Biomass carbonization and hydrogen production integrated system

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of carbonization and hydrogen production devices, in particular to a biomass carbonization and hydrogen production integrated system, which consists of a biomass pretreatment system, a biomass carbonization and gasification system, a dust recovery system, a gas separation system and a gas collection system, biomass sequentially passes through the biomass pretreatment system, the biomass carbonization and gasification system, the dust recovery system, the gas separation system and the gas collection system to be treated. The biomass pretreatment system is used for sequentially carrying out coarse crushing, cleaning, drying, crushing and granulating procedures on biomass; the biomass charcoal and hydrogen co-production system has the beneficial effects that the biomass charcoal and hydrogen co-production system is a charcoal and hydrogen co-production integrated system and has very high economic benefits in co-production of biomass charcoal and hydrogen; a powder recovery system is arranged in the system, recovered powder can be used for being processed into other economic products, and the situation that the powder is directly discharged and pollutes the environment is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of carbon production and hydrogen production devices, and in particular to an integrated system for biomass carbon production and hydrogen production. Background Art

[0002] Hard carbon refers to carbon materials that are still difficult to graphitize and maintain disordered structures at high calcination temperatures. At present, coconut shells, bagasse, walnut shells, starch, straw, etc. are widely studied to develop biomass hard carbon for lithium / sodium ion battery negative electrode materials. They have the advantages of high capacity, stability, low cost and renewability, and have great potential in the fields of energy storage materials and energy. In addition, the current treatment method for coconut shells, bagasse, walnut shells, straw, etc. is burning. The environmental pollution caused by the burning of these hard carbons cannot be ignored. Even if the government has not allowed the burning of straw, there is still a lot of straw burning in the farmland, which leads to environmental pollution. Because of the lack of straw treatment methods, coconut shells, bagasse, and walnut shells can only be treated as garbage. Seriously pollute the environment and lead to waste of resources. With the development of our new energy vehicles in China, the output of new energy batteries occupies an important share of global output, and the scale of new energy batteries will grow rapidly. A large amount of lithium / sodium ion battery negative electrode materials are urgently needed.

[0003] Among them, in the process of clean and efficient utilization of biomass, the clean and efficient development and utilization of biomass resources must adhere to energy efficiency improvement and low-carbon cleanness. Biomass pyrolysis mainly extracts volatiles, while biomass gasification focuses on improving energy efficiency and improving the quality of gasification products. It is difficult to achieve the dual effects of low-carbon cleanness and improved energy efficiency through a single approach.

[0004] Therefore, how to cleanly and efficiently utilize biomass to transform it into clean energy and significantly improve energy efficiency is of great significance and is also an important technical challenge. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the background technology, the utility model provides an integrated system for biomass charcoal production and hydrogen production.

[0006] The technical solution of the utility model is: the integrated system of biomass charcoal and hydrogen production is composed of a biomass pretreatment system, a biomass carbonization and gasification system, a dust recovery system, a gas separation system, and a gas collection system. The biomass is processed in sequence by the biomass pretreatment system, the biomass carbonization and gasification system, the dust recovery system, the gas separation system, and the gas collection system;

[0007] The biomass pretreatment system sequentially performs the processes of coarse crushing, cleaning, drying, pulverizing and granulating on the biomass;

[0008] The biomass carbonization and gasification system sequentially gasifies and carbonizes the biomass, and pyrolysis gas is generated during gasification. The pyrolysis gas generated during the pyrolysis of the biomass mainly contains water gas CO, H2, gasified acetic acid, tar, SO2, and methane CH4. Finished biomass charcoal is generated during carbonization.

[0009] If the water gas in the pyrolysis gas is directly discharged, it will pollute the environment and waste energy, so a dust recovery system is installed to filter and recover the solids such as biomass charcoal and ash in the pyrolysis gas generated during gasification in the biomass carbonization and gasification system;

[0010] The gas separation system removes acidic gases from the pyrolysis gas after being filtered by the dust recovery system, and only retains high-purity hydrogen;

[0011] The gas collection system cools, compresses and stores the high-purity hydrogen after being processed by the gas separation system, and the high-purity hydrogen can be directly sold as a finished hydrogen product.

[0012] Since biomass raw materials such as coconut shells, bagasse, walnut shells, starch, straw, etc. contain a lot of impurities and dust, and the biomass raw materials themselves are of different lengths and sizes, it is necessary to clean the impurities and dust of the biomass raw materials and make the raw materials into uniform sizes. Preferably, the biomass pretreatment system is composed of a horizontal coarse crusher, a cleaning machine, a dryer, a pulverizer, a granulator, and a first conveyor belt. A feed port is provided on the left side of the horizontal coarse crusher, and the biomass comes directly from the feed port. A cleaning machine is installed at the right outlet of the horizontal coarse crusher, the dryer is installed at the outlet of the cleaning machine, the pulverizer is installed at the outlet of the dryer, and the granulator is installed at the outlet of the pulverizer. The first conveyor belt connects the horizontal coarse crusher, the cleaning machine, the dryer, the pulverizer, and the granulator in sequence. The first conveyor belt allows the biomass to pass through the horizontal coarse crusher, the cleaning machine, the dryer, the pulverizer, and the granulator in sequence. The conveyor belt structure of the first conveyor belt has the advantages of being more convenient, simpler, low cost, and easy to maintain than other mechanisms.

[0013] The horizontal coarse crusher coarsely crushes the biomass raw materials into fragments of different sizes, which is convenient for subsequent cleaning and crushing. The cleaning machine cleans the coarsely crushed biomass, and washes away impurities and dust on the surface of the biomass during cleaning. The dryer dries the washed biomass to facilitate subsequent crushing. If it is not dried, the wet biomass will stick together and be difficult to crush into powder. The crusher crushes the dried biomass into powder. The granulator turns the clean and crushed biomass powder into particles of a certain size. For laboratories, the biomass powder can also be turned into flakes.

[0014] In order to improve the cleaning and drying effects, preferably, the cleaning machine is a bubble cleaning machine, and the drying machine is a drum drying machine. The horizontal coarse crusher, cleaning machine and drying machine are all provided with a support frame, and the support frame is convenient for firmly fixing the horizontal coarse crusher, cleaning machine and drying machine on the ground to reduce displacement caused by vibration and the like.

[0015] Preferably, the biomass carbonization and gasification system consists of a first sealed door, a gasification chamber, a second sealed door, a third sealed door, a carbonization chamber, and a second conveyor belt;

[0016] The gasification chamber is located at the outlet of the biomass pretreatment system and the gasification chamber is connected to the biomass pretreatment system through a first conveyor belt. The gasification chamber is provided with a first sealing door at the entrance of the first conveyor belt. The carbonization chamber is located at the outlet side of the gasification chamber. A second conveyor belt is installed at the bottom of the gasification chamber and the carbonization chamber.

[0017] When the first sealing door and the second sealing door are closed, the gasification chamber is isolated from the outside world; when the second sealing door and the third sealing door are closed, the carbonization chamber is isolated from the outside world.

[0018] In order to prevent the biomass from chemically reacting with the air during gasification and carbonization, once the biomass reacts chemically with other substances in the air, there will be excess impurities that contaminate the finished biomass charcoal, reducing the performance of the finished biomass charcoal. In order to improve the purity of the finished biomass charcoal, the impurities in the finished biomass charcoal must be specially treated later. Preferably, the gasification chamber is also connected to a vacuum pump, which is not shown in the drawings of the specification. Before the gasification chamber is operated, the first sealing door and the second sealing door need to be closed to ensure that the gasification chamber is isolated from oxygen from the outside. The vacuum pump first extracts the air in the gasification chamber to a vacuum degree of -50KPa, and then The gasification chamber is filled with inert gas or nitrogen for 20 minutes. Argon and helium are generally preferred as inert gases. Argon and helium have good inertness and will not react chemically with biomass. However, argon and helium are relatively expensive, and helium has become one of the most scarce resources in the world. Nitrogen can be used for large-scale industrial production. Although nitrogen is not an inert gas, its chemical properties are not active. It is very inert under normal conditions and is not easy to react chemically with other substances. Using nitrogen can greatly reduce the cost of use, because after all, nitrogen is the gas with the highest content in the air, and the used nitrogen can be directly discharged into the atmosphere.

[0019] The gasification chamber performs anaerobic distillation at a temperature of 900°C-1000°C during operation. The biomass will produce a large amount of water gas CO, H2, gasified acetic acid, tar, SO2, and methane CH4 under anaerobic distillation. High-purity hydrogen H2 can be produced from the water gas.

[0020] In order to prevent burns and save energy, preferably, the gasification chamber, the first sealed door, the second sealed door, the third sealed door and the carbonization chamber are all surrounded by insulation materials. The insulation materials can effectively reduce energy consumption and also make the temperature outside the gasification chamber and the carbonization chamber not so high.

[0021] Preferably, the dust recovery system is composed of a filter screen, a first pipeline, a solid-gas separator, a solid collection bin, a first valve, a cooling chamber, and a liquid collection chamber;

[0022] The filter is installed above the gasification step equipment in the biomass carbonization and gasification system, one end of the first pipeline is connected to the gasification step equipment in the biomass carbonization and gasification system through the filter, the other end of the first pipeline is connected to the inlet of the solid-gas separator, the solid collection bin is installed below the solid-gas separator, the inlet of the cooling chamber is connected to the outlet of the solid-gas separator by a pipeline, the first valve is installed on the pipeline between the inlet of the cooling chamber and the outlet of the solid-gas separator to control the pipeline switch, the liquid collection chamber is installed below the cooling chamber, and the outlet of the cooling chamber is connected to the inlet of the gas separation system;

[0023] The filter screen is made of high temperature resistant stainless steel material.

[0024] The pyrolysis gas generated during anaerobic distillation is first filtered through the filter on the top and transported to the solid-gas separator through the first pipeline. The products such as biochar and ash in it are collected in the solid collection bin under the action of gravity. Then the first valve is opened, and the remaining pyrolysis gas is transported to the cooling chamber for cooling. After the pyrolysis gas is cooled, acetic acid, tar, etc. in it are collected into the liquid collection chamber under the action of gravity.

[0025] Preferably, the gas separation system consists of a desulfurization tower, a purification tower, and a first gas transmission component. The inlet of the desulfurization tower is connected to the outlet of the dust recovery system through a pipeline, and the inlet of the purification tower is connected to the outlet of the desulfurization tower through a pipeline. The first gas transmission component is installed on the pipeline between the desulfurization tower and the purification tower.

[0026] Preferably, the number of purification towers in the gas separation system is ≥ 2, and a first gas transmission assembly is installed on the pipeline between the plurality of purification towers;

[0027] A second valve is installed at the inlet of the first gas delivery component to control the opening and closing of the pipeline;

[0028] The purification tower is equipped with molecular sieves, activated alumina and silica gel stacked in layers, wherein the activated alumina is located at the bottom, the molecular sieve is located at the top, and the silica gel is located between the activated alumina and the molecular sieve.

[0029] Preferably, the gas collection system consists of a cooling box, a second gas delivery component, a gas compression chamber and a vacuum pump. The inlet of the cooling box is connected to the outlet of the gas separation system through a pipeline. A third valve is installed on the pipeline between the cooling box and the gas separation system. The inlet of the second gas delivery component is connected to the outlet of the cooling box. The inlet of the gas compression chamber is connected to the outlet of the second gas delivery component. A vacuum pump is installed at the bottom of the gas compression chamber through a pipeline. A fourth valve is installed at the outlet of the gas compression chamber.

[0030] Preferably, an inclined guide plate is installed between the first conveyor belt at the granulator outlet and the first sealed door of the gasification chamber, the end of the guide plate close to the first conveyor belt is higher than the entrance of the first sealed door, and the guide plate is made of heat-insulating material;

[0031] A silo is installed at the exit of the third sealed door, and when the third sealed door is opened, the second conveyor belt will convey the finished biochar to the silo.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0033] 1. This system is an integrated system for carbon production and hydrogen production, which has high economic benefits in the joint production of biomass carbon and hydrogen;

[0034] 2. This system is equipped with a powder recovery system. The recovered powder can be further processed into other economic products and avoid direct discharge to pollute the environment.

[0035] 3. This system is equipped with a cooling chamber, which can separate hydrogen-rich gas and liquids such as wood vinegar and collect them separately;

[0036] 4. This device is equipped with a conveyor belt in the carbonization chamber. After the combustion is completed, the biochar can be automatically transported to the silo, which improves the automation level of charcoal making;

[0037] 5. Continuous feeding and discharging, which is conducive to large-scale industrial application;

[0038] 6. The purification tower is stacked in layers using molecular sieve, activated alumina and silica gel. The activated alumina is at the bottom, the silica gel is in the middle and the molecular sieve is at the top. The bottom alumina plays a role in uniform airflow distribution, reducing buffering and absorbing most of the water, while the molecular sieve has a stronger adsorption capacity and is responsible for absorbing the remaining water and other compounds in the upper layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model.

[0040] Figure 2 It is a partial enlarged view of point A of the present utility model.

[0041] Figure 1-Figure 2 In the embodiment, a horizontal coarse crusher 1, a cleaning machine 2, a drying machine 3, a granulator 4, a gasification chamber 5, a filter screen 6, a carbonization chamber 7, a second conveyor belt 8, a solid-gas separator 9, a solid collecting bin 10, a cooling chamber 11, a desulfurization tower 12, a purification tower 14, a first gas transmission component 13, a cooling box 17, a second gas transmission component 18, a gas compression chamber 19, a vacuum pump 20, a silo 21, a pulverizer 22, a first conveyor belt 23, a liquid collecting chamber 24, a first valve 25, second valves 26, 27, a third valve 28, a fourth valve 29, a first sealing door 51, a second sealing door 52, a third sealing door 53, and a first pipeline 61 are provided. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following is a further description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0043] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides an integrated system for biomass charcoal production and hydrogen production, which is composed of a biomass pretreatment system, a biomass carbonization and gasification system, a dust recovery system, a gas separation system, and a gas collection system. The biomass is processed in sequence by the biomass pretreatment system, the biomass carbonization and gasification system, the dust recovery system, the gas separation system, and the gas collection system;

[0044] The biomass pretreatment system sequentially performs the processes of coarse crushing, cleaning, drying, pulverizing and granulating on the biomass;

[0045] The biomass carbonization and gasification system sequentially gasifies and carbonizes the biomass, and pyrolysis gas is generated during gasification. The pyrolysis gas generated during the pyrolysis of the biomass mainly contains water gas CO, H2, gasified acetic acid, tar, SO2, and methane CH4. Finished biomass charcoal is generated during carbonization.

[0046] If the water gas in the pyrolysis gas is directly discharged, it will pollute the environment and waste energy, so a dust recovery system is installed to filter and recover the solids such as biomass charcoal and ash in the pyrolysis gas generated during gasification in the biomass carbonization and gasification system;

[0047] The gas separation system removes acidic gases from the pyrolysis gas after being filtered by the dust recovery system, and only retains high-purity hydrogen;

[0048] The gas collection system cools, compresses and stores the high-purity hydrogen after being processed by the gas separation system, and the high-purity hydrogen can be directly sold as a finished hydrogen product.

[0049] Since biomass raw materials such as coconut shells, bagasse, walnut shells, starch, straw, etc. contain a lot of impurities and dust, and the biomass raw materials themselves are of different lengths and sizes, it is necessary to clean the impurities and dust of the biomass raw materials and make the raw materials into uniform sizes. Preferably, the biomass pretreatment system consists of a horizontal coarse crusher 1, a cleaning machine 2, a drying machine 3, a pulverizer 22, a granulator 4, and a first conveyor belt 23. A feed port is provided on the left side of the horizontal coarse crusher 1, and the biomass comes directly from the feed port. A cleaning machine is installed at the right outlet of the horizontal coarse crusher 1. 2, the dryer 3 is installed at the outlet of the cleaning machine 2, the crusher 22 is installed at the outlet of the dryer 3, the granulator 4 is installed at the outlet of the crusher 22, the first conveyor belt 23 connects the horizontal coarse crusher 1, the cleaning machine 2, the dryer 3, the crusher 22, and the granulator 4 in sequence, and the first conveyor belt 23 allows the biomass to pass through the horizontal coarse crusher 1, the cleaning machine 2, the dryer 3, the crusher 22, and the granulator 4 in sequence. The conveyor belt structure of the first conveyor belt 23 is more convenient, simpler, low-cost, and easy to maintain than other mechanisms;

[0050] The horizontal coarse crusher 1 coarsely crushes the biomass raw material into fragments of different sizes, which is convenient for subsequent cleaning and crushing. The cleaning machine 2 cleans the coarsely crushed biomass, and removes impurities and dust on the surface of the biomass during cleaning. The dryer 3 dries the washed biomass to facilitate subsequent crushing. If it is not dried, the wet biomass will stick together and be difficult to crush into powder. The crusher 22 crushes the dried biomass into powder. The granulator 4 turns the clean and crushed biomass powder into particles of a certain size. For laboratories, the biomass powder can also be turned into flakes.

[0051] In order to improve the cleaning and drying effects, preferably, the cleaning machine 2 is a bubble cleaning machine, and the drying machine 3 is a drum drying machine. The horizontal coarse crusher 1, the cleaning machine 2 and the drying machine 3 are all provided with a support frame, and the support frame is convenient for firmly fixing the horizontal coarse crusher 1, the cleaning machine 2 and the drying machine 3 on the ground to reduce displacement caused by vibration and the like.

[0052] Preferably, the biomass carbonization and gasification system is composed of a first sealed door 51, a gasification chamber 5, a second sealed door 52, a third sealed door 53, a carbonization chamber 7, and a second conveyor belt 8;

[0053] The gasification chamber 5 is located at the outlet of the biomass pretreatment system and the gasification chamber 5 is connected to the biomass pretreatment system through a first conveyor belt 23. The gasification chamber 5 is provided with a first sealing door 51 at the entrance of the first conveyor belt 23. The carbonization chamber 7 is located at the outlet side of the gasification chamber 5. A second conveyor belt 8 is installed at the bottom of the gasification chamber 5 and the carbonization chamber 7.

[0054] When the first sealing door 51 and the second sealing door 52 are closed, the gasification chamber 5 is isolated from the outside world. When the second sealing door 52 and the third sealing door 53 are closed, the carbonization chamber 7 is isolated from the outside world.

[0055] In order to prevent the biomass from chemically reacting with the air during gasification and carbonization, once the biomass reacts chemically with other substances in the air, there will be excess impurities that contaminate the finished biomass charcoal, reducing the performance of the finished biomass charcoal. In order to improve the purity of the finished biomass charcoal, the impurities in the finished biomass charcoal must be specially treated later. Preferably, the gasification chamber 5 is also connected to a vacuum pump, which is not shown in the drawings of the specification. Before the gasification chamber 5 works, the first sealing door 51 and the second sealing door 52 need to be closed to ensure that the gasification chamber 5 is isolated from oxygen from the outside. The vacuum pump first removes the air in the gasification chamber 5 to make the vacuum degree -50KPa. Then the gasification chamber 5 is filled with inert gas or nitrogen for 20 minutes. Argon and helium are generally preferred as inert gases. Argon and helium have good inertness and will not react chemically with biomass. However, argon and helium are relatively expensive, and helium has become one of the most scarce resources in the world. Nitrogen can be used for large-scale industrial production. Although nitrogen is not an inert gas, its chemical properties are not active. It is very inert under normal conditions and is not easy to react chemically with other substances. Using nitrogen can greatly reduce the cost of use, because after all, nitrogen is the gas with the highest content in the air, and the used nitrogen can be directly discharged into the atmosphere.

[0056] The gasification chamber 5 performs anaerobic distillation at a temperature of 900°C to 1000°C during operation. The biomass will produce a large amount of water gas CO, H2, gasified acetic acid, tar, SO2, and methane CH4 under anaerobic distillation. High-purity hydrogen H2 can be produced from the water gas.

[0057] The working temperature of the carbonization chamber 7 is controlled at 1400℃~16000℃

[0058] In order to prevent burns and save energy, preferably, the gasification chamber 5 and the carbonization chamber 7 are equipped with heating resistance wires and temperature sensing devices to control or maintain the reaction temperature, and the gasification chamber 5, the first sealed door 51, the second sealed door 52, the third sealed door 53 and the carbonization chamber 7 are all surrounded by insulation materials. The insulation materials can effectively reduce energy consumption and also make the external temperature of the gasification chamber 5 and the carbonization chamber 7 not so high.

[0059] The gasification chamber 5 and the carbonization chamber 7 are paved with heat insulation cotton between the second conveyor belt 8 at the bottom.

[0060] Preferably, the dust recovery system is composed of a filter screen 6, a first pipeline 61, a solid-gas separator 9, a solid collection bin 10, a first valve 25, a cooling chamber 11, and a liquid collection chamber 24;

[0061] The filter screen 6 is installed above the gasification step equipment in the biomass carbonization and gasification system. One end of the first pipeline 61 is connected to the gasification step equipment in the biomass carbonization and gasification system through the filter screen 6. The other end of the first pipeline 61 is connected to the inlet of the solid-gas separator 9. The solid collection bin 10 is installed below the solid-gas separator 9. The inlet of the cooling chamber 11 is connected to the outlet of the solid-gas separator 9 by a pipeline. The first valve 25 is installed on the pipeline between the inlet of the cooling chamber 11 and the outlet of the solid-gas separator 9 to control the pipeline switch. The liquid collection chamber 24 is installed below the cooling chamber 11, and the outlet of the cooling chamber 11 is connected to the inlet of the gas separation system. The condenser in the cooling chamber is an aluminum hollow condenser.

[0062] The filter screen 6 is made of high temperature resistant stainless steel.

[0063] The pyrolysis gas generated during the anaerobic distillation is first filtered through the filter screen 6 at the top, and then transported to the solid-gas separator 9 through the first pipeline 61. The biomass charcoal and ash products therein are collected in the solid collection bin 10 under the action of gravity. Then the first valve 25 is opened, and the remaining pyrolysis gas is transported to the cooling chamber 11 for cooling. After the pyrolysis gas is cooled, the acetic acid, tar, etc. therein are collected in the liquid collection chamber 24 under the action of gravity. Figure 1 Arrows are used to indicate that the pyrolysis gas passes through the filter 6 and is transmitted to the solid-gas separator 9 in the first pipeline 61 .

[0064] Preferably, the gas separation system consists of a desulfurization tower 12, a purification tower 14, and a first gas transmission component 13. The inlet of the desulfurization tower 12 is connected to the outlet of the dust recovery system through a pipeline, and the inlet of the purification tower 14 is connected to the outlet of the desulfurization tower 12 through a pipeline. The first gas transmission component 13 is installed on the pipeline between the desulfurization tower 12 and the purification tower 14.

[0065] Since the gas only passes through the purification tower once, a small amount of carbon dioxide CO2, water and methane CH4 will remain. Preferably, the number of purification towers 14 in the gas separation system is ≥ 2, and the first gas transmission assembly 13 is installed on the pipeline between the multiple purification towers 14. After passing through the purification towers 14 twice, the removal is done twice, and the effect will be better.

[0066] The inlet of the first gas delivery component 13 is provided with second valves 26 and 27 to control the opening and closing of the pipeline;

[0067] The purification tower 14 is equipped with molecular sieves, activated alumina and silica gel stacked in layers, wherein the activated alumina is located at the bottom, the molecular sieve is located at the top, and the silica gel is located between the activated alumina and the molecular sieve.

[0068] Preferably, the gas collection system consists of a cooling box 17, a second gas delivery component 18, a gas compression chamber 19 and a vacuum pump 20. The inlet of the cooling box 17 is communicated with the outlet of the gas separation system through a pipeline. A third valve 28 is installed on the pipeline between the cooling box 17 and the gas separation system. The inlet of the second gas delivery component 18 is communicated with the outlet of the cooling box 17. The inlet of the gas compression chamber 19 is communicated with the outlet of the second gas delivery component 18. A vacuum pump 20 is installed at the bottom of the gas compression chamber 19 through a pipeline. A fourth valve 29 is installed at the outlet of the gas compression chamber 19.

[0069] The first gas delivery assembly 13 and the second gas delivery assembly 18 are responsible for delivering the gas. After cooling, the high-purity hydrogen is stored in the gas compression chamber 19 for easy storage.

[0070] Since the temperature of the gasification chamber 5 is very high during operation, and the first conveyor belt 23 needs to convey the pelletized biomass to the gasification chamber 5, in order to prevent the first conveyor belt 23 from failing due to alternating hot and cold and thermal expansion and contraction, preferably, an inclined guide plate is installed between the first conveyor belt 23 at the outlet of the granulator 4 and the first sealing door 51 of the gasification chamber 5, and the end of the guide plate close to the first conveyor belt 23 is higher than the entrance of the first sealing door 51, and the guide plate is made of heat-insulating material, so that the end of the first conveyor belt 23 close to the gasification chamber 5 will not be in a high-temperature environment, thereby improving the life of the first conveyor belt 23.

[0071] A silo 21 is installed at the exit of the third sealed door 53. When the third sealed door 53 is opened, the second conveyor belt 8 will convey the finished biochar to the silo 21. The finished biochar stored in the silo 21 can be taken away manually or automatically by other devices at regular intervals.

[0072] The following are examples of detailed working steps:

[0073] 1. Biomass enters from the feed port of the horizontal coarse crusher 1;

[0074] 2. The horizontal coarse crusher 1 coarsely crushes the biomass;

[0075] 3. Then it is transported to the bubble cleaning machine for cleaning via the first conveyor belt 23;

[0076] 4. The drum dryer 3 performs drying;

[0077] 5. The granulator 4 granulates the biomass according to the set size;

[0078] 6. The gasification chamber 5 is gasified, and the generated pyrolysis gas enters step 7, and the generated solid enters step 8;

[0079] 7. Steps for producing high-purity hydrogen from pyrolysis gas:

[0080] (1) The pyrolysis gas is filtered through the filter screen 6 and enters the solid-gas separator 9;

[0081] (2) The solid-gas separator 9 separates the biochar and ash in the pyrolysis gas into a solid collection bin 10;

[0082] (3) The cooling chamber 11 separates the acetic acid and tar in the pyrolysis gas into the liquid collection chamber 24;

[0083] (4) The desulfurization tower 12 removes sulfur dioxide SO2 from the pyrolysis gas;

[0084] (5) The purification tower 14 removes carbon dioxide CO2, water, and methane CH4 from the pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolysis gas is now high-purity hydrogen;

[0085] (6) The cooling box 17 performs cold compression on the high-purity hydrogen;

[0086] 8. Biomass solid carbonization steps:

[0087] (1) The carbonization chamber 7 carbonizes the biomass solids to produce finished biochar;

[0088] (2) The second conveyor belt 8 conveys the finished biochar to the silo 21 .

[0089] In this example, the heating devices of the carbonization chamber and the gasification chamber are both electrically started to provide heat for the reaction. The temperature required for each reaction chamber is different. The temperature of the carbonization chamber is controlled at 1400℃~1600℃, and the temperature of the gasification chamber is controlled at 900℃~1000℃.

[0090] In this example, all waste gases are treated, and water gas is used to produce high-purity hydrogen H 2 , little harm to the environment and high energy utilization rate.

[0091] In this example, automation is basically achieved, and the valves on the pipeline use regulating valves to effectively control the reaction rate and switching, and feed according to demand.

[0092] In this example, the integration of charcoal and hydrogen production is achieved, and the co-production of biochar and hydrogen is realized, which has high economic benefits.

[0093] In this example, a powder recovery system is provided, and the recovered powder is collected in a solid collection bin 10. The powder is basically composed of carbon and can continue to be used for biochar production and can be further processed into other economic products, and can avoid direct discharge to pollute the environment.

[0094] In this embodiment, a cooling chamber is provided to separate the hydrogen-rich gas from liquids such as wood acetic acid, acetic acid, tar, etc., and collect them separately.

[0095] In this example, a conveyor belt 8 is installed in the carbonization chamber, and the biochar can be automatically transported to the silo 21 after the combustion is completed, thereby improving the automation level of charcoal making.

[0096] In this example, the molecular sieve, activated alumina and silica gel in the purification tower are stacked in three layers, with the bottom layer being alumina, the middle layer being silica gel, and the top being molecular sieve (not shown in the figure).

[0097] Unless otherwise stated, any technical solution disclosed in the above patent, if it discloses a numerical range, then the disclosed numerical range is a preferred numerical range. Any technician in the field should understand that the preferred numerical range is only a numerical value with a more obvious or representative technical effect among many feasible numerical values. Since there are too many numerical values ​​to be exhaustive, the utility model discloses only some numerical values ​​to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model, and the numerical values ​​listed above should not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the utility model.

Claims

1. A biomass charcoal and hydrogen production integrated system, characterized by: The integrated system for biomass charcoal and hydrogen production is composed of a biomass pretreatment system, a biomass carbonization and gasification system, a dust recovery system, a gas separation system, and a gas collection system. The biomass is processed in sequence by the biomass pretreatment system, the biomass carbonization and gasification system, the dust recovery system, the gas separation system, and the gas collection system. The biomass pretreatment system sequentially performs the processes of coarse crushing, cleaning, drying, pulverizing and granulating on the biomass; The biomass carbonization and gasification system sequentially gasifies and carbonizes the biomass, generates pyrolysis gas during gasification, and generates finished biomass charcoal during carbonization; The dust recovery system filters and recovers the biomass charcoal and ash solids in the pyrolysis gas generated during gasification in the biomass carbonization and gasification system; The gas separation system removes acidic gases from the pyrolysis gas after being filtered by the dust recovery system, and only retains high-purity hydrogen; The gas collection system cools, compresses and stores the high-purity hydrogen processed by the gas separation system.

2. The integrated system for biomass charcoal and hydrogen production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biomass pretreatment system comprises a horizontal coarse crusher (1), a cleaning machine (2), a drying machine (3), a pulverizer (22), a granulator (4), and a first conveyor belt (23); a feed port is provided on the left side of the horizontal coarse crusher (1); a cleaning machine (2) is installed at the right outlet of the horizontal coarse crusher (1); the drying machine (3) is installed at the outlet of the cleaning machine (2); the pulverizer (22) is installed at the outlet of the drying machine (3); the granulator (4) is installed at the outlet of the pulverizer (22); the first conveyor belt (23) connects the horizontal coarse crusher (1), the cleaning machine (2), the drying machine (3), the pulverizer (22), and the granulator (4) in sequence; the first conveyor belt (23) allows the biomass to pass through the horizontal coarse crusher (1), the cleaning machine (2), the drying machine (3), the pulverizer (22), and the granulator (4) in sequence; The horizontal coarse crusher (1) coarsely crushes the biomass, the cleaning machine (2) cleans the coarsely crushed biomass, the dryer (3) dries the cleaned biomass, the pulverizer (22) crushes the dried biomass into powder, and the granulator (4) converts the cleaned and crushed biomass powder into particles of a certain size.

3. The integrated system for biomass charcoal and hydrogen production according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The cleaning machine (2) is a bubble cleaning machine, the drying machine (3) is a drum drying machine, and the horizontal coarse crushing machine (1), the cleaning machine (2) and the drying machine (3) are all provided with a support frame.

4. The integrated system for biomass charcoal and hydrogen production according to claim 2, characterized in that: The biomass carbonization and gasification system comprises a first sealed door (51), a gasification chamber (5), a second sealed door (52), a third sealed door (53), a carbonization chamber (7), and a second conveyor belt (8); The gasification chamber (5) is located at the outlet of the biomass pretreatment system and the gasification chamber (5) is connected to the biomass pretreatment system via a first conveyor belt (23). The gasification chamber (5) is provided with a first sealing door (51) at the entrance of the first conveyor belt (23). The carbonization chamber (7) is located at the outlet side of the gasification chamber (5). A second conveyor belt (8) is installed at the bottom of the gasification chamber (5) and the carbonization chamber (7). When the first sealing door (51) and the second sealing door (52) are closed, the gasification chamber (5) is isolated from the outside world; when the second sealing door (52) and the third sealing door (53) are closed, the carbonization chamber (7) is isolated from the outside world.

5. The integrated system for biomass charcoal and hydrogen production according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Heat insulation materials are installed around the gasification chamber (5), the first sealing door (51), the second sealing door (52), the third sealing door (53) and the carbonization chamber (7).

6. The integrated system for biomass charcoal and hydrogen production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust recovery system is composed of a filter screen (6), a first pipeline (61), a solid-gas separator (9), a solid collection bin (10), a first valve (25), a cooling chamber (11), and a liquid collection chamber (24); The filter (6) is installed above the gasification step equipment in the biomass carbonization gasification system; one end of the first pipeline (61) is connected to the gasification step equipment in the biomass carbonization gasification system through the filter (6); the other end of the first pipeline (61) is connected to the inlet of the solid-gas separator (9); the solid collection bin (10) is installed below the solid-gas separator (9); the inlet of the cooling chamber (11) is connected to the outlet of the solid-gas separator (9) by a pipeline; the first valve (25) is installed on the pipeline between the inlet of the cooling chamber (11) and the outlet of the solid-gas separator (9) to control the pipeline switch; the liquid collection chamber (24) is installed below the cooling chamber (11); the outlet of the cooling chamber (11) is connected to the inlet of the gas separation system; The filter screen (6) is made of high temperature resistant stainless steel material.

7. The integrated system for biomass charcoal and hydrogen production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas separation system comprises a desulfurization tower (12), a purification tower (14), and a first gas transmission assembly (13); the inlet of the desulfurization tower (12) is connected to the outlet of the dust recovery system through a pipeline; the inlet of the purification tower (14) is connected to the outlet of the desulfurization tower (12) through a pipeline; and the first gas transmission assembly (13) is installed on the pipeline between the desulfurization tower (12) and the purification tower (14).

8. The integrated system for biomass charcoal and hydrogen production according to claim 7, characterized in that: The number of the purification towers (14) is ≥ 2, and a first gas transmission assembly (13) is installed on the pipeline between the plurality of purification towers (14); A second valve (26, 27) is installed at the inlet of the first gas delivery component (13) to control the opening and closing of the pipeline; The purification tower (14) is equipped with a molecular sieve, activated alumina and silica gel stacked in layers, wherein the activated alumina is located at the bottom, the molecular sieve is located at the top, and the silica gel is located between the activated alumina and the molecular sieve.

9. The integrated system for biomass charcoal and hydrogen production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas collection system comprises a cooling box (17), a second gas delivery component (18), a gas compression chamber (19) and a vacuum pump (20); the inlet of the cooling box (17) is connected to the outlet of the gas separation system via a pipeline; a third valve (28) is installed on the pipeline between the cooling box (17) and the gas separation system; the inlet of the second gas delivery component (18) is connected to the outlet of the cooling box (17); the inlet of the gas compression chamber (19) is connected to the outlet of the second gas delivery component (18); the vacuum pump (20) is installed at the bottom of the gas compression chamber (19) via a pipeline; and the outlet of the gas compression chamber (19) is installed with a fourth valve (29).

10. The integrated system for biomass charcoal and hydrogen production according to claim 4, characterized in that: An inclined guide plate is installed between the first conveyor belt (23) at the outlet of the granulator (4) and the first sealing door (51) of the gasification chamber (5), the end of the guide plate close to the first conveyor belt (23) is higher than the entrance of the first sealing door (51), and the guide plate is made of heat-insulating material; A silo (21) is installed at the outlet of the third sealed door (53), and when the third sealed door (53) is opened, the second conveyor belt (8) conveys the finished biochar into the silo (21).

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