Protection circuit of power generation control panel and low-pressure-difference gas power generation control panel

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of gas power generation, in particular to a protection circuit of a power generation control panel and a low-pressure-difference gas power generation control panel. The circuit comprises a voltage sampling circuit used for collecting the output voltage of the generator; the rotating speed detection circuit is used for collecting the rotating speed of the generator; the control circuit is connected with the voltage sampling circuit and the rotating speed detection circuit and used for controlling a stop valve on the generator to cut off an air source of the generator when the output voltage of the generator is larger than a first threshold value or the rotating speed of the generator is larger than a preset rotating speed so that the generator can stop working. And the voltage protection circuit is connected with the control circuit and is used for cutting off power supply of the generator when the control circuit fails and the output voltage of the generator is greater than a preset voltage value. According to the circuit, through a multi-stage protection mechanism, the problem that a rear-end load is damaged due to high voltage output by the generator is avoided, and the stability of rear-end load protection is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of gas-fired power generation, and further to a protection circuit of a power generation control panel and a low-pressure difference gas-fired power generation control panel. Background Art

[0002] Natural gas pressure difference power generation technology is a technology that uses the pipeline pressure difference between the natural gas inlet and outlet to generate electricity. Its basic principle is to properly reduce the pressure of the medium and high pressure natural gas at the inlet and input it into the driving wheel of the generator, converting the pressure difference energy of the natural gas into mechanical energy, driving the generator driving wheel to run quickly, and using the interactive movement of the stator and rotor inside the generator to convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy again, thus realizing pressure difference power generation.

[0003] At present, most of the electricity generated by gas pressure difference is AC, and the frequency and power of electricity generation are closely related to the speed of the generator. Due to the different gas source flow rates and pressure differences of different pressure regulating stations, high requirements are placed on the gas power generation control panel. When the pressure difference is high and the gas source flow rate is large, the generator speed increases, and the high voltage output easily exceeds the limit that the rear-end load can withstand, thus causing damage to the rear-end load. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a protection circuit for a power generation control board and a low-pressure difference gas power generation control board, which avoids the problem of damage to the rear-end load caused by high voltage and improves the stability of the protection of the rear-end load.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present application provides a protection circuit for a power generation control board, including: a voltage sampling circuit for collecting the output voltage of a generator; a speed detection circuit for collecting the speed of the generator; a control circuit, connected to the voltage sampling circuit and the speed detection circuit respectively, for controlling a cut-off valve on the generator to cut off the gas source of the generator and stop the generator when the output voltage of the generator is greater than a first threshold or the speed of the generator is greater than a preset speed. A voltage protection circuit, connected to the control circuit, for cutting off the power supply of the generator when the control circuit fails and the output voltage of the generator is greater than a preset voltage value.

[0006] The protection circuit of the above power generation control board realizes multi-level protection of the rear-end load by controlling the cut-off valve to cut off the generator gas source and the voltage protection circuit to cut off the output voltage of the generator to supply power to the rear-end load through the control circuit, avoiding the problem of damage to the rear-end load caused by the high voltage output of the generator and improving the stability of the protection of the rear-end load. The control circuit also controls the working state of the generator through the speed of the generator, improving the compatibility of this solution.

[0007] In one implementation, the preset voltage value includes a second threshold value, and the voltage protection circuit includes: an overvoltage protection circuit, which is used to cut off the power supply of the generator when the control circuit fails and the output voltage of the generator is greater than the second threshold value; the overvoltage protection circuit includes: a first voltage regulator, a first MOS tube, a first triode, a second triode, a first resistor, a second resistor, a fourth resistor, and a fifth resistor; the base of the first triode is connected to the anode of the first voltage regulator, the collector of the first triode is connected to the first resistor, and the emitter of the first triode is grounded; one end of the fifth resistor is connected to the base of the first triode, and the other end is grounded; one end of the second resistor is connected to the source of the first MOS tube, and the other end is connected to the collector of the second triode; the fourth resistor is connected between the first MOS tube and the second triode; the base of the second triode is connected to the collector of the first triode, the collector of the second triode is connected to the gate of the first MOS tube, and the emitter of the second triode is grounded.

[0008] In the protection circuit of the above power generation control board, the overvoltage protection circuit triggers a series of protection actions when the generator output voltage is greater than the second threshold. At this time, the first voltage regulator starts working, and the first transistor is turned on when the base voltage is determined by the first voltage regulator and the fifth resistor, causing the second transistor to be cut off. This chain reaction causes the first MOS tube to be cut off, cutting off the transmission of the generator output voltage to the back-end VCC, preventing possible damage to the back-end load. At the same time, the overvoltage protection circuit can respond immediately when it detects that the generator output voltage is greater than the second threshold, thereby improving the efficiency and stability of the protection of the back-end load.

[0009] In one implementation, the overvoltage protection circuit also includes: a third resistor and a second voltage regulator tube; the third resistor is connected between the first voltage regulator tube and the fifth resistor; the cathode of the second voltage regulator tube is connected to the source of the first MOS tube, and the anode of the second voltage regulator tube is connected to the fourth resistor.

[0010] In one implementation, the preset voltage value includes a third threshold, and the voltage protection circuit further includes: an overcurrent protection circuit, used to cut off the power supply of the generator when the control circuit fails and the output voltage of the generator is greater than the third threshold; the overcurrent protection circuit includes: a fuse and a TVS diode; one end of the fuse is connected to the drain of the first MOS tube, and the other end is grounded through the TVS diode.

[0011] In the protection circuit of the above power generation control board, when the generator output voltage abnormally rises and exceeds the third threshold, the TVS diode D4 quickly breaks down and short-circuits, causing the circuit board current to surge, triggering the fuse F1 to burn out, effectively cutting off the power supply to the back-end VCC, ensuring the safety of the back-end load in extreme cases such as damage to the generator cut-off valve, failure of the control circuit, and failure of the overvoltage protection circuit. In addition, even if the back-end load itself is short-circuited, the same protection mechanism can cut off the current in time to avoid the spread of damage, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the entire power system.

[0012] In one implementation, the voltage sampling circuit includes: an eighth resistor, a tenth resistor, and a first filter capacitor; the eighth resistor is connected to the voltage sampling pin of the control circuit; one end of the tenth resistor is connected to the eighth resistor, and the other end is grounded; one end of the first filter capacitor is connected to the eighth resistor, and the other end is grounded.

[0013] In one implementation, the voltage sampling circuit also includes: an emitter follower and a ninth resistor; the input end of the emitter follower is connected to the eighth resistor, one end of the ninth resistor is connected to the output end of the emitter follower, and the other end is connected to the voltage sampling pin of the control circuit.

[0014] In one implementation, the speed detection circuit includes: a speed detection interface, a second pin of the speed detection interface is connected to a first speed detection pin of the control circuit, and a third pin of the speed detection interface is connected to a second speed detection pin of the control circuit, for sending the collected speed pulse signal of the generator to the control circuit.

[0015] In one implementation, the speed detection circuit also includes: a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, and a second filter capacitor; one end of the second filter capacitor is connected to the first pin of the speed detection interface, and the other end is grounded; one end of the sixth resistor is connected to the second pin of the speed detection interface, and the other end is connected to the second filter capacitor; one end of the seventh resistor is connected to the third pin of the speed detection interface, and the other end is connected to the second filter capacitor.

[0016] In one implementation, it also includes: a rectifier circuit, which is connected to the generator and is used to convert the alternating current output by the generator into direct current; and an energy storage circuit, which is connected between the voltage protection circuit and the control circuit and is used to supply power to the control circuit when the generator stops working.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a low-pressure difference gas-fired power generation control board, comprising a protection circuit of any of the above-mentioned gas-fired power generation control boards.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. The control circuit controls the cut-off valve to cut off the generator gas source and the voltage protection circuit cuts off the generator output voltage to supply power to the rear-end load, realizing multi-level protection of the rear-end load, avoiding the problem of damage to the rear-end load caused by high voltage, and improving the stability of the rear-end load protection. The control circuit also controls the working state of the generator through the speed of the generator, improving the compatibility of this solution.

[0020] 2. When the generator output voltage is greater than the second threshold, the overvoltage protection circuit triggers a series of protection actions. At this time, the first voltage regulator starts working, and the first transistor is turned on when the base voltage is determined by the first voltage regulator and the fifth resistor, causing the second transistor to be cut off. This chain reaction causes the first MOS tube to be cut off, cutting off the transmission of the generator output voltage to the back-end VCC, preventing possible damage to the back-end load. At the same time, when the overvoltage protection circuit detects that the generator output voltage is greater than the second threshold, it can respond immediately, improving the efficiency and stability of the protection of the back-end load.

[0021] 3. Overcurrent protection circuit When the generator output voltage abnormally rises and exceeds the third threshold, the TVS diode D4 quickly breaks down and short-circuits, causing the circuit board current to surge, triggering the fuse F1 to burn out, effectively cutting off the power supply to the back-end VCC, ensuring the safety of the back-end load in extreme cases such as damage to the generator cut-off valve, failure of the control circuit, and failure of the overvoltage protection circuit. In addition, even if the back-end load itself is short-circuited, the same protection mechanism can cut off the current in time to avoid the spread of damage, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the entire power system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The preferred implementation modes will be described below in a clear and understandable manner with reference to the accompanying drawings to further illustrate the above-mentioned characteristics, technical features, advantages and implementation methods of the present utility model.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a protection circuit of a power generation control board provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a voltage protection circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a voltage sampling circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a rotation speed detection circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0027] Figure 5 A structural schematic diagram of a rectifier circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0028] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0029] Figure 7 A structural schematic diagram of a control circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the specific implementation methods of the utility model will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings and other implementation methods can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0031] In order to simplify the drawings, only the parts related to the utility model are schematically shown in each figure, and they do not represent the actual structure of the product. In addition, in order to simplify the drawings and facilitate understanding, in some figures, only one of the parts with the same structure or function is schematically drawn or marked. In this article, "one" not only means "only one", but also means "more than one".

[0032] It should be further understood that the term “and / or” used in the specification and appended claims refers to any combination and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes these combinations.

[0033] In this article, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0034] In addition, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0035] It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as needed. The above are only preferred implementations of the utility model. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the utility model, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the utility model.

[0036] A gas-fired power generation control board is an electronic device specially designed to control gas-fired generator sets. It is responsible for monitoring and adjusting the operating status of the generator to ensure the stability and safety of the power generation process. This control board usually integrates multiple functions to adapt to different gas-fired power generation needs and conditions. Through sophisticated control strategies, the gas-fired power generation control board can achieve effective management of the generator set, improve power generation efficiency, and protect the equipment from damage. Common gas-fired power generation control boards include low-pressure difference gas-fired power generation control boards, high-pressure difference gas-fired power generation control boards, microgrid gas-fired power generation control boards, portable gas-fired power generation control boards, smart gas-fired power generation control boards, multi-fuel gas-fired power generation control boards, high-efficiency gas-fired power generation control boards, etc.

[0037] The low-pressure difference gas power generation control board monitors the operating status of the gas generator and adjusts the gas generator accordingly according to the operating status. For example, the low-pressure difference gas power generation control board can adjust the generator's speed, power generation frequency, temperature, start and stop, power supply, power output, etc. In the embodiment of the present application, when the gas generator is generating electricity, a protection circuit and a corresponding multi-level protection mechanism are set for the low-pressure difference gas power generation control board, which can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects: when the generator speed is too high and the output voltage is too large, the gas generator is shut down or the power supply of the gas generator is cut off, thereby avoiding the problem of damage to the rear-end load caused by high voltage; through the multi-level protection mechanism, the stability of the rear-end load protection is improved.

[0038] The following is a description with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0039] Reference Figure 1 , which shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a protection circuit of a power generation control board provided in an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 1As shown, it includes: a rectifier circuit 100, a voltage protection circuit 200, a control circuit 400, a voltage sampling circuit 500, and a speed detection circuit 600. The speed detection circuit 600 is connected to the generator and the control circuit 400 respectively, and is used to collect the speed of the generator; the input end of the rectifier circuit 100 is connected to the generator, and the output end of the rectifier circuit 100 is connected to the control circuit 400 through the voltage sampling circuit 500; the voltage sampling circuit 500 is used to collect the output voltage of the generator; the control circuit 400 is used to control the cut-off valve on the generator to cut off the gas source of the generator when the output voltage of the generator is greater than the first threshold value or the speed of the generator is greater than the preset speed, so that the generator stops working; the voltage protection circuit 200 is connected to the rectifier circuit 100 at one end and the control circuit 400 at the other end; it is used to cut off the power supply of the generator when the control circuit fails and the output voltage of the generator is greater than the preset voltage value.

[0040] In the embodiment of the present application, the generator (the generator may be a gas generator or other types of generators, which are not limited here) is connected to the rectifier circuit 100, which is used to convert the alternating current output by the generator into direct current, thereby obtaining the output voltage of the generator. The rectifier circuit 100 sends the output voltage of the generator to the voltage protection circuit 200 and the control circuit 400 through two branches respectively.

[0041] Taking the control circuit 400 as an example, the control circuit 400 obtains the output voltage of the generator output by the rectifier circuit 100 through the voltage sampling circuit 500. The control circuit 400 analyzes the output voltage of the generator to determine whether it is greater than a preset first threshold. If the output voltage of the generator is greater than the first threshold, it is considered that the voltage generated by the generator may cause damage to the rear-end load. The control circuit 400 will control the cut-off valve on the generator to cut off the gas source of the generator, so that the generator stops working to avoid damage to the rear-end load.

[0042] Taking the voltage protection circuit 200 as an example, the voltage protection circuit 200 receives the output voltage of the generator from the rectifier circuit 100. Under normal circumstances, the voltage protection circuit 200 is not working. When the cut-off valve on the generator is damaged or the control circuit 400 fails, and the output voltage of the generator is greater than the preset voltage value, the voltage protection circuit 200 starts automatically and cuts off the transmission of the output voltage of the generator to the rear-end load.

[0043] The generator is provided with a sensor for generating a pulse signal according to the rotation speed of the generator, and sending the pulse signal to the control circuit 400 through the rotation speed detection circuit 600. The control circuit 400 detects the pulse signal and analyzes it, and obtains the corresponding pulse frequency to obtain the rotation speed of the generator. When the rotation speed of the generator is greater than the preset rotation speed, it is considered that the voltage generated by the generator may cause damage to the rear-end load. The control circuit 400 will control the cut-off valve on the generator to cut off the gas source of the generator, so that the generator stops working.

[0044] The shut-off valve can be of various types, including but not limited to ball valves, butterfly valves, gate valves, stop valves, check valves, needle valves, plug valves, plunger valves, solenoid valves, safety valves, regulating valves, etc.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present application, the control circuit controls the cut-off valve to cut off the generator gas source and the voltage protection circuit cuts off the output voltage of the generator to supply power to the rear-end load, thereby realizing multi-level protection of the rear-end load, avoiding the problem of damage to the rear-end load caused by high voltage, and improving the stability of the protection of the rear-end load. The control circuit also controls the working state of the generator through the speed of the generator, thereby improving the compatibility of the present solution.

[0046] Reference Figure 2 , which shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a voltage protection circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 2 As shown, the preset voltage value includes a second threshold value, and the voltage protection circuit includes: an overvoltage protection circuit 210, which is used to cut off the power supply of the generator when the control circuit 400 fails and the output voltage of the generator is greater than the second threshold value; the overvoltage protection circuit 210 includes: a first voltage regulator tube ZD1, a first MOS tube Q1, a first transistor Q2, a second transistor Q3, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a fourth resistor R4, and a fifth resistor R5; the base of the first transistor Q2 is connected to the anode of the first voltage regulator tube ZD1, the collector of the first transistor Q2 is connected to the first resistor R1, and the first transistor The emitter of Q2 is grounded; the cathode of the first voltage regulator tube ZD1 is connected to the rectification circuit 100; one end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the base of the first triode Q2, and the other end is grounded; the first resistor R1 is also connected to the rectification circuit 100; one end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the source of the first MOS tube Q1, and the other end is connected to the collector of the second triode Q3; the fourth resistor R4 is connected between the first MOS tube Q1 and the second triode Q3; the base of the second triode Q3 is connected to the collector of the first triode Q2, the collector of the second triode Q3 is connected to the gate of the first MOS tube Q1, and the emitter of the second triode Q3 is grounded.

[0047] The first voltage regulator ZD1 is used to set the voltage of the second threshold value in the overvoltage protection circuit (the voltage of the second threshold value is determined by the voltage regulation value of the first voltage regulator ZD1), and the first resistor R1 is a pull-up resistor used to determine that the base state of the second transistor Q3 is high level when the first voltage regulator ZD1 is not turned on, ensuring that the second transistor Q3 is turned on. The second resistor R2 and the fourth resistor R4 are both voltage divider resistors. After the second transistor Q3 is turned on, the voltage divider value of the second resistor R2 and the fourth resistor R4 determines the voltage value of the gate of the first MOS tube Q1. The fifth resistor R5 is a pull-down resistor, used to determine that the base state of the first transistor Q2 is low level when the first voltage regulator ZD1 is not turned on, ensuring that the second transistor Q2 is not turned on. The output voltage of the generator is V_GENERATOR. The first MOS tube Q1 is a PMOS tube, and the first transistor Q2 and the second transistor Q3 are both NPN transistors.

[0048] In the embodiment of the present application, if the cut-off valve on the generator is damaged or the control circuit 400 fails, and the output voltage of the generator is greater than or equal to the second threshold value, the first voltage regulator ZD1 starts to work, and the base voltage of the first triode Q2 is determined by the first voltage regulator ZD1 and the fifth resistor R5. When the voltage-dividing value at both ends of the fifth resistor R5 exceeds 0.7V, that is, the voltage difference between the base and the emitter of the first triode Q2 is greater than 0.7V, and the voltage difference between the base and the collector of the first triode Q2 is less than 0V, the requirements of the emitter of the triode being forward biased and the collector being reverse biased are met, and the first triode Q2 is turned on at this time. Because the base of the second triode Q3 is connected to the collector of the first triode Q2, as the first triode Q2 is turned on, the base of the second triode Q3 is equivalent to grounding, and the voltage difference between the base and the emitter of the second triode Q3 is 0V, and the second triode Q3 is turned off at this time. In the voltage divider circuit composed of the second resistor R2 and the fourth resistor R4, the collector of the fourth resistor R4 connected to the second transistor Q3 is suspended, thereby rendering the voltage divider circuit ineffective. Therefore, the voltage difference between the gate and the source of the first MOS transistor Q1 is 0V, and the first MOS transistor Q1 is turned off, cutting off the transmission of the output voltage of the generator to the back-end VCC through the first MOS transistor Q1, thereby protecting the back-end load. At this time, the current in the voltage protection circuit 200 will be divided into two paths, one of which will flow through the first voltage regulator ZD1, through the fifth resistor R5, and finally to the ground. The other current will flow through the first resistor R1, through the first transistor Q2, and finally to the ground.

[0049] If the output voltage of the generator is less than the second threshold, the first voltage regulator tube ZD1 does not work. The base of the first transistor Q2 is pulled down to the ground by the fifth resistor R5, and the first transistor Q2 is not turned on. The collector of the first transistor Q2 is connected to the base of the second transistor Q3 and the first resistor R1 respectively, and the base of the second transistor Q3 is pulled up to the output voltage of the generator by R1, and the second transistor Q3 is turned on. The voltage divider circuit composed of the second resistor R2 and the fourth resistor R4 starts to work, and a voltage difference will be generated between the gate and the source of the first MOS tube Q1. When the voltage difference between the gate and the source is greater than the turn-on voltage of the first MOS tube Q1, the first MOS tube Q1 is turned on, and the output voltage of the generator is transmitted to the back-end VCC through the first MOS tube Q1, thereby supplying power to the back-end load. At this time, the current of the voltage protection circuit 200 will be divided into three paths. The first current flows to the back-end VCC through the first MOS tube Q1; the second current flows through the first resistor R1 through the second transistor Q3 and finally reaches the ground; the third current will pass through the second resistor R2, the fourth resistor R4 and the second transistor Q3 and finally reaches the ground.

[0050] The embodiment of the present application triggers a series of protection actions when the generator output voltage is greater than the second threshold. At this time, the first voltage regulator starts working, and the first transistor is turned on when the base voltage is determined by the first voltage regulator and the fifth resistor, causing the second transistor to be cut off. This chain reaction causes the first MOS tube to be cut off, cutting off the transmission of the generator output voltage to the back-end VCC, preventing possible damage to the back-end load. At the same time, the overvoltage protection circuit can respond immediately when it detects that the generator output voltage is greater than the second threshold, thereby improving the efficiency and stability of the protection of the back-end load.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present application, refer to the attached Figure 2 The overvoltage protection circuit also includes: a third resistor R3 and a second voltage regulator tube ZD2; the third resistor R3 is connected between the first voltage regulator tube ZD1 and the fifth resistor R5; the cathode of the second voltage regulator tube ZD2 is connected to the source of the first MOS tube Q1, and the anode of the second voltage regulator tube ZD2 is connected to the fourth resistor R4.

[0052] The third resistor R3 is a current limiting resistor. On the one hand, it limits the base input current of the first transistor Q2 to prevent the base current from being too large and damaging the first transistor Q2; on the other hand, it protects the first voltage regulator ZD1 to prevent the output voltage of the generator from being too high, and the current flowing through the first voltage regulator ZD1 from being too large, exceeding the power dissipation of the first voltage regulator ZD1, and causing the voltage regulator to burn out. The second voltage regulator ZD2 is used to protect the voltage at both ends of the gate and source of the first MOS tube Q1, to prevent the voltage at both ends of the gate and source from being too large when the external voltage increases, and burning out the first MOS tube Q1.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present application, refer to the attached Figure 2 , the preset voltage value includes a third threshold value, and the voltage protection circuit also includes: an overcurrent protection circuit 220, which is used to cut off the power supply of the generator when the control circuit fails and the output voltage of the generator is greater than the third threshold value; the overcurrent protection circuit 220 includes: a fuse F1 and a TVS diode D4; one end of the fuse F1 is connected to the drain of the first MOS tube Q1, and the other end is grounded through the TVS diode D4. Among them, the fuse F1 plays a role of overcurrent protection, and the TVS diode D4 plays a role of static electricity and surge protection.

[0054] In the case that the shut-off valve on the generator is damaged or the control circuit 400 fails and the overvoltage protection circuit 210 fails, if the output voltage of the generator is greater than the voltage of the preset third threshold, the TVS diode D4 will be instantly broken down and short-circuited, and the current of the entire circuit board will surge, and the current will be greater than the rated current of the fuse F1, thereby burning the fuse F1 and protecting the rear-end load from damage, thereby achieving overcurrent protection.

[0055] In some cases, if a short circuit occurs in the rear-end load and the current exceeds the rated current of the fuse F1, the fuse F1 will burn out, cutting off the transmission of the output voltage of the generator to the rear-end VCC, thereby protecting the rear-end load from damage.

[0056] In the embodiment of the present application, the back-end load may be the protection circuit of the power generation control board in the present application, or may be other equipment powered by the generator, which is not limited here.

[0057] In the embodiment of the present application, when the generator output voltage abnormally rises and exceeds the third threshold, the TVS diode D4 quickly breaks down and short-circuits, causing the circuit board current to surge, triggering the fuse F1 to burn out, effectively cutting off the power supply to the back-end VCC, ensuring the safety of the back-end load in extreme cases such as damage to the generator cut-off valve, failure of the control circuit, and failure of the overvoltage protection circuit. In addition, even if the back-end load itself is short-circuited, the same protection mechanism can cut off the current in time to avoid the spread of damage, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the entire power system.

[0058] Reference Figure 3 , which shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a voltage sampling circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 3As shown, it includes: an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, a first filter capacitor C11, and an emitter follower U4; the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the voltage sampling pin of the control circuit 400; one end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to the eighth resistor R8, and the other end is grounded; one end of the first filter capacitor C11 is connected to the eighth resistor R8, and the other end is grounded; the input end of the emitter follower U4 is connected to the eighth resistor R8, and one end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the output end of the emitter follower U4, and the other end is connected to the voltage sampling pin of the control circuit 400.

[0059] The voltage sampling circuit 500 is mainly used to sample the output voltage of the generator to monitor the generator voltage. Among them, the eighth resistor R8 and the tenth resistor R10 form a voltage divider circuit, which is used to proportionally reduce the sampling value of the output voltage of the generator to ensure that the sampling value of the output voltage falls within the sampling range of the control circuit 400. The first filter capacitor C11 is used to filter the clutter on the sampling line. The emitter follower U4 plays the role of isolating the front and rear circuits. The third voltage regulator ZD3 does not work under normal circumstances. When an abnormal situation occurs, such as the output voltage of the generator exceeds the voltage setting upper limit of the third voltage regulator ZD3 or the tenth resistor R10 is disconnected, the third voltage regulator ZD3 can protect the voltage sampling pin of the rear emitter follower U4 and the control circuit 400 from damage caused by high voltage input. The decoupling capacitor C15 is used to remove the noise of the current flowing through the emitter follower U4. The ninth resistor R9 is a current limiting resistor. The output filter capacitor C12 is used for filtering. V_GENERATOR_ADC is connected to the voltage sampling pin of the control circuit 400, and is used to send the sampled value of the output voltage of the generator to the control circuit 400. Of course, after receiving the sampled value of the output voltage, the control circuit 400 needs to amplify the sampled value of the output voltage in equal proportion according to the voltage divider ratio of R8 and R10, and finally obtain the output voltage of the generator.

[0060] In the embodiment of the present application, the output voltage of the generator collected by the voltage sampling circuit is sent to the control circuit so that the control circuit can control the working state of the generator according to the output voltage, thereby achieving protection of the rear-end load.

[0061] Reference Figure 4 , which shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a speed detection circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 4 As shown, it includes: a speed detection interface P2, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, and a second filter capacitor C8. Among them, the second pin of the speed detection interface P2 (refer to the attached Figure 4 The third pin of the speed detection interface (see the attached Figure 4One end of the second filter capacitor C8 is connected to the first pin of the speed detection interface P2 (see the attached Figure 4 One end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the second pin of the speed detection interface P2, and the other end is connected to the second filter capacitor C8; one end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the third pin of the speed detection interface P2, and the other end is connected to the second filter capacitor C8.

[0062] A Hall sensor is installed on the generator stator, and a magnetic material such as a magnet is installed on the generator rotor. When the generator rotor rotates, it will carry the magnetic material on the rotor through the Hall sensor. After the Hall sensor detects the magnetic pole passing, it will generate a speed pulse signal. The speed detection interface P2 receives the speed pulse signal and transmits it to the control circuit 400 through the first speed detection pin HALL1 and the second speed detection pin HALL2. After the control circuit 400 detects the speed pulse signal, it reads the pulse frequency to obtain the actual operating speed of the generator. The sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7 are both pull-up resistors, which are used to ensure that the input of the speed pulse signal is a high level, and the second filter capacitor is used to filter the speed pulse signal.

[0063] In the embodiment of the present application, the speed detection interface sends the speed pulse signal generated by the generator to the control circuit for analysis to obtain the actual operating speed of the generator. Then the control circuit determines the working state of the generator according to the speed of the generator and makes corresponding adjustments, thereby avoiding the problem of high voltage causing damage to the rear-end load.

[0064] Reference Figure 5 , which shows a structural schematic diagram of a rectifier circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 5 As shown, it includes: a generator interface P1, a first positive diode D1, a second positive diode D2, a third positive diode D3, a first negative diode D6, a second negative diode D7, a third negative diode D8, a first electrolytic capacitor C3, a first ceramic capacitor C4 and a second ceramic capacitor C5.

[0065] In the embodiment of the present application, the anode of the first positive diode D1, the anode of the second positive diode D2, and the anode of the third positive diode D3 are respectively connected to the third pin of the generator interface P1 (see Appendix Figure 5 3 on P1 in the figure), the second pin of the generator interface P1 (refer to the attached Figure 5 2 on P1 in the figure), the first pin of the generator interface P1 (refer to the attached Figure 51 on the generator interface P1); the cathode of the first cathode diode D6, the cathode of the second cathode diode D7, and the cathode of the third cathode diode D8 are respectively connected to the third pin of the generator interface P1, the second pin of the generator interface P1, and the first pin of the generator interface P1. The output voltage generated by the generator enters the rectifier circuit 100 through the generator interface P1. At this time, the diodes in the rectifier circuit are turned on in pairs (for example, the first positive diode D1 and the first abdominal muscle diode D2 are a pair, and so on) to convert the alternating current of the generator into direct current. The first electrolytic capacitor C3, the first ceramic capacitor C4 and the second ceramic capacitor C5 together form a DC filter circuit, which can well filter out the pulsation on the DC voltage after the generator rectification, and further improve the quality of the DC voltage output by the generator.

[0066] In some embodiments of the present application, it further includes: an energy storage circuit 300, which is connected between the voltage protection circuit 200 and the control circuit 400 and is used to supply power to the control circuit 400. The energy storage circuit 300 can also store the output voltage of the generator. The energy storage circuit 300 is described in detail below.

[0067] Reference Figure 6 , which shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a storage circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 6 As shown, it includes: a voltage conversion chip U1, a normally closed relay K1, a third filter capacitor C2, a freewheeling diode D5, and an energy storage battery holder CN1.

[0068] In the embodiment of the present application, the voltage conversion chip U1 is used to convert the output voltage generated by the generator into the charging voltage of the energy storage battery (see the attached Figure 6 The normally closed relay K1 is used to control the charging of the energy storage battery. When the voltage of the energy storage battery is low, the K1 relay is normally closed, and the energy storage battery is charged through the VCC_MID port. When the energy storage battery is fully charged or a system failure occurs, the control circuit 400 controls the relay to disconnect by controlling the charging pin BAT_EN, and does not allow the energy storage circuit 300 to charge the energy storage battery through the VCC_MID port. The freewheeling diode D5 is used to provide a freewheeling path for the inductor coil of the relay K1 when the relay K1 is disconnected, thereby protecting the stability of the entire branch system.

[0069] Reference Figure 7 , which shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a control circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 7As shown, it includes: a clock crystal oscillator Y1, a first matching capacitor C9, a second matching capacitor C10, a first decoupling capacitor C13, a second decoupling capacitor C14, a reset capacitor C16, a switch SW1, a power conversion chip U2, a micro control unit (MCU) U3, a fourth filter capacitor C6, a fifth filter capacitor C7, a first speed detection pin HALL1, a second speed detection pin HALL2, a charging control pin BAT_EN, and a voltage sampling pin V_GENERATOR_ADC.

[0070] The clock crystal oscillator Y1, the first matching capacitor C9, and the second matching capacitor C10 together constitute the clock circuit of the control circuit 400, providing clock timing for the entire control circuit 400. The reset capacitor C16 and the switch SW1 constitute the reset circuit, which is used to control the startup reset and abnormal reset of the micro control unit U3. The power conversion chip U2 is used to convert the voltage of the energy storage battery into a voltage that supports the normal operation of the micro control unit U3. The fourth filter capacitor C6 and the fifth filter capacitor C7 are used to filter the high and medium frequency noise on the power conversion chip U2 to ensure the stability and reliability of the power output. The first speed detection pin HALL1 and the second speed detection pin HALL2 are used to collect the speed of the generator through the speed detection circuit 600. The charging control pin BAT_EN is used to control whether the energy storage battery is charged. The voltage sampling pin V_GENERATOR_ADC is used to collect the output voltage of the generator through the voltage sampling circuit 500. The micro control unit U3 is the core of the entire control circuit 400, and plays the functions of information collection, information analysis and execution control.

[0071] In the implementation of the present application, if the control circuit 400 obtains the output voltage of the generator output by the rectifier circuit 100 through the voltage sampling circuit 500. The control circuit 400 analyzes the output voltage of the generator to determine whether it is greater than a preset first threshold. If the output voltage of the generator is greater than the first threshold, the control circuit 400 will control the cut-off valve on the generator to cut off the gas source of the generator, so that the generator stops working to avoid damage to the rear-end load. Alternatively, when the control circuit 400 detects that the speed of the generator is greater than the preset speed, the control circuit 400 will control the cut-off valve on the generator to cut off the gas source of the generator, so that the generator stops working.

[0072] The control circuit 400 can also obtain the power information of the energy storage battery through communication with the energy storage battery, and judge whether it needs to be charged according to the power information of the energy storage battery; if the energy storage battery needs to be charged, the control circuit 400 controls the energy storage circuit 300 to charge the energy storage battery through the charging control pin BAT_EN. The control circuit can also analyze the output voltage of the generator to judge whether the output voltage range of the generator is appropriate, and whether the working condition of the generator meets the equipment requirements.

[0073] An embodiment of the present application also provides a low-pressure difference gas power generation control board, including the protection circuit of the power generation control board described in any of the above embodiments.

[0074] It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as needed. The above are only preferred implementations of the utility model. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the utility model, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A protection circuit for a power generation control board, characterized in that: include: A voltage sampling circuit is used to collect the output voltage of the generator; A rotation speed detection circuit, used for collecting the rotation speed of the generator; A control circuit, connected to the voltage sampling circuit and the speed detection circuit respectively, for controlling the cut-off valve on the generator to cut off the gas source of the generator to stop the generator when the output voltage of the generator is greater than a first threshold or the speed of the generator is greater than a preset speed; A voltage protection circuit is connected to the control circuit and is used to cut off the power supply of the generator when the control circuit fails and the output voltage of the generator is greater than a preset voltage value.

2. The protection circuit of the power generation control board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset voltage value includes a second threshold value, and the voltage protection circuit includes: an overvoltage protection circuit, configured to cut off power supply to the generator when the control circuit fails and the output voltage of the generator is greater than the second threshold; The overvoltage protection circuit comprises: A first voltage regulator tube, a first MOS tube, a first transistor, a second transistor, a first resistor, a second resistor, a fourth resistor, and a fifth resistor; The base of the first triode is connected to the anode of the first voltage regulator tube, the collector of the first triode is connected to the first resistor, and the emitter of the first triode is grounded; One end of the fifth resistor is connected to the base of the first transistor, and the other end is grounded; One end of the second resistor is connected to the source of the first MOS transistor, and the other end is connected to the collector of the second transistor; The fourth resistor is connected between the first MOS transistor and the second triode; The base of the second transistor is connected to the collector of the first transistor, the collector of the second transistor is connected to the gate of the first MOS transistor, and the emitter of the second transistor is grounded.

3. The protection circuit of the power generation control board according to claim 2, characterized in that: The overvoltage protection circuit also includes: The third resistor and the second voltage regulator tube; The third resistor is connected between the first voltage regulator tube and the fifth resistor; The cathode of the second voltage regulator tube is connected to the source of the first MOS tube, and the anode of the second voltage regulator tube is connected to the fourth resistor.

4. The protection circuit of the power generation control board according to claim 3, characterized in that: The preset voltage value includes a third threshold value, and the voltage protection circuit further includes: an overcurrent protection circuit, configured to cut off power supply to the generator when the control circuit fails and the output voltage of the generator is greater than the third threshold; The overcurrent protection circuit comprises: Fuses and TVS diodes; One end of the fuse is connected to the drain of the first MOS tube, and the other end is grounded through the TVS diode.

5. The protection circuit of the power generation control board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage sampling circuit comprises: an eighth resistor, a tenth resistor, and a first filter capacitor; The eighth resistor is connected to the voltage sampling pin of the control circuit; One end of the tenth resistor is connected to the eighth resistor, and the other end is grounded; One end of the first filter capacitor is connected to the eighth resistor, and the other end is grounded.

6. The protection circuit of the power generation control board according to claim 5, characterized in that: The voltage sampling circuit also includes: Emitter follower, ninth resistor; The input end of the emitter follower is connected to the eighth resistor, one end of the ninth resistor is connected to the output end of the emitter follower, and the other end is connected to the voltage sampling pin of the control circuit.

7. The protection circuit of the power generation control board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation speed detection circuit comprises: A speed detection interface, wherein the second pin of the speed detection interface is connected to the first speed detection pin of the control circuit, and the third pin of the speed detection interface is connected to the second speed detection pin of the control circuit, and is used to send the collected speed pulse signal of the generator to the control circuit.

8. The protection circuit of the power generation control board according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rotation speed detection circuit further includes: a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, and a second filter capacitor; One end of the second filter capacitor is connected to the first pin of the speed detection interface, and the other end is grounded; One end of the sixth resistor is connected to the second pin of the speed detection interface, and the other end is connected to the second filter capacitor; One end of the seventh resistor is connected to the third pin of the rotation speed detection interface, and the other end is connected to the second filter capacitor.

9. The protection circuit of the power generation control board according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A rectifier circuit, connected to the generator, for converting the alternating current output by the generator into direct current; An energy storage circuit is connected between the voltage protection circuit and the control circuit and is used to supply power to the control circuit when the generator stops working.

10. A low pressure difference gas power generation control panel, characterized in that: A protection circuit comprising a power generation control board as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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