Machine tool

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of machine tools, in particular to a machine tool which comprises a base, a stand column, a detector, a comparator and a controller, a first track and a second track are arranged on the base, a first temperature sensor is arranged on a first sliding block, and a second temperature sensor is arranged on a second sliding block. The temperature detected by the first temperature sensor and the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor are transmitted to the comparator to be compared, a comparison difference value is output, the controller calculates a control value according to the comparison difference value and sends the control value to the feeding system and the cooling system of the machine tool, and the feeding system conducts feeding compensation according to the received control value, or the cooling system conducts cooling compensation according to the received control value. And the cooling system carries out cooling compensation according to the received control value so as to improve the feeding precision of the machine tool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of machine tools, in particular to a machine tool. Background Art

[0002] At present, linear guides are widely used in the CNC machine tool industry. During the operation of the machine tool, the high-speed movement between the column and the guide rail on the base may cause thermal deformation of the guide rail, and the deformation of the guide rail will affect the processing accuracy. Referring to Chinese patent CN206825066U, the column in this patent moves back and forth along the X-axis track. During the movement, the X-axis track may be thermally deformed due to friction, and when the thermal deformation of the two X-axis tracks is inconsistent, the side with larger deformation will arch up, causing the column to tilt, resulting in inaccurate spindle feeding, so the existing technology needs to be improved. Utility Model Content

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a machine tool.

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] The utility model provides a machine tool, comprising: a base and a column, wherein a first track and a second track are arranged on the base, which are parallel and have different heights, a first slidable slider is arranged on the first track, and a second slidable slider is arranged on the second track, and the column is connected with the first slider and the second slider, and is characterized in that it also comprises:

[0006] The detector includes a first temperature sensor disposed on the first slider and a second temperature sensor disposed on the second slider;

[0007] a comparator, electrically connected to the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor respectively, and used to compare the temperatures output by the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor to output a comparison difference;

[0008] The controller is electrically connected to the comparator, and is used to receive the comparison difference and generate a control value, wherein the control value is used to control the feed system of the machine tool to perform feed compensation, and / or to control the cooling system of the machine tool to perform cooling compensation.

[0009] In one embodiment, the detector further comprises:

[0010] A pressure sensor connected to the first slider and the second slider, used to sense a first pressure value when lubricating oil is passed into the channel in the first slider, and used to sense a second pressure value when lubricating oil is passed into the channel in the second slider;

[0011] The comparator is electrically connected to the pressure sensor, and the comparator is also used to compare the first pressure value and the second pressure value with the pressure values ​​preset in the comparator, respectively, so as to output a first pressure difference value and a second pressure difference value correspondingly;

[0012] The controller is also used to control the lubricating oil pressure output by the oil circuit system of the machine tool to the first slider according to the first pressure difference value, and to control the lubricating oil pressure output by the oil circuit system of the machine tool to the second slider according to the second pressure difference value.

[0013] In one embodiment, the first slider and the second slider are correspondingly provided with a first flow channel and a second flow channel that penetrate therethrough.

[0014] In one embodiment, an adapter is provided on the first slider and the second slider, and the adapter is connected to the first flow channel and the second flow channel. The adapter includes an output port and two inlets. The output port is used to connect with the corresponding first slider and second slider, one inlet is used for an external oil circuit system for inputting lubricating oil, and the other inlet is used for an external air circuit system for delivering air.

[0015] In one embodiment, a first track groove matched with the first track is provided on the first slider, a second track groove matched with the second track is provided on the second slider, first ball channels are provided on both sides of the first track groove, second ball channels are provided on both sides of the second track groove, and first balls and second balls are arranged in the first ball channels and the second ball channels respectively;

[0016] The first slider rolls and rubs against the first track through the first ball, and the second slider rolls and rubs against the second track through the second ball; the first flow channel is connected to the first ball channel, and the second flow channel is connected to the second ball channel.

[0017] In one embodiment, two first ball channels arranged vertically are provided on both sides of the first track groove, and two second ball channels arranged vertically are provided on both sides of the second track groove; and / or,

[0018] The first ball channel and the second ball channel are both racetrack-type structures.

[0019] In one embodiment, the inlet of the first flow channel is arranged on a side surface of the first slider perpendicular to the length direction of the first track, and the inlet of the second flow channel is arranged on a side surface of the second slider perpendicular to the length direction of the second track.

[0020] In one embodiment, the column includes a first connecting side and a second connecting side, and the first connecting side and the second connecting side are correspondingly arranged on the first sliding block and the second sliding block;

[0021] The machine also includes:

[0022] The main axis is arranged on the Z-axis track of the column so as to be movable up and down.

[0023] In one embodiment, the first temperature sensor is arranged on the side of the first slider along the length direction of the first track and is located in the middle of the side of the first track; the second temperature sensor is arranged on the side of the second slider along the length direction of the second track and is located in the middle of the side of the second track.

[0024] In one embodiment, the first track and the second track are arranged on a base, and a Y-axis track perpendicular to the X-axis track is also arranged on the base, and a slidable workbench is arranged on the Y-axis track.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: a first temperature sensor is arranged on the first slider, and a second temperature sensor is arranged on the second slider, the temperatures detected by the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are transmitted to a comparator for comparison and a comparison difference is output, a controller calculates a control value according to the comparison difference and sends it to a feed system and a cooling system of a machine tool, the feed system performs feed compensation according to the received control value, or the cooling system performs cooling compensation according to the received control value, so as to improve the feed accuracy of the machine tool. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present invention. In the drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the machine tool of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the guide rail and the slider of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the first sliding block of the utility model;

[0030] Figure 4 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of the first sliding block of the utility model;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first sliding block of the utility model.

[0032] The figures are marked as follows: 1-machine body, 2-first track, 3-second track, 4-first slider, 5-second slider, 6-first temperature sensor, 7-first flow channel, 8-adapter, 81-output port, 82-inlet port, 9-first track groove, 10-first ball bearing, 11-column, 12-spindle, 13-base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the utility model, the technical solution in the embodiment of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiment of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0034] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 A machine tool of an embodiment of the utility model includes a machine tool body 1, the machine tool body 1 includes a base, a column, an X-axis track, a slider, a detector, a comparator, a controller, a cooling system and a feeding system, wherein the X-axis track includes a first track 2 and a second track 3 which are parallel and have different heights and are arranged on the base 13. The slider includes a first slider 4 and a second slider 5 with the same structure, the first slider 4 is slidably arranged on the first track 2, and the second slider 5 is slidably arranged on the second track 3. The detector includes a first temperature sensor 6 and a second temperature sensor for real-time temperature detection, the first temperature sensor 6 is arranged on the first slider 4, and the second temperature sensor is arranged on the second slider 5. The comparator is electrically connected to the first temperature sensor 6 and the second temperature sensor respectively, and is used to compare the temperatures output by the first temperature sensor 6 and the second temperature sensor to output a comparison difference. The controller is electrically connected to the comparator, and is used to receive the comparison difference and generate a control value, and the control value is used to control the feeding system of the machine tool to perform feeding compensation; and / or, the control value is used to control the cooling system of the machine tool to perform cooling compensation.

[0035] In actual use, the column 11 includes a first connection side and a second connection side, and the first connection side and the second connection side are connected to the first slider 4 and the second slider 5 respectively. The column 11 can move back and forth on the X-axis track through the slider. A Z-axis track is arranged on the column 11, and the spindle 12 can move up and down along the Z-axis track. The column 11 moves on the first track 2 and the second track 3 through the slider. During the movement, the slider and the track will generate heat by friction. The detector is used to detect the temperature of the slider, and the temperature of the X-axis track can be understood by the temperature of the slider. The comparator is connected to the detector, and the detector sends the temperature to the comparator after detecting the temperature. The comparator compares the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 6 and the second temperature sensor to generate a comparison difference. The controller calculates and outputs the control value according to the comparison difference and sends it to the feeding system and cooling system of the machine tool. The feeding system controls the spindle 12 to move on the column 11 according to the given control value. In addition, the cooling system can also adjust the temperature of the slider according to the control value.

[0036] The utility model arranges a detector on the slider to detect the temperature of the first slider 4 and the second slider 5 in real time, and transmits the temperature detected by the detector to the comparator. The comparator obtains the two temperature values ​​to compare the production temperature difference. The comparison difference is used to calculate how much deformation the track has produced. The controller outputs a control value according to the degree of deformation. The feed system controls the spindle 12 to move according to the calculated feed according to the control value to ensure the accuracy of the spindle 12 feeding movement up and down on the column 11.

[0037] Specifically, when the column 11 moves along the X-axis track, the heat generated by the friction between the two may cause the X-axis track to deform. For example, the pressure friction heat generated by the first track 2 causes the first track 2 to bulge and deform. The bulging of the first track 2 will cause the first connection side with the column 11 to tilt, thereby causing the column 11 to tilt toward the second track 3. In this case, if the spindle 12 feeds toward the worktable according to the setting when the track is not deformed, a certain error will occur. In order to avoid this error, since the spindle 12 is tilted, the spindle 12 needs to feed a certain displacement on the basis of the original set feed, so that the spindle 12 can be processed closer to a suitable position, and the displacement distance of the extra feed is the feed compensation. For example, when the track is not deformed, the spindle 12 needs to move down 10um along the Z-axis track to reach a suitable processing position. However, when the first track 2 produces an arched thermal deformation, the column 11 tilts toward the second track 3, so that the height of the spindle 12 from the workbench increases, such as an increase of 3um. At this time, the spindle 12 needs to move down 13um to reach a suitable processing position.

[0038] It should be noted that the working temperature standard of the milling machine track is generally 20℃~25℃, and it is considered a high temperature working state when it exceeds 25℃. When the temperature is higher than the standard value, it is easy to cause the track to deform, thus affecting the processing accuracy and stability of the milling machine.

[0039] The comparator calculates the feed compensation according to the temperature detected by the detector. The comparator has an algorithm for calculating the thermal deformation of the track according to the temperature. For example, when the temperature of the first slider 4 obtained by the comparator is ℃, the thermal deformation of the track at this temperature is calculated according to the temperature, or the comparator is provided with a detector detecting the thermal deformation corresponding to the temperature of 30℃. When the temperature of 30℃ is obtained, the thermal deformation is directly output as the feed compensation. Then the controller generates a control value according to the comparison difference, and according to the control value, the feed system controls the spindle 12 to move by adding the feed compensation to the original moving feed amount.

[0040] However, in actual work, both tracks may produce thermal deformation. For example, the temperature of the first track 2 obtained by the comparator is 35°C, and the temperature of the second track 3 obtained is 28°C. The comparator calculates the thermal deformation at a temperature of 35°C and the thermal deformation at a temperature of 28°C respectively, and then subtracts the larger thermal deformation from the smaller thermal deformation to obtain the feed compensation.

[0041] In addition, the detector is arranged on the outer side of the slider, that is, the temperature obtained by the detector is actually lower than the temperature generated by the friction between the track and the inside of the slider. For example, at the position of the first slider 4, the temperature of the first track 2 is 35°C, but because the detector 6 is arranged on the outside of the first slider 4, the detected temperature is lower than 35°C, such as 30°C, and the track thermal deformation calculated by the comparator based on 30°C is definitely smaller than the track thermal deformation calculated based on 35°C. Therefore, the feed compensation calculated by the utility model is as close to the required feed compensation as possible.

[0042] In addition, the comparator calculates the thermal deformation of the track based on the temperature, which is an existing technology. A detector or displacement sensor is used to detect the temperature rise and thermal deformation of the track, and a thermal error mathematical model is established. In the actual working process, the compensation value is calculated based on the established thermal error mathematical model combined with the real-time collected machine tool temperature value and sent to the CNC feed system. The feed system controls the additional feed movement in real time according to the compensation value to correct the feed system error and improve the processing accuracy of the machine tool. The specific principle of calculating the thermal deformation of the track will not be expanded in detail here.

[0043] In one embodiment, reference Figure 1 The detector also includes a pressure sensor, which is connected to the first slider 4 and the second slider 5, and is used to sense the first pressure value when the lubricating oil is passed into the channel of the first slider 4, and is used to sense the second pressure value when the lubricating oil is passed into the channel of the second slider 5. The comparator is electrically connected to the pressure sensor, and the comparator is also used to compare the first pressure value and the second pressure value with the preset pressure value in the comparator, respectively, to output the first pressure difference value and the second pressure difference value accordingly. The controller controls the lubricating oil pressure output by the oil circuit system of the machine tool to the first slider according to the first pressure difference value, and is used to control the lubricating oil pressure output by the oil circuit system of the machine tool to the second slider according to the second pressure difference value.

[0044] For example, in order to ensure that the slider has enough lubricating oil for lubrication and cooling, the comparator is preset with a preset pressure value output by the oil circuit system to the slider to ensure that the oil circuit system continuously outputs a stable amount of lubricating oil to the slider. In actual use, the comparator compares the pressure value in the slider with the preset pressure value. When the pressure difference value (including the first pressure difference value and the second pressure difference value) is too large, such as the pressure in the slider is too small, the controller controls the oil circuit system to increase the lubricating oil pressure output to the slider; conversely, when the pressure output by the oil circuit system to the slider is too large, it is necessary to reduce the lubricating oil pressure output to the slider. As for how large the pressure difference value is when the pressure difference is too large, it can be adjusted according to the actual situation. For example, when the pressure value is lower than 80% of the preset pressure value or when the pressure value is higher than 110% of the preset pressure value, it is considered that the pressure difference is too large. This is an example, not an absolute value.

[0045] In one embodiment, reference Figures 1 to 4 The first slider 4 and the second slider 5 are correspondingly provided with a first flow channel 7 and a second flow channel, and the first flow channel 7 and the second flow channel can be connected to the cooling system for conveying cooling air flow or cooling liquid to the first flow channel 7 and the second flow channel to cool down the space between the slider and the X-axis track.

[0046] In one embodiment, reference Figures 1 to 4 , the first slider 4 and the second slider 5 are both provided with an adapter 8, the adapter 8 is connected with the first flow channel 7 and the second flow channel, and the adapter 8 includes an output port 81 and two access ports 82, the output port 81 is used to connect with the corresponding first slider 4 and the second slider 5, one access port 82 is used for externally inputting the oil circuit system of lubricating oil, and the other access port 82 is used for externally connecting the air circuit system of air supply. The oil circuit system delivers lubricating oil to the slider through an access port of the adapter 8, so that the slider and the track are lubricated by the lubricating oil to reduce the friction between the two, thereby reducing the temperature between the slider and the track. The lubricating oil can be set to be filled at a preset time, for example, once per second. In addition, the cooling system supplies air to the slider through another access port 82 to cool the track. When there is no oil supply, the cold air enters the slider and keeps blowing the ball bearings in the working state of the slider to reduce its temperature. At the same time, the temperature of the track will also be reduced, thereby suppressing the overall thermal deformation of the feed system. The present application can reduce the thermal deformation of the track by cooling the slider and the track, thereby improving the accuracy of the machine tool.

[0047] In one embodiment, reference Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5The first slider 4 is provided with a first track groove 9 matched with the first track 2, and the second slider 5 is provided with a second track groove matched with the second track 3. The first track groove 9 is provided with first ball channels on both sides, and the first ball channels are arranged in the first ball channels. The second track groove is provided with second ball channels on both sides, and the second ball channels are arranged in the second ball channels. When the slider moves, the first ball 10 rolls and rubs with the first track 2, and the second ball rolls and rubs with the second track 3, so that the first slider 4 slides on the first track 2, and the second slider 5 slides on the second track 3. The first flow channel 7 is connected with the first ball channel, and the second flow channel is connected with the second ball channel, so that the first ball 10 and the second ball can be cooled through the first flow channel 7 and the second flow channel.

[0048] There is a gap between the first slider 4 and the first track 2, and there is a gap between the second slider 5 and the second track 3. The first ball channel is connected to the gap on the side of the first track 2, and the second ball channel is connected to the gap on the side of the second track 3. Figure 3 and Figure 5 By delivering coolant or cooling into the slider, cold air flows out from the gap between the slider and the X-axis track, creating a cooling effect on the X-axis track and the slider.

[0049] Further, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 5 Two first ball channels arranged up and down are provided on both sides of the first track groove 9, and each first ball channel is arranged with a first ball 10. Two second ball channels arranged up and down are provided on both sides of the second track groove, and each second ball channel is arranged with a second ball, so as to increase the contact between the slider and the ball and improve the smooth sliding of the slider.

[0050] Further, refer to Figure 5 The first ball channel and the second ball channel are both racetrack-type structures. When the slider moves, the first ball 10 contacts the first slider 4, and the second ball contacts the second slider 5, so that the first ball 10 and the second ball circulate in their respective ball channels along the channels of the racetrack-type structure.

[0051] In one embodiment, reference Figure 2 and Figure 4 The inlet of the first flow channel 7 is arranged on a side surface of the first slider 4 perpendicular to the length direction of the first track 2, and the surface is provided with an adapter 8; the inlet of the second flow channel is arranged on a side surface of the second slider 5 perpendicular to the length direction of the second track 3, and the surface is provided with an adapter 8. This arrangement facilitates the cooling airflow or coolant to flow out from the other side of the slider along the X-axis track after entering the slider, so as to achieve smoother flow of gas to cool the track.

[0052] In one embodiment, reference Figure 2 , the first temperature sensor 6 is arranged on the first slider 4 and the side along the length direction of the first track 2, and is located in the middle of the side of the second track 3. The second temperature sensor is arranged on the second slider 5 and the side along the length direction of the second track 3, and is located in the middle of the side of the second track 3. Setting the detector on the side of the slider in the length direction of the X-axis track is convenient for installation and can avoid interference with other structures; in addition, the detector is arranged in the middle of the slider to obtain an actual temperature closer to the track.

[0053] In one embodiment, reference Figure 1 The first track 2 and the second track 3 are arranged on the base 13. The base 13 is also provided with a Y-axis track perpendicular to the X-axis track. A slidable workbench is provided on the Y-axis track. The workbench is used to carry the workpiece. The workpiece is moved close to and away from the spindle 12 by moving the workbench on the Y-axis track.

[0054] The above are only preferred implementations of the present invention. It should be pointed out that ordinary technicians in this technical field can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A machine tool, comprising a base (13) and a column (11), wherein the base (13) is provided with a first track (2) and a second track (3) which are parallel and have different heights, a first slidable slider (4) is provided on the first track (2), and a second slidable slider (5) is provided on the second track (3), and the column is connected to the first slider (4) and the second slider (5), characterized in that: Also includes: A detector comprising a first temperature sensor (6) arranged on the first slider (4) and a second temperature sensor arranged on the second slider (5); a comparator, electrically connected to the first temperature sensor (6) and the second temperature sensor respectively, and used to compare the temperatures output by the first temperature sensor (6) and the second temperature sensor to output a comparison difference; A controller is electrically connected to the comparator, and is used to receive the comparison difference and generate a control value, wherein the control value is used to control a feed system of the machine tool for feed compensation, and / or to control a cooling system of the machine tool for cooling compensation.

2. The machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detector also includes: a pressure sensor connected to the first slider (4) and the second slider (5), and used to sense a first pressure value when lubricating oil is passed into the inner channel of the first slider (4), and used to sense a second pressure value when lubricating oil is passed into the inner channel of the second slider (5); The comparator is electrically connected to the pressure sensor, and the comparator is further used to compare the first pressure value and the second pressure value with the pressure values ​​preset in the comparator, respectively, so as to output a first pressure difference value and a second pressure difference value correspondingly; The controller is also used to control the lubricating oil pressure output by the oil circuit system of the machine tool to the first slider (4) according to the first pressure difference value, and to control the lubricating oil pressure output by the oil circuit system of the machine tool to the second slider (5) according to the second pressure difference value.

3. The machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first slider (4) and the second slider (5) are correspondingly provided with a first flow channel (7) and a second flow channel that are connected.

4. The machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first slider (4) and the second slider (5) are both provided with an adapter (8), the adapter (8) being in communication with the first flow channel (7) and the second flow channel, the adapter (8) comprising an output port (81) and two inlets (82), the output port (81) being used to connect with the corresponding first slider (4) and second slider (5), one of the inlets (82) being used to connect to an external oil circuit system for inputting lubricating oil, and the other inlet (82) being used to connect to an external air circuit system for delivering air.

5. The machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first slider (4) is provided with a first track groove (9) matched with the first track (2), the second slider (5) is provided with a second track groove matched with the second track (3), first ball channels are provided on both sides of the first track groove (9), second ball channels are provided on both sides of the second track groove, and first balls (10) and second balls are arranged in the first ball channel and the second ball channel respectively; The first slider (4) rolls and rubs against the first track (2) through the first ball (10), and the second slider (5) rolls and rubs against the second track (3) through the second ball; the first flow channel (7) is connected to the first ball channel, and the second flow channel is connected to the second ball channel.

6. The machine tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: Two first ball channels arranged vertically are provided on both sides of the first track groove (9), and two second ball channels arranged vertically are provided on both sides of the second track groove; and / or, The first ball channel and the second ball channel are both racetrack-type structures.

7. The machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inlet of the first flow channel (7) is arranged on a side surface of the first slider (4) perpendicular to the length direction of the first track (2), and the inlet of the second flow channel is arranged on a side surface of the second slider (5) perpendicular to the length direction of the second track (3).

8. The machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: The column (11) comprises a first connection side and a second connection side, wherein the first connection side and the second connection side are respectively arranged on the first slider (4) and the second slider (5); The machine tool also includes: The main shaft (12) is arranged on the Z-axis track of the column (11) so as to be movable up and down.

9. The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The first temperature sensor (6) is arranged on the side of the first slider (4) along the length direction of the first track (2), and is located in the middle of the side of the first track (2); the second temperature sensor is arranged on the side of the second slider (5) along the length direction of the second track (3), and is located in the middle of the side of the second track (3).

10. The machine tool according to claim 9, characterized in that The first track (2) and the second track (3) are arranged on the base (13); the base (13) is also provided with a Y-axis track perpendicular to the first track; and a slidable workbench is provided on the Y-axis track.

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