirements of various heights. Finally, the shaft end probe mounting bracket 202 and the supporting bracket 203 are reset with the movement.

[0044] like Fig.12 As shown, in the present invention, the shaft end flaw detection probe 213 is fitted with the center of the end face of the axle, and ultrasonic waves are emitted to the root of the shaft neck of the axle to detect flaws in the root of the shaft neck of the axle. At the same time, the two shaft end flaw detection probes 213 mutually transmit and receive axial ultrasonic waves to perform flaw detection operations on the inside of the axle. After the shaft body flaw detection probe 301 is fitted with the surface of the axle, ultrasonic waves are emitted to the wheel seat embedded area to detect flaws in the wheel seat embedded area of ​​the axle. The flaw detection operations of the shaft neck root and the wheel seat embedded area are completed by the wheel end flaw detection probe 213 and the shaft body flaw detection probe 301.

[0045] The axle ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system designed by the utility model is composed of multiple components.

[0046] The lifting support device for the axle and wheelset supports both ends of the axle through the axle support mechanism 201, and adjusts the position of the supporting wheel assembly by switching the driving device to meet the support requirements of the axle with bearings and the axle without bearings, while not affecting the rotation of the axle itself. The shaft end flaw detection mechanism can be lifted and lowered with the axle support mechanism 201 or relative to the axle support mechanism 201, so that the shaft end flaw detection probe 213 fits the center plane of the axle end, and the root of the shaft neck is detected. The device for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheel seat embedded part of the axle and wheelset adjusts the position of the shaft body flaw detection probe 301 through the lifting adjustment mechanism and the left and right adjustment mechanism. The shaft body flaw detection probe 301 has a large detection coverage range and can meet the flaw detection requirements of axles of different models and sizes. There is no need to manually adjust the position of the shaft body flaw detection probe 301, which ensures full coverage of the wheel seat embedded part area, improves the detection efficiency, and reduces the detection cost of the wheel seat embedded part.

[0047] Through the cooperation of the above-mentioned components, automatic flaw detection of the axle can be realized without manual operation, with high detection efficiency and low cost.

[0048] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the utility model, and does not limit the structure of the utility model in any form. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the utility model still falls within the scope of the technical solution of the utility model.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system for the root of the wheelset axle journal and the wheel seat insert, characterized in that: It includes a wheel axle, a wheelset lifting support device, and a device located above the wheel axle and the wheelset lifting support device for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheel axle and the wheel seat inserting part of the wheelset; The axle and wheelset lifting support device comprises a liftable axle support mechanism (201) and an axle end flaw detection mechanism that can be lifted and lowered synchronously with the axle support mechanism (201); or can be lifted and lowered relative to the axle support mechanism (201); the axle support mechanism (201) comprises two support brackets (203) for supporting the left and right ends of the axle respectively; the support brackets (203) are provided with support brackets (208) for supporting the wheel axle bearing and a support wheel assembly for supporting the wheel set journal; the wheel axle bearing can rotate on the support brackets (208), and the wheelset journal can rotate on the support wheel assembly; the axle end flaw detection mechanism comprises an axle end flaw detection probe (213), an axle end flaw detection probe height adjustment mechanism, and an axle end flaw detection probe horizontal adjustment mechanism; the axle end flaw detection probe (213) and the axle end flaw detection probe horizontal adjustment mechanism can be lifted and lowered synchronously with the axle support mechanism (201) or can be lifted and lowered relative to the axle support mechanism (201) through the axle end flaw detection probe height adjustment mechanism; The device for ultrasonically inspecting the wheel axle and the wheel seat embedded part of the wheel set comprises an axle body flaw detection probe (301), a lifting adjustment mechanism for adjusting the upper and lower vertical positions of the axle body flaw detection probe (301), and a left and right adjustment mechanism for adjusting the left and right horizontal positions of the lifting adjustment mechanism.

2. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system for the wheelset axle journal root and wheel seat insert as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The two support brackets (203) are connected to a support lifting mechanism for driving the two support brackets (203) to rise and fall synchronously; The support lifting mechanism comprises two lifts (204) respectively used to drive the two support brackets (203) to lift and lower, and the driving shafts of the two lifts (204) are connected to a motor reduction mechanism (207) via a coupling (205), a connecting shaft (217) and a steering gear (206).

3. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system for the wheelset journal root and wheel seat insert as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The support wheel assembly comprises a support wheel bracket (209) and at least two support wheels (210) arranged on the support wheel bracket (209); the wheel axles of the two support wheels (210) are arranged on the support wheel bracket (209) in parallel along the axle direction; the space between the two support wheels (210) is a placement space for the wheelset journal; and the surfaces of the two support wheels (210) can be in close contact with the surface of the wheelset journal.

4. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system for the wheelset axle journal root and wheel seat insert as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The support wheel assembly is connected to a switching drive device that can drive it to move to a working position that matches with the wheelset journal or a non-working position that does not match with the wheelset journal; the switching drive device comprises a linear reciprocating drive device arranged along the axle direction, and the driving end of the linear reciprocating drive device is fixed to the support wheel bracket (209).

5. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system for the wheelset axle journal root and wheel seat insert as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The shaft end flaw detection probe height adjustment mechanism comprises two shaft end probe mounting brackets (202) respectively located above the support bracket (203) and two probe lifting mechanisms respectively used to drive the two shaft end probe mounting brackets (202) to rise and fall. The probe lifting mechanism comprises a lifting fixing portion fixed to the support bracket (203) and a lifting movable portion fixed to the shaft end probe mounting bracket (202) and capable of driving the shaft end probe mounting bracket (202) to rise and fall along a straight line reciprocating motion. The shaft end probe mounting bracket (202) is provided with the shaft end flaw detection probe horizontal driving mechanism and the shaft end flaw detection probe (213).

6. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system for the wheelset axle journal root and wheel seat insert as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The shaft end flaw detection probe horizontal adjustment mechanism comprises a shaft end probe horizontal drive mechanism fixed on the shaft end probe mounting bracket (202) and the shaft end flaw detection probe (213) fixed on the power output end of the shaft end probe horizontal drive mechanism; the shaft end probe horizontal drive mechanism comprises a horizontal fixing portion fixed on the shaft end probe mounting bracket (202) and a horizontal movable portion fixed to the shaft end flaw detection probe (213) and capable of driving the shaft end flaw detection probe (213) to reciprocate along the axial direction of the axle and to fit or separate from the end surface of the axle.

7. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system for the wheelset axle journal root and wheel seat insert as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting adjustment mechanism comprises a lifting drive device for driving the shaft flaw detection probe (301) to lift and lower, and a lifting adjustment device for adjusting the upper and lower vertical positions of the lifting drive device; the left and right adjustment mechanism comprises a horizontal driving device for driving the lifting adjustment device to move horizontally left and right, and a horizontal adjustment device for adjusting the left and right horizontal positions of the horizontal driving device.

8. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system for the wheelset axle journal root and wheel seat insert as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The lifting drive device is a linear drive device arranged vertically and having a reciprocating power output end, and the shaft body flaw detection probe (301) is fixed to the power output end of the lifting drive device; the lifting adjustment device is vertically fixed to the mounting seat (302), and the lifting adjustment device is a linear drive device having a reciprocating power output end, and the power output end of the lifting adjustment device passes through the mounting seat (302) and is fixed to the lifting drive device; a vertically arranged slider rail mechanism is connected between the mounting seat (302) and the lifting drive device, and the vertically arranged slider rail mechanism comprises a lifting adjustment rail (303) fixed to the surface of the lifting drive device along the axial direction of the lifting drive device and a lifting adjustment slider (304) fixed to the mounting seat (302) and slidingly matched with the lifting adjustment rail (303).

9. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system for the wheelset axle journal root and wheel seat insert as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The horizontal driving device is a linear driving device which is arranged horizontally and has a power output end which can move back and forth. The power output end of the horizontal driving device is fixed to the mounting seat (302). The mounting seat (302) is connected to a horizontally arranged slider rail mechanism. The horizontally arranged slider rail mechanism includes a horizontal driving rail (305) arranged along the left and right horizontal directions and a horizontal driving slider (306) fixed on the mounting seat (302) and slidably matched with the horizontal driving rail (305).

10. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system for the wheelset axle journal root and wheel seat insert as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: The horizontal adjustment device is fixed on the mounting bracket (307) in the horizontal direction. The horizontal adjustment device is a horizontally arranged linear drive device with a power output end that can move back and forth. The power output end of the horizontal adjustment device is fixed to the mounting bracket (307). The shell of the horizontal adjustment device and the shell of the horizontal drive device are fixed to form an integral structure. A horizontally arranged slide rail and slider mechanism is connected between the integral structure and the mounting bracket (307). The horizontally arranged slide rail and slider mechanism includes a horizontal adjustment slide rail (308) fixed on the mounting bracket (307) in the left and right horizontal directions and a horizontal adjustment slider (309) fixed on the integral structure and slidably matched with the horizontal adjustment slide rail (308).

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