A middle school geography teaching device for demonstrating the process of earthquake occurrence
By designing a teaching device containing steel water pipes, wooden blocks and compression springs, the problem of lack of physical demonstration of earthquake occurrence in the prior art is solved, and the intuitive and physical demonstration of earthquake occurrence and its destructiveness is realized, enhancing students' experimental impression.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420291359.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-16
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-11
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-02-16
AI Technical Summary
The lack of teaching devices in existing middle schools that can intuitively and physically demonstrate the earthquake occurrence process, making it difficult for students to form a deep experimental impression.
A teaching device including steel water pipes, heavy-duty woodworking water pipe clamps, wooden blocks, compression springs, holed metal sheets and screws was designed. By simulating the energy accumulation before earthquakes and the energy release during earthquakes, the impact of different fault inclinations on earthquakes is demonstrated.
The device can intuitively demonstrate the earthquake occurrence process and its destructiveness, enhance students' experimental impression, and is simple in structure, easy to operate and maintain, suitable for classroom or outdoor use.
Smart Images
Figure CN222749102U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to a teaching device for demonstrating earthquakes, in particular to a middle school geography teaching device for demonstrating the earthquake occurrence process. Background Art
[0002] Among various natural disasters, especially geological disasters, earthquakes are the most destructive and sudden. Earthquakes can be generally divided into tectonic earthquakes, volcanic earthquakes and artificial earthquakes according to their causes. Most of the earthquakes that affect human life and production are tectonic earthquakes caused by plate compression, collision or tension fracture.
[0003] In the teaching of the causes of earthquakes in middle school geography, the relevant knowledge of modern plate tectonic theory is often introduced to explain that the most common tectonic earthquakes often occur at the junction of different plates rather than inside the plates. The two most famous earthquake and volcanic activity belts in the world, the Mediterranean-Himalayan earthquake and volcanic belt and the Pacific Rim earthquake and volcanic belt, are both located at the junction of two plates moving in opposite directions. The earthquakes that often occur here are also the type of earthquakes formed by compression and collision in tectonic earthquakes.
[0004] At present, in middle schools and even some universities, when explaining earthquake-related content, they often use simulated animations or verbal descriptions for simulation and restoration, which is indeed idealistic and convenient, but it is not conducive to students forming a more solid experimental impression. The study of earthquakes was gradually deepened by scientists' predecessors through a large number of field investigations and simulation experiments. Therefore, the demonstration device used for earthquake teaching should be visible, tangible, hands-on, and practical.
[0005] Therefore, when teaching earthquake-related content, providing a teaching device with a reasonable structural design, simple and easy operation, and intuitive and clear results, which can be used to demonstrate the earthquake process in front of students is one of the problems that technicians in this field urgently need to address. Utility Model Content
[0006] The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in actual teaching, and to design a new earthquake occurrence process demonstrator based on many years of teaching experience; it mainly demonstrates the occurrence principle of compression and collision type tectonic earthquakes, the changes between plates before an earthquake, the characteristics of locations prone to earthquakes, the results after an earthquake occurs, and other phenomena; that is, to provide a teaching device with reasonable structural design, simple and easy operation, and intuitive and clear results, which can be used to demonstrate the earthquake occurrence process in front of students.
[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a middle school geography teaching device for demonstrating the process of earthquake occurrence, characterized in that the device includes: a steel water pipe, a heavy-duty woodworking water pipe clamp, a wooden block with a groove at the bottom and holes on the side, a wooden block with a groove at the bottom and inclined surfaces at different angles on the side, a compression spring, a metal sheet with holes and screws.
[0008] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
[0009] The device can demonstrate the occurrence process of compression-collision type tectonic earthquakes and the destructive effects on the ground, which is more interesting and intuitive.
[0010] As the screw at the fixed end of the water pipe clamp screws in and applies more pressure to the clamped wood block group, the change in pressure during the simulated earthquake can be observed intuitively from the shortening degree of the compression spring, which well demonstrates the energy convergence process before the earthquake. Subsequently, when the wood block is pressed and squeezed along the inclined surface, the compression spring can quickly restore its original length to demonstrate the release of energy accompanying the earthquake.
[0011] With two sets of detachable perforated metal sheets and screws on different slopes, they can be used to fix two adjacent wooden blocks according to needs so that they do not move up and down. This can be used to explore the impact of different fault inclinations on earthquakes.
[0012] The groove under the wooden block facilitates the sliding of the wooden block on the water pipe and also serves to fix the two sets of water pipe clamps.
[0013] The device has a simple structure, is durable, has low cost, is easy to disassemble and assemble, is convenient to carry and transport, has significant application effects, and has strong promotion potential. It can demonstrate the occurrence process of earthquakes and some phenomena and characteristics in the classroom or outdoors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model.
[0015] In the figure: 1 the fixed end of the water pipe clamp, 2 a combination of wooden blocks with grooves at the bottom and holes on the sides, 3 a combination of wooden blocks with grooves at the bottom and inclined surfaces at different angles on the sides, 4 the movable end of the water pipe clamp, 5 a steel water pipe, 6 a compression spring, 7 a metal sheet with holes, and 8 screws. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] The specific implementation methods, structures and features provided by the utility model are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
[0017] like Figure 1As shown, a middle school geography teaching device for demonstrating the process of earthquake occurrence includes: a fixed end 1 of a water pipe clamp, a wooden block combination 2 with a groove at the bottom and holes on the side, a wooden block combination 3 with a groove at the bottom and inclined surfaces at different angles on the side, a movable end 4 of the water pipe clamp, a steel water pipe 5, a compression spring 6, a metal sheet with holes 7 and a screw 8.
[0018] There are no special requirements for the selection of heavy-duty woodworking pipe clamps (including the fixed end 1 of the pipe clamp and the movable end 4 of the pipe clamp). The 4-branch and 6-branch heavy-duty woodworking pipe clamps are common on the market. Generally, the 4-branch heavy-duty woodworking pipe clamps can be selected for teaching demonstrations. It is worth noting that when selecting the pipe clamp, the clamp head is preferably equipped with a rubber sleeve to prevent the wooden block combination (including the wooden block combination 2 with a groove at the bottom and a hole on the side and the wooden block combination 3 with a groove at the bottom and inclined surfaces at different angles on the side) from being damaged when the clamping pressure is too large. The steel water pipe 5 is selected with a thread at one end, and the length is 80cm, or the appropriate length can be selected according to the actual width of the wooden block combination, generally 20cm needs to be added on the basis of the actual width of the wooden block combination. The threaded end of the steel water pipe 6 is connected to the thread in the fixed end 1 of the pipe clamp by rotation, and the movable end 4 of the pipe clamp adjusts the initial clamping length according to the total width of the wooden block combination through its internal locking mechanism.
[0019] All wood block combinations (including wood block combination 2 with grooves on the bottom and holes on the side and wood block combination 3 with grooves on the bottom and bevels at different angles on the side) are made of pine blocks with a length of 40 cm, a height of 4 cm, and an indefinite width, and their surfaces are polished. Pine wood is easy to process, has a low cost, a low density, and a moderate friction coefficient after polishing. Therefore, the bottom of the wood block combination is opened with an arc groove with a depth of 1 cm, 10 cm away from both sides of the wood block. Wood block combination 2 with grooves on the bottom and holes on the side is composed of two pine blocks with a width of 6 cm and a single-sided hole. The hole diameter is 2 cm, the hole depth is 1 cm, and the hole center on both sides is 5 cm away from both sides of the wood block. The center hole is located at the center of the side of the wood block. The compression spring 6 uses a spring with a wire diameter of 2 mm, a length of 60 mm, and a diameter of 20 mm. It is worth noting that the thicker the wire diameter and the larger the diameter, the greater the pressure required for the compression spring to compress. The two wood blocks with holes on the side are connected to the compression spring 6 in the hole through an adhesive, and together constitute a visual component of the extrusion force. The total width of the wooden block combination 3 with grooves at the bottom and inclined surfaces at different angles on the sides is 30 cm, and the inclination angles of the two inclined surfaces are 30° and 60° respectively. It is worth noting that the inclination angle of the inclined surface can be adjusted according to the specific material of the board. The smaller the inclination angle, the easier it is for the wooden blocks to stagger up and down, and the amplitude of the vibration when staggered and the phenomenon of simulated earthquake are weaker; the larger the inclination angle, the harder it is for the wooden blocks to stagger up and down, and the amplitude of the vibration when staggered and the phenomenon of simulated earthquake are stronger, and even objects placed on the wooden blocks can be bounced up. A detachable perforated metal sheet 7 and a screw 8 are provided between the upper surfaces of the two wooden blocks, and are used to fix the two adjacent wooden blocks according to needs so that they do not stagger up and down. In actual demonstration, one set of perforated metal sheets 7 needs to be locked.
[0020] The device is based on a stable base composed of two heavy-duty water pipe clamps and steel water pipes, and a combination of wooden blocks is reasonably installed to construct a simulated ground; the wooden block combination is pressurized based on the rotating rod at the fixed end of the heavy-duty water pipe clamp to simulate the accumulation of energy in the rock before an earthquake; the compression springs between the wooden blocks are used to visualize the pressure between the wooden block combinations; and the different slope inclinations between the wooden block combinations are used to demonstrate the influence of the fault dip on earthquakes.
[0021] First, select a suitable clamping tool as the extrusion source for the combined wooden boards. The spiral rod at the fixed end of the water pipe clamp can slowly increase the clamping force. The grooves of the same depth at the bottom of the combined wooden boards make the extrusion force between the wooden blocks act on the same plane.
[0022] Secondly, the size of the heavy-duty woodworking water pipe clamp and the steel water pipe is determined according to the size of the wooden board combination used as the simulated ground. Other similar clamping tools can also be used, or smaller clamping tools with similar structures can be designed using 3D printing technology. The size of the compression spring is determined according to the clamping force.
[0023] Finally, the entire device was installed and according to the demonstration requirements, a metal sheet with holes was installed with screws at the junction of the upper surfaces of the wooden blocks with different angles to fix the two wooden blocks. Finally, the following functions were completed:
[0024] (1) Demonstrate the destructive phenomena during an earthquake;
[0025] (2) Demonstrate the phenomenon of energy accumulation before an earthquake occurs;
[0026] (3) Demonstrate the energy release phenomenon during an earthquake;
[0027] (4) Demonstrate the impact of faults with different inclination angles on earthquake occurrence;
[0028] The working principle of the utility model is as follows: the device uses the clamping structure of the heavy-duty water pipe clamp as the extrusion source of the wood block combination, and the rotating rod of the fixed end of the heavy-duty water pipe clamp is rotated clockwise to continuously pressurize the wood block combination, and the compression spring is compressed accordingly, until the inclined plane intersection kept open in the wood block combination is displaced, and the static state of the object placed above the wood block is destroyed, and the compression spring is restored accordingly; the deformation generated by the compression spring can be considered as the accumulation and release of energy in the simulated earthquake, and the greater the deformation, the stronger the dislocation of the subsequent wood block, which can be considered as the greater the degree of damage of the simulated earthquake; different inclined plane intersections of the wood blocks are selected for control experiments, the smaller the slope of the inclined plane, the smaller the inclination angle of the simulated fault, the smaller the deformation of the compression spring when the wood block combination is dislocated, the weaker the dislocation of the subsequent wood block, which can be considered as the smaller the degree of damage of the simulated earthquake, the greater the slope of the inclined plane, the greater the inclination angle of the simulated fault, the greater the deformation of the compression spring when the wood block combination is dislocated, the stronger the dislocation of the subsequent wood block, which can be considered as the greater the degree of damage of the simulated earthquake.
[0029] The application process of the utility model is as follows: the device is placed on any stable horizontal plane, the steel sheet in the movable end of the heavy-duty water pipe clamp is pressed to move it to the position where the wooden block combination is just clamped, and some objects are placed above the wooden block combination with inclined surfaces as simulated buildings, such as a pile of books, etc.; one wooden block inclined surface intersection is selected for the first time and kept open, and the other wooden block inclined surface intersection is locked with a perforated metal sheet and screws to keep it closed, and the subsequent steps are performed again in the second experiment with the opposite locking situation; the rotating rods at the fixed ends of the two heavy-duty water pipe clamps are synchronously rotated clockwise with both hands, and the wooden block combination is slowly pressed, and the deformation of the compression spring is observed at the same time; the rotating rod is continued to be rotated until the wooden block combination is dislocated at the inclined surface intersection, obvious vibration is generated and the simulated building structure is damaged, and the displacement between the wooden boards and the deformation of the compression spring are observed at the same time; the rotating rods at the fixed ends of the two heavy-duty water pipe clamps are synchronously rotated counterclockwise with both hands to restore the device to its initial state.
[0030] The detailed description of the teaching device for demonstrating the earthquake occurrence process with reference to the above-mentioned embodiment is illustrative rather than restrictive; therefore, changes and modifications without departing from the overall concept of the utility model should fall within the scope of protection of the utility model.
Claims
1. A middle school geography teaching device for demonstrating the earthquake process, characterized in that The device includes: a wooden block assembly, a simulated building, a compression spring, a metal sheet with holes, screws and a base; The base is composed of a heavy-duty woodworking water pipe clamp and a water pipe; the fixed end of the water pipe clamp is rotatably connected to the threaded end of the water pipe, and the movable end adjusts the initial clamping length according to demand through its internal locking mechanism; a combination of wooden blocks is arranged on it as a simulated ground; The wooden block combination includes: a wooden block with a groove at the bottom and a hole at the side, and a wooden block with a groove at the bottom and a bevel at different angles at the side; the wooden blocks with a groove at the bottom and a hole at the side are connected to a compression spring through an adhesive; the wooden blocks with a groove at the bottom and a bevel at different angles at the side are placed adjacent to each other on a base.
2. The middle school geography teaching device for demonstrating the earthquake occurrence process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottom of the wooden block combination is provided with arc-shaped grooves of the same width.
3. The middle school geography teaching device for demonstrating the earthquake occurrence process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The surfaces of the wooden block combinations are all polished.
4. The middle school geography teaching device for demonstrating the earthquake occurrence process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The slopes of the two inclined planes in the wooden block combination are less than 1 and greater than 1 respectively.
5. The middle school geography teaching device for demonstrating the earthquake occurrence process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper surface of the junction of the wooden blocks with grooves at the bottom and inclined surfaces at different angles at the sides is provided with a plurality of metal sheets with holes which can be fixed by screws, and the wooden blocks at both sides of the inclined surfaces with different slopes can be fixed respectively.
6. The middle school geography teaching device for demonstrating the earthquake occurrence process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Choose a compression spring with a wire diameter of 2.0-3.0mm, a length of 60-80mm, and a diameter of 15-25mm.