Energy dissipation structure for dam flood discharge channel

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of dam construction, and discloses an energy dissipation structure for a dam flood discharge channel, the energy dissipation structure comprises a plurality of energy dissipation assemblies arranged in the flood discharge channel at intervals, each energy dissipation assembly comprises sliding grooves formed in the inner walls of the two sides of the flood discharge channel, a sliding plate is arranged in the two sliding grooves in a sliding mode, and vertical plates are arranged on the two sides of the sliding plate; an energy dissipation unit and a fixing unit are arranged between the two vertical plates, the fixing unit comprises a fixing pipe and a sliding rod, the tops of the two sides of the flood discharge channel are provided with a fixing assembly and a fixing block respectively, the fixing assembly comprises a fixing plate, a fixing base and a sliding hole, an adjusting rod is arranged in the sliding hole, a shifting rod is arranged on the adjusting rod, and a baffle is arranged on the adjusting rod. The adjusting rod is sleeved with a first compression spring, and a fixing hole is formed in the fixing block. The shifting rod is shifted to drive the adjusting rod to move in the direction of the sliding rod, so that the adjusting rod slides into the fixing pipe, the end of the sliding rod slides into the fixing hole, installation is rapid and convenient, the damaged energy dissipation unit can be rapidly replaced, and normal operation of energy dissipation operation is restored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of dam construction, in particular to an energy dissipation structure for a dam flood discharge channel. Background Art

[0002] A flood discharge channel is a water conservancy facility used to discharge and regulate water flow, mainly used to avoid disasters caused by floods and effectively utilize water resources. Due to the height difference in the flood discharge channel, the water flow in the flood discharge channel is faster, which makes the impact of the water flow stronger, and it is easy to wash away the sediment of the downstream riverbed or revetment, causing damage to the riverbed or revetment.

[0003] A flood discharge channel structure is disclosed in a Chinese utility model patent with publication number CN213014163U, including a ditch, and energy dissipation components are arranged on both inner side walls of the ditch; multiple energy dissipation components are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the ditch; the energy dissipation components include a fixed part arranged on the inner side wall of the ditch, an energy dissipation plate sleeved on the fixed part and slidably matched with the fixed part, and a spring sleeved on the fixed part; the fixed part is semicircular, and the two ends of the fixed part are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the ditch; two springs are arranged, and the two springs are respectively located on both sides of the energy dissipation plate. When discharging flood water, the water flow impacts the energy dissipation plate, and the energy dissipation plate can slide along the fixed part to buffer the impact of the water flow, reducing the strong impact of the water flow and debris in the water flow on the riverbed or dam.

[0004] With respect to the above-mentioned related technologies, the inventors believe that the following defects exist: the energy dissipation components of the above-mentioned scheme are in a fixed state. If they are damaged after being impacted by water flow for a long time or encountering collision with debris in the water flow, it will be difficult to quickly replace them to restore the normal operation of the energy dissipation operation. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the utility model provides an energy dissipation structure for a dam flood discharge channel.

[0006] The above technical purpose of the utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions: an energy dissipation structure for a flood discharge channel of a dam, comprising a plurality of energy dissipation components arranged in the flood discharge channel at intervals along the length direction of the flood discharge channel, the energy dissipation components comprising slide grooves arranged on the inner walls on both sides of the flood discharge channel, the two slide grooves are arranged vertically and the grooves are opposite, a horizontally arranged slide plate is slidably arranged in the two slide grooves, both sides of the top surface of the slide plate are vertically arranged with vertical plates, an energy dissipation unit is arranged between the lower parts of the two vertical plates, and a fixing unit is arranged between the upper parts, the fixing unit comprises a horizontally arranged fixing pipe, through holes are opened on the two vertical plates corresponding to the pipe openings at both ends of the fixing pipe, a sliding rod is slidably arranged in the fixing pipe, and the two ends of the sliding rod are respectively flush with the outer side surfaces of the corresponding vertical plates, and the two sides of the flood discharge channel are provided with a plurality of energy dissipation components. The top of the side is respectively provided with a fixing component and a fixing block, and the fixing component comprises a fixing plate, and the fixing plate is provided with a fixing seat on one side of the fixing plate adjacent to the sliding rod, and a sliding hole is provided on the fixing seat which is arranged coaxially with the sliding rod and has the same diameter, and an adjusting rod is rotatably arranged in the sliding hole and slidably cooperates with the sliding hole, and the adjusting rod is provided with a lever perpendicular to the adjusting rod at one end away from the sliding rod, and two clamping blocks are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the adjusting rod, and a clamping groove which cooperates with the lever is provided on the clamping block on one side adjacent to the sliding rod, and a baffle is provided on the adjusting rod adjacent to the lever, and a first compression spring is sleeved on the rod body of the adjusting rod located between the baffle and the fixing seat, and one end of the first compression spring abuts against the baffle and the other end abuts against the fixing seat, and a fixing hole which is arranged coaxially with the sliding rod and has the same diameter is provided on the fixing block.

[0007] By adopting the above technical scheme, a slide groove, a slide plate, a vertical plate, an energy dissipation unit, a fixing assembly, and a fixing block are provided. After the slide plate is slid into the slide groove, the lever is toggled to drive the adjusting rod to move in the direction of the slide rod, so that the adjusting rod slides into the fixing tube, thereby making the end of the slide rod slide into the fixing hole, so that the vertical plates on both sides of the slide plate are connected to the flood discharge channel, thereby ensuring the stability of the slide plate, the vertical plate, and the energy dissipation unit; then the lever is rotated to clamp the lever into the clamping groove adjacent to the side of the slide rod. During the movement of the adjusting rod toward the slide rod, the first compression spring is compressed. When the lever is clamped into the clamping groove, the first compression spring pushes the adjusting rod away from the slide rod, ensuring that the lever is stably clamped in the clamping groove, thereby ensuring that the adjusting rod is stably clamped in the fixing tube. The installation is quick and convenient, and the damaged energy dissipation unit can be quickly replaced to restore the normal operation of the energy dissipation operation.

[0008] Furthermore, a circular groove arranged coaxially is provided at one end of the fixed tube adjacent to the fixed block, a baffle connected to the sliding rod is slidably arranged in the circular groove, a second compression spring is provided on the rod body of the sliding rod between the vertical plate adjacent to the fixed block and the baffle, one end of the second compression spring abuts against the vertical plate adjacent to the fixed block, and the other end abuts against the baffle.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, a circular groove, a retaining piece, and a second compression spring are provided. When the sliding rod slides towards the fixing hole, the second compression spring is compressed. When it is necessary to replace the sliding plate and the energy dissipation unit, only need to slide the adjusting rod in the direction away from the sliding rod, the second spring loses its restriction and the sliding rod is reset, so that the end of the sliding rod slides out of the fixing hole, which is more convenient without using tools to reset the sliding rod.

[0010] Furthermore, two groups of the fixing units are vertically arranged at intervals.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, two groups of the fixing units are vertically arranged at intervals, and the adjusting rod is clamped into the fixing tubes at different heights, so that the heights of the sliding plate and the energy dissipation unit are different, thereby adjusting the energy dissipation of the water in the upper layer or the lower layer of the water flow.

[0012] Furthermore, the vertical plate is slidably arranged in the chute.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the vertical plate is slidably arranged in the chute, which ensures the stability of the vertical plate, and thus ensures the stability of the sliding plate and the energy dissipation components.

[0014] Furthermore, the energy dissipation unit includes a fixed shaft horizontally arranged between two vertical plates and adjacent to one side of the flood discharge channel entrance. A dissipation plate is rotatably arranged on the fixed shaft. Two first arc-shaped guide rods arranged with the fixed shaft as the center are spaced along the length direction of the sliding plate. A first guide hole slidably matched with the first arc-shaped guide rod is opened on the dissipation plate. One end of the first arc-shaped guide rod passes through the first guide hole and is vertically provided with a first limiting plate. The plate surface of the first limiting plate adjacent to the dissipation plate contacts the plate surface of the dissipation plate. An arc-shaped spring is sleeved on the rod body of the first arc-shaped guide rod between the sliding plate and the dissipation plate. One end of the arc-shaped spring abuts against the sliding plate and the other end abuts against the dissipation plate.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the fixed shaft, the dissipation plate, the first arc-shaped guide rod, the first guide hole, the first limiting plate, and the arc-shaped spring are provided. The water flow impacts the dissipation plate, causing the dissipation plate to rotate around the fixed shaft. When rotating, the arc-shaped spring is compressed. After the dissipation plate rotates, it is in an inclined state, so that the impact force of the water flow is reduced. The arc-shaped spring releases its elastic force to reset the dissipation plate, and this process is repeated continuously to reduce the impact force of the water flow flowing downward.

[0016] Furthermore, a second arc-shaped guide rod arranged with the fixed shaft as the center is arranged between the two first arc-shaped guide rods on the sliding plate. A second guide hole slidably matched with the second arc-shaped guide rod is opened on the dissipation plate. One end of the second arc-shaped guide rod passes through the second guide hole and is vertically provided with a second limiting plate. The side of the second limiting plate adjacent to the dissipation plate contacts the dissipation plate. Limiting holes are circumferentially spaced at intervals with the fixed shaft as the center on the second arc-shaped guide rod.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the second arc-shaped guide rod, the second guide hole, the second limiting plate and the limiting hole are provided. By passing the limiting bolt through different limiting holes and screwing it into the nut, the position limit of the energy dissipation plate rotating backward is achieved, and thus the energy dissipation effect of the energy dissipation plate is changed.

[0018] Furthermore, a rubber ring is arranged at the second guide hole on the plate surface of the energy dissipation plate on the side far away from the flood discharge channel inlet.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, a rubber ring is arranged at the second guide hole on the plate surface of the energy dissipation plate on the side far away from the flood discharge channel inlet. When the energy dissipation plate rotates backward, the rubber ring contacts the limiting bolt, avoiding damage to the energy dissipation plate caused by the energy dissipation plate hitting the limiting bolt.

[0020] In summary, the present utility model has the following beneficial effects: In this application, a chute, a sliding plate, a vertical plate, an energy dissipation unit, a fixing component and a fixing block are provided. After the sliding plate is slid into the chute, the lever is toggled to drive the adjusting rod to move towards the sliding rod, so that the adjusting rod slides into the fixing tube, and thus the end of the sliding rod slides into the fixing hole, making the vertical plates on both sides of the sliding plate connected to the flood discharge channel, ensuring the stability of the sliding plate, the vertical plate and the energy dissipation unit; Subsequently, the lever is rotated and the lever is clamped into the card slot on the side close to the sliding rod. During the movement of the adjusting rod towards the sliding rod, the first compression spring is compressed. When the lever is clamped into the card slot, the first compression spring pushes the adjusting rod away from the sliding rod, ensuring that the lever is stably clamped in the card slot, and further ensuring that the adjusting rod is stably clamped in the fixing tube. The installation is quick and convenient, and the damaged energy dissipation unit can be quickly replaced to resume the normal energy dissipation operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the chute, the fixing component and the fixing block part of the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 is Figure 2 the enlarged view of part A of

[0024] Figure 4 is Figure 2 the enlarged view of part B of

[0025] Figure 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the sliding plate, the vertical plate, the energy dissipation unit and the fixing unit part of the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0026] Figure 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the sliding plate, the vertical plate, the energy dissipation unit and the fixing unit part from another angle of the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0027] Figure 7 is Figure 6 the enlarged view of part C;

[0028] Figure 8 is Figure 6 the sectional view taken along line E - E of;

[0029] Figure 9 is Figure 8 the enlarged view of part D.

[0030] In the figure: 10, flood - discharge channel; 20, energy - dissipating component; 21, chute; 22, sliding plate; 23, vertical plate; 30, energy - dissipating unit; 31, energy - dissipating plate; 32, first arc - shaped guide rod; 33, first limiting plate; 34, arc - shaped spring; 40, fixing unit; 41, fixing pipe; 42, through - hole; 43, sliding rod; 44, circular groove; 45, retaining piece; 46, second compression spring; 50, fixing component; 51, fixing plate; 52, fixing seat; 53, adjusting rod; 54, lever; 55, clamping block; 56, clamping groove; 57, baffle; 58, first compression spring; 60, fixing block; 61, fixing hole; 70, second arc - shaped guide rod; 71, second limiting plate; 72, limiting hole; 73, limiting bolt; 74, rubber ring. Specific embodiments

[0031] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application; obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0032] As Figures 1-9 shown, an energy - dissipating structure for a dam flood - discharge channel disclosed in an embodiment of the present application includes an energy - dissipating component 20. A plurality of energy - dissipating components 20 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the flood - discharge channel 10 in the flood - discharge channel 10, which are used to block the water flow in the flood - discharge channel 10, reduce the impact force of the water flow, and avoid the excessive impact force of the water flow from washing away the sediment of the downstream riverbed or revetment, causing damage to the riverbed or revetment.

[0033] Specifically, the energy - dissipating component 20 includes chutes 21 arranged on the inner walls of both sides of the flood - discharge channel 10. The two chutes 21 are arranged vertically with their openings facing each other. A horizontally arranged sliding plate 22 is slidably arranged in the two chutes 21 together, so that the sliding plate 22 can slide vertically in the chutes 21. Vertical plates 23 are vertically arranged on both sides of the top surface of the sliding plate 22. The vertical plates 23 are slidably arranged in the chutes 21, ensuring the stability of the vertical plates 23, and thus further ensuring the stability of the sliding plate 22.

[0034] A damping unit 30 is arranged between the lower parts of two vertical plates 23. The damping unit 30 includes a fixed shaft horizontally arranged between the two vertical plates 23 and near the inlet side of the flood discharge channel 10. A damping plate 31 is rotatably arranged on the fixed shaft, so that the damping plate 31 can rotate around the fixed shaft. Two first arc-shaped guide rods 32 arranged with the fixed shaft as the center are spaced along the length direction of the sliding plate 22. A first guide hole slidably matched with the first arc-shaped guide rod 32 is formed on the damping plate 31. One end of the first arc-shaped guide rod 32 passes through the first guide hole and is vertically provided with a first limiting plate 33. The plate surface of the first limiting plate 33 adjacent to the damping plate 31 contacts the plate surface of the damping plate 31, ensuring that the damping plate 31 is in a vertical state in the initial state. An arc-shaped spring 34 is sleeved on the rod body of the first arc-shaped guide rod 32 between the sliding plate 22 and the damping plate 31. One end of the arc-shaped spring 34 abuts against the sliding plate 22, and the other end abuts against the damping plate 31. The water flow impacts the damping plate 31, causing the damping plate 31 to rotate around the fixed shaft. When rotating, the arc-shaped spring 34 is compressed. After the damping plate 31 rotates, it is in an inclined state, so that the impact force of the water flow is reduced. The arc-shaped spring 34 releases elastic force to reset the damping plate 31, repeating continuously to reduce the impact force of the water flow flowing downward.

[0035] When setting, a second arc-shaped guide rod 70 arranged with the fixed shaft as the center is arranged on the sliding plate 22 between the two first arc-shaped guide rods 32. A second guide hole slidably matched with the second arc-shaped guide rod 70 is formed on the damping plate 31. One end of the second arc-shaped guide rod 70 passes through the second guide hole and is vertically provided with a second limiting plate 71. The side of the second limiting plate 71 adjacent to the damping plate 31 contacts the damping plate 31. Limiting holes 72 are circumferentially spaced on the second arc-shaped guide rod 70 with the fixed shaft as the center. By passing the limiting bolt 73 through different limiting holes 72 and screwing it into the nut, the position of the backward rotation of the damping plate 31 is restricted. When strong damping is required, the limiting bolt 73 is passed through the limiting hole 72 adjacent to the damping plate 31 and screwed into the nut, so that the rotation range of the damping plate 31 when being strongly impacted by the water flow is very small, making the damping effect better. A rubber ring 74 is arranged at the second guide hole on the plate surface of the damping plate 31 far from the inlet side of the flood discharge channel 10. After installing the limiting bolt 73, when the damping plate 31 rotates backward, the rubber ring 74 contacts the limiting bolt 73, avoiding the damping plate 31 hitting the limiting bolt 73 and causing damage to the damping plate 31.

[0036] A fixing unit 40 is arranged between the upper parts of two vertical plates 23. The fixing unit 40 includes a horizontally arranged fixing pipe 41. Through holes 42 are formed in the two vertical plates 23 corresponding to the two ends of the fixing pipe 41. A sliding rod 43 is slidably arranged in the fixing pipe 41. The two ends of the sliding rod 43 are flush with the outer side surfaces of the corresponding vertical plates 23 respectively. Fixing components 50 and fixing blocks 60 are respectively arranged at the top parts of the two side edges of the flood discharge channel 10. The fixing component 50 includes a fixing plate 51. A fixing seat 52 is arranged on one side of the fixing plate 51 close to the sliding rod 43. A sliding hole which is concentric with the sliding rod 43 and has the same diameter is formed in the fixing seat 52. An adjusting rod 53 which is in sliding fit with the sliding hole is rotatably arranged in the sliding hole. A shifting rod 54 perpendicular to the adjusting rod 53 is arranged at one end of the adjusting rod 53 far away from the sliding rod 43. Shifting the shifting rod 54 drives the adjusting rod 53 to move towards the sliding rod 43, so that the adjusting rod 53 slides into the fixing pipe 41, thereby pushing the sliding rod 43 to slide towards the other end. Two clamping blocks 55 are arranged on the fixing plate 51 at intervals along the length direction of the adjusting rod 53. A clamping groove 56 for cooperating with the shifting rod 54 is formed on one side of the clamping block 55 close to the sliding rod 43. The clamping groove 56 is used for the shifting rod 54 to be clamped into for fixing the shifting rod 54. A baffle 57 is arranged at the position of the adjusting rod 53 close to the shifting rod 54. A first compression spring 58 is sleeved on the rod body of the adjusting rod 53 between the baffle 57 and the fixing seat 52. One end of the first compression spring 58 abuts against the baffle 57 and the other end abuts against the fixing seat 52. During the process of the adjusting rod 53 moving towards the sliding rod 43, the first compression spring 58 is compressed. After the shifting rod 54 is clamped into the clamping groove 56 close to the sliding rod 43, the first compression spring 58 pushes the adjusting rod 53 towards the direction away from the sliding rod 43, ensuring that the shifting rod 54 is stably clamped in the clamping groove 56, and further ensuring that the adjusting rod 53 is stably clamped in the fixing pipe 41. A fixing hole 61 which is concentric with the sliding rod 43 and has the same diameter is formed in the fixing block 60. When the adjusting rod 53 is clamped into the fixing pipe 41, the sliding rod 43 slides towards the other end and slides into the fixing hole 61, so that the two vertical plates 23 on both sides of the sliding plate 22 are connected to the flood discharge channel 10, ensuring the stability of the sliding plate 22, the vertical plates 23 and the energy dissipation unit 30.

[0037] In the specific setting, a circular groove 44 arranged in the same core is provided at one end of the fixed tube 41 near the fixed block 60, and a baffle 45 connected to the slide bar 43 is slidably provided in the circular groove 44, so that the baffle 45 and the slide bar 43 slide synchronously. A second compression spring 46 is provided on the rod body of the slide bar 43 between the vertical plate 23 near the fixed block 60 and the baffle 57, one end of the second compression spring 46 abuts against the vertical plate 23 near the fixed block 60, and the other end abuts against the baffle 45. When the slide bar 43 slides toward the fixed hole 61, the second compression spring 46 is compressed. When the slide plate 22 and the energy dissipation unit 30 need to be replaced, it is only necessary to slide the adjustment rod 53 away from the slide bar 43, and the second spring loses its restriction to reset the slide bar 43, so that the end of the slide bar 43 slides out of the fixed hole 61, and it is more convenient to reset the slide bar 43 without using tools. Two groups of fixed units 40 are arranged at intervals vertically. The adjustment rod 53 is inserted into the fixed pipes 41 at different heights, so that the heights of the slide plate 22 and the energy dissipation unit 30 are different, thereby adjusting the energy dissipation of the water in the upper layer or the lower layer of the water flow.

[0038] The use principle of the energy dissipation structure for the flood discharge channel 10 of a dam in the present embodiment is as follows: when the energy dissipation unit 30 is damaged, the lever 54 is moved out of the slot 56 adjacent to the slide bar 43 and inserted into the slot 56 away from the slide bar 43. At this time, the second spring loses its restriction and resets the slide bar 43. Then, the upper fixed tube 41 is pulled upward to take the vertical plate 23, the slide plate 22 and the energy dissipation unit 30 out of the slide groove 21. The intact vertical plate 23, the slide plate 22 and the energy dissipation unit 30 are slid into the slide groove 21. The lever 54 is moved to drive the adjustment rod 53 to move in the direction of the slide bar 43, so that the adjustment rod 53 slides into the fixed tube 41, thereby making the end of the slide bar 43 The first compression spring 58 is compressed when the adjusting rod 53 moves toward the sliding rod 43. When the adjusting rod 53 is inserted into the slot 56, the first compression spring 58 pushes the adjusting rod 53 away from the sliding rod 43, ensuring that the adjusting rod 54 is stably inserted into the slot 56, thereby ensuring that the adjusting rod 53 is stably inserted into the fixing tube 41. The replacement process is simple and convenient, and the damaged energy dissipation unit 30 can be quickly replaced to restore the normal operation of the energy dissipation operation.

[0039] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy dissipation structure for a dam spillway, characterized by: The invention comprises a plurality of energy dissipation components (20) arranged in the flood discharge channel (10) at intervals along the length direction of the flood discharge channel (10), wherein the energy dissipation components (20) comprise slide grooves (21) arranged on the inner walls of both sides of the flood discharge channel (10), wherein the two slide grooves (21) are arranged vertically and the notches are opposite to each other, wherein a horizontally arranged slide plate (22) is slidably arranged in the two slide grooves (21), and vertical plates (23) are vertically arranged on both sides of the top surface of the slide plate (22), and an energy dissipation unit (30) is arranged between the lower parts of the two vertical plates (23), and an upper plate (23) is arranged between the lower parts of the two vertical plates (23). A fixing unit (40) is arranged between the two parts, the fixing unit (40) comprises a horizontally arranged fixing pipe (41), through holes (42) are provided at the pipe openings at both ends of the corresponding fixing pipe (41) on the two vertical plates (23), a sliding rod (43) is slidably arranged in the fixing pipe (41), and the two ends of the sliding rod (43) are respectively flush with the outer side surface of the corresponding vertical plate (23), and the top of the two side edges of the flood discharge channel (10) are respectively provided with a fixing assembly (50) and a fixing block (60), and the fixing assembly (50) comprises a fixing plate ( 51), a fixing seat (52) is arranged on one side of the fixing plate (51) adjacent to the sliding rod (43), a sliding hole is opened on the fixing seat (52) and is coaxially arranged with the sliding rod (43) and has the same diameter, an adjusting rod (53) is rotatably arranged in the sliding hole and slidingly cooperates with the sliding hole, and a lever (54) is arranged perpendicular to the adjusting rod (53) at one end of the adjusting rod (53) away from the sliding rod (43), and two clamping blocks (55) are arranged on the fixing plate (51) at intervals along the length direction of the adjusting rod (53), and the clamping blocks (55) are provided with a plurality of locking members. A slot (56) cooperating with the shifting rod (54) is provided on one side adjacent to the slide rod (43); a baffle (57) is provided on the adjusting rod (53) adjacent to the shifting rod (54); a first compression spring (58) is sleeved on the rod body of the adjusting rod (53) located between the baffle (57) and the fixing seat (52); one end of the first compression spring (58) is in contact with the baffle (57) and the other end is in contact with the fixing seat (52); a fixing hole (61) coaxially arranged with the slide rod (43) and having the same diameter as the slide rod (43) is provided on the fixing block (60).

2. The energy dissipation structure for a dam spillway according to claim 1, characterized in that: A circular groove (44) arranged coaxially is provided at one end of the fixed tube (41) adjacent to the fixed block (60), a baffle (45) connected to the slide rod (43) is slidably arranged in the circular groove (44), a second compression spring (46) is provided on the rod body of the slide rod (43) located between the vertical plate (23) adjacent to the fixed block (60) and the baffle (57), one end of the second compression spring (46) is in contact with the vertical plate (23) adjacent to the fixed block (60), and the other end is in contact with the baffle (45).

3. The energy dissipation structure for a dam spillway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing units (40) are arranged in two groups at intervals in a vertical direction.

4. The energy dissipation structure for a dam spillway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical plate (23) is slidably arranged in the sliding groove (21).

5. The energy dissipation structure for a dam spillway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy dissipation unit (30) comprises a fixed shaft horizontally arranged between two vertical plates (23) on one side of the entrance of the flood discharge channel (10); an energy dissipation plate (31) is rotatably arranged on the fixed shaft; two first arc-shaped guide rods (32) are arranged on the slide plate (22) along its length direction with intervals and arranged with the fixed shaft as the center; a first guide hole for slidingly cooperating with the first arc-shaped guide rod (32) is opened on the energy dissipation plate (31); one end of the first arc-shaped guide rod (32) passes through the first guide hole and is vertically provided with a first limit plate (33); a plate surface of the first limit plate (33) on one side of the energy dissipation plate (31) is in contact with a plate surface of the energy dissipation plate (31); an arc-shaped spring (34) is sleeved on the rod body of the first arc-shaped guide rod (32) located between the slide plate (22) and the energy dissipation plate (31); one end of the arc-shaped spring (34) abuts against the slide plate (22) and the other end abuts against the energy dissipation plate (31).

6. The energy dissipation structure for a dam spillway according to claim 5, characterized in that: A second arc-shaped guide rod (70) is arranged on the slide plate (22) between the two first arc-shaped guide rods (32) with the fixed axis as the center of the circle. A second guide hole is provided on the energy dissipation plate (31) for slidingly cooperating with the second arc-shaped guide rod (70). One end of the second arc-shaped guide rod (70) passes through the second guide hole and a second limit plate (71) is vertically provided. The second limit plate (71) contacts the energy dissipation plate (31) on one side adjacent to the energy dissipation plate (31). The second arc-shaped guide rod (70) is provided with limit holes (72) at intervals in the circumferential direction with the fixed axis as the center of the circle.

7. The energy dissipation structure for a dam spillway according to claim 6, characterized in that: A rubber ring (74) is provided on the plate surface of the energy dissipation plate (31) at the side away from the entrance of the flood discharge channel (10) and located at the second guide hole.

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