Main shaft front end sealing structure and machine tool

Abstract

The utility model discloses a main shaft front end sealing structure and a machine tool, and belongs to the field of machine tools, the main shaft front end sealing structure comprises a shaft core and a bearing seat, the shaft core is rotatably installed in the bearing seat, the bearing seat is provided with an air inlet channel, the main shaft front end sealing structure further comprises a flow guide cover, an air sealing ring and a dustproof cover, the flow guide cover is provided with a second air channel, and the air sealing ring is provided with a third air channel. The dustproof cover is sleeved on the outer wall of the shaft core, the flow guide cover is sleeved on the outer wall of the dustproof cover, labyrinth seal is formed between the flow guide cover and the dustproof cover, the second air channel is communicated with the air inlet channel, and the air seal ring is installed inside the flow guide cover in an interference mode and located between the flow guide cover and the dustproof cover. Through the design, a stream of gas with certain pressure is introduced into the gas inlet channel through the second gas channel and the third gas channel and is blown out towards the front end of the main shaft, so that external water and dust cannot enter the main shaft, and labyrinth seal is formed between the flow guide cover and the dustproof cover for further sealing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of machine tools, and particularly relates to a front-end sealing structure of a spindle and a machine tool. Background Art

[0002] When the front-end structure of a conventional spindle is installed on a machine tool, it is mainly in a downward direction. Therefore, it is mainly designed as a non-contact sealing structure, that is, a flanging sealing structure. The advantage of this structure is simple processing and cost saving. It is only suitable for spindles installed vertically, but not for spindles installed horizontally, and it is very easy for coolant to flow back into the spindle interior, resulting in functional failure.

[0003] To ensure absolute sealing of the front end of the spindle, some spindles use contact lip-type oil seals. Such an arrangement can completely prevent the entry of water and gas, but it will increase the resistance during spindle startup. At the same time, when the shaft core rotates at high speed, it is extremely easy to cause heat generation and wear of the oil seal due to friction, with a short service life, and the oil seal needs to be frequently replaced, and the reliability is not high. Content of the Utility Model

[0004] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, one of the purposes of the present utility model is to provide a front-end sealing structure of a spindle that can be applied to spindles installed vertically and horizontally and has high reliability.

[0005] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the second purpose of the present utility model is to provide a machine tool, and the front-end sealing structure of the spindle of the machine tool can be applied to spindles installed vertically and horizontally and has high reliability.

[0006] One of the purposes of the present utility model is realized by adopting the following technical solution:

[0007] A front-end sealing structure of a spindle includes a shaft core and a bearing seat. The shaft core is rotatably installed inside the bearing seat. The bearing seat is provided with an air inlet channel. The front-end sealing structure of the spindle further includes a diversion cover, an air seal ring, and a dust cover. The diversion cover is provided with a second air channel. The air seal ring is provided with a third air channel. The dust cover is sleeved on the outer wall of the shaft core. The diversion cover is sleeved on the outer wall of the dust cover and forms a labyrinth seal with the dust cover. The second air channel is communicated with the air inlet channel. The air seal ring is installed in the diversion cover by interference fit. The air seal ring is located between the diversion cover and the dust cover. One end of the third air channel is communicated with the second air channel, and the other end of the third air channel faces the outer wall of the dust cover.

[0008] Further, a groove is provided on the inner wall of the diversion cover, and the air seal ring is installed in the groove by interference fit.

[0009] Further, the air seal ring is provided with slot holes, the slot holes are distributed circumferentially, the third air channel extends radially, and the third air channel is communicated with the slot holes.

[0010] Further, a toothed groove is provided on one side of the dust cover facing the third air duct.

[0011] Further, the front-end sealing structure of the main shaft further includes a shaft shoulder located between the diversion cover and the bearing housing. The shaft shoulder is provided with a first air duct, and both ends of the first air duct are respectively communicated with the air inlet channel and the second air duct.

[0012] Further, a part of the dust cover is located between the shaft shoulder and the diversion cover, and a labyrinth seal is formed between the shaft shoulder and the dust cover.

[0013] Further, the front-end sealing structure of the main shaft further includes a sealing ring. The first air duct and the second air duct are sealed by the sealing ring, and the first air duct and the air inlet channel are sealed by the sealing ring.

[0014] Further, the front-end sealing structure of the main shaft further includes a bearing assembly, a spacer ring and a locking member. The bearing assembly is located between the shaft core and the bearing housing, the spacer ring is located between the shaft core and the shaft shoulder, and the locking member is located between the shaft core and the shaft shoulder.

[0015] Further, the dust cover abuts against the locking member.

[0016] The second object of the present utility model is achieved by adopting the following technical solution:

[0017] A machine tool includes any one of the above front-end sealing structures of the main shaft.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the front-end sealing structure of the main shaft of the present utility model includes a shaft core and a bearing housing. The shaft core is rotatably installed inside the bearing housing, and the bearing housing is provided with an air inlet channel. The front-end sealing structure of the main shaft further includes a diversion cover, an air seal ring and a dust cover. The diversion cover is provided with a second air duct, the air seal ring is provided with a third air duct, the dust cover is sleeved on the outer wall of the shaft core, the diversion cover is sleeved on the outer wall of the dust cover and forms a labyrinth seal with the dust cover. The second air duct is communicated with the air inlet channel, the air seal ring is installed in the diversion cover by interference fit, the air seal ring is located between the diversion cover and the dust cover, one end of the third air duct is communicated with the second air duct, and the other end of the third air duct faces the outer wall of the dust cover. Through the above design, a gas with a certain pressure is introduced into the front end of the main shaft through the second air duct and the third air duct and blown out, so that external water and dust cannot enter. A labyrinth seal is formed between the diversion cover and the dust cover for further sealing. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the front-end sealing structure of the main shaft of the present utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 is Figure 1 an enlarged view of the front-end seal structure of the main shaft at position A.

[0021] In the figure: 10, shaft core; 20, bearing seat; 21, air inlet channel; 22, overflow channel; 30, bearing assembly; 40, spacer ring; 50, locking member; 60, dust cover; 61, toothed groove; 70, shaft shoulder; 71, first air passage; 80, guide cover; 81, second air passage; 90, air seal ring; 91, third air passage; 92, slot hole; 100, sealing ring. Specific embodiments

[0022] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may also be another intermediate component through which it is fixed. When a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be another intermediate component at the same time. When a component is considered to be "disposed on" another component, it can be directly disposed on the other component or there may be another intermediate component at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are only for the purpose of illustration.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0025] Please refer to Figures 1 to 2 , a front-end seal structure of a main shaft of the present invention includes a shaft core 10, a bearing seat 20, a bearing assembly 30, a spacer ring 40, a locking member 50, a dust cover 60, a shaft shoulder 70, a guide cover 80, an air seal ring 90 and a plurality of sealing rings 100.

[0026] The shaft core 10 is rotatably mounted on the bearing seat 20 through the bearing assembly 30. Specifically, the bearing assembly 30 is sleeved on the outer wall of the shaft core 10, and the bearing assembly 30 is located between the shaft core 10 and the bearing seat 20. The bearing seat 20 is provided with an air inlet channel 21 and an overflow channel 22. The air inlet channel 21 introduces a stream of gas with a certain pressure to the dust-proof cover 60 and blows it towards the front end of the main shaft, preventing external water and dust from entering. The overflow channel 22 discharges the water existing inside during rotation (when the seal fails).

[0027] The bearing assembly 30, the spacer ring 40, and the locking member 50 are sequentially installed on the outer wall of the shaft core 10. The spacer ring 40 is located between the bearing assembly 30 and the locking member 50. The spacer ring 40 presses against the inner ring of the bearing assembly 30, and the spacer ring 40 is provided with a flange to achieve sealing.

[0028] The dust-proof cover 60 is installed on the outer wall of the shaft core 10 and abuts against the side of the locking member 50 away from the spacer ring 40, and the abutting surface is L-shaped. The outer wall of the dust-proof cover 60 is provided with a toothed groove 61. The toothed groove 61 is arranged circumferentially and is integrally annular, and the cross-section of the toothed groove 61 is triangular. The toothed groove 61 throws out the overflowing water through high-speed rotation to ensure the cleanliness of the bearing operating environment.

[0029] The shaft shoulder 70 is installed between the bearing seat 20 and the diversion cover 80. The shaft shoulder 70 abuts against the outer ring of the bearing assembly 30, and the shaft shoulder 70 is provided with a flange to achieve sealing. The flange of the shaft shoulder 70 and the flange of the spacer ring 40 achieve labyrinth sealing. One side of the flange of the shaft shoulder 70 is provided with an annular groove, and the annular groove is located in the inner cavity of the shaft shoulder 70. The annular groove diverts the water overflowing from the front end of the main shaft. The shaft shoulder 70 is provided with a first air passage 71. The first air passage 71 is arranged axially. The first air passage 71 is on the same straight line as the air inlet channel 21 and is communicated with the air inlet channel 21. The first air passage 71 and the air inlet channel 21 are sealed by a sealing ring 100.

[0030] The diversion cover 80 is provided with a second air passage 81 and a groove communicated with the second air passage 81. The second air passage 81 is communicated with the first air passage 71. The second air passage 81 and the first air passage 71 are sealed by a sealing ring 100.

[0031] The air seal ring 90 is provided with a third air passage 91 and a slot hole 92. The third air passage 91 is arranged radially, and the slot hole 92 is arranged circumferentially. The third air passage 91 is communicated with the slot hole 92. The slot hole 92 is a groove, and the width of the slot hole 92 is greater than the diameter of the third air passage 91. The slot hole 92 can evenly discharge the introduced gas around through this ring hole to achieve sufficient external leakage pressure. The air seal ring 90 is press-fitted into the groove of the diversion cover 80. The air seal ring 90 is aligned with the toothed groove 61 of the dust-proof cover 60. The air inlet channel 21 introduces a gas with a certain pressure into the slot hole 92 through the first air passage 71, the second air passage 81, and the third air passage 91 and blows outwards to form a pressure difference to prevent external water and dust from entering.

[0032] A portion of the dust cover 60 is located between the shoulder 70 and the diversion cover 80. A sealing structure is formed between the dust cover 60 and the shoulder 70, and a sealing structure is formed between the dust cover 60 and the diversion cover 80.

[0033] The front-end sealing structure of the main shaft forms a plurality of labyrinth sealing structures, enhancing the safety guarantee of the seal. The intake passage 21 introduces gas at a certain pressure into the slot hole 92 through the first air passage 71, the second air passage 81, and the third air passage 91 and blows outwards to form a pressure difference to prevent external water and dust from entering. At the same time, the rotating dust cover 60 is designed with a toothed groove 61, which serves as a water drainage groove and can drain a small amount of water. Meanwhile, there are overflow holes, which can sufficiently ensure the discharge of the water and liquid entering the front end of the bearing in case the air blowing fails. To prevent the air blowing function from failing, a safety protection structure is also designed for this structure. The outer contour of the diversion cover 80 has an inclined surface structure, which can effectively block the ring water spray of the machine tool outside and prevent it from flowing in. At the same time, the outer contour of the dust cover 60 has a toothed groove. The shaft core 10 drives the dust cover 60 to rotate together, and a small amount of water entering can be thrown out through the toothed groove 61. Finally, even if the active functions such as air blowing and water drainage ring fail and cause water to overflow in, an overflow channel 22 is also designed, and finally it is discharged through the overflow channel 22 of the bearing seat 20. Ultimately, the stability of the sealing structure is ensured.

[0034] The above embodiments only illustrate several implementation manners of the present utility model, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed. However, it should not be construed as a limitation to the scope of the utility model patent. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present utility model, several deformations and improvements can be made. These are all equivalent modifications and evolutions based on the essential technology of the present utility model to the above embodiments, and all of these fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A main shaft front end sealing structure, comprising a shaft core and a bearing seat, wherein the shaft core is rotatably mounted inside the bearing seat, and is characterized in that: The bearing seat is provided with an air inlet passage, and the sealing structure at the front end of the main shaft also includes a guide cover, an air sealing ring and a dust cover. The guide cover is provided with a second air passage, and the air sealing ring is provided with a third air passage. The dust cover is sleeved on the outer wall of the shaft core, and the guide cover is sleeved on the outer wall of the dust cover to form a labyrinth seal with the dust cover. The second air passage is connected with the air inlet passage, and the air sealing ring is interference fit inside the guide cover. The air sealing ring is located between the guide cover and the dust cover. One end of the third air passage is connected with the second air passage, and the other end of the third air passage faces the outer wall of the dust cover.

2. The main shaft front end sealing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the guide cover is provided with a groove, and the air sealing ring is interference-fittedly installed in the groove.

3. The main shaft front end sealing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air sealing ring is provided with slots, the slots are distributed in the circumferential direction, the third air channel extends in the radial direction, and the third air channel is communicated with the slots.

4. The main shaft front end sealing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A tooth-shaped groove is provided on one side of the dust cover facing the third air passage.

5. The main shaft front end sealing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main shaft front end sealing structure also includes a shaft shoulder, which is located between the guide cover and the bearing seat. The shaft shoulder is provided with a first air duct, and two ends of the first air duct are respectively connected to the air inlet channel and the second air duct.

6. The main shaft front end sealing structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: Part of the dust cover is located between the shaft shoulder and the guide cover, and the shaft shoulder and the dust cover form a labyrinth seal.

7. The main shaft front end sealing structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The main shaft front end sealing structure also includes a sealing ring, the first air channel and the second air channel are sealed by the sealing ring, and the first air channel and the air intake channel are sealed by the sealing ring.

8. The main shaft front end sealing structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The main shaft front end sealing structure also includes a bearing assembly, a spacer ring and a locking piece. The bearing assembly is located between the shaft core and the bearing seat, the spacer ring is located between the shaft core and the shaft shoulder, and the locking piece is located between the shaft core and the shaft shoulder.

9. The main shaft front end sealing structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The dust cover abuts against the locking member.

10. A machine tool, characterized in that: It comprises a main shaft front end sealing structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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