High-efficiency and high-energy-density fuel cell stack system

Abstract

The high-efficiency high-energy-density fuel cell stack system comprises a reaction tank, a water tank, a condensing device and a stack, an inlet of the reaction tank is connected with an outlet of the water tank through a pump and a pipeline, and an outlet of the reaction tank is connected with an inlet of the condensing device through a pipeline and a first pressure sensor. A water outlet of the condensing device is connected with a first inlet of the water tank through a pipeline and a first electromagnetic valve, an air outlet of the condensing device is connected with the galvanic pile through a pipeline, and an outlet of the galvanic pile is connected with a second inlet of the water tank through a pipeline and a third electromagnetic valve. Water of the condensing device circularly enters the water tank again to serve as a reactant, water of the galvanic pile anode circularly enters the water tank to serve as a reactant, and by recycling water and recycling heat energy in the water recycling process, the adding amount of initial water and the overall energy loss of the system are reduced, and the energy density of the system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of chemistry, in particular to a fuel cell, in particular to a high-efficiency and high-energy-density fuel cell stack system. Background Art

[0002] Portable power sources are mainly lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion batteries. Although lead-acid batteries have better charging and discharging characteristics in ultra-low temperature environments, they are heavy, large in size, and have extremely low energy density (50-70Wh / kg), which greatly increases the carrying weight; although lithium-ion batteries have a higher energy density than lead-acid batteries, which can reach 200-260Wh / kg, they still do not meet the needs of certain applications with high endurance requirements. Fuel cells are power generation devices that directly convert the chemical energy in hydrogen fuel and oxygen into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. They are not limited by the Carnot cycle, have an energy conversion efficiency of more than 50%, and have the advantages of zero emissions, low infrared, low noise, low maintenance costs, and fast start-up. They are considered to be one of the most promising clean energy sources. In the prior art, a hydrolysis reaction to produce hydrogen occurs in the fuel cell reactor, generating hydrogen and releasing heat. The incompletely reacted water enters the stack together with the hydrogen in the form of water vapor or condensed into liquid water under high temperature. The hydrogen undergoes an electrochemical reaction in the stack to generate electricity. A small amount of hydrogen humidification on the anode side of the stack will improve the performance of the stack, but too much water, especially liquid water, entering the anode side will cause the anode to be flooded, causing local hydrogen starvation at the anode of the stack, affecting the overall performance and life of the stack. In addition, the stack generates water on the cathode side, but it will diffuse through the proton exchange membrane into the anode of the stack, and will be discharged from the stack outside with the unreacted hydrogen through the exhaust valve at irregular intervals. If the system runs for too long, more water will accumulate inside the system. The water will flow with the airflow, causing moisture inside the system, affecting the use of electronic components, etc. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a high-efficiency and high-energy-density fuel cell stack system, which aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the excess water after the hydrolysis reaction of fuel cell hydrogen production cannot be recycled, affecting the overall performance, life and energy density of the stack, and how to further improve the energy density of the hydrolysis hydrogen production system.

[0004] The utility model discloses a high-efficiency and high-energy-density fuel cell stack system, comprising a reaction tank, a water tank, a condensing device and a stack, wherein the inlet of the reaction tank is connected to the outlet of the water tank through a pump and a pipeline, the outlet of the reaction tank is connected to the inlet of the condensing device through a pipeline, a first pressure sensor is arranged on the pipeline between the outlet of the reaction tank and the inlet of the condensing device, the water outlet of the condensing device is connected to the first inlet of the water tank through a pipeline and a first solenoid valve, the air outlet of the condensing device is connected to the stack through a pipeline, a second solenoid valve, a filter, a pressure reducing valve and a second pressure sensor are arranged on the pipeline between the condensing device and the stack, the outlet of the stack is connected to the second inlet of the water tank through a pipeline and a third solenoid valve, and the control ends of the pump, the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve, and the signal output ends of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are all connected to a controller.

[0005] Furthermore, the condensation device includes a condensation pipe and a condensation container. The condensation pipe is arranged in a water tank and can achieve heat exchange with the water in the water tank. One end of the condensation pipe is connected to the reaction tank through a pipeline, and the other end of the condensation pipe extends into the bottom of the condensation container. The air outlet of the condensation container is connected to the second solenoid valve, and the water outlet of the condensation container is connected to the first solenoid valve. A liquid level sensor is arranged in the condensation container.

[0006] Furthermore, the condenser is in a zigzag shape and is made of metal material.

[0007] Furthermore, the condensing device includes a heat dissipation container and an air inlet pipe, metal heat dissipation fins are arranged on both sides of the heat dissipation container, a heat dissipation fan is arranged on the outer side of the metal heat dissipation fins, one end of the air inlet pipe extends into the heat dissipation container, the air outlet of the heat dissipation container is connected to the second solenoid valve, the water outlet of the heat dissipation container is connected to the first solenoid valve, and a liquid level sensor is arranged in the heat dissipation container.

[0008] Furthermore, a waterproof and breathable membrane is provided in the first inlet or the second inlet of the water tank.

[0009] Furthermore, a water supply port is provided on the water tank, and a filtering device is provided in the water supply port.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has a positive and obvious effect. The utility model has a high-efficiency and high-energy-density fuel cell stack system, which recycles the water of the condensing device into the water tank as a reactant, and the water of the anode of the stack into the water tank as a reactant. By recycling water, energy waste is reduced, and the amount of initial water added is reduced. The heat of the water and gas circulating into the water tank is partially absorbed by the inner wall of the water tank or the water in the water tank, which can increase the temperature of the outer wall of the water tank and the internal water, increase the speed of the hydride hydrolysis reaction, and reduce the energy barrier for starting the hydrolysis reaction. It is particularly suitable for low ambient temperature conditions. The energy density of the high-efficiency fuel cell system of the utility model can reach 2 times that of lithium batteries and 7-10 times that of lead-acid batteries. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of a high-efficiency and high-energy-density fuel cell stack system of the utility model.

[0012] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a condenser tube in a high-efficiency and high-energy-density fuel cell stack system of the utility model.

[0013] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a metal heat dissipation fin in a high-efficiency and high-energy-density fuel cell stack system of the utility model.

[0014] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between a fuel cell stack and a water tank in a high-efficiency and high-energy-density fuel cell stack system of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with an embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiment. Any similar structure and similar changes of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. The use of directions such as up, down, front, back, left, and right in the present invention is only for the convenience of clear description and is not a limitation on the technical solution of the present invention.

[0016] like Figure 1-Figure 4As shown, a high-efficiency and high-energy-density fuel cell stack system of the utility model comprises a reaction tank 102, a water tank 101, a condensing device 104 and a stack 111, wherein the inlet of the reaction tank 102 is connected to the outlet of the water tank 101 through a pump 110 and a pipeline, the outlet of the reaction tank 102 is connected to the inlet of the condensing device 104 through a pipeline, a first pressure sensor 103 is arranged on the pipeline between the outlet of the reaction tank 102 and the inlet of the condensing device 104, and the water outlet of the condensing device 104 is connected to the first inlet of the water tank 101 through a pipeline and a first solenoid valve 105. The air outlet of the condensing device 104 is connected to the fuel cell stack 111 through a pipeline. The second solenoid valve 106, the filter 107, the pressure reducing valve 108 and the second pressure sensor 109 are arranged on the pipeline between the condensing device 104 and the fuel cell stack 111. The outlet of the fuel cell stack 111 is connected to the second inlet of the water tank 101 through a pipeline and a third solenoid valve 119. The control ends of the pump 110, the first solenoid valve 105, the second solenoid valve 106 and the third solenoid valve 119, and the signal output ends of the first pressure sensor 103 and the second pressure sensor 109 are all connected to a controller.

[0017] Furthermore, the condensation device 104 includes a condensation tube 112 and a condensation container 113. The condensation tube 112 is arranged in the water tank 101. One end of the condensation tube 112 is connected to the reaction tank 102 through a pipeline, and the other end of the condensation tube 112 extends into the bottom of the condensation container 113. The air outlet 118 of the condensation container 113 is connected to the second solenoid valve 106, and the water outlet of the condensation container 113 is connected to the first solenoid valve 105. A liquid level sensor (not shown in the figure) is arranged in the condensation container 113.

[0018] Furthermore, the condenser tube 112 is in a zigzag shape. Specifically, the condenser tube 112 is made of a material with high thermal conductivity such as metal.

[0019] Furthermore, the condensing device 104 includes a heat dissipation container 114 and an air inlet pipe 115. Metal heat dissipation fins 116 are provided on both sides of the heat dissipation container 114. A heat dissipation fan 117 is provided on the outer side of the metal heat dissipation fins 116. One end of the air inlet pipe 115 extends into the heat dissipation container 114. The air outlet 118 of the heat dissipation container 114 is connected to the second solenoid valve 106. The water outlet of the heat dissipation container 114 is connected to the first solenoid valve 105. A liquid level sensor (not shown in the figure) is provided in the heat dissipation container 114.

[0020] Furthermore, a waterproof and breathable membrane is provided in the first inlet or the second inlet of the water tank 101, and the size of the breathable and waterproof membrane is calculated to balance the pressure fluctuation in the water tank 101 during drainage and exhaust.

[0021] Furthermore, the water tank 101 is provided with a water replenishment port 120, and a filtering device is provided in the water replenishment port 120. The filtering device adopts a water filtering membrane, and can filter and use outdoor water, and can also use drinking water.

[0022] Specifically, the reaction tank 102, condensing device 104, fuel cell stack 111, pump 110, pressure sensor, solenoid valve, filter 107, pressure reducing valve 108, controller, etc. in this embodiment all adopt well-known solutions in the prior art, which are well understood by those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated here.

[0023] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: the water in the water tank 101 enters the reaction tank 102 through the pump 110, and undergoes a hydrolysis reaction with the hydride, borohydride or mixture in the reaction tank 102 to produce hydrogen-containing compounds. The water and the hydrogen-containing compounds undergo a hydrolysis reaction in the reaction tank 102 to produce hydrogen and release heat. The unreacted water enters the condensing device 104 together with the hydrogen through the first pressure sensor 103 under the action of high temperature, and gas-liquid separation is achieved in the condensing device 104. The water in the condensing device 104 is discharged to the water tank 101 through the first solenoid valve 105 for recycling. The hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack 111 after passing through the second solenoid valve 106, the filter 107, the pressure reducing valve 108, and the second pressure sensor 109, and undergoes an electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell stack 111 to generate electrical energy. The outlet of the fuel cell stack 111 drains and exhausts water to the water tank 101 through the third solenoid valve 119 for recycling.

[0024] The condensation device 104 can use a slender condensation tube 112, and use the water in the water tank 101 to condense the water vapor in the gas. The gas in turn preheats the water in the water tank 101 to increase the hydrolysis reaction rate. The condensation device 104 can also use a structure of metal heat dissipation fins 116 plus a heat dissipation fan 117, and finally gather in a container of a certain capacity. The first solenoid valve 105 can be opened according to the calculation of the controller program or the detection of the liquid level by the liquid level sensor to realize the drainage of the condensation device 104, and the discharged water enters the water tank 101 through the pipeline for recovery.

[0025] The fuel cell stack 111 is an open cathode structure fuel cell stack 111 with a simple structure. The cathode is supplied with gas by a fan. The anode adopts a dead-end design and pulsed exhaust and water. The water and gas discharged from the anode of the fuel cell stack 111 are directly sent to the water tank 101 through a pipeline for recovery and recycling.

[0026] The utility model discloses a high-efficiency and high-energy-density fuel cell stack system, in which the water of the condensing device 104 is recycled into the water tank 101 as a reactant, and the water of the anode of the stack 111 is recycled into the water tank 101 as a reactant, and the energy waste is reduced by recycling water, and the amount of initial water added is reduced. The heat of the water and gas circulating into the water tank 101 is absorbed by the inner wall of the water tank 101 or the water part in the water tank 101, which can increase the temperature of the outer wall of the water tank 101 and the internal water, increase the speed of the hydride hydrolysis reaction, and reduce the energy barrier for starting the hydrolysis reaction. The utility model is particularly suitable for conditions with low ambient temperature. The energy density of the high-efficiency fuel cell system of the utility model can reach twice that of a lithium battery and 7-10 times that of a lead-acid battery.

[0027] As one of the reactants of the hydrolysis reaction, water needs to be added additionally in the hydrogen production reaction. Gas-liquid separation is performed before entering the stack 111. The electrochemical reaction of the stack 111 will generate water. By simultaneously recovering the water on the anode side of the stack 111 and the unreacted water from the hydrolysis hydrogen production, the water can be recycled, the reaction utilization rate of water can be maximized, the initial amount of water added can be reduced, and the energy density of the system can be improved. In the two water recovery processes, the heat in the gas can be used to heat the water in the water tank 101, etc., to achieve the recycling of heat, improve the energy utilization rate of the entire system, and thus achieve high efficiency and high energy density of the system.

Claims

1. A high efficiency and high energy density fuel cell stack system, characterized by: It includes a reaction tank, a water tank, a condensing device and a fuel cell stack. The inlet of the reaction tank is connected to the outlet of the water tank through a pump and a pipeline. The outlet of the reaction tank is connected to the inlet of the condensing device through a pipeline and a first pressure sensor. The water outlet of the condensing device is connected to the first inlet of the water tank through a pipeline. The first pressure sensor is arranged on the pipeline between the outlet of the reaction tank and the inlet of the condensing device. The air outlet of the condensing device is connected to the fuel cell stack through a pipeline. The second solenoid valve, a filter, a pressure reducing valve and a second pressure sensor are arranged on the pipeline between the condensing device and the fuel cell stack. The outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the second inlet of the water tank through a pipeline and a third solenoid valve. The control ends of the pump, the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve, and the signal output ends of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are all connected to a controller.

2. The high-efficiency and high-energy-density fuel cell stack system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The condensation device includes a condensation tube and a condensation container. The condensation tube is arranged in a water tank. One end of the condensation tube is connected to the reaction tank through a pipeline, and the other end of the condensation tube extends into the bottom of the condensation container. The air outlet of the condensation container is connected to the second solenoid valve, and the water outlet of the condensation container is connected to the first solenoid valve. A liquid level sensor is arranged in the condensation container.

3. The high efficiency and high energy density fuel cell stack system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The condenser is in a zigzag shape and is made of metal material.

4. The high-efficiency and high-energy-density fuel cell stack system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The condensing device includes a heat dissipation container and an air inlet pipe. Metal heat dissipation fins are arranged on both sides of the heat dissipation container. A heat dissipation fan is arranged on the outer side of the metal heat dissipation fins. One end of the air inlet pipe extends into the heat dissipation container. The air outlet of the heat dissipation container is connected to the second solenoid valve. The water outlet of the heat dissipation container is connected to the first solenoid valve. A liquid level sensor is arranged in the heat dissipation container.

5. The high efficiency and high energy density fuel cell stack system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A waterproof and breathable membrane is provided in the first inlet or the second inlet of the water tank.

6. The high efficiency and high energy density fuel cell stack system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water tank is provided with a water replenishing port, and a filtering device is arranged in the water replenishing port.

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