Intelligent beam switching device for beam forming

Abstract

The utility model relates to an intelligent beam switching device for beam forming. The intelligent beam switching device comprises an antenna array, a distance measuring sensor, a multi-channel signal generator and a computer, the computer is electrically connected with the multi-channel signal generator and the distance measuring sensor respectively; the antenna array is electrically connected with the multi-channel signal generator; the antenna array comprises two micro-strip-quasi-yagi antenna units and eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky-wave antenna units; the antenna units are linearly arranged, and the two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antenna units are located at the two ends of the linear arrangement respectively and are in central symmetry. The slot length, the slot width and the slot period of each substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky-wave antenna unit are preset parameters; and the radiation directions of the two microstrip-quasi-yagi antenna units and the eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky-wave antenna units are designed according to a preset angle in sequence. The method has the effects of improving the problem of non-uniform signal coverage in limited spaces such as a tunnel, enabling the beam intensities at the far and near positions to be the same, and improving the efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna engineering, and in particular to a beamforming intelligent beam switching device. Background Art

[0002] Efficient and reliable signal coverage is an important guarantee for the safe operation of trains in tunnels. When traditional equal-amplitude multi-beam smart antennas are applied to such confined spaces, they can only achieve adaptive switching of beam directions, and cannot control beam intensity and beam coverage according to changes in radiation angle and distance, resulting in excessive power in the near field. In the near field area close to the antenna, excessively strong radio waves are prone to significant scattering and reflection on the hard boundaries of the confined space, causing serious signal fading. The power in the distance is insufficient and cannot meet the requirements of stable and uniform received power, and the system power consumption is large. Research on radio wave coverage equipment that can provide stable and uniform coverage of radio waves in confined spaces and further improve system efficiency is an issue that we urgently need to solve. Utility Model Content

[0003] In order to improve the problem of uneven signal coverage in confined spaces such as tunnels, the present application provides a beamforming intelligent beam switching device.

[0004] The present application provides a beamforming intelligent beam switching device that adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A beamforming intelligent beam switching device comprises an antenna array, a ranging sensor, a multi-channel signal generator and a computer; the computer is electrically connected to the multi-channel signal generator and the ranging sensor respectively; the antenna array is electrically connected to the multi-channel signal generator;

[0006] The antenna array (1) comprises two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antenna units (11) and eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna units (12); the two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antenna units (11) and the eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna units (12) are arranged linearly, and the two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antenna units (11) are respectively located at two ends of the linear arrangement and are centrally symmetrical; the slot length, slot width and slot period of each substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna unit (12) are all preset parameters;

[0007] The radiation directions of the two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antenna units and the eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna units are designed in turn according to preset angles.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the ranging sensor is used to measure the distance between the user and the antenna, and sends a ranging signal to the computer. The computer outputs the position information in the ranging signal as position data through software, and different position areas correspond to different antenna units. The slot period of the substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna is calculated to design the radiation direction of the antenna unit; the width and length of the slot are designed to adjust the gain and beam width of the beam; the gain of two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antennas and eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna units is calculated by Chebyshev calculation as a whole, so that the radiation beam of the ten antenna units meets the flat-top beamforming requirements. The computer program generates position data according to the position information of the ranging sensor, sends instructions to the multi-channel signal generator, and can intelligently control the multi-channel signal generator to feed a specific antenna unit. The utility model can make the signal uniformly covered in a confined space, and at the same time, improve the system working efficiency through intelligent beam switching.

[0009] Optionally, the slot lengths of the substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna unit (12) are 12 mm, 12 mm, 11.8 mm, 12 mm, 12 mm, 11.8 mm, 12 mm, 12 mm, 12 mm in the order of the arrangement direction of the linear array.

[0010] Optionally, the slot periods of the substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna unit (12) are 32.3 mm, 26.7 mm, 22.8 mm, 18.3 mm, 18.3 mm, 22.8 mm, 26.7 mm, and 32.3 mm in the arrangement direction of the linear array.

[0011] Optionally, the preset distance between the two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antenna units and the eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leakage antenna units is not less than 10 mm.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the mutual coupling between adjacent antenna units can be reduced by setting the spacing to be not less than 10 mm.

[0013] Optionally, the antenna array is electrically connected to the multi-channel signal generator via 10 coaxial cables, and the 10 coaxial cables electrically connect two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antenna units and eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna units to the multi-channel signal generator respectively.

[0014] Optionally, the resistance of the coaxial cables is 50 ohms.

[0015] Optionally, the operating frequency bands of the two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antenna units and the eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky-wave antenna units are all 10 GHz.

[0016] Optionally, it also includes a display, which is electrically connected to the computer.

[0017] Optionally, the feeding parts of the two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antenna units and the eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna units are designed as gradient microstrip line feeding.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, impedance matching and easy integration are achieved.

[0019] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0020] 1. The distance sensor is used to measure the distance between the user and the antenna, and sends a distance signal to the computer. The computer outputs the position information in the distance signal as position data through software, and different position areas correspond to different antenna units. The slot period of the substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna is calculated to design the radiation direction of the antenna unit; the width and length of the slot are designed to control the gain and beam width of the beam; the gain of two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antennas and eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna units is calculated by Chebyshev calculation as a whole, so that the radiation beam of the ten antenna units meets the flat-top beamforming requirements. The computer program generates position data according to the position information of the distance sensor, sends instructions to the multi-channel signal generator, and can intelligently control the multi-channel signal generator to feed specific antenna units. The utility model can achieve uniform signal coverage in a confined space, and at the same time, through intelligent beam switching, it also has the effect of improving work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a system composition diagram of a beamforming intelligent beam switching device in an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the antenna array in an embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Figure 3 It is the superimposed three-dimensional radiation pattern of the electromagnetic wave simulation of the antenna array in the embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. antenna array; 11. microstrip-quasi-Yagi antenna unit; 12. substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna unit; 2. ranging sensor; 3. multi-channel signal generator; 4. computer; 5. display. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, the following Figure 1-3 It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0026] Efficient and reliable signal coverage is an important guarantee for the safe operation of trains in tunnels. When traditional equal-amplitude multi-beam smart antennas are applied to such confined spaces, they can only achieve adaptive switching of beam directions, and cannot control beam intensity and beam coverage according to changes in radiation angle and distance, resulting in excessive power in the near field. In the near field area close to the antenna, excessively strong radio waves are prone to significant scattering and reflection on the hard boundaries of the confined space, causing serious signal fading. The power in the distance is insufficient and cannot meet the requirements of stable and uniform received power, and the system power consumption is large. Research on radio wave coverage equipment that can provide stable and uniform coverage of radio waves in confined spaces and further improve system efficiency is an issue that we urgently need to solve.

[0027] The present application embodiment discloses a beamforming intelligent beam switching device. Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a beamforming intelligent beam switching device includes an antenna array 1, a ranging sensor 2, a multi-channel signal generator 3 and a computer 4. The computer 4 is electrically connected to the multi-channel signal generator 3 and the ranging sensor 2 respectively. The antenna array 1 is electrically connected to the multi-channel signal generator 3. The ranging sensor 2 is used to measure the distance between the user and the antenna, and sends a ranging signal to the computer 4. After the computer 4 receives the ranging signal, the computer 4 outputs the position information in the ranging signal as position data through software, and different position areas correspond to different antenna units. The software program that generates position data through the ranging signal and the computer 4 feeds the antenna unit according to the position data is a technical means that can be implemented by the prior art. The output of the ranging sensor 2 is a difference frequency signal obtained by mixing the transmission and reception signals. The frequency of the difference frequency signal is determined by the distance between the user and the antenna. Therefore, the distance information of the target can be obtained from it; and the user's position information can be obtained through signal processing. At the same time, it also includes a display 5, which is electrically connected to the computer 4 and is used to receive the position data output by the computer 4, so as to display the distance between the user and the antenna array 1.

[0028] The antenna array 1 includes two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antenna units 11 and eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna units 12. The two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antenna units 11 and the eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna units 12 are arranged linearly, and the two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antenna units 11 are respectively located at the two ends of the linear arrangement, wherein the two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antenna units 11 are centrally symmetrical. The radiation directions of the antenna array 1 are 90°, 60°, 45°, 30°, 15°, -15°, -30°, -45°, -60° and -90° in the order of linear arrangement. The slot length, slot width and slot period of each substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna unit are designed as preset parameters. In the embodiment of the present application, the preset parameters are preferably: the slot lengths of the substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna unit 12 are 12mm, 12mm, 11.8mm, 12mm, 12mm, 11.8mm, 12mm, 12mm, 12mm in the arrangement direction of the linear array. The slot widths are 4mm, 4.4mm, 4.6mm, 4.5mm, 4.5mm, 4.6mm, 4.4mm, 4mm in the arrangement direction of the linear array. The slot period is 32.3mm, 26.7mm, 22.8mm, 18.3mm, 18.3mm, 22.8mm, 26.7mm, 32.3mm in the arrangement direction of the linear array.

[0029] The two quasi-Yagi antenna units 11 and the eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna units 12 are isolated by an electromagnetic bandgap structure, thereby reducing the mutual coupling between adjacent antenna units. In the embodiment of the present application, the spacing between two adjacent antenna units is not less than 10 mm. The feeding parts of the two quasi-Yagi antenna units 11 and the eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna units 12 are designed as gradient microstrip line feeding. The two types of antennas in the above-mentioned antenna array 1 have a total of 10 antenna units, which are electrically connected to the channels of the multi-channel signal generator 3 by coaxial cables. The resistance of the 10 coaxial cables is 50 ohms, and the output impedance of the multi-channel signal generator 3 and the input impedance of the antenna unit are also 50 ohms. The antenna array medium uses a dielectric substrate F4BM-2 with a dielectric constant of 3.2 and a thickness of 1.524 mm.

[0030] The antenna array 1 uses 10 antenna units, and the radiation direction of the antenna unit is designed according to a preset angle. The slot period of the substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna 12 is calculated to design the radiation direction of the antenna unit; the length and width of the slot are designed to control the gain and beam width of the beam; the gain of the two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antennas 11 and the eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna units 12 is calculated by Chebyshev calculation as a whole, so that the radiation beam of the ten antenna units meets the flat-top beamforming requirements. Chebyshev formula: The theoretical relationship between the beam pointing angle and the corresponding electric field strength should satisfy: E1: E2: E3: E4 = secθ1: secθ2: secθ3: secθ4 = 1.06: 1.22: 1.56: 2.

[0031] Note that since the radiation angles of the eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna units are symmetric about the center, the above formula only gives four data of the radiation direction angle from side-fire to end-fire.

[0032] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that the beam strength and gain of each antenna unit in the antenna array 1 designed in this application are different, and each curve represents the radiation direction and gain of an antenna unit at a corresponding angle. The shape of the synthetic beam is a flat-top shape, and the overall radiation direction can cover positive and negative 90°. The span breaks through the radiation direction limitation of the general beamforming antenna, and can achieve uniform signal coverage in a long and straight confined space. At the same time, through intelligent beam switching, the effect of improving the system working efficiency is achieved.

[0033] The implementation principle of a beamforming intelligent beam switching device in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: the ranging sensor 2 is used to measure the distance between the user and the antenna array 1, and sends a ranging signal to the computer 4. The computer 4 outputs the position information in the ranging signal as position data through software, and different position areas correspond to different antenna units. The slot period of the substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna 12 is calculated to design the radiation direction of the antenna unit; the width and length of the slot are designed to control the gain and beam width of the beam; the gain of the two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antennas 11 and the eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna units 12 is calculated as a whole, so that the radiation beams of the ten antenna units meet the flat-top beamforming requirements. The computer program generates position data according to the ranging sensor position 2 information, sends instructions to the multi-channel signal generator 4, and can intelligently control the multi-channel signal generator 4 to feed specific antenna units. The utility model can achieve uniform signal coverage in a confined space, and at the same time, through intelligent beam switching, it also has the effect of improving work efficiency.

[0034] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Any feature disclosed in this specification (including the abstract and drawings), unless otherwise stated, can be replaced by other equivalent or alternative features with similar purposes. That is, unless otherwise stated, each feature is only an example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

Claims

1. A beamforming intelligent beam switching device, characterized in that: The invention comprises an antenna array (1), a distance measuring sensor (2), a multi-channel signal generator (3) and a computer (4); the computer (4) is electrically connected to the multi-channel signal generator (3) and the distance measuring sensor (2) respectively; the antenna array (1) is electrically connected to the multi-channel signal generator (3); The antenna array (1) comprises two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antenna units (11) and eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna units (12); the two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antenna units (11) and the eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna units (12) are arranged linearly, and the two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antenna units (11) are respectively located at two ends of the linear arrangement and are centrally symmetrical; the slot length, slot width and slot period of each substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna unit (12) are all preset parameters; The radiation directions of the two quasi-Yagi antenna units (11) and the eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna units (12) are designed in sequence according to preset angles.

2. The beamforming intelligent beam switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slot lengths of the substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna unit (12) are 12 mm, 12 mm, 11.8 mm, 12 mm, 12 mm, 11.8 mm, 12 mm, 12 mm, 12 mm in sequence according to the arrangement direction of the linear array.

3. The beamforming intelligent beam switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slot widths of the substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna unit (12) are 4mm, 4.4mm, 4.6mm, 4.5mm, 4.5mm, 4.6mm, 4.4mm and 4mm in sequence according to the arrangement direction of the linear array.

4. The beamforming intelligent beam switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slot periods of the substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna unit (12) are 32.3 mm, 26.7 mm, 22.8 mm, 18.3 mm, 18.3 mm, 22.8 mm, 26.7 mm and 32.3 mm in sequence according to the arrangement direction of the linear array.

5. The beamforming intelligent beam switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset distance between the two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antenna units (11) and the eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leakage antenna units (12) is not less than 10 mm.

6. The beamforming intelligent beam switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna array (1) is electrically connected to a multi-channel signal generator (3) via 10 coaxial cables, and the 10 coaxial cables electrically connect two microstrip-quasi-Yagi antenna units (11) and eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna units (12) to the multi-channel signal generator (3), respectively.

7. The beamforming intelligent beam switching device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The resistance of the coaxial cables is 50 ohms.

8. The beamforming intelligent beam switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operating frequency bands of the two quasi-Yagi antenna units (11) and the eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna units (12) are both 10 GHz.

9. The beamforming intelligent beam switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a display (5), wherein the display (5) is electrically connected to the computer (4).

10. The beamforming intelligent beam switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding parts of the two quasi-Yagi antenna units (11) and the eight substrate integrated waveguide slot leaky wave antenna units (12) are designed as gradient microstrip line feeding.

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