Photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic systems, power consumption devices and power generation devices

Abstract

The present application provides a photovoltaic assembly, a photovoltaic system, an electrical device and a power generation device, wherein the photovoltaic assembly comprises a first panel, a photovoltaic cell, a bus bar, a film, a first water-blocking membrane and a second panel; the first panel, the photovoltaic cell, the film and the second panel are stacked in sequence; the second panel has a through hole; the first water-blocking membrane is arranged between the film and the second panel and blocks the through hole; the bus bar is connected to the electrode of the photovoltaic cell and extends from the through hole through the first water-blocking membrane. The photovoltaic assembly of the present application can effectively prevent water vapor from entering the battery from the through hole, and has a good water-blocking effect and high reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic cell technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic system, an electrical device and a power generation device. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy, photovoltaic cells have been widely used in aerospace, industry, commerce, agriculture and communications. Perovskite solar cells are devices that use the photoelectric conversion mechanism of perovskite crystal materials to convert solar energy into electrical energy. They are the third generation of solar cells and have many advantages such as high photoelectric conversion efficiency, simple manufacturing process and low production cost. They have been widely studied in recent years.

[0003] Photovoltaic module, also known as photovoltaic cell assembly, refers to a battery assembly formed by connecting and sealing a certain number of single photovoltaic cells in series or parallel. With the rapid development of photovoltaic module technology, higher requirements are also placed on the reliability of photovoltaic modules.

[0004] Therefore, how to effectively improve the reliability of photovoltaic modules is one of the key areas of focus for those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0005] The present application is made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and one of its purposes is to provide a photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic system, an electrical device and a power generation device, wherein the photovoltaic module can effectively prevent water vapor from entering the interior of the photovoltaic module through the panel through-holes, and the photovoltaic module has high reliability.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the first aspect of the present application provides a photovoltaic assembly, including a first panel, a photovoltaic cell, a bus bar, an adhesive film, a first water-blocking diaphragm and a second panel;

[0007] The first panel, the photovoltaic cell, the adhesive film and the second panel are stacked in sequence;

[0008] The second panel has a through hole;

[0009] The first water-blocking diaphragm is disposed between the adhesive film and the second panel and blocks the through hole;

[0010] The bus bar is connected to the electrode of the photovoltaic cell and passes through the first water-blocking diaphragm and extends out of the through hole.

[0011] By arranging a first water-blocking diaphragm between the adhesive film and the second panel, the first water-blocking diaphragm blocks the through hole on the second panel; the busbar passes through the first water-blocking diaphragm and extends out of the through hole; the first water-blocking diaphragm is used to achieve a waterproof effect on the through hole on the second panel of the photovoltaic module, effectively improving the water-blocking effect of the photovoltaic module, and being able to effectively block water vapor from entering the battery from the through hole, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0012] In any embodiment, the first water-blocking membrane is closely arranged between the adhesive film and the second panel, so as to better prevent water vapor from penetrating into the battery from the gap between the first water-blocking membrane and the adhesive film and the second panel, further improving the water-blocking effect.

[0013] In any embodiment, the orthographic projection of the through hole along the first direction is within the range of the orthographic projection of the first water-blocking membrane along the first direction, and the first direction is parallel to the central axis of the through hole, so that the first water-blocking membrane can completely block the lower end of the through hole.

[0014] In any embodiment, the orthographic projection range of the through hole along the first direction is smaller than the orthographic projection range of the first water-blocking membrane along the first direction, and the first water-blocking membrane has a shielding area beyond the range of the through hole. In this way, the water-blocking effect of the photovoltaic module can be further improved.

[0015] In any embodiment, the first water-blocking membrane includes a substrate and a bonding layer, and the bonding layer is disposed on at least one surface of the substrate.

[0016] In any embodiment, the substrate comprises a PET film. The above material has good water barrier properties.

[0017] In any embodiment, the material of the bonding layer is the same as that of the adhesive film, which can further improve the bonding effect between the first water-blocking diaphragm and the adhesive film and further improve the water-blocking performance.

[0018] In any embodiment, the thickness of the first water-blocking membrane is 150 μm to 3000 μm.

[0019] In any embodiment, the thickness of the substrate is 100 μm to 2000 μm.

[0020] In any embodiment, the photovoltaic module further comprises a hole-blocking filling layer, which is filled in the through hole and contacts the bus bar. Thus, the hole-blocking filling layer cooperates with the first water-blocking diaphragm to achieve a double water-blocking effect on the photovoltaic module.

[0021] In any embodiment, the hole-blocking filling layer is in close contact with the inner side wall of the through hole, the bus bar and the upper surface of the first water-blocking diaphragm, which can further improve the water-blocking effect of the photovoltaic module.

[0022] In any embodiment, the pore-blocking filling layer includes one or more of a butyl rubber layer, a silicone gel layer and a UV rubber layer, and has a very low water vapor permeability and good water-blocking performance.

[0023] In any embodiment, the photovoltaic assembly further includes a junction box, which is disposed on the second panel and covers the through hole, the junction box is filled with potting glue, and the busbar extends into the potting glue.

[0024] In any embodiment, the photovoltaic module further includes a second water-blocking membrane, which is wrapped at least on the surface of the portion of the busbar extending out of the through hole. In this way, the path of water vapor penetrating into the photovoltaic module along the busbar can be blocked, and the water vapor in the potting glue can be effectively blocked from penetrating into the photovoltaic module along the busbar, thereby further improving the water-blocking effect of the photovoltaic module.

[0025] In any embodiment, the second water-blocking membrane includes one or more of a polyvinyl fluoride membrane and a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane.

[0026] In any embodiment, the thickness of the second water-blocking membrane is 25 μm to 3000 μm.

[0027] A second aspect of the present application provides a photovoltaic system, comprising the photovoltaic assembly of the first aspect of the present application.

[0028] A third aspect of the present application provides an electrical device, comprising the photovoltaic system of the second aspect of the present application.

[0029] A fourth aspect of the present application provides a power generation device, comprising the photovoltaic system of the second aspect of the present application.

[0030] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to better describe and illustrate the embodiments or examples provided by the present application, reference may be made to one or more drawings. The additional details or examples used to describe the drawings should not be considered as limiting the scope of the disclosed application, the embodiments or examples currently described, and any of the best modes of these applications currently understood. Moreover, the same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic module according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second panel in one embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the orthographic projection range of the through hole and the first water-blocking diaphragm along the first direction in one embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a first water-blocking diaphragm in one embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the ends of a bus bar and a second water-blocking diaphragm in one embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Description of reference numerals:

[0039] 10. Photovoltaic module; 11. First panel; 12. Photovoltaic cell; 13. Bus bar; 14. Adhesive film; 15. First water-blocking diaphragm; 16. Hole-blocking filling layer; 17. Second panel; 18. Junction box; 19. Second water-blocking diaphragm; 151. Shielding area; 152. Base material; 153. Adhesive layer; 171. Through hole; 181. Potting glue. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0041] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0042] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0043] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0044] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0045] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0046] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0047] The "range" disclosed in the present application can be limited in the form of a lower limit and an upper limit, and a given range is limited by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, and the selected lower limit and upper limit define the boundary of a special range. The range limited in this way can be including or excluding end values, and any end value can be included or not included independently, and can be arbitrarily combined, that is, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if a range of 60 to 120 and 80 to 110 is listed for a specific parameter, it is understood that the range of 60 to 110 and 80 to 120 is also expected. In addition, if the minimum range values ​​1 and 2 are listed, and if the maximum range values ​​3, 4 and 5 are also listed, the following ranges can all be expected: 1 to 3, 1 to 4, 1 to 5, 2 to 3, 2 to 4 and 2 to 5. In the present application, unless otherwise specified, the numerical range "a to b" represents the abbreviation of any real number combination between a and b, wherein a and b are both real numbers. For example, the numerical range "0-5" means that all real numbers between "0-5" are listed in this document, and "0-5" is just an abbreviation of these numerical combinations. In addition, when a parameter is expressed as an integer ≥ 2, it is equivalent to listing the parameter as, for example, integers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc. For example, when a parameter is expressed as an integer selected from "2-10", it is equivalent to listing the integers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10.

[0048] In the present application, in the open technical features or technical solutions described by the words "contain", "include", "comprise", etc., unless otherwise specified, additional members other than the listed members are not excluded, and it can be regarded as providing both closed features or solutions consisting of the listed members and open features or solutions including additional members in addition to the listed members. For example, A includes a1, a2 and a3. Unless otherwise specified, it may also include other members or may not include additional members. It can be regarded as providing both the feature or solution of "A consists of a1, a2 and a3" and the feature or solution of "A not only includes a1, a2 and a3, but also includes other members". In the present application, unless otherwise specified, A (such as B) means that B is a non-limiting example of A, and it can be understood that A is not limited to B.

[0049] In this application, "optionally", "optional", and "optional" mean optional, that is, any one of the two parallel schemes of "yes" or "no". If there are multiple "options" in a technical solution, unless otherwise specified and there is no contradiction or mutual restriction, each "option" is independent.

[0050] When the photovoltaic module leads out the bus bar, it is necessary to punch holes on the panel of the photovoltaic module as a channel for the bus bar to be led out. However, this will destroy the sealing of the photovoltaic module package, making the panel hole a channel for water vapor to enter the photovoltaic cell. Especially for photovoltaic cells that are particularly sensitive to water vapor, such as perovskite photovoltaic cells, once water vapor enters, the power of the photovoltaic module will drop greatly and the reliability will be seriously reduced. In this regard, the present application improves the sealing structure of the photovoltaic module panel hole, which effectively improves the water-blocking effect of the photovoltaic module.

[0051] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 Some embodiments of the present application provide a photovoltaic module 10, which includes a first panel 11, a photovoltaic cell 12, a bus bar 13, a film 14, a first water-blocking diaphragm 15, and a second panel 17. The first panel 11, the photovoltaic cell 12, the film 14, and the second panel 17 are stacked in sequence; the second panel 17 has a through hole 171 for leading out the bus bar 13; the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 is arranged between the film 14 and the second panel 17 and blocks the through hole 171; the photovoltaic cell 12 includes an electrode (not shown), the bus bar 13 is connected to the electrode of the photovoltaic cell 12, and passes through the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 and extends out of the through hole 171.

[0052] The above-mentioned photovoltaic module 10 is configured with a first water-blocking membrane 15 between the adhesive film 14 and the second panel 17, so that the first water-blocking membrane 15 blocks the through hole 171 on the second panel 17; the bus bar 13 passes through the first water-blocking membrane 15 and extends out of the through hole 171; the first water-blocking membrane 15 is used to achieve a waterproof effect on the through hole 171 on the second panel 17 of the photovoltaic module 10, effectively improving the water-blocking effect of the photovoltaic module 10, and being able to effectively prevent water vapor from entering the battery from the through hole 171, thereby being able to improve the reliability of the photovoltaic module 10.

[0053] It is understood that the photovoltaic cell 12 has electrodes, including a positive electrode and a negative electrode, which can be respectively arranged on two opposite surfaces of the photovoltaic cell 12. The busbar 13 is used to connect the electrodes of the photovoltaic cell 12 to an external circuit to lead out current.

[0054] In some embodiments, the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 is closely disposed between the adhesive film 14 and the second panel 17. By closely disposing the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 between the adhesive film 14 and the second panel 17, the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 can be in good contact with the adhesive film 14 and the second panel 17, and water vapor can be better blocked from penetrating into the battery from the gap between the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 and the adhesive film 14 and the second panel 17, which can further improve the water-blocking effect.

[0055] Specifically, in the preparation process of the photovoltaic module 10, the first water-blocking membrane 15 can be set between the adhesive film 14 and the second panel 17; in the process of laminating and fixing the first panel 11, the photovoltaic cell 12, the adhesive film 14 and the second panel 17, the first water-blocking membrane 15 is pressed and set between the adhesive film 14 and the second panel 17 by means of the lamination pressure.

[0056] See also Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 In some embodiments, the through hole 171 is arranged along a first direction (see Figure 1 The orthographic projection of the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 along the first direction is within the range of the orthographic projection of the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 along the first direction, and the first direction is parallel to the central axis X of the through hole 171 (see Figure 3 This arrangement enables the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 to completely block the lower end of the through hole 171.

[0057] It should be noted that in Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the figure, “the orthographic projection of the through hole 171 along the first direction” refers to the projection of the through hole 171 in the horizontal plane when the projection line of the through hole 171 is parallel to the central axis X of the through hole 171. Similarly, “the orthographic projection of the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 along the first direction” refers to the projection of the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 in the horizontal plane when the projection line of the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 is parallel to the central axis X of the through hole 171.

[0058] See also Figure 4 In some embodiments, the orthographic projection range of the through hole 171 along the first direction is smaller than the orthographic projection range of the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 along the first direction, and the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 has a shielding area 151 beyond the range of the through hole 171. In this way, the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 can not only completely block the lower end of the through hole 171, but also has a shielding area 151 beyond the range of the through hole 171. The upper and lower surfaces of the shielding area 151 can be pressed against the second panel 17 and the adhesive film 14 respectively, which can further prevent water vapor from penetrating into the battery from the gap between the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 and the second panel 17, and further improve the water-blocking effect of the photovoltaic module 10.

[0059] Specifically, in Figure 4 In the specific example, the through hole 171 is circular, the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 is circular, and the shielding area 151 is annular.

[0060] It is understandable that the width of the shielding area 151 can be specifically set according to actual production needs, and no specific limitation is imposed in the present application.

[0061] In some embodiments, the thickness of the first water-blocking membrane 15 is 150 μm to 3000 μm. The first water-blocking membrane 15 with the above thickness can achieve a good water-blocking effect.

[0062] It is understandable that the thickness of the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 can be, but is not limited to, 150 μm, 200 μm, 300 μm, 400 μm, 500 μm, 800 μm, 1000 μm, 1200 μm, 1400 μm, 1600 μm, 1800 μm, 2000 μm, 2200 μm, 2400 μm, 2600 μm, 2800 μm, 3000 μm, and any value within the range formed by any two of the above values. It should be noted that since the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 is disposed in the photovoltaic module 10, and the photovoltaic module 10 has certain requirements on thickness, and the internal stress should not be too large, the thickness of the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 should not be too large.

[0063] See also Figure 5 In some embodiments, the first water-blocking membrane 15 includes a substrate 152 and an adhesive layer 153, wherein the adhesive layer 153 is disposed on at least one surface of the substrate 152. In the above-mentioned first water-blocking membrane 15, the substrate 152 plays a major role in water blocking, and the adhesive layer 153 enables the first water-blocking membrane 15 to be better tightly connected with the adhesive film 14 and the second panel 17. In some specific examples, the adhesive layer 153 is disposed only on one side of the substrate 152 close to the adhesive film 14.

[0064] The substrate 152 is made of a material with good water-blocking effect. In some embodiments, the substrate 152 can be made of a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film. The above-mentioned film material has a good water-blocking effect. Using it as the substrate 152 of the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 can effectively improve the water-blocking performance. It should be noted that the above-mentioned substrate 152 can be made of existing commercially available materials.

[0065] In some embodiments, when the adhesive layer 153 is disposed on the side of the substrate 152 close to the adhesive film 14, the material of the adhesive layer 153 is the same as the material of the adhesive film 14. Such a configuration can further improve the bonding effect between the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 and the adhesive film 14, and further improve the water-blocking performance. Specifically, the adhesive film 14 can be a conventional photovoltaic adhesive film, such as EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) adhesive film.

[0066] In some embodiments, the thickness of the substrate 152 is 100 μm to 2000 μm. The substrate 152 plays a major role in water blocking in the first water blocking membrane 15. Setting the thickness of the substrate 152 to 100 μm to 2000 μm can achieve a good water blocking effect.

[0067] It is understood that the thickness of the substrate 152 may be, but is not limited to, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, 300 μm, 400 μm, 500 μm, 800 μm, 1000 μm, 1200 μm, 1400 μm, 1600 μm, 1800 μm, 2000 μm, and any value within the range formed by any two of the above values. It should also be noted that, considering the thickness of the photovoltaic module 10 and the internal stress requirements, the thickness of the substrate 152 should not be too large.

[0068] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 10 further includes a hole-blocking filling layer 16, which is filled in the through hole 171 and contacts the bus bar 13. The hole-blocking filling layer 16 is filled in the through hole 171, and the hole-blocking filling layer 16 is combined with the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 to achieve a double water-blocking effect on the photovoltaic module 10.

[0069] In some embodiments, the hole-blocking filling layer 16 is in close contact with the inner side wall of the through hole 171 and the upper surface of the first water-blocking diaphragm 15. In this way, the hole-blocking filling layer 16 is in close contact with the inner side wall of the through hole 171 and the upper surface of the first water-blocking diaphragm 15, and the hole-blocking filling layer 16 fills the through hole 171, which can further prevent water vapor from entering the interior of the battery through the gap between the hole-blocking filling layer 16 and the inner side wall of the through hole 171, and the gap between the hole-blocking filling layer 16 and the first water-blocking diaphragm 15, further improving the water-blocking effect of the photovoltaic module 10.

[0070] It is understood that the hole-plugging filling layer 16 should be made of a water-blocking material with a low water vapor permeability. In some embodiments, the hole-plugging filling layer 16 includes one or more of a butyl rubber layer, a silicone gel layer, and a UV (ultraviolet curing) rubber layer. In some specific examples, the hole-plugging filling layer 16 is a butyl rubber layer. Butyl rubber has a very low water vapor permeability and has good water-blocking properties. It should be noted that the materials of the above-mentioned hole-plugging filling layer 16 can all be existing commercially available materials.

[0071] In some embodiments, the plugging filling layer 16 is made of butyl rubber, and the density of the butyl rubber used is 0.93 g / cm 3 ~0.98g / cm 3 , elongation at break ≥400%, black color, water vapor transmission rate less than 0.3g / m 2 / day, melt viscosity is less than 2.5×10 -3 mPa.

[0072] See also Figure 1In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 10 further includes a junction box 18, which is disposed on the second panel 17 and covers the through hole 171. The junction box 18 is filled with a potting compound 181, and the busbar 13 extends into the potting compound 181 to be connected to an external electrode (not shown).

[0073] A junction box 18 is provided on the second panel 17 to connect the bus bar 13 to the external electrode, so that the junction box 18 covers the through hole 171, and the junction box 18 is filled with potting glue 181, so that the bus bar 13 extends into the potting glue 181 and is connected to the external electrode; the water-blocking effect of the photovoltaic module 10 can be further improved by the junction box 18 and the potting glue 181.

[0074] Typically, the potting glue 181 in the junction box 18 is generally silicone glue. The water vapor transmission rate of silicone glue is relatively high, which is 46g / m 2 / day, a large amount of water vapor is likely to exist around the lead-out bus bar 13 , and the water vapor is likely to penetrate into the interior of the photovoltaic module 10 along the bus bar 13 .

[0075] For this, see Figure 2 and Figure 6 In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 10 further includes a second water-blocking membrane 19, which is wrapped at least on the surface of the portion of the bus bar 13 extending out of the through hole 171. By wrapping the second water-blocking membrane 19 on the surface of the portion of the bus bar 13 extending out of the through hole 171, the path of water vapor penetrating into the interior of the photovoltaic module 10 along the bus bar 13 can be blocked, and the water vapor in the potting glue 181 can be effectively blocked from penetrating into the interior of the photovoltaic module 10 along the bus bar 13, thereby further improving the water-blocking effect of the photovoltaic module 10.

[0076] In some embodiments, the second water-blocking membrane 19 may be made of a fluorine-based composite material. Specifically, the second water-blocking membrane 19 may be made of one or more of a polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) membrane and a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. The above materials have good water-blocking properties and can effectively block the path of water vapor penetrating into the interior of the photovoltaic module 10 along the bus bar 13. It can be understood that the above water-blocking materials can all be made of existing commercially available materials.

[0077] Specifically, the second water-blocking diaphragm 19 can be wrapped around the bus bar 13, and the second water-blocking diaphragm 19 can be bonded to the bus bar 13 by glue, such as acrylic glue, and then the potting glue 181 is filled in the junction box 18. In the process of injecting the potting glue 181 into the junction box 18, due to the squeezing effect of the potting glue 181, the second water-blocking diaphragm 19 can be more closely attached to the bus bar 13.

[0078] In some embodiments, the thickness of the second water-blocking diaphragm 19 wound on the busbar 13 is 25 μm to 3000 μm. In this way, the second water-blocking diaphragm 19 can have a good water-blocking effect on the busbar 13. It is understandable that the thickness of the second water-blocking diaphragm 19 can be 25 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, 300 μm, 400 μm, 500 μm, 800 μm, 1000 μm, 1200 μm, 1400 μm, 1600 μm, 1800 μm, 2000 μm, 2200 μm, 2400 μm, 2600 μm, 2800 μm, 3000 μm and any value within the range formed by any two of the above values.

[0079] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic cell 12 is a perovskite photovoltaic cell. It is understood that in the photovoltaic module 10 of the present application, the photovoltaic cell 12 may also be other types of photovoltaic cells, such as crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, crystalline silicon / perovskite tandem photovoltaic cells, perovskite / perovskite tandem photovoltaic cells, etc.

[0080] Since perovskite photovoltaic cells are highly sensitive to water vapor, when the structure of the present application is used in a photovoltaic module 10 in which the photovoltaic cell 12 is a perovskite photovoltaic cell, the water-blocking effect of the photovoltaic module 10 can be significantly improved, thereby effectively improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module 10.

[0081] The photovoltaic module 10 of the present application may include one or more photovoltaic cells 12, which may be selected according to a specific application scenario; further, the photovoltaic module 10 includes a plurality of photovoltaic cells 12, and the plurality of photovoltaic cells 12 are connected in series or in parallel to form a cell sheet.

[0082] In some embodiments, both the first panel 11 and the second panel 17 can be glass panels. The first panel 11 and the second panel 17 are used to protect the photovoltaic cell 12, and have the functions of sealing, insulation, and waterproofing. The adhesive film 14 plays the role of bonding the panel and the photovoltaic cell 12, and can also play a certain buffering role.

[0083] In the above-mentioned photovoltaic assembly 10, the junction box 18 is used to protect the power generation system of the entire photovoltaic assembly 10. It is equivalent to a current transfer station. When a battery cell is short-circuited, the junction box 18 will automatically disconnect the short-circuited battery string.

[0084] The following uses the photovoltaic module 10 of some embodiments of the present application as an example to illustrate the preparation method of the photovoltaic module 10:

[0085] Step 1: Deposit various functional layers of the photovoltaic cell on the first panel 11 to form the photovoltaic cell 12 , and connect the bus bar 13 to the positive and negative electrodes of the photovoltaic cell 12 .

[0086] Step 2: Lay an adhesive film 14 on the photovoltaic cell 12, and cut the adhesive film 14 at the position corresponding to the through hole 171 of the second panel 17 to facilitate the lead-out of the bus bar 13; place a first water-blocking diaphragm 15 at the position corresponding to the through hole 171 on the adhesive film 14, and cut the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 to facilitate the lead-out of the bus bar 13, and the size of the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 is larger than the size of the through hole 171.

[0087] Step 3: The butyl rubber heated (above 150° C.) through the delivery pipe is squeezed out from the pipe mouth and laid around the second panel 17 to play the role of edge water blocking, thereby obtaining a front assembly.

[0088] Step 4: Align and fix the obtained front assembly and the adhesive film 14 so that the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 is located between the adhesive film 14 and the second panel 17 and is aligned with the through hole 171 to obtain a fixed assembly.

[0089] Step 5: Laminating the obtained fixed components to obtain a laminated component; extruding the butyl rubber heated (above 150°C) through the conveying pipe from the pipe mouth to fill the through hole 171 on the second panel 17, and flattening the butyl rubber so that the butyl rubber tightly seals the through hole 171 to form a hole-blocking filling layer 16; the bus bar 13 passes through the hole-blocking filling layer 16 and is led out of the through hole 171; wrapping and pasting the second water-blocking diaphragm 19 around the part of the bus bar 13 extending out of the through hole 171.

[0090] Step six: bond the junction box 18 to the second panel 17 , weld the busbar 13 extending from the through hole 171 to the external electrode in the junction box 18 , pot the junction box 18 with potting glue 181 , cover the box, and obtain the photovoltaic module 10 .

[0091] Among them, the first water-blocking diaphragm 15 can be made of PET-based water-blocking material, which is composed of a substrate 152 made of PET material and an adhesive layer 153 provided on the substrate 152; the total thickness of the PET-based water-blocking material is ≥150μm, the thickness of the substrate 152 is ≥100μm, and the adhesive layer 153 can be made of the same material as the adhesive film 14. The second water-blocking diaphragm 19 can be made of a fluorine film-based composite material, such as polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), etc.; the contact surface between the second water-blocking diaphragm 19 and the busbar 13 can be bonded by acrylic glue, and the thickness of the second water-blocking diaphragm 19 is ≥25μm. The density of butyl rubber can be 0.93g / cm 3 ~0.98g / cm 3 , elongation at break ≥400%, water vapor transmission rate less than 0.3g / m 2 / day, melt viscosity is less than 2.5×10 -3 mPa.

[0092] Some embodiments of the present application provide a photovoltaic system, which includes the photovoltaic assembly 10 described above in the present application.

[0093] The photovoltaic system utilizes the photovoltaic cells 12 in the photovoltaic assembly 10 to directly convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy with high efficiency and good stability; further, the photovoltaic system is a photovoltaic power generation system.

[0094] The photovoltaic module 10 is the core part of the photovoltaic power generation system. The above photovoltaic system includes one or more photovoltaic modules 10, which can be selected according to the specific application scenario; further, when the above photovoltaic system includes multiple photovoltaic modules 10, the multiple photovoltaic modules 10 form a photovoltaic array.

[0095] The above photovoltaic system can be an independent photovoltaic power generation system or a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system.

[0096] An independent photovoltaic power generation system includes a photovoltaic array, a battery pack, a charging controller, a power electronic converter (inverter), a load, etc. Its working principle is that the solar radiation energy is first converted into electrical energy through the photovoltaic array, and then converted by the power electronic converter to supply power to the load. At the same time, the excess electrical energy is stored in the energy storage device in the form of chemical energy after passing through the charging controller. In this way, when the sunshine is insufficient, the energy stored in the battery can be converted into AC 220V, 50 Hz electrical energy after being stepped up by the power electronic inverter, filtering and power frequency transformer for use by the AC load.

[0097] The grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system includes a photovoltaic array, a high-frequency DC / DC boost circuit, a power electronic converter (inverter) and system monitoring. Its working principle is that the solar radiation energy is converted by the photovoltaic array, and then converted into high-voltage DC power by high-frequency DC conversion, and then inverted by the power electronic inverter to output a sinusoidal AC current with the same frequency as the grid voltage to the grid.

[0098] The above two photovoltaic power generation systems have their own characteristics and can be selected according to specific application scenarios.

[0099] Some embodiments of the present application provide an electrical device or a power generation device, wherein the electrical device and the power generation device include the photovoltaic system described above in the present application.

[0100] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and comparative examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0101] Example 1

[0102] A photovoltaic module includes a first panel, a photovoltaic cell, a bus bar, a film, a first water-blocking diaphragm, a hole-blocking filling layer, a second panel, a junction box, and a second water-blocking diaphragm. The first panel, the photovoltaic cell, the film, and the second panel are stacked in sequence; the second panel has a through hole for leading out the bus bar; the first water-blocking diaphragm is arranged between the film and the second panel and blocks the through hole; the hole-blocking filling layer is filled in the through hole and is located above the first water-blocking diaphragm; the photovoltaic cell includes an electrode, the bus bar is connected to the electrode of the photovoltaic cell, and extends out of the through hole through the first water-blocking diaphragm and the hole-blocking filling layer. The junction box is arranged on the second panel and covers the through hole, and the junction box is filled with potting glue, and the bus bar extends into the potting glue to connect with the external electrode. The second water-blocking diaphragm is wrapped on the surface of the part of the bus bar extending out of the through hole.

[0103] The preparation method of the above photovoltaic module is as follows:

[0104] Step 1: Deposit various functional layers of the photovoltaic cell on the first panel to form a photovoltaic cell, and connect the bus bar to the positive and negative electrodes of the photovoltaic cell; the photovoltaic cell is a perovskite photovoltaic cell.

[0105] Step 2: Lay a film on the photovoltaic cell, cut the film at the position corresponding to the through hole of the second panel to facilitate the bus bar to be led out; place a first water-blocking diaphragm on the film at the position corresponding to the through hole, and cut the first water-blocking diaphragm to facilitate the bus bar to be led out, and the size of the first water-blocking diaphragm is larger than the size of the through hole.

[0106] Step 3: The butyl rubber heated to above 150° C. is laid around the second panel through a delivery pipe to serve as an edge water barrier, thereby obtaining a front assembly.

[0107] Step 4: Align and fix the obtained front assembly and the EVA film so that the first water-blocking diaphragm is located between the EVA film and the second panel and aligned with the through hole to obtain a fixed assembly.

[0108] Step 5: Laminating the obtained fixed assembly (lamination temperature is lower than 150°C) to obtain a laminated assembly; filling the through-holes on the second panel with butyl rubber heated to above 150°C through a delivery pipe, and flattening the butyl rubber so that the butyl rubber tightly seals the through-holes to form a hole-blocking filling layer; the busbar passes through the hole-blocking filling layer and is led out of the through-hole; and a second water-blocking diaphragm is wrapped around the portion of the busbar extending out of the through-hole.

[0109] Step 6: Glue the junction box onto the second panel, weld the busbars extending from the through holes to the external electrodes in the junction box, pot the junction box with potting glue, cover the box, and obtain a photovoltaic module.

[0110] Among them, the first water-blocking diaphragm adopts PET-based water-blocking material, which is composed of a PET substrate and an adhesive layer arranged on the substrate; the total thickness of the PET-based water-blocking material is 150μm, the thickness of the substrate is 100μm, and the adhesive layer is made of the same material as the adhesive film. The second water-blocking diaphragm adopts a polyvinyl fluoride diaphragm; the contact surface between the second water-blocking diaphragm and the busbar is bonded by acrylic glue, and the thickness of the second water-blocking diaphragm is 25μm. The density of butyl rubber is 0.96g / cm 3 , elongation at break ≥417%, water vapor transmission rate less than 0.28g / m 2 / day, melt viscosity is 2.0×10 -3 mPa. The potting glue uses silicone glue, and its water vapor transmission rate is 46g / m 2 / day. Both the first panel and the second panel are glass panels.

[0111] Comparative Example 1

[0112] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that: no hole-blocking filling layer is provided in the through hole of the second panel; no first water-blocking diaphragm is provided between the adhesive film and the second panel; and no second water-blocking diaphragm is provided on the surface of the portion of the busbar extending out of the through hole.

[0113] Comparative Example 2

[0114] A photovoltaic module includes a first panel, a photovoltaic cell, a bus bar, a film, a first water-blocking diaphragm, a hole-blocking filling layer, a second panel and a junction box. The first panel, the photovoltaic cell, the film and the second panel are stacked in sequence; the second panel has a through hole for leading out the bus bar; the hole-blocking filling layer is filled in the through hole, the first water-blocking diaphragm is arranged above the through hole, and the first water-blocking diaphragm is also located above the hole-blocking filling layer; the photovoltaic cell includes an electrode, the bus bar is connected to the electrode of the photovoltaic cell, and extends out of the through hole through the hole-blocking filling layer and the first water-blocking diaphragm. The junction box is arranged on the second panel and covers the through hole, and the junction box is filled with potting glue, and the bus bar extends into the potting glue and connects with the external electrode.

[0115] Step 1: Deposit various functional layers of the photovoltaic cell on the first panel to form a photovoltaic cell, and connect the bus bar to the positive and negative electrodes of the photovoltaic cell; the photovoltaic cell is a perovskite photovoltaic cell.

[0116] Step 2: Lay an adhesive film on the photovoltaic cell, and cut the adhesive film at the position corresponding to the through hole of the second panel to facilitate the busbar to be led out.

[0117] Step 3: Align and fix the second panel and the adhesive film, introduce butyl rubber into the through hole to form a hole-blocking filling layer; attach the first water-blocking diaphragm above the through hole; pass the bus bar through the adhesive film, the hole-blocking filling layer and the first water-blocking diaphragm in sequence and extend it out of the through hole to obtain a fixed component.

[0118] Step 4: Laminating the obtained fixed assembly (lamination temperature is lower than 150° C.) to obtain a laminated assembly.

[0119] Step 5: Bond the junction box to the second panel, weld the busbar extending from the through hole to the external electrode in the junction box, pot the junction box with potting glue, and cover the box to obtain a photovoltaic module. The materials of the first water-blocking diaphragm, butyl glue, potting glue, the first panel and the second panel are the same as those in Example 1.

[0120] The photovoltaic modules of the above embodiments and comparative examples were subjected to DH tests to test the reliability of the photovoltaic modules. The conditions of the DH test were: temperature 85°C, humidity 85%RH. The specific test method can refer to IEC61215-2021. The DH test results of the photovoltaic modules of each embodiment and comparative example are shown in Table 1.

[0121] Table 1

[0122]

[0123] As can be seen from Table 1, after the photovoltaic module of Example 1 of the present application was subjected to a 400h DH test, the perovskite in the photovoltaic cell did not decompose and did not turn yellow, indicating that the reliability of the photovoltaic module is good. After the photovoltaic module of Comparative Example 1 was subjected to a 100h DH test, the perovskite decomposed and turned yellow. After the photovoltaic module of Comparative Example 2 was subjected to a 300h DH test, the perovskite also decomposed and turned yellow. This indicates that the reliability of the photovoltaic modules of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 is worse than that of the photovoltaic modules of the present application.

[0124] The above description of various embodiments tends to emphasize the differences between the various embodiments. The same or similar aspects can be referenced to each other, and for the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated herein.

[0125] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are only examples, and the embodiments having the same structure as the technical idea and exerting the same effect within the scope of the technical solution of the present application are all included in the technical scope of the present application. In addition, without departing from the scope of the main purpose of the present application, various modifications that can be thought of by those skilled in the art to the embodiments and other methods of combining some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: It includes a first panel, a photovoltaic cell, a bus bar, an adhesive film, a first water-blocking diaphragm and a second panel; The first panel, the photovoltaic cell, the adhesive film and the second panel are stacked in sequence; The second panel has a through hole; The first water-blocking diaphragm is disposed between the adhesive film and the second panel and blocks the through hole; The bus bar is connected to the electrode of the photovoltaic cell and passes through the first water-blocking diaphragm and extends out of the through hole.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first water-blocking diaphragm is tightly arranged between the adhesive film and the second panel.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The orthographic projection of the through hole along the first direction is within the range of the orthographic projection of the first water-blocking diaphragm along the first direction, and the first direction is parallel to the central axis of the through hole.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The orthographic projection range of the through hole along the first direction is smaller than the orthographic projection range of the first water-blocking diaphragm along the first direction, and the first water-blocking diaphragm has a shielding area beyond the range of the through hole.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first water-blocking membrane includes a substrate and a bonding layer, and the bonding layer is disposed on at least one surface of the substrate.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module satisfies one or more of the following (1) to (4): (1) The substrate comprises a PET film; (2) The material of the adhesive layer is the same as that of the adhesive film; (3) The thickness of the first water-blocking membrane is 150 μm to 3000 μm; (4) The thickness of the substrate is 100 μm to 2000 μm.

7. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: It also includes a hole-blocking filling layer, which is filled in the through hole and contacts the bus bar.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hole-blocking filling layer is in close contact with the inner sidewall of the through hole, the bus bar and the upper surface of the first water-blocking diaphragm.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hole plugging filling layer includes one or more of a butyl adhesive layer, a silicone gel layer and a UV adhesive layer.

10. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, 8 and 9, characterized in that: The photovoltaic assembly further comprises a junction box, which is arranged on the second panel and covers the through hole. The junction box is filled with potting glue, and the busbar extends into the potting glue.

11. The photovoltaic module according to claim 10, characterized in that: The photovoltaic assembly further includes a second water-blocking membrane, and the second water-blocking membrane is at least wrapped on the surface of the portion of the bus bar extending out of the through hole.

12. The photovoltaic module according to claim 11, characterized in that: The second water-blocking membrane includes one or more of a polyvinyl fluoride membrane and a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane.

13. The photovoltaic module according to claim 11, characterized in that: The thickness of the second water-blocking membrane is 25 μm to 3000 μm.

14. A photovoltaic system, comprising the photovoltaic assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. An electrical device comprising the photovoltaic system according to claim 14.

16. A power generation device comprising the photovoltaic system according to claim 14.

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